{"id":695,"date":"2017-12-06T11:18:04","date_gmt":"2017-12-06T16:18:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=140"},"modified":"2026-10-16T16:53:45","modified_gmt":"2026-10-16T20:53:45","slug":"outstanding-achievement-in-the-mining-industry","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wipware.com\/ru\/news\/outstanding-achievement-in-the-mining-industry\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0422\u043e\u043c \u041f\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0433\u0438\u043e \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d \u0432 \u0417\u0430\u043b \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u044b SAMSSA."},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5 \u0434\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0431\u0440\u044f 2017 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0443\u0447\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442 WipWare \u0422\u043e\u043c \u041a. \u041f\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0433\u0438\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d \u0432 \u0417\u0430\u043b \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u044b. <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/mineconnect.com\/hall-of-fame\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/mineconnect.com\/hall-of-fame\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0417\u0430\u043b \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u044b \u0410\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0439\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0421\u0430\u0434\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0438 (SAMSSA).<\/a><\/strong> \u0432 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438, \u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043e\u043a \u0438 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u0440\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 Dynamic Earth \u0432 \u0421\u0430\u0434\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0435\u0436\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f SAMSSA. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0443\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u041f\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0433\u0438\u043e \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 SAMSSA \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 15 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u044b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0412 \u0445\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0446\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u044b\u043d \u0422\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0441 \u0412. \u041f\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0433\u0438\u043e, \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 WipWare, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0435\u0441 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u044c, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043a\u0430\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0446\u0430, \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0443 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044e \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0444\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u041f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0435. <a href=\"https:\/\/mineconnect.com\/hall-of-fame\/?y=2017\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>\u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">SAMSSA \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441 2017 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430... <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/mineconnect.com\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/mineconnect.com\/\">\u041c\u0430\u0439\u043d\u041a\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043a\u0442<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-from-humble-beginnings-come-great-things\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0418\u0437 \u0441\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0426\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0417\u0430\u043b \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u044b \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0440\u0443 \u041f\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0433\u0438\u043e, \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u043a \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0443 \u0438 \u0432\u0437\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044b\u043c \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c\u044e \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430. \u0415\u0433\u043e \u0441\u044b\u043d, \u0422\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0441, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b \u043e\u0431 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0446\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043a\u043d\u0443\u0432 \u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442, \u043b\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0446\u0430 \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043b\u044c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0422\u043e\u043c\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u044f\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0412\u0438\u043d\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0446\u043e \u041f\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0436\u043e \u0438 \u0422\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043f\u044c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e, \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043c \u041e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043e. \u0418\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0438, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0446\u0430 \u0422\u043e\u043c\u0430, \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438. \u0412 1965 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0422\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043b \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0439\u043e\u043d \u041e\u0442\u0442\u0430\u0432\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0422\u0430\u043c \u043e\u043d \u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0438 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0424\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0441. \u0412 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u043e\u0432, \u043e\u043d \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u043b \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u041e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 Dupont, \u043e\u043d \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f, \u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0432\u044c \u043a \u0432\u0437\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044b\u043c \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 27 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0432 Dupont, \u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0432 ETI, \u043e\u043d \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043c. \u041e\u043d \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u043b, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u0437\u0440\u044b\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u044b\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0438\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432 1986 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0422\u043e\u043c \u041f\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0433\u0438\u043e \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0441 \u0414\u0436\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043a\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u041d\u043e\u0440\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442\u043e\u043c \u041c\u0430\u0435\u0440\u0446\u0435\u043c \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u0443\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0412\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043b\u043e\u043e (Waterloo Image Enhancement Process, WIEP). \u0414\u0436\u043e\u043d \u0438 \u041d\u043e\u0440\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a \u043e \u0417\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435 \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0412\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043b\u043e\u043e. \u041e\u0441\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f, \u0442\u0440\u0438\u043e \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e WipWare \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0440\u044b\u043d\u043a\u0435.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"380\" height=\"264\" data-id=\"6597\" src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/SAMSSA-2017-Tom-Hall-of-Fame-Induction-K.jpg\" alt=\"\u0414\u0438\u043a \u0414\u0435\u0421\u0442\u0435\u0444\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0435\" class=\"wp-image-6597\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/SAMSSA-2017-Tom-Hall-of-Fame-Induction-K.jpg 380w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/SAMSSA-2017-Tom-Hall-of-Fame-Induction-K-300x208.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/SAMSSA-2017-Tom-Hall-of-Fame-Induction-K-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 380px) 100vw, 380px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"380\" height=\"264\" data-id=\"6598\" src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/SAMSSA-2017-Tom-Hall-of-Fame-Induction-Q.jpg\" alt=\"\u0422\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0441 \u041f\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0436\u0438\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0446\u0430 \u0432 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\" class=\"wp-image-6598\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/SAMSSA-2017-Tom-Hall-of-Fame-Induction-Q.jpg 380w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/SAMSSA-2017-Tom-Hall-of-Fame-Induction-Q-300x208.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/SAMSSA-2017-Tom-Hall-of-Fame-Induction-Q-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 380px) 100vw, 380px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"980\" height=\"655\" data-id=\"6599\" src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/SAMSSA-2017-Tom-Hall-of-Fame-Induction-SS-e1649779790480.jpeg\" alt=\"\u0422\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0443 \u0417\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u044b \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 SAMSSA\" class=\"wp-image-6599\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"916\" height=\"612\" data-id=\"6600\" src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/SAMSSA-2017-Tom-Hall-of-Fame-Induction-W-e1649779008818.jpeg\" alt=\"\u0414\u0438\u043a \u0414\u0435\u0421\u0442\u0435\u0444\u0430\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0435 \u0441 \u0422\u043e\u043c\u043e\u043c, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0438\u044e \u0417\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u044b\" class=\"wp-image-6600\"\/><\/figure>\n<figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-caption wp-element-caption\"><em>\u0412\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u0443: \u0414\u0438\u043a \u0414\u0435\u0421\u0442\u0435\u0444\u0430\u043d\u043e \u2013 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0422\u043e\u043c\u0430 \u041f\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0436\u0438\u043e \u0441 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0439.<\/em> <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-tom-has-taken-some-leaps\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0422\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u043b \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0447\u043a\u043e\u0432<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0414\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0422\u043e\u043c\u0430 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u0417\u0430\u043b \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u044b SAMSSA, \u0425\u044c\u044e \u041a\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0435\u043b \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043b <a href=\"https:\/\/mineconnect.com\/whats-next-tom-palangio-president-of-samssa\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f<\/strong><\/a>\u00a017 \u043e\u043a\u0442\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044f 2017 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u0425\u044c\u044e \u0431\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0441 \u0422\u043e\u043c\u043e\u043c \u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0445, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0425\u044c\u044e \u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b \u0422\u043e\u043c\u0430 \u043e \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435, \u0422\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0441\u043d\u0438\u043b, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0447\u0442\u043e-\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u044c. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u041c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430, \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430, \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0441 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0432 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u042f \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u044d\u0431\u0438-\u0431\u0443\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432. \u041c\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0447\u0442\u043e-\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u044f \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c, \u043d\u043e \u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043b, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c, \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044f\u0441\u044c \u0442\u0435\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e. \u041c\u043e\u0438\u043c \u043a\u0443\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0432 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u041b\u0435\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0434\u043e \u0434\u0430 \u0412\u0438\u043d\u0447\u0438. \u041c\u043e\u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044f \u201c\u043d\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439\u201d, \u0438 \u043c\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043b\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e.     <strong>\u2014<\/strong><\/em> \u0422\u043e\u043c \u041f\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0433\u0438\u043e<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-image-analysis-technology-mining-industry\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0422\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u2014 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0412 1995 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0422\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e Topex Inc. \u2013 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0430\u043b\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0444\u0438\u0440\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u043e \u0432\u0437\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044b\u043c \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c. \u041f\u043e\u0437\u0436\u0435 \u043e\u043d \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e WipWare \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0436\u0438 \u0432\u0437\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432. <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/ru\/products\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439<\/a><\/strong> \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0443\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0444\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u0437\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u0411\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0435\u0441 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443 \u0432\u0437\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b \u201c\u0431\u0443\u043c\u201d, \u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043b \u0432 \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0443, \u0427\u0438\u043b\u0438, \u042e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0410\u0444\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0435, \u0410\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0413\u043e\u043d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0433\u0435, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044f \u0443\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0433\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e, \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043e\u043a, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0432\u0437\u0440\u044b\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044e \u0432\u0438\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e\u0441\u044a\u0435\u043c\u043a\u0435 \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u043c \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0443\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0433\u0430\u043c.<\/em>     <em><strong>\u2014<\/strong><\/em> \u0422\u043e\u043c \u041f\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0433\u0438\u043e<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0422\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435 \u0431\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0443 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430, \u0438 \u0422\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0445, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 15 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 SAMSSA \u0422\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0438\u043b \u0443\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0438\u044e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-2 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"623\" height=\"417\" data-id=\"6644\" src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/word-image-5.jpeg\" alt=\"\u0422\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u0422\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0441 \u041f\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0433\u0438\u043e \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430 3D-\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043f \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438\" class=\"wp-image-6644\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/word-image-5.jpeg 623w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/word-image-5-300x201.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/word-image-5-18x12.jpeg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 623px) 100vw, 623px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">3D-\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043f \u0441\u043e\u043b\u043e<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"630\" height=\"419\" data-id=\"6645\" src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/word-image-6-e1650640374997.jpeg\" alt=\"\u0422\u043e\u043c \u041f\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0436\u0438\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c. \u0413\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u044f\" class=\"wp-image-6645\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"632\" height=\"474\" data-id=\"6646\" src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/word-image-8-e1650640389850.jpeg\" alt=\"\u0422\u043e\u043c \u041f\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0436\u0438\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0435. \u0412\u0437\u0440\u044b\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f\" class=\"wp-image-6646\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041a \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0443 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 2017 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u041f\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0433\u0438\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u043b \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 40 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0432 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0432\u0437\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432. \u0420\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043e\u043d \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0435\u043d \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0438 NOBA \u00ab\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u00bb \u0432 2003 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443, \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434 \u0437\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u0432 2001 \u0438 2002 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0445, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0438 OACETT \u0437\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 2009 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0438 Northern Ontario Business Award \u0437\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 2015 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041f\u043e\u0434 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0422\u043e\u043c\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f WipWare \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0443 Ontario Leadership Award \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 Provincial Global Traders \u0432 2003 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043c PROFIT 500 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u044b \u043f\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043c \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0432 2013 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c WipWare \u0422\u043e\u043c \u041f\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0433\u0438\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d \u0432 \u0417\u0430\u043b \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u044b SAMSSA 2017 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u041e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043e.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":6601,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[92],"tags":[104,89],"class_list":["post-695","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","tag-aggregates","tag-mining"],"acf":{"related_posts":[{"ID":3171,"post_author":"6","post_date":"2019-11-18 12:18:50","post_date_gmt":"2019-11-18 17:18:50","post_content":"<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipWare held their 6th WipWare Conference &amp; Workshop from November 5-7th in Toronto. Many of our resellers and partners were in attendance. The 3-day conference and workshop involved presentations to help our partners and resellers view our new product line, get in-depth product information, and experience hands-on demonstrations of WipWare technology.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The event kicked off with a <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/wipfrag\/\" data-type=\"products\" data-id=\"36\">WipFrag<\/a><\/strong> presentation, including information on licenses, drones (UAV), the Geographic Information System (GIS) and the Human Machine Interface (HMI). WipWare's Momentum System was also presented including the Conveyor camera type and the improved Vehicle Camera Assembly.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>After a great day of presentations, everyone enjoyed dinner at Nando's and some Go-Kart Racing at Formula Kartways.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:gallery {\"linkTo\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":5607,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/2021-04-26_16-49-14-1.png\" alt=\"Go-Kart Racing at Formula Kartways\" class=\"wp-image-5607\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":5608,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/2021-04-26_16-49-36-1.png\" alt=\"WipWare resellers win prizes at the 6th WipWare Conference &amp; Workshop\" class=\"wp-image-5608\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":5609,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/2021-04-26_16-50-34-1.png\" alt=\"WipWare resellers attend the 6th WipWare Conference &amp; Workshop\" class=\"wp-image-5609\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:gallery -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The second day was dedicated to showcasing our <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/solo\/\" data-type=\"products\" data-id=\"34\">Solo<\/a><\/strong> and <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/reflex\/\" data-type=\"products\" data-id=\"35\">Reflex<\/a><\/strong> 5th Generation Instruments and our new Vertex Instrument.\u00a0Each participant also had the opportunity to do a presentation on their company's products and services.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:gallery {\"linkTo\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":5610,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/2021-04-26_16-50-03.png\" alt=\"WipWare resellers get certified in the use of WipWare technology\" class=\"wp-image-5610\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":5611,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/2021-04-26_16-51-38.png\" alt=\"Momentum, Solo and Reflex 5th Generation Instruments from WipWare\" class=\"wp-image-5611\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:gallery -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The end of the second day had another team building special event - Escape Rooms. Fun was had by all and some good laughs along the way with dinner at Ruth's Chris Steakhouse.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The final day allowed all participants to do an analysis of the conference and workshop and enjoy dinner at the CN Tower Restaurant.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Thank you to everyone for participating and making this event\u00a0a great success!<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>Featuring Haver &amp; Boecker, <a href=\"https:\/\/micronscientific.com.au\/\">Micron Scientific Australia Pty Ltd<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.omserv.com\/?lang=en\">Omega Servicios<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.syscom.nl\/\">Syscom BV<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.tecnoil.com.pe\/\">Tecnoil SAC<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vmasismo.com.br\/\">VMA<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->","post_title":"6th WipWare Conference & Workshop 2019","post_excerpt":"WipWare welcomed international resellers and partners to Toronto for its sixth Conference & Workshop in 2019, featuring WipFrag training, product demonstrations, and collaborative discussions.","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"6th-wipware-conference-workshop-2019","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2026-10-15 14:52:47","post_modified_gmt":"2026-10-15 18:52:47","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"http:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=3171","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":703,"post_author":"6","post_date":"2017-10-11 11:40:03","post_date_gmt":"2017-10-11 15:40:03","post_content":"<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>In October 2017, WipWare welcomed Dr. Rob Farnfield, Head of Explosives Engineering at <a href=\"http:\/\/www.epc-groupe.co.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>EPC-UK<\/strong><\/a>, to its facilities in North Bay, Ontario. During the two-day visit, Dr. Farnfield met with WipWare President Tom Palangio and Technical Officer Thomas Palangio to tour the company's operations and discuss potential opportunities for future collaboration.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Dr. Farnfield brought extensive experience in explosives engineering, blast performance monitoring, and mining technology. His visit provided an opportunity to exchange industry knowledge and explore shared interests in blasting performance and fragmentation measurement.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":170,\"align\":\"center\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\"><img src=\"http:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/Dr-Rob-Farnfield-Busted-Some-Rock-At-WipWare-content-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"Dr. Rob Farnfield of EPC-UK visiting WipWare in October 2017\" class=\"wp-image-170\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipWare values its longstanding relationships with professionals and organizations throughout the international mining industry and thanks Dr. Farnfield for his visit.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->","post_title":"Dr. Rob Farnfield of EPC-UK Visits WipWare","post_excerpt":"WipWare welcomed EPC-UK explosives engineering specialist Dr. Rob Farnfield in October 2017 for a facility tour and discussions about future opportunities in the mining and blasting industries.","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"dr-rob-farnfield-busted-some-rock-at-wipware","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2026-10-15 15:13:10","post_modified_gmt":"2026-10-15 19:13:10","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"http:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=169","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":8503,"post_author":"20","post_date":"2025-10-30 11:11:50","post_date_gmt":"2025-10-30 15:11:50","post_content":"<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"width\":\"100%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\" style=\"flex-basis:100%\"><!-- wp:post-excerpt {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fill\",\"flexSize\":null},\"typography\":{\"fontStyle\":\"italic\",\"fontWeight\":\"700\"}}} \/-->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"20px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"20px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns\"><!-- wp:column {\"width\":\"100%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\" style=\"flex-basis:100%\"><!-- wp:yoast-seo\/table-of-contents {\"maxHeadingLevel\":2} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-yoast-seo-table-of-contents yoast-table-of-contents\"><h2>Table of contents<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"#h-1-start-with-the-process-not-the-measurement\" data-level=\"2\">1. Start with the Process, Not the Measurement<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-2-before-blasting-understanding-the-rock-mass\" data-level=\"2\">2. Before Blasting: Understanding the Rock Mass<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-3-after-blasting-measuring-what-was-produced\" data-level=\"2\">3. After Blasting: Measuring What Was Produced<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-4-from-pit-to-plant-measuring-material-during-haulage\" data-level=\"2\">4. From Pit to Plant: Measuring Material During Haulage<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-5-through-processing-continuous-conveyor-monitoring\" data-level=\"2\">5. Through Processing: Continuous Conveyor Monitoring<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-6-choosing-where-to-measure\" data-level=\"2\">6. Choosing Where to Measure<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-7-periodic-sampling-and-continuous-monitoring\" data-level=\"2\">7. Periodic Sampling and Continuous Monitoring<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-8-turning-measurements-into-process-decisions\" data-level=\"2\">8. Turning Measurements into Process Decisions<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-9-case-study-connecting-blast-fragmentation-to-crusher-requirements\" data-level=\"2\">9. Case Study: Connecting Blast Fragmentation to Crusher Requirements<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-10-building-long-term-visibility-across-the-life-of-a-mine\" data-level=\"2\">10. Building Long-Term Visibility Across the Life of a Mine<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-conclusion\" data-level=\"2\">Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:yoast-seo\/table-of-contents --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Rock fragmentation influences nearly every stage of mining and mineral processing. The size and distribution of material produced by blasting affect how efficiently it can be excavated, transported, crushed, and ground. Changes in fragmentation can influence equipment performance, processing costs, and the consistency of material moving through an operation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Yet these stages are often evaluated independently. Blasting teams assess their results, crusher operators monitor equipment performance, and processing personnel respond to changes in feed conditions. Without reliable measurements connecting these activities, it can be difficult to determine where variability originates or which adjustments will provide the greatest benefit.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Fragmentation measurement helps connect these stages by turning material size and other characteristics into data that can be compared, monitored, and used to guide operational decisions.<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>From pre-blast rock characterization to continuous conveyor monitoring, pit-to-plant fragmentation monitoring helps operations understand material behaviour, evaluate process performance, and identify opportunities for improvement throughout the life of a mine.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-1-start-with-the-process-not-the-measurement\">1. Start with the Process, Not the Measurement<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-2-before-blasting-understanding-the-rock-mass\">2. Before Blasting: Understanding the Rock Mass<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-3-after-blasting-measuring-what-was-produced\">3. After Blasting: Measuring What Was Produced<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-4-from-pit-to-plant-measuring-material-during-haulage\">4. From Pit to Plant: Measuring Material During Haulage<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-5-through-processing-continuous-conveyor-monitoring\">5. Through Processing: Continuous Conveyor Monitoring<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-6-choosing-where-to-measure\">6. Choosing Where to Measure<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-7-periodic-sampling-and-continuous-monitoring\">7. Periodic Sampling and Continuous Monitoring<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-8-turning-measurements-into-process-decisions\">8. Turning Measurements into Process Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-9-case-study-connecting-blast-fragmentation-to-crusher-requirements\">9. Case Study: Connecting Blast Fragmentation to Crusher Requirements<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-10-building-long-term-visibility-across-the-life-of-a-mine\">10. Building Long-Term Visibility Across the Life of a Mine<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-1-start-with-the-process-not-the-measurement\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-1-start-with-the-process-not-the-measurement\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Start with the Process, Not the Measurement<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Before deciding where to measure fragmentation, it is important to understand what the operation is trying to achieve.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>An acceptable particle size distribution (PSD) for one process may be unsuitable for another. Material that is easily handled by a large primary crusher may create difficulties in a smaller downstream crusher. Similarly, feed characteristics that support stable grinding performance at one operation may be undesirable at another.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The first step is therefore to establish the material characteristics that matter to each process.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These might include:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Maximum particle size entering a crusher or material handling system.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Particle size distribution feeding a crusher or grinding mill.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>The percentage of material within an acceptable size range.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Changes in particle size or shape between processing stages.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Variations in material characteristics between mining areas or feed sources.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Compliance with aggregate gradation requirements or other product specifications.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Once these requirements are understood, the operation can identify the measurements needed to evaluate them.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-understanding-particle-size-distribution\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-understanding-particle-size-distribution\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Understanding Particle Size Distribution<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Particle size distribution describes the relative proportions of different particle sizes within a material sample.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>It is commonly presented as a cumulative percent-passing curve, showing the percentage of material smaller than a given particle size.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>One frequently used measurement is <strong>P80<\/strong>, the particle size at which 80% of the material passes. Other measurements, such as P50 and P95, describe different portions of the distribution.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>P80 is useful for comparing feed and product sizes, tracking process changes, and evaluating crushing and grinding performance. However, it should not be treated as a complete description of the material.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Two samples can have the same P80 while containing very different proportions of oversize, intermediate particles, or fines.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, an operation concerned with crusher blockages may need to monitor the largest particles and the percentage exceeding a specific size limit. In that case, P80 alone may not provide the information needed to make a decision.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For a more detailed explanation, see <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/understanding-p80-in-crushing-and-material-processing\/\">Understanding P80 in Crushing and Material Processing<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-using-specification-envelopes\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-using-specification-envelopes\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Using Specification Envelopes<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A specification envelope defines acceptable limits for a particle size distribution.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Rather than evaluating a PSD curve without context, operators can compare measured results with an established range of acceptable material sizes.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These limits may be based on equipment requirements, product specifications, operating targets, or other performance criteria.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, a crusher may have a maximum acceptable feed size, while an aggregate producer may need to maintain a product gradation within specified limits.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":7939,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/On-Spec-Blast-1024x623.jpg\" alt=\"On spec blast information as a chart\" class=\"wp-image-7939\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipWare's measurement technologies can help operators evaluate material against defined particle size criteria. In WipFrag, specification envelopes provide a visual reference for comparing measured PSD curves with the desired distribution.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>By establishing what constitutes acceptable material before collecting measurements, operations can more readily identify meaningful deviations and determine when further investigation or corrective action is required.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-1-start-with-the-process-not-the-measurement\">1. Start with the Process, Not the Measurement<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-2-before-blasting-understanding-the-rock-mass\">2. Before Blasting: Understanding the Rock Mass<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-3-after-blasting-measuring-what-was-produced\">3. After Blasting: Measuring What Was Produced<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-4-from-pit-to-plant-measuring-material-during-haulage\">4. From Pit to Plant: Measuring Material During Haulage<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-5-through-processing-continuous-conveyor-monitoring\">5. Through Processing: Continuous Conveyor Monitoring<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-6-choosing-where-to-measure\">6. Choosing Where to Measure<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-7-periodic-sampling-and-continuous-monitoring\">7. Periodic Sampling and Continuous Monitoring<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-8-turning-measurements-into-process-decisions\">8. Turning Measurements into Process Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-9-case-study-connecting-blast-fragmentation-to-crusher-requirements\">9. Case Study: Connecting Blast Fragmentation to Crusher Requirements<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-10-building-long-term-visibility-across-the-life-of-a-mine\">10. Building Long-Term Visibility Across the Life of a Mine<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-2-before-blasting-understanding-the-rock-mass\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-2-before-blasting-understanding-the-rock-mass\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Before Blasting: Understanding the Rock Mass<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Fragmentation begins with the characteristics of the rock itself.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Rock strength, density, joint spacing, bedding, faults, and other geological features influence how explosive energy interacts with the material and how fragments develop.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Even where drilling patterns and explosive loading remain consistent, changes in geological conditions can produce different fragmentation results.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Understanding these conditions before blasting provides valuable context when evaluating the results afterward.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-rock-structure-characterization-with-wipjoint\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-rock-structure-characterization-with-wipjoint\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Rock Structure Characterization with WipJoint<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipFrag includes <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipjoint-guide\/\"><strong>WipJoint<\/strong><\/a>, a tool for characterizing rock structure from photographs of exposed rock faces.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipJoint measures apparent joint orientation, spacing, and persistence, along with estimated Rock Quality Designation (RQD) and apparent in-situ block size.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These measurements help describe structural variations within a rock mass that may influence how the material responds to blasting.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":8505,\"width\":\"641px\",\"height\":\"auto\",\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Face-1-828x1024.png\" alt=\"Pre blast rock face joint network analysis\" class=\"wp-image-8505\" style=\"width:641px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, a heavily fractured zone may break differently from an adjacent area containing larger, more competent rock blocks.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Comparing pre-blast structural characteristics with the fragmentation produced afterward can help engineers better understand these differences and evaluate the influence of geological conditions on blasting performance.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-establishing-fragmentation-objectives\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-establishing-fragmentation-objectives\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Establishing Fragmentation Objectives<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Before a blast, the operation can also establish fragmentation targets based on the requirements of downstream equipment.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These targets might include limiting oversize material that requires secondary breaking, producing a suitable feed size for the primary crusher, or maintaining a particular particle size distribution for subsequent processing.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Where appropriate, WipFrag's <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/blastcast-guide\/\"><strong>BlastCast<\/strong><\/a> tool can be used to compare modelled fragmentation with measured results from previous blasts.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>BlastCast uses the Kuz-Ram-Cunningham-Ouchterlony (KCO) model to predict fragmentation based on blast-design parameters, explosive characteristics, and rock conditions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>By calibrating the model's Rock Factor against actual fragmentation measurements, engineers can establish a baseline for comparing how changes to selected blast-design parameters may influence the predicted PSD under similar rock conditions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These assessments provide a basis for evaluating possible changes, although actual blasting results must still be measured to confirm the outcome.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For more information about the physical mechanisms and design factors influencing fragmentation, see <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\"><strong>Understanding Rock Blasting and Fragmentation<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-1-start-with-the-process-not-the-measurement\">1. Start with the Process, Not the Measurement<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-2-before-blasting-understanding-the-rock-mass\">2. Before Blasting: Understanding the Rock Mass<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-3-after-blasting-measuring-what-was-produced\">3. After Blasting: Measuring What Was Produced<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-4-from-pit-to-plant-measuring-material-during-haulage\">4. From Pit to Plant: Measuring Material During Haulage<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-5-through-processing-continuous-conveyor-monitoring\">5. Through Processing: Continuous Conveyor Monitoring<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-6-choosing-where-to-measure\">6. Choosing Where to Measure<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-7-periodic-sampling-and-continuous-monitoring\">7. Periodic Sampling and Continuous Monitoring<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-8-turning-measurements-into-process-decisions\">8. Turning Measurements into Process Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-9-case-study-connecting-blast-fragmentation-to-crusher-requirements\">9. Case Study: Connecting Blast Fragmentation to Crusher Requirements<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-10-building-long-term-visibility-across-the-life-of-a-mine\">10. Building Long-Term Visibility Across the Life of a Mine<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-3-after-blasting-measuring-what-was-produced\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-3-after-blasting-measuring-what-was-produced\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. After Blasting: Measuring What Was Produced<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Once a blast is completed, fragmentation analysis provides the first opportunity to evaluate the resulting material against the original objectives.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Visual assessments can reveal obvious oversize or uneven fragmentation, but they cannot consistently quantify the particle size distribution.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/wipfrag\/\"><strong>WipFrag<\/strong><\/a> converts photographs of exposed fragmented material into particle size distribution measurements, allowing operators to compare blast results quantitatively.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Images can be collected from muckpiles, benches, underground stopes, stockpiles, and other accessible material. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can also provide imagery covering larger exposed areas.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-comparing-blasts-and-identifying-variability\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-comparing-blasts-and-identifying-variability\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Comparing Blasts and Identifying Variability<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Quantitative measurements make it possible to compare fragmentation between different blasts, mining areas, geological conditions, and design configurations.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, an operation may compare the percentage of oversize material produced by successive blasts or assess whether changes in the drilling pattern are associated with a shift in the PSD.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Multiple images can be combined to represent a broader sampling area, while suitable UAV imagery can help reveal spatial differences across a muckpile.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":11028,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-UAV-GIS-Heatmap.png\" alt=\"A screenshot of WipFrag's GIS feature showing the heatmap of a UAV orthomosaic image analysis.\" class=\"wp-image-11028\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A fragmentation map may show that one area contains consistently larger fragments than another. When compared with geological observations and drilling records, this information can help identify conditions requiring further investigation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>However, fragmentation measurements do not independently establish why a particular result occurred. Similar patterns can arise from differences in rock structure, burden, spacing, explosive distribution, or other factors.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The greatest value comes from evaluating the measurements alongside the corresponding blast records.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-measuring-representative-material\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-measuring-representative-material\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Measuring Representative Material<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>As with any sampling method, the usefulness of fragmentation data depends on whether the measurements represent the material being evaluated.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Images should be collected from appropriate locations and under suitable conditions, with enough samples to account for material variability.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Photographic analysis measures particles visible at the surface. Buried material and particles obscured by larger fragments cannot be measured directly.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For practical guidance, see the <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipfrag-image-capture-and-sampling-guide\/\"><strong>WipFrag Image Capture &amp; Sampling Guide<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-professional-fragmentation-analysis-with-mailfrag\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-professional-fragmentation-analysis-with-mailfrag\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Professional Fragmentation Analysis with MailFrag<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Not every operation has the personnel, time, or resources to conduct fragmentation analysis internally.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For these applications, WipWare offers <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/wipfrag\/#h-mailfrag\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/wipfrag\/#h-mailfrag\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">MailFrag<\/a><\/strong>, a professional analysis service available through WipFrag.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Users prepare and submit their images with the appropriate scaling information, and WipWare's analysis specialists complete the particle delineation, review, and analysis. The completed results are returned through WipFrag.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This provides an alternative for operations that require quantitative fragmentation measurements without performing the analysis themselves.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>MailFrag can be particularly useful for occasional fragmentation assessments, specialized projects, or organizations seeking assistance with their analysis workflow.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Whether performed internally or through MailFrag, the objective remains the same: obtain reliable, representative fragmentation measurements that can support meaningful operational decisions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-1-start-with-the-process-not-the-measurement\">1. Start with the Process, Not the Measurement<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-2-before-blasting-understanding-the-rock-mass\">2. Before Blasting: Understanding the Rock Mass<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-3-after-blasting-measuring-what-was-produced\">3. After Blasting: Measuring What Was Produced<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-4-from-pit-to-plant-measuring-material-during-haulage\">4. From Pit to Plant: Measuring Material During Haulage<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-5-through-processing-continuous-conveyor-monitoring\">5. Through Processing: Continuous Conveyor Monitoring<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-6-choosing-where-to-measure\">6. Choosing Where to Measure<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-7-periodic-sampling-and-continuous-monitoring\">7. Periodic Sampling and Continuous Monitoring<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-8-turning-measurements-into-process-decisions\">8. Turning Measurements into Process Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-9-case-study-connecting-blast-fragmentation-to-crusher-requirements\">9. Case Study: Connecting Blast Fragmentation to Crusher Requirements<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-10-building-long-term-visibility-across-the-life-of-a-mine\">10. Building Long-Term Visibility Across the Life of a Mine<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-4-from-pit-to-plant-measuring-material-during-haulage\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-4-from-pit-to-plant-measuring-material-during-haulage\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. From Pit to Plant: Measuring Material During Haulage<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Fragmentation measurements collected from a muckpile describe the material at a particular stage of the operation. However, material characteristics can vary considerably as different areas are excavated, blended, transported, and delivered to processing.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This creates another opportunity for measurement.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-vehicle-load-analysis-with-reflex\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-vehicle-load-analysis-with-reflex\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vehicle Load Analysis with Reflex<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/reflex\/\"><strong>Reflex<\/strong><\/a> is an automated particle measurement system designed for material carried in haul trucks, loaders, railcars, and other vehicles.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Depending on the installation, the system can capture material in a vehicle load or as it is discharged at a receiving location.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":10037,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Reflex-AS1682869331-1024x683.png\" alt=\"Reflex measuring fragmentation in mine haul-truck loads and quarry haul-truck loads.\" class=\"wp-image-10037\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Reflex Basic provides focused maximum-size or colour monitoring, while Reflex Complete provides particle size distribution, shape, and colour measurements.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These measurements allow operators to compare material from one vehicle load to another and identify changes before the material reaches downstream equipment.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-connecting-loading-and-haulage-to-processing\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-connecting-loading-and-haulage-to-processing\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Connecting Loading and Haulage to Processing<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Load-by-load measurements can be particularly useful when material is delivered from different blasting areas or when the operation experiences substantial variability in crusher feed.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, monitoring the size distribution of material arriving at a primary crusher can help operators determine whether coarse feed conditions are isolated or recurring.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Where load identity, location, and dispatch information are available, fragmentation results can also be associated with particular mining areas or material movements.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This provides a way to connect upstream fragmentation conditions with the material being delivered to processing.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The information may support operational decisions involving material routing, feed management, oversize handling, or further investigation of a particular source.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-tracking-changes-between-the-pit-and-the-crusher\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-tracking-changes-between-the-pit-and-the-crusher\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tracking Changes Between the Pit and the Crusher<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Measurements collected at different stages can also help distinguish between fragmentation as initially produced by blasting and the material subsequently delivered to processing.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The material visible in a muckpile is not necessarily identical in distribution to the material arriving at a crusher. Loading practices, material segregation, blending, and handling can all influence the composition of individual loads.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Comparing measurements from different locations provides additional context about these changes.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This is particularly valuable when an operation is trying to understand whether inconsistent crusher feed originates with blasting, material handling, or the combination of multiple feed sources.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The objective is not necessarily to measure every fragment, but to collect useful, consistent information about the material moving between stages.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-1-start-with-the-process-not-the-measurement\">1. Start with the Process, Not the Measurement<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-2-before-blasting-understanding-the-rock-mass\">2. Before Blasting: Understanding the Rock Mass<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-3-after-blasting-measuring-what-was-produced\">3. After Blasting: Measuring What Was Produced<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-4-from-pit-to-plant-measuring-material-during-haulage\">4. From Pit to Plant: Measuring Material During Haulage<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-5-through-processing-continuous-conveyor-monitoring\">5. Through Processing: Continuous Conveyor Monitoring<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-6-choosing-where-to-measure\">6. Choosing Where to Measure<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-7-periodic-sampling-and-continuous-monitoring\">7. Periodic Sampling and Continuous Monitoring<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-8-turning-measurements-into-process-decisions\">8. Turning Measurements into Process Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-9-case-study-connecting-blast-fragmentation-to-crusher-requirements\">9. Case Study: Connecting Blast Fragmentation to Crusher Requirements<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-10-building-long-term-visibility-across-the-life-of-a-mine\">10. Building Long-Term Visibility Across the Life of a Mine<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-5-through-processing-continuous-conveyor-monitoring\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-5-through-processing-continuous-conveyor-monitoring\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Through Processing: Continuous Conveyor Monitoring<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Once material enters the crushing and processing circuit, its particle size distribution continues to change.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Crushers reduce larger particles, screens separate material into size ranges, and grinding circuits prepare feed for subsequent processing.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>At the same time, differences in rock properties, equipment condition, operating settings, and incoming material can cause the size distribution to vary.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Conveyors provide useful locations to monitor these changes while material is moving through the operation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-conveyor-particle-measurement-with-solo\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-conveyor-particle-measurement-with-solo\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conveyor Particle Measurement with Solo<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/solo\/\"><strong>Solo<\/strong><\/a> is an automated conveyor measurement system that repeatedly captures and analyzes material as it travels through a processing circuit.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Depending on its configuration, Solo can provide maximum particle size, particle size distribution, particle shape, estimated volume, and colour measurements.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":10064,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/SoloConveyorSystem-PSD-1024x683.png\" alt=\"Particle size monitoring of limestone or clinker in cement production\" class=\"wp-image-10064\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Solo Basic provides focused maximum-size or colour monitoring, while Solo Complete offers full PSD analysis and additional material measurements.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These capabilities allow operations to select a measurement approach appropriate to the decision being supported.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, detecting material that exceeds a particular size limit may only require maximum particle size monitoring. Understanding how the complete distribution changes through crushing or blending generally requires PSD measurements.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-monitoring-crusher-performance\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-monitoring-crusher-performance\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Monitoring Crusher Performance<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Installing a measurement system after a crusher allows operators to evaluate the material being produced.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Changes in product size may indicate variations in feed characteristics, operating conditions, crusher settings, or equipment wear.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A developing oversize trend can prompt an operator to investigate whether the crusher is producing material outside the desired range.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Where permitted by the equipment and control strategy, measurement data can also be integrated into process control systems to support alarms or automated adjustments.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>However, the measurements do not independently establish the cause of a change. Crusher operating data and other process information are needed to determine the appropriate response.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-screening-and-oversize-detection\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-screening-and-oversize-detection\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Screening and Oversize Detection<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Screening operations present another useful measurement point.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>When a screen wears, becomes damaged, or performs poorly, unexpected material sizes may begin appearing in its output.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Monitoring material downstream of a screen can help identify particles exceeding the intended size limit.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>An alert may allow operators to investigate a developing problem before significant quantities of out-of-spec material enter a stockpile, processing circuit, or finished product stream.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The usefulness of this application depends on the particle sizes involved and whether they can be reliably resolved by the measurement system.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-grinding-circuit-feed-monitoring\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-grinding-circuit-feed-monitoring\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Grinding Circuit Feed Monitoring<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Material size entering an autogenous (AG) or semi-autogenous grinding (SAG) circuit can strongly influence how the mill operates.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Variations in the feed size distribution may affect grinding behaviour, circulating loads, and mill stability.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Measuring material on a conveyor feeding the mill can provide information about these changes and help operators evaluate the relationship between feed characteristics and process performance.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Depending on the operation, these measurements may support decisions involving feed rates, stockpile blending, or advanced process control.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The objective is not necessarily to maintain the smallest possible feed size, but to provide material appropriate for the grinding circuit and its operating conditions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-understanding-changes-across-processing-stages\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-understanding-changes-across-processing-stages\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Understanding Changes Across Processing Stages<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Measurements become particularly informative when results from different processing locations can be compared.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, measurements collected before and after a crusher can help operators understand the relationship between incoming material and the resulting product.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Measurements at several points in a crushing circuit may reveal how changes in one stage influence the material delivered to the next.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Where appropriate, particle size data can also be evaluated alongside throughput, crusher settings, equipment power consumption, and other operating information.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This broader context helps distinguish changes in material characteristics from changes in equipment performance.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-1-start-with-the-process-not-the-measurement\">1. Start with the Process, Not the Measurement<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-2-before-blasting-understanding-the-rock-mass\">2. Before Blasting: Understanding the Rock Mass<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-3-after-blasting-measuring-what-was-produced\">3. After Blasting: Measuring What Was Produced<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-4-from-pit-to-plant-measuring-material-during-haulage\">4. From Pit to Plant: Measuring Material During Haulage<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-5-through-processing-continuous-conveyor-monitoring\">5. Through Processing: Continuous Conveyor Monitoring<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-6-choosing-where-to-measure\">6. Choosing Where to Measure<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-7-periodic-sampling-and-continuous-monitoring\">7. Periodic Sampling and Continuous Monitoring<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-8-turning-measurements-into-process-decisions\">8. Turning Measurements into Process Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-9-case-study-connecting-blast-fragmentation-to-crusher-requirements\">9. Case Study: Connecting Blast Fragmentation to Crusher Requirements<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-10-building-long-term-visibility-across-the-life-of-a-mine\">10. Building Long-Term Visibility Across the Life of a Mine<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-6-choosing-where-to-measure\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-6-choosing-where-to-measure\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. Choosing Where to Measure<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>There is no single ideal measurement location for every operation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The most useful location depends on the material, equipment, operating challenges, and the decisions that measurements are intended to support.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":11209,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Process.gif\" alt=\"An animated diagram of a mining process indicating where WipWare can be used\" class=\"wp-image-11209\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A practical approach is to start with the process question, then identify where the relevant material can be measured.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:table -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><th>Measurement location<\/th><th>What the measurement can help evaluate<\/th><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Pre-blast rock face<\/strong><\/td><td>Geological structure and conditions influencing fragmentation<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Blasted muckpile<\/strong><\/td><td>Blast performance, oversize, PSD, and spatial variability<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Vehicle loads or discharge points<\/strong><\/td><td>Load-to-load variation and material arriving from different sources<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Pre-primary crusher<\/strong><\/td><td>Incoming feed characteristics and material variability<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Post-primary crusher<\/strong><\/td><td>Crusher product size, oversize trends, and performance changes<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Post-secondary or tertiary crusher<\/strong><\/td><td>Product consistency and the effects of crushing adjustments<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Post-screen conveyor<\/strong><\/td><td>Unexpected oversize, screen performance, and product compliance<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Grinding circuit feed<\/strong><\/td><td>Feed size variability, blending decisions, and process stability<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:table -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These locations are not interchangeable. Each answers a different operational question.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-before-or-after-a-crusher\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-before-or-after-a-crusher\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Before or After a Crusher?<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A measurement before a crusher describes the material entering the machine. It can help establish whether variations in feed size may be contributing to changes in performance.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A measurement after the crusher describes the material produced. It can help evaluate whether the output meets the desired requirements and whether the distribution changes over time.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Both measurements can be useful together because they provide information about the relationship between incoming material and the resulting product.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>However, the additional information only creates value when the operation has a reason to use it.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-choosing-the-right-measurement-system\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-choosing-the-right-measurement-system\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Choosing the Right Measurement System<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Selecting a measurement system involves more than determining where it will be installed. The technology must also provide the information needed to support the intended operational decision.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipWare offers different measurement approaches based on how material is presented and what characteristics need to be evaluated.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>WipFrag<\/strong> supports on-demand fragmentation and particle analysis from photographs collected in the field, laboratory, underground, or by UAV.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Reflex<\/strong> provides automated measurements of material in vehicle loads or during discharge, helping operations monitor load-to-load variability.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Solo<\/strong> provides repeated measurements of material on conveyors and process lines, supporting continuous monitoring and process control.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For automated systems, choosing between Basic and Complete configurations depends on the information required.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Basic \u2014 Focused Monitoring<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Solo Basic and Reflex Basic are designed for applications where the primary objective is to monitor maximum particle size or material colour.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, an operation may need to identify oversize material approaching a crusher, detect unexpected particles after screening, or monitor colour changes that could indicate differences in material characteristics.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Where a single measurement can provide the required operational signal, Basic may offer a more appropriate solution than full PSD analysis.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Complete \u2014 Comprehensive Material Analysis<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Solo Complete and Reflex Complete provide full particle size distribution measurements, along with particle shape and colour information. Solo Complete also provides estimated material volume.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These configurations are useful when operations need to understand changes across multiple particle size classes, compare complete distributions, or evaluate material characteristics over time.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Applications include monitoring crusher performance, evaluating grinding circuit feed, comparing material from different sources, and assessing compliance with particle size targets.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-matching-the-measurement-to-the-application\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-matching-the-measurement-to-the-application\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Matching the Measurement to the Application<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A more comprehensive measurement system is not necessarily more useful for every application.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, detecting particles above a defined size limit may require only maximum-size monitoring. By contrast, understanding how a crusher changes the overall particle size distribution generally requires more detailed PSD measurements.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The appropriate system also depends on whether the material can be measured reliably under the proposed installation conditions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Factors such as particle size, visibility, field of view, mounting distance, material movement, and environmental conditions all influence system selection.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The objective is to select the measurement capability that provides useful information for the process, without introducing unnecessary complexity.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-understanding-detectable-particle-size-ranges\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-understanding-detectable-particle-size-ranges\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Understanding Detectable Particle Size Ranges<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>An important consideration when selecting a measurement location is whether the system can reliably distinguish the particle sizes that matter to the operation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For optical conveyor monitoring, the detectable size range depends on camera resolution, lens selection, mounting distance, and field of view. A wider field of view allows the system to observe a larger area of material but reduces the image detail available for identifying smaller particles. A narrower field of view improves resolution for smaller particles but may limit coverage of larger material or the full material stream.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, monitoring coarse primary crusher output on a wide conveyor presents different requirements from measuring smaller material feeding a grinding mill. The appropriate camera configuration must account for both the material size distribution and the physical conditions at the measurement location.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These considerations are particularly important when selecting between maximum-size detection and complete particle size distribution analysis.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For a more detailed explanation, including practical installation examples, see <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/understanding-size-ranges-in-conveyor-belt-analysis\/\"><strong>Understanding Size Ranges in Conveyor Belt Analysis<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-1-start-with-the-process-not-the-measurement\">1. Start with the Process, Not the Measurement<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-2-before-blasting-understanding-the-rock-mass\">2. Before Blasting: Understanding the Rock Mass<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-3-after-blasting-measuring-what-was-produced\">3. After Blasting: Measuring What Was Produced<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-4-from-pit-to-plant-measuring-material-during-haulage\">4. From Pit to Plant: Measuring Material During Haulage<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-5-through-processing-continuous-conveyor-monitoring\">5. Through Processing: Continuous Conveyor Monitoring<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-6-choosing-where-to-measure\">6. Choosing Where to Measure<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-7-periodic-sampling-and-continuous-monitoring\">7. Periodic Sampling and Continuous Monitoring<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-8-turning-measurements-into-process-decisions\">8. Turning Measurements into Process Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-9-case-study-connecting-blast-fragmentation-to-crusher-requirements\">9. Case Study: Connecting Blast Fragmentation to Crusher Requirements<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-10-building-long-term-visibility-across-the-life-of-a-mine\">10. Building Long-Term Visibility Across the Life of a Mine<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-7-periodic-sampling-and-continuous-monitoring\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-7-periodic-sampling-and-continuous-monitoring\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. Periodic Sampling and Continuous Monitoring<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Traditional sieve analysis remains an important method of particle size measurement.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>When properly performed, it provides a physical assessment of the sampled material and can include fractions that are difficult to resolve through optical measurements.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>However, a sample collected periodically represents the material taken at that particular time and location.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>If material characteristics change significantly between samples, those variations may not be captured.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-the-value-of-more-frequent-measurements\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-the-value-of-more-frequent-measurements\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Value of More Frequent Measurements<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Automated monitoring systems repeatedly collect measurements while material moves through the process.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Instead of relying entirely on measurements taken at occasional intervals, operators can observe developing trends, compare operating periods, and identify unexpected changes.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, a crusher may produce material within the desired size range during a scheduled sampling period but experience intermittent oversize events during other operating conditions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A monitoring system can provide additional information about those variations.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Continuous monitoring does not mean that every particle is measured. Optical systems sample visible material at repeated intervals, and their results are influenced by the measurement frequency, installation geometry, and characteristics of the material.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Nevertheless, repeated measurements can reveal patterns that periodic sampling alone may miss.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-why-both-methods-matter\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-why-both-methods-matter\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why Both Methods Matter<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Automated optical measurements and physical sieve analysis provide complementary information.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Sieve analysis can help characterize bulk material and provide reference measurements, while automated systems provide more frequent observations of process behaviour.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Where appropriate, comparative sampling and calibration can help establish relationships between optical measurements and laboratory results.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Rather than treating one method as a replacement for the other, operations can combine them to support a more comprehensive understanding of material size and process variability.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The objective is to collect measurements that are both meaningful and sufficiently representative of the decisions they will inform.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-1-start-with-the-process-not-the-measurement\">1. Start with the Process, Not the Measurement<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-2-before-blasting-understanding-the-rock-mass\">2. Before Blasting: Understanding the Rock Mass<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-3-after-blasting-measuring-what-was-produced\">3. After Blasting: Measuring What Was Produced<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-4-from-pit-to-plant-measuring-material-during-haulage\">4. From Pit to Plant: Measuring Material During Haulage<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-5-through-processing-continuous-conveyor-monitoring\">5. Through Processing: Continuous Conveyor Monitoring<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-6-choosing-where-to-measure\">6. Choosing Where to Measure<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-7-periodic-sampling-and-continuous-monitoring\">7. Periodic Sampling and Continuous Monitoring<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-8-turning-measurements-into-process-decisions\">8. Turning Measurements into Process Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-9-case-study-connecting-blast-fragmentation-to-crusher-requirements\">9. Case Study: Connecting Blast Fragmentation to Crusher Requirements<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-10-building-long-term-visibility-across-the-life-of-a-mine\">10. Building Long-Term Visibility Across the Life of a Mine<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-8-turning-measurements-into-process-decisions\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-8-turning-measurements-into-process-decisions\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">8. Turning Measurements into Process Decisions<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Collecting more data does not automatically improve an operation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The practical value of measurement comes from establishing how the information will be evaluated and what action may be taken when conditions change.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A useful monitoring strategy links three elements:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list {\"ordered\":true,\"start\":1} -->\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Measurement:<\/strong> What material characteristic is being monitored?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Target:<\/strong> What range or condition is considered acceptable?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Response:<\/strong> What should happen when the measurement indicates a meaningful deviation?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ol>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-using-size-limits-and-specification-envelopes\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-using-size-limits-and-specification-envelopes\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Using Size Limits and Specification Envelopes<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A maximum particle size limit may be sufficient when the objective is to detect oversize material that could interfere with downstream equipment.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Other applications require monitoring the overall PSD against a specification envelope.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, a process may require that a particular percentage of material remain within an acceptable size range rather than simply remaining below a maximum size.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Comparing measurements against these limits allows operators to identify whether the material is within specification and how its distribution changes.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The appropriate limits must be established from the requirements of the equipment or process, rather than from general particle size targets.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-from-alerts-to-automation\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-from-alerts-to-automation\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">From Alerts to Automation<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Measurement results can be presented to operators for review, connected to alarms, or incorporated into a plant control system where supported.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipWare's automated systems can communicate measurement data through industrial protocols such as Modbus TCP and OPC UA.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This makes it possible to integrate particle measurements with other operating information used by a PLC, SCADA system, or control strategy.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, detecting a developing oversize condition after a crusher might prompt an operator to review the crusher settings or equipment condition.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>With suitable engineering and safeguards, the measurement could also contribute to an automated control strategy.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>One historical WipWare application at a mining operation in northern Quebec illustrates this approach. The operation needed to control material exceeding approximately 6 inches (150 mm) after primary crushing. Working with Xstrata Process Support (XPS) and a hydraulic toggle supplier, WipWare helped implement a system that identified oversize conditions and communicated with a PLC to support automatic crusher-setting adjustments.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The application demonstrates how particle measurements can become practical control inputs when integrated with appropriate equipment and process safeguards.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The decision to automate should depend on how reliably the measurement represents the process, how quickly a response is needed, and the operating consequences of the proposed adjustment.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The objective is to use measurement as a dependable input to an appropriate operational decision, not to automate simply because data is available.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-1-start-with-the-process-not-the-measurement\">1. Start with the Process, Not the Measurement<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-2-before-blasting-understanding-the-rock-mass\">2. Before Blasting: Understanding the Rock Mass<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-3-after-blasting-measuring-what-was-produced\">3. After Blasting: Measuring What Was Produced<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-4-from-pit-to-plant-measuring-material-during-haulage\">4. From Pit to Plant: Measuring Material During Haulage<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-5-through-processing-continuous-conveyor-monitoring\">5. Through Processing: Continuous Conveyor Monitoring<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-6-choosing-where-to-measure\">6. Choosing Where to Measure<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-7-periodic-sampling-and-continuous-monitoring\">7. Periodic Sampling and Continuous Monitoring<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-8-turning-measurements-into-process-decisions\">8. Turning Measurements into Process Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-9-case-study-connecting-blast-fragmentation-to-crusher-requirements\">9. Case Study: Connecting Blast Fragmentation to Crusher Requirements<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-10-building-long-term-visibility-across-the-life-of-a-mine\">10. Building Long-Term Visibility Across the Life of a Mine<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-9-case-study-connecting-blast-fragmentation-to-crusher-requirements\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-9-case-study-connecting-blast-fragmentation-to-crusher-requirements\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">9. Case Study: Connecting Blast Fragmentation to Crusher Requirements<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A research program at dstgroup's aggregate quarry in Portugal demonstrates how fragmentation measurement can connect blast evaluation with downstream processing requirements.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The research involved WipWare, O-Pitblast, and dstgroup, with the objective of improving the relationship between blasting performance and primary crusher compatibility.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-establishing-a-measurable-baseline\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-establishing-a-measurable-baseline\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Establishing a Measurable Baseline<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The initial phase combined detailed bench topography, blasthole surveys, blast-design simulation, and fragmentation measurement.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Using WipFrag, the researchers evaluated particle size distributions from blasted material and compared the results with the quarry's primary crusher requirements.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A crusher compatibility envelope helped identify material within the desired size range and oversize material requiring additional handling or breaking.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The initial assessments revealed differences between predicted and measured fragmentation, along with variations associated with blast geometry and drilling accuracy.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These findings provided a baseline for evaluating subsequent adjustments.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-evaluating-blast-design-changes\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-evaluating-blast-design-changes\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Evaluating Blast Design Changes<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Later phases of the research investigated changes to blast-design parameters, including stemming properties, subdrilling, drilling accuracy, and initiation timing.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Fragmentation measurements were used to compare the outcomes and evaluate whether the changes brought the material closer to the crusher's desired feed distribution.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The research ultimately demonstrated measurable improvements following targeted blast-design adjustments, including an 11% reduction in D80, a 19% reduction in maximum fragment size, and a 21% improvement in fragmentation efficiency. These changes brought the run-of-mine particle size distribution (PSD) 15% closer to the crusher compatibility envelope.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These results describe the particular conditions and comparisons used in the research, rather than performance improvements that can be assumed at other operations.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":8511,\"width\":\"693px\",\"height\":\"auto\",\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Result-1-1024x684.png\" alt=\"Result Blast comparison with focus blast parameters in blue and blast results in orange\" class=\"wp-image-8511\" style=\"width:693px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-extending-measurement-to-crusher-feed\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-extending-measurement-to-crusher-feed\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Extending Measurement to Crusher Feed<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The research also incorporated automated measurements using Reflex near the primary crusher.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These observations helped evaluate material arriving for processing and provided an additional way to compare the effects of blast-design changes over time. As mentioned above, following the initial blast-design adjustments, the run-of-mine particle size distribution (PSD) moved 15% closer to the crusher compatibility envelope established during the baseline phase.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The significance of the work is not simply that one blast produced smaller fragments.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>It demonstrates a measurement-driven process in which crusher requirements helped define the fragmentation targets, blast outcomes were measured, adjustments were evaluated, and subsequent material characteristics were monitored.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This approach connects the blasting operation with the requirements of downstream equipment rather than treating fragmentation as an isolated blasting result.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For further reading, see the published journal articles <strong><em>A Mine-to-Crusher Framework for Aggregate Operations<\/em><\/strong>: <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/ISEE-37.-Mine-to-Crusher-Framework-for-Quarries-Taiwo.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Part 1<\/strong><\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/391348416_A_Mine-to-Crusher_Framework_for_Aggregate_Operations_-_Part_2\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/391348416_A_Mine-to-Crusher_Framework_for_Aggregate_Operations_-_Part_2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Part 2<\/strong><\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/onemine.org\/documents\/a-mine-to-crusher-framework-for-aggregate-operations-part-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Part 3<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-1-start-with-the-process-not-the-measurement\">1. Start with the Process, Not the Measurement<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-2-before-blasting-understanding-the-rock-mass\">2. Before Blasting: Understanding the Rock Mass<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-3-after-blasting-measuring-what-was-produced\">3. After Blasting: Measuring What Was Produced<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-4-from-pit-to-plant-measuring-material-during-haulage\">4. From Pit to Plant: Measuring Material During Haulage<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-5-through-processing-continuous-conveyor-monitoring\">5. Through Processing: Continuous Conveyor Monitoring<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-6-choosing-where-to-measure\">6. Choosing Where to Measure<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-7-periodic-sampling-and-continuous-monitoring\">7. Periodic Sampling and Continuous Monitoring<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-8-turning-measurements-into-process-decisions\">8. Turning Measurements into Process Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-9-case-study-connecting-blast-fragmentation-to-crusher-requirements\">9. Case Study: Connecting Blast Fragmentation to Crusher Requirements<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-10-building-long-term-visibility-across-the-life-of-a-mine\">10. Building Long-Term Visibility Across the Life of a Mine<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-10-building-long-term-visibility-across-the-life-of-a-mine\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-10-building-long-term-visibility-across-the-life-of-a-mine\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">10. Building Long-Term Visibility Across the Life of a Mine<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Individual measurements provide information about material at a particular time and location.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Their value can grow when results are collected consistently, associated with operating conditions, and compared over longer periods.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>As mining progresses, operations encounter different geological zones, material characteristics, equipment conditions, and processing requirements.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Measurements collected over time can help document these changes and provide a reference for evaluating subsequent performance.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-connecting-measurements-across-stages\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-connecting-measurements-across-stages\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Connecting Measurements Across Stages<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipWare's technologies provide complementary ways to characterize material throughout the mining and processing cycle:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>WipJoint<\/strong> characterizes exposed rock structure before blasting.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>WipFrag<\/strong> evaluates post-blast fragmentation and other accessible material samples.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>BlastCast<\/strong> helps compare measured fragmentation with modelled outcomes and investigate potential design changes.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Reflex<\/strong> provides automated vehicle-load measurements between loading, haulage, and processing.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Solo<\/strong> provides repeated material measurements on conveyors and process lines.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>MailFrag<\/strong> provides specialist-assisted WipFrag analysis where internal analysis resources are limited.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These technologies do not all measure material in the same way, nor do they need to be deployed together to provide value.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Each addresses a different measurement requirement, and the usefulness of combining results depends on appropriate sampling, calibration, consistent reporting, and the operating information available.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, a mine may compare WipFrag measurements from a blast with subsequent Reflex measurements of truckloads leaving that mining area. Solo measurements can then provide information about material entering or leaving a processing stage.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>When these results are associated with their locations, times, sources, and operating conditions, they can help explain how material characteristics change as production progresses.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-evaluating-trends-and-operational-changes\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-evaluating-trends-and-operational-changes\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Evaluating Trends and Operational Changes<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Long-term measurement records can also support comparisons between operating periods.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A mine might evaluate fragmentation before and after a change in blasting practices, examine crusher product size as equipment wears, or compare grinding circuit feed characteristics from different mining areas.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Measurements can be evaluated alongside operating indicators such as throughput, power consumption, equipment settings, maintenance records, and material routing.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This helps engineers investigate whether changes in material characteristics are associated with changes in process performance.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Importantly, fragmentation measurements do not directly quantify energy efficiency, equipment wear, or cost savings. Those outcomes require corresponding operational data.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The value of fragmentation measurement is that it adds material-characterization information to those evaluations, helping operators better understand the conditions influencing performance.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-building-a-consistent-improvement-process\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-building-a-consistent-improvement-process\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Building a Consistent Improvement Process<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A measurement-driven improvement program begins by defining the requirements of the operation and establishing meaningful targets.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Measurements are then collected at selected locations to determine how actual material characteristics compare with those requirements.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>When conditions differ from expectations, the results can be evaluated alongside the corresponding geological, equipment, and operating information.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Changes to blasting, crushing, screening, or other process settings can then be assessed using subsequent measurements.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Over time, this creates a feedback process in which operational decisions are informed by observed material behaviour rather than assumptions alone.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Not every operation needs measurement systems at every stage. A single well-placed system may provide considerable value when it addresses an important operational problem.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Other operations may benefit from combining measurements at several locations to understand how material changes as it moves through production.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>The objective is to establish the right measurements, at the right locations, with a clear purpose for using the results.<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:quote -->\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Published research provides practical examples of how these measurement approaches have been applied across different operations. Studies involving SAG mill control, crusher performance, conveyor monitoring, and blast optimization demonstrate how fragmentation data can contribute to broader evaluations of process performance. Explore these applications in <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipware-fragmentation-monitoring-case-studies\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"11349\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">WipWare Case Studies: Fragmentation and Process Monitoring<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/blockquote>\n<!-- \/wp:quote --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-1-start-with-the-process-not-the-measurement\">1. Start with the Process, Not the Measurement<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-2-before-blasting-understanding-the-rock-mass\">2. Before Blasting: Understanding the Rock Mass<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-3-after-blasting-measuring-what-was-produced\">3. After Blasting: Measuring What Was Produced<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-4-from-pit-to-plant-measuring-material-during-haulage\">4. From Pit to Plant: Measuring Material During Haulage<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-5-through-processing-continuous-conveyor-monitoring\">5. Through Processing: Continuous Conveyor Monitoring<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-6-choosing-where-to-measure\">6. Choosing Where to Measure<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-7-periodic-sampling-and-continuous-monitoring\">7. Periodic Sampling and Continuous Monitoring<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-8-turning-measurements-into-process-decisions\">8. Turning Measurements into Process Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-9-case-study-connecting-blast-fragmentation-to-crusher-requirements\">9. Case Study: Connecting Blast Fragmentation to Crusher Requirements<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-10-building-long-term-visibility-across-the-life-of-a-mine\">10. Building Long-Term Visibility Across the Life of a Mine<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-conclusion\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-conclusion\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Fragmentation affects much more than the immediate results of a blast.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Material characteristics influence loading, haulage, crushing, screening, grinding, and the consistency of downstream processing. Understanding these relationships requires measurements that can be connected to the operating decisions made at each stage.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>From pre-blast rock characterization and fragmentation assessment to automated vehicle-load and conveyor monitoring, WipWare provides complementary technologies for understanding how material changes throughout an operation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Together with appropriate sampling, operating records, and process targets, these measurements can help operations identify variability, evaluate changes, and develop more consistent approaches to process improvement.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Over the life of a mine, the resulting measurement history can provide valuable context for understanding changing material conditions, comparing operating strategies, and informing future decisions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The value is not simply in collecting more information. It is in understanding what the measurements mean and using them to make better-informed decisions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Because you can't manage what you can't measure<\/strong>!<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-1-start-with-the-process-not-the-measurement\">1. Start with the Process, Not the Measurement<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-2-before-blasting-understanding-the-rock-mass\">2. Before Blasting: Understanding the Rock Mass<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-3-after-blasting-measuring-what-was-produced\">3. After Blasting: Measuring What Was Produced<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-4-from-pit-to-plant-measuring-material-during-haulage\">4. From Pit to Plant: Measuring Material During Haulage<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-5-through-processing-continuous-conveyor-monitoring\">5. Through Processing: Continuous Conveyor Monitoring<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-6-choosing-where-to-measure\">6. Choosing Where to Measure<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-7-periodic-sampling-and-continuous-monitoring\">7. Periodic Sampling and Continuous Monitoring<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-8-turning-measurements-into-process-decisions\">8. Turning Measurements into Process Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-9-case-study-connecting-blast-fragmentation-to-crusher-requirements\">9. Case Study: Connecting Blast Fragmentation to Crusher Requirements<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-10-building-long-term-visibility-across-the-life-of-a-mine\">10. Building Long-Term Visibility Across the Life of a Mine<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator {\"anchor\":\"h-related-articles\"} -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" id=\"h-related-articles\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->","post_title":"From Blast to Mill: Using Fragmentation Data to Improve Mining Performance","post_excerpt":"Explore how fragmentation measurements support better decisions from blasting through mineral processing, including rock characterization, crusher feed monitoring, and continuous particle size analysis.","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"evaluating-rock-comminution-from-pre-blast-to-post-blast-and-through-mineral-processing","to_ping":"","pinged":"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/understanding-p80-in-crushing-and-material-processing\/\nhttps:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipjoint-guide\/\nhttps:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/blastcast-guide\/\nhttps:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\nhttps:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipfrag-image-capture-and-sampling-guide\/","post_modified":"2026-10-21 15:43:34","post_modified_gmt":"2026-10-21 19:43:34","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=8503","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"9","filter":"raw"},{"ID":1865,"post_author":"6","post_date":"2018-10-19 15:15:10","post_date_gmt":"2018-10-19 19:15:10","post_content":"<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>In 2018, WipWare founder Tom Palangio contributed his industry experience to <em>Future of Mining with AI: Building the First Steps Towards an Insight-Driven Organization<\/em>, a report developed by <a href=\"https:\/\/www2.deloitte.com\/global\/en.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Deloitte<\/strong><\/a> and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.norcat.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>NORCAT<\/strong><\/a> examining the opportunities and challenges associated with artificial intelligence in mining.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The report explored how mining operations could introduce emerging technologies, overcome barriers to adoption, and make more effective use of operational data.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Drawing on decades of experience in explosives engineering and fragmentation measurement, Palangio discussed the mining industry's traditional reluctance to adopt unfamiliar technologies. New solutions must not only demonstrate technical capability but also address operational risks, implementation costs, and the practical needs of the people using them.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:media-text {\"align\":\"wide\",\"mediaId\":6156,\"mediaLink\":\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/news\/future-of-mining-with-ai\/attachment\/deloitte-norcat-future-of-mining-with-ai\/\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"mediaType\":\"image\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide is-stacked-on-mobile\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Deloitte-NORCAT-Future-of-Mining-with-AI.jpg\" alt=\"Cover of Deloitte and NORCAT's 2018 Future of Mining with AI report\" class=\"wp-image-6156 size-full\"\/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\"><!-- wp:quote -->\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>INDUSTRY CULTURE - Tom Palangio<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><cite>Mining was traditionally perceived as a risky undertaking with uncertain grades, investment volatility and variable metal prices so every opportunity to reduce risk and stay with the proven methods of operation was encouraged. This risk aversion stifled innovation opportunities and many major operations avoided taking the lead in proving empirical performance of new technologies because the up\u2011front costs and the potential failure or risks involved with bleeding edge innovations was considered unwise. WipWare\u2019s approach was to focus on improving the daily experience of frontline workers\u2014including shifting from entirely trial and error practices of the past, where employees attempting to predict the crusher gap often increased equipment downtime. Relying on neural networks, WipWare provides real time material sizing data throughout the mining process that enables automated process control, which improve workers\u2019 abilities to anticipate disruptions in their operations and cut costs through less downtime and extended equipment life.\" (Page 7)<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n<!-- \/wp:quote --><\/div><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:media-text -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>His contribution highlighted an important distinction: collecting more data is not necessarily the same as making better decisions. Measurement becomes valuable when information reaches the people and systems capable of acting on it.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The report also discussed how automated material sizing and other technologies could support more informed process control by helping operations recognize changing conditions and respond accordingly.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-read-the-deloitte-and-norcat-report\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-read-the-deloitte-and-norcat-report\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Read the Deloitte and NORCAT Report<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Read <a href=\"https:\/\/www.deloitte.com\/an\/en\/Industries\/energy\/perspectives\/deloitte-and-norcat.html\"><strong>Future of Mining with AI<\/strong><\/a> through Deloitte's research collection.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For a practical example of how material measurements can inform decisions across mining operations, explore <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/evaluating-rock-comminution-from-pre-blast-to-post-blast-and-through-mineral-processing\/\"><strong>From Blast to Mill: Using Fragmentation Data to Improve Mining Performance<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->","post_title":"Future of Mining with AI","post_excerpt":"WipWare founder Tom Palangio contributed his industry experience to a 2018 Deloitte and NORCAT report examining artificial intelligence, technology adoption, and the future of mining.","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"future-of-mining-with-ai","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/evaluating-rock-comminution-from-pre-blast-to-post-blast-and-through-mineral-processing\/","post_modified":"2026-10-16 16:33:00","post_modified_gmt":"2026-10-16 20:33:00","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"http:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=1865","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":1678,"post_author":"6","post_date":"2018-06-18 12:43:47","post_date_gmt":"2018-06-18 16:43:47","post_content":"<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>At the CIM 2018 in Vancouver, President of <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\">WipWare<\/a><\/strong>, Tom Palangio sat down with Jerrod Downey of <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/crownsmen.com\/\">Crownsmen Partners<\/a><\/strong>. They discussed Automatic Real-Time Fragmentation Analysis and the changes that technology is bringing to the mining industry.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-how-wipware-got-its-name\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-how-wipware-got-its-name\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">How WipWare Got Its Name<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>One of the questions frequently asked is how the name WipWare came about. The \"Wip\" is descended from WIEP, Waterloo Image Enhancement Process, the original development at the University of Waterloo in the 1980s. The WIEP process was simple: Take a picture of broken material and get engineering data from it. Tom and some Waterloo colleagues developed the technology that WipWare uses today in their WipFrag real-time fragmentation analysis software.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Before technology like WipFrag, you\u2019d look at a blast and have to visually try to determine if it was good. Another method was to stop the belt and take a manual sample. Then, wait for the sieve results which could take hours, even days. So, by the time the results came back, they weren't actionable and this was an ineffective method. With WipWare's fragmentation analysis systems and software, you get real-time results immediately to make quantitative decisions to improve your processes.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":6421,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Interview-1-1024x553.jpg\" alt=\"Crownsmen interview panel discussing real-time fragmentation analysis at CIM 2018\" class=\"wp-image-6421\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-cutting-edge-technology\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-cutting-edge-technology\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cutting Edge Technology<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>In the past, \"it has been difficult to introduce new technology into a traditional business\". The mining industry \"hasn't always been receptive to change\". With remote sensing, robotics and automation becoming common technology, WipWare's real-time fragmentation analysis systems and software is on the cutting edge of this new technology.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Now, the mining industry is becoming more receptive to automatic processes. Tom explains, \"Our technology allows you to measure material in real-time. If you're off spec, you can adjust it and it's not disruptive\".&nbsp; Imaging, computer and sensor technology has really improved. Tom states, \"We thought creating the data...was a reason for being...but it's getting the data to the people that can act on it\".<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"\"} -->\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Expanding Fragmentation Measurement<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>By 2018, WipWare had expanded WipFrag onto mobile devices, making fragmentation measurements more accessible outside traditional desktop and laboratory environments.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The interview also explored applications beyond mining, reflecting the broader potential of particle measurement across industries.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For current capabilities and supported platforms, visit the <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/wipfrag\/\"><strong>WipFrag product page<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"\"} -->\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Watch the Interview<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>In this conversation from CIM 2018, Palangio reflects on the development of fragmentation measurement, the mining industry's adoption of automated technologies, and the importance of delivering useful information to people who can act on it.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Watch the full Crownsmen interview below.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:embed {\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=WVDRh9XcNfE\\u0026t=1s\",\"type\":\"video\",\"providerNameSlug\":\"youtube\",\"responsive\":true,\"className\":\"wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=WVDRh9XcNfE&amp;t=1s\n<\/div><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:embed -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>The principles discussed in this 2018 interview continue to guide WipWare's approach to material measurement. While the technologies have evolved, the objective remains the same: provide meaningful information that helps operations understand and improve their processes.<\/em> <em>Explore <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/evaluating-rock-comminution-from-pre-blast-to-post-blast-and-through-mineral-processing\/\"><strong>From Blast to Mill: Using Fragmentation Data to Improve Mining Performance<\/strong><\/a> for a closer look at how fragmentation measurements support decisions throughout mining and mineral processing.<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->","post_title":"Real-Time Fragmentation Analysis Interview with Tom Palangio","post_excerpt":"At CIM 2018, WipWare founder Tom Palangio discussed the origins of WipFrag, the development of automated fragmentation monitoring, and the importance of actionable data in mining.","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"crownsmen-interviews-tom-palangio-at-cim-2018-on-automatic-real-time-fragmentation-analysis","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/evaluating-rock-comminution-from-pre-blast-to-post-blast-and-through-mineral-processing\/","post_modified":"2026-10-16 16:37:30","post_modified_gmt":"2026-10-16 20:37:30","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"http:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=1678","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"1","filter":"raw"},{"ID":1662,"post_author":"6","post_date":"2018-06-11 10:04:47","post_date_gmt":"2018-06-11 14:04:47","post_content":"<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>On May 30, 2018, WipWare welcomed Philippe Galy-Jammou of <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.snf.com\/locations\/fr\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.snf.com\/locations\/fr\/\">SNF France<\/a><\/strong> and Bruno Cote of <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.snf.com\/locations\/ca\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.snf.com\/locations\/ca\/\">SNF Canada<\/a><\/strong> for a demonstration of UAV-based fragmentation analysis using <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/wipfrag\/\" data-type=\"products\" data-id=\"36\">WipFrag<\/a><\/strong> software. WipWare Chief Technical Officer Thomas Palangio and Technical Specialists Kevin Rivard and Marty Wanner demonstrated how drone imagery can be used to measure blast fragmentation and support quantitative assessments of blasted material.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:gallery {\"linkTo\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":6426,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/IMG_0278-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"setting up the drone to fly\" class=\"wp-image-6426\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":6427,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/IMG_0293-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"watching the drone in flight\" class=\"wp-image-6427\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:gallery -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The demonstration highlighted how <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipfrag-image-capture-and-sampling-guide\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"10311\">UAV imagery and WipFrag software<\/a><\/strong> can be used together to assess blast fragmentation. High-resolution aerial photographs can be processed into orthomosaics, allowing larger areas of a blasted muckpile to be measured and analyzed.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>By converting visible fragmentation into quantitative particle size distribution data, WipFrag helps mining operations evaluate blast results, compare fragmentation between blasts, and identify opportunities for optimization.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>SNF Group is an international supplier of specialty chemicals and process solutions, including products used in <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/industries\/mining\/\" data-type=\"industries\" data-id=\"10004\">mineral processing<\/a><\/strong>, water treatment, and tailings management. The visit provided an opportunity to introduce WipWare's fragmentation measurement technology to representatives from SNF's French and Canadian operations.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipWare thanks Philippe and Bruno for their visit and their interest in WipFrag's UAV analysis capabilities.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->","post_title":"SNF Group Visits WipWare for UAV Fragmentation Demonstration","post_excerpt":"WipWare welcomed representatives from SNF France and Canada for a demonstration of WipFrag software and UAV-based fragmentation analysis, showcasing how drone imagery can support blast assessment.","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"snf-group-visits-wipware","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipfrag-image-capture-and-sampling-guide\/","post_modified":"2026-10-20 17:55:15","post_modified_gmt":"2026-10-20 21:55:15","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"http:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=1662","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":698,"post_author":"6","post_date":"2017-11-16 11:27:06","post_date_gmt":"2017-11-16 16:27:06","post_content":"<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>During November 13\u201317, 2017, <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.o-pitblast.com\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.o-pitblast.com\/\">O-Pitblast<\/a><\/strong> delivered technical training at Blaster University covering UAV applications, blast design, fragmentation measurement, and blast optimization. As part of the workshops, Francisco Leite, co-founder of O-Pitblast, demonstrated WipWare's <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/wipfrag\/\" data-type=\"products\" data-id=\"36\">WipFrag<\/a><\/strong> software, introducing participants to digital particle size distribution (PSD) analysis and its applications in evaluating blast fragmentation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The workshops explored the <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipfrag-image-capture-and-sampling-guide\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"10311\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)<\/strong><\/a> for blast and topographic surveying, alongside techniques for fragmentation assessment, blast design, and optimization.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Francisco Leite demonstrated how WipFrag converts photographs of fragmented rock into quantitative particle size distribution (PSD) measurements. These results allow blasting professionals to evaluate fragmentation, compare blast outcomes, and make more informed decisions when reviewing blasting performance.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":6609,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Blaster-University-fragmentation-analysis-1024x1024.jpeg\" alt=\"Students attending Blaster University Workshop at computers\" class=\"wp-image-6609\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The demonstration introduced attendees to practical applications of digital fragmentation measurement within modern <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/blastcast-guide\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"10847\">drilling and blasting<\/a><\/strong> workflows.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>As part of the 2017 workshops, one participant was also offered a complimentary copy of <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/get-wipfrag\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"5292\"><strong>WipFrag for Windows<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipWare thanks Francisco Leite and O-Pitblast for incorporating WipFrag into the Blaster University workshops and introducing its capabilities to industry professionals.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>Explore <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/wipfrag\/\"><strong>WipFrag Image Analysis Software<\/strong><\/a> to learn more about measuring and evaluating blast fragmentation, or consult the <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipfrag-image-capture-and-sampling-guide\/\"><strong>WipFrag Image Capture &amp; Sampling Guide<\/strong><\/a> for practical guidance on collecting representative fragmentation data.<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->","post_title":"O-Pitblast Demonstrates WipFrag Software","post_excerpt":"O-Pitblast demonstrated WipFrag fragmentation analysis software at Blaster University in 2017, introducing participants to digital particle size measurement alongside UAV applications, blast design, and optimization.","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"o-pitblast-demonstrates-wipfrag-software-at-blaster-university-workshop","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipfrag-image-capture-and-sampling-guide\/","post_modified":"2026-10-15 15:24:41","post_modified_gmt":"2026-10-15 19:24:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"http:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=151","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3055,"post_author":"6","post_date":"2019-08-23 10:04:30","post_date_gmt":"2019-08-23 14:04:30","post_content":"<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>On August 14, 2019, WipWare's Marty Wanner visited Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario, to conduct a hands-on fragmentation analysis lab with Bachelor of Mining Engineering Technology students. Working alongside Dr. Takis Katsabanis at the <a href=\"https:\/\/mine.queensu.ca\/\"><strong>Robert M. Buchan Department of Mining<\/strong><\/a>, students explored traditional sieve analysis techniques and compared their results with digital photoanalysis using <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/wipfrag\/\" data-type=\"products\" data-id=\"36\">WipFrag<\/a><\/strong> software.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:gallery {\"linkTo\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":5915,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Manual-sieving-1024x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Traditional sieve analysis at Queen's University\" class=\"wp-image-5915\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":5916,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Takis-and-students-with-manual-sieve-1024x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Traditional sieve analysis at Queen's University\" class=\"wp-image-5916\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:gallery -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The lab included reviewing the WipFrag iOS App and working with WipFrag for Windows. Also, the lab compared the manual sieve analysis results with <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipfrag-results-interpretation-guide\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"10998\">WipFrag's results<\/a><\/strong>. Features and benefits of both processes were discussed, and the features of <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/solo\/\" data-type=\"products\" data-id=\"34\">Solo<\/a><\/strong> and <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/reflex\/\" data-type=\"products\" data-id=\"35\">Reflex<\/a><\/strong> online analysis systems were also reviewed.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:gallery {\"linkTo\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":5919,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Students-working-on-sieve-1024x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5919\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":5918,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Students-workshop-1024x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5918\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:gallery -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Marty very much enjoyed working with the BTech students, learning more about manual sieving techniques, and sharing resources.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->","post_title":"Hands-On WipFrag Lab at Queen's University","post_excerpt":"WipWare introduced mining engineering technology students at Queen's University to WipFrag through a hands-on laboratory session comparing traditional sieve analysis with digital fragmentation measurement.","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"hands-on-lab-at-queens-university","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipfrag-results-interpretation-guide\/","post_modified":"2026-10-14 15:05:37","post_modified_gmt":"2026-10-14 19:05:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"http:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=3055","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":704,"post_author":"6","post_date":"2017-10-10 11:41:41","post_date_gmt":"2017-10-10 15:41:41","post_content":"<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/about-us\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"149\">WipWare<\/a><\/strong> President Tom Palangio attended the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.miningtechnorthamerica.com\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.miningtechnorthamerica.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mines and Technology<\/a> <\/strong>Conference in Toronto, Ontario, from October 2\u20134, 2017, joining mining industry leaders to discuss emerging technologies, innovation, and the challenges of technological change. Palangio chaired the session \"The Culture of Mining and the Challenge of Transition\" and moderated a panel discussion exploring the role of culture and mindset in mining innovation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Participating in the panel were Neil Clegg, Vice President of\u00a0VIR Electric Inc; Peter Kondos, Senior Director of Strategic Technology Solutions with\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.barrick.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Barrick Gold Corporation<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0and Nathan Stubina, Managing Director at\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.mcewenmining.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>McEwen Mining<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":175,\"align\":\"center\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\"><img src=\"http:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/Mines-and-Technology-Tom-Palangio-Attends-Conferenc-October-24-2017-content-300x262.jpg\" alt=\"WipWare President Tom Palangio with Andrew Reese of Endress+Hauser at Mines and Technology 2017\" class=\"wp-image-175\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Tom Palangio and Andrew Reese of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ca.endress.com\/en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Endress + Hauser<\/strong><\/a> Switzerland.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Mines and Technology focuses on a range of topic areas that are of critical interest for the next-generation mine, especially in the areas of digital analytics, data and tracking systems on mines; the role of robotics in future operations and how innovation will be crucial for waste and resource management. It is an ideal event to hear about innovations in mining from the people doing the innovation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->","post_title":"Tom Palangio at the 2017 Mines and Technology Conference","post_excerpt":"WipWare President Tom Palangio participated in the 2017 Mines and Technology Conference in Toronto, chairing a session and moderating a panel discussion on innovation, technology adoption, and cultural change in mining.","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"mines-and-technology-tom-palangio-attends-conference-october-2-4-2017","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2026-10-15 09:58:57","post_modified_gmt":"2026-10-15 13:58:57","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"http:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=173","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":461,"post_author":"6","post_date":"2014-09-23 09:14:32","post_date_gmt":"2014-09-23 13:14:32","post_content":"<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipWare hosted its sold-out fifth annual Training Seminar from September 16\u201319, 2014, at the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.canadianecology.ca\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Canadian Ecology Centre<\/strong><\/a> in <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ontarioparks.com\/park\/samueldechamplain\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Samuel de Champlain Provincial Park<\/strong><\/a> near North Bay, Ontario. Under the theme \"Pit-to-Plant,\" the event brought together mining professionals from Canada and seven other countries to explore the relationship between blasting, fragmentation measurement, mineral processing, and operational optimization. The seminar drew positive reviews from attendees from Australia, South Africa, Netherlands, UK, Brazil, Chile and the USA.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This year's seminar featured prominent speakers highlighting the importance of fragmentation data on both the blasting and processing end of operations in addition to WipWare technical staff outlining software features and automated system maintenance. Guest speakers covered a range of topics starting with an in-depth look at various blasting parameters and some exceptions to the Kuz-Ram model by the renowned Dr. Calvin J. Konya, President of Precision Blasting Services and Director of the Academy for Blasting and Explosives Technology.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"width\":\"300px\",\"height\":\"auto\",\"aspectRatio\":\"1.5\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter is-resized is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"http:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/Pit-to-Plant-a-Hit-content-300x200.png\" alt=\"WipWare Pit-to-Plant training seminar near North Bay, Ontario, in 2014\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.5;width:300px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Dr. Adrian Dance, principal metallurgy consultant at&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.na.srk.com\/en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>SRK Consulting (Canada) Inc.<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;and a leading authority on Mine-to-Mill optimization outlined the justification for increasing drill and blast costs to achieve better fragmentation in terms of cost savings downstream in the milling operations.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Francois Robichaud, metallurgical superintendent at Agnico-Eagle described his experiences using image-based bulk material particle-size-analyzers to evaluate crusher performance and monitor SAG mill feed leading to optimized particle sizes entering their SAG mill resulting in higher throughput and reduced energy costs.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Seminar participants also received hands-on training with WipWare's <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/wipfrag\/\" data-type=\"products\" data-id=\"36\">WipFrag<\/a><\/strong> and Delta software packages, and instruction on installation, use and maintenance of the company's Momentum, <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/reflex\/\" data-type=\"products\" data-id=\"35\">Reflex<\/a><\/strong> and <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/solo\/\" data-type=\"products\" data-id=\"34\">Solo<\/a><\/strong> automated systems.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->","post_title":"WipWare's 2014 Pit-to-Plant Training Seminar","post_excerpt":"WipWare welcomed mining professionals from around the world to its sold-out 2014 Pit-to-Plant Training Seminar, featuring expert presentations on fragmentation, blasting, mine-to-mill optimization, and hands-on technology training.","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"pit-to-plant-a-hit","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2026-10-20 17:37:08","post_modified_gmt":"2026-10-20 21:37:08","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"http:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=461","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3212,"post_author":"6","post_date":"2019-11-28 10:16:44","post_date_gmt":"2019-11-28 15:16:44","post_content":"<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>On November 21, 2019, WipWare Technical Specialist Thomas de Sousa conducted a hands-on <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/wipfrag\/\" data-type=\"products\" data-id=\"36\"><strong>WipFrag<\/strong><\/a> workshop for third-year mining engineering students at Queen's University, introducing students to fragmentation measurement through traditional sieve analysis and digital photoanalysis.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"left\"}}} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">During the workshop, the students performed two shaker sieve analyses. Once completed, the students compared them to the photoanalysis results using WipFrag. <\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:gallery {\"linkTo\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":5615,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Adding-scale-resized.png\" alt=\"Queen's University mining engineering students participating in a WipFrag fragmentation analysis workshop\" class=\"wp-image-5615\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":5616,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/classroom-resized.png\" alt=\"Queen's University mining engineering students participating in a WipFrag fragmentation analysis workshop\" class=\"wp-image-5616\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":5617,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Tommy-resized.png\" alt=\"Queen's University mining engineering students participating in a WipFrag fragmentation analysis workshop\" class=\"wp-image-5617\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:gallery -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The goal of this workshop was to demonstrate the accuracy, effectiveness, and efficiency of WipFrag to the students so that it can benefit them during their studies and their career.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Thank you to Dr. Takis Katsabanis, Associate Professor in Mining Engineering at Queen's University, for hosting this workshop and giving WipWare the opportunity to show our WipFrag software to the students.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->","post_title":"WipFrag Workshop at Queen's University for Mining Engineering Students","post_excerpt":"WipWare introduced third-year mining engineering students at Queen's University to WipFrag through a hands-on workshop comparing traditional sieve analysis with digital fragmentation measurement.","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"queens-university-workshop-for-3rd-year-mining-engineering-students","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2026-10-20 17:54:17","post_modified_gmt":"2026-10-20 21:54:17","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"http:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=3212","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3025,"post_author":"6","post_date":"2019-07-17 09:00:01","post_date_gmt":"2019-07-17 13:00:01","post_content":"<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>In July 2019, WipWare conducted a two-day <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/wipfrag\/\" data-type=\"products\" data-id=\"36\">WipFrag<\/a><\/strong> training workshop in Elizabethtown, Kentucky, hosted by <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/austinpowder.com\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/austinpowder.com\/\">Austin Powder<\/a><\/strong> and organized with <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/haydonmaterials.com\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/haydonmaterials.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Haydon Materials<\/a><\/strong>. The workshop brought together new and experienced users for hands-on instruction in fragmentation analysis, combining classroom training with practical demonstrations at a local <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/industries\/aggregates\/\" data-type=\"industries\" data-id=\"10058\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">quarry<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The two-day workshop introduced participants to the capabilities of WipFrag fragmentation analysis software for Windows and iOS. New and existing users explored techniques for collecting representative fragmentation data, analyzing particle size distributions, and evaluating blast results.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The training also demonstrated how WipFrag can support more consistent fragmentation measurement, providing quantitative information for comparing blasting performance and identifying opportunities for improvement.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:gallery {\"linkTo\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":5938,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Outside-demonstration-3-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"WipFrag fragmentation analysis training at a Kentucky quarry hosted by Austin Powder\" class=\"wp-image-5938\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":5936,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Training-8-in-class-1-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"WipFrag fragmentation analysis training at a Kentucky quarry hosted by Austin Powder\" class=\"wp-image-5936\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:gallery -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>As part of the workshop, the WipWare team visited a local quarry to demonstrate WipFrag's field applications and the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), or \"drones,\" for blast fragmentation assessment.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Participants learned how drone imagery can be processed into orthomosaics and analyzed using WipFrag. This approach allows larger areas of exposed blasted material to be assessed, complementing conventional ground-level photographs and supporting more representative fragmentation sampling.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The demonstration gave attendees an opportunity to explore practical image collection techniques and better understand how quantitative fragmentation measurements can support blasting decisions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipWare thanks Austin Powder and Haydon Materials for their hospitality and participation in the workshop, as well as the attendees for their enthusiasm and interest in WipFrag technology.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>Explore <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/wipfrag\/\" data-type=\"products\" data-id=\"36\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">WipFrag Image Analysis Software<\/a><\/strong> for modern fragmentation measurement capabilities, or consult the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipfrag-image-capture-and-sampling-guide\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"10311\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">WipFrag Image Capture &amp; Sampling Guide<\/a><\/strong> for practical guidance on collecting reliable fragmentation data in the field and with UAVs.<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->","post_title":"WipFrag Training at Austin Powder in Kentucky","post_excerpt":"WipWare delivered a two-day WipFrag training workshop hosted by Austin Powder in Kentucky, combining classroom instruction with hands-on quarry demonstrations of UAV-based blast fragmentation analysis.","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"wipfrag-training-at-austin-powder","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipfrag-image-capture-and-sampling-guide\/","post_modified":"2026-10-15 15:04:52","post_modified_gmt":"2026-10-15 19:04:52","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"http:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=3025","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":7938,"post_author":"6","post_date":"2025-04-25 12:51:15","post_date_gmt":"2025-04-25 16:51:15","post_content":"<!-- wp:paragraph {\"anchor\":\"h-\"} -->\n<p id=\"h-\">In crushing and mineral processing, particle size distribution (PSD) is an important measure of how material behaves as it moves through an operation. One of the most widely used indicators is <strong>P80<\/strong>, which describes the particle size at which 80% of the material passes.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>P80 helps engineers evaluate crushing and grinding performance, establish product size targets, and understand how material characteristics change between processing stages. However, it is only one part of the particle size distribution, and its usefulness depends on how it is measured and applied.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-what-is-p80\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-what-is-p80\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">What Is P80?<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>P80 is the particle size at which 80% of the material passes, typically expressed as a percentage of mass.<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, if crushed ore has a P80 of 120 mm:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Approximately 80% of the material, by mass, is smaller than 120 mm.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Approximately 20% is larger than 120 mm.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A smaller P80 generally indicates a finer material distribution, while a larger P80 indicates a coarser distribution.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>P80 is determined from the cumulative particle size distribution curve, which shows the percentage of material passing at different particle sizes.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-p80-f80-and-d80-what-s-the-difference\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-p80-f80-and-d80-what-s-the-difference\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">P80, F80, and D80: What's the Difference?<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These terms describe closely related measurements, but they are commonly used in different contexts.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:table {\"hasFixedLayout\":false} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><th>Term<\/th><th>Meaning<\/th><th>Common application<\/th><\/tr><tr><td><strong>P80<\/strong><\/td><td>80% passing size of a process <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>p<\/strong><\/span>roduct<\/td><td>Crusher or grinding circuit output<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>F80<\/strong><\/td><td>80% passing size of a process <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>f<\/strong><\/span>eed<\/td><td>Material entering a crusher or grinding mill<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>D80<\/strong><\/td><td>80% passing size of a particle size <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>d<\/strong><\/span>istribution<\/td><td>General fragmentation analysis and material characterization<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:table -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, if material enters a crusher with an F80 of 300 mm and leaves with a P80 of 75 mm, the 80% passing size has decreased by a factor of four.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipWare's <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/wipfrag\/\"><strong>WipFrag<\/strong><\/a> software generally reports percentile sizes using D-values, including D50, D80, and D95. D80 represents the same percentile as P80, although comparisons between measurement methods must account for their sampling and analysis approaches.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For more information on reading D-values and particle size distribution curves, see the <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipfrag-results-interpretation-guide\/\"><strong>WipFrag Results Interpretation Guide<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-how-is-p80-determined\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-how-is-p80-determined\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">How Is P80 Determined?<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>P80 is obtained from a particle size distribution. The measurement method depends on the material, particle sizes, and operating conditions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-sieve-analysis\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-sieve-analysis\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sieve Analysis<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>In conventional sieve analysis, a representative material sample is passed through a series of sieves with progressively smaller openings.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The material retained at each size is weighed, and the cumulative percentage passing is calculated. P80 is the size corresponding to 80% passing on the resulting distribution.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Sieve analysis provides a direct mass-based measurement but may require material collection, handling, and laboratory processing.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-image-based-particle-size-analysis\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-image-based-particle-size-analysis\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Image-Based Particle Size Analysis<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Image-based methods estimate particle size distributions by identifying and measuring particles visible in digital images.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipWare technologies support several measurement approaches:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/wipfrag\/\"><strong>WipFrag<\/strong><\/a> analyzes photographs collected in the field, laboratory, underground, or by UAV.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/reflex\/\"><strong>Reflex<\/strong><\/a> provides automated measurements of vehicle loads or material during discharge.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/solo\/\"><strong>Solo<\/strong><\/a> provides repeated measurements of material moving on conveyors and process lines.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The Complete configurations of Solo and Reflex provide PSD measurements, while their Basic configurations focus on maximum particle size and colour monitoring.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Unlike physical sieving, optical measurements are derived from visible particles and associated size-estimation methods. Particles that are buried, obscured, or too small to resolve cannot be directly measured from the image.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Where appropriate, calibration and representative physical sampling can help relate optical results to the overall material distribution.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-why-is-p80-important-in-crushing-and-mineral-processing\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-why-is-p80-important-in-crushing-and-mineral-processing\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why Is P80 Important in Crushing and Mineral Processing?<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":7939,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/On-Spec-Blast-1024x623.jpg\" alt=\"Chart showing PSD analysis\ncrushing and grinding, mineral processing\" class=\"wp-image-7939\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-1-crusher-performance-and-product-size-control\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-1-crusher-performance-and-product-size-control\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Crusher Performance and Product Size Control<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Crushers are designed to reduce material to sizes suitable for downstream equipment.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Monitoring P80 can help operations evaluate whether crusher output is becoming coarser or finer, compare performance under different operating conditions, and assess the effect of changes to crusher settings.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, a change in P80 following an adjustment to a crusher's closed-side setting (CSS) may indicate a change in product size.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>However, P80 alone does not establish whether material is suitable for the next process. A relatively small proportion of oversized particles may still cause problems even when the overall P80 meets its target.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Maximum particle size, higher percentile sizes, and the percentage of material above specific thresholds may therefore be equally important.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-2-grinding-circuit-efficiency\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-2-grinding-circuit-efficiency\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Grinding Circuit Efficiency<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>In grinding circuits, the relationship between feed size and product size helps determine the energy required for size reduction.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A common expression of this relationship is the Bond equation:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>W = 10 \u00d7 Wi \u00d7 (1\/\u221aP80 \u2212 1\/\u221aF80)<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Where:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>W<\/strong> is the estimated specific energy required, typically in kWh\/t.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Wi<\/strong> is the Bond Work Index.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>F80<\/strong> is the 80% passing size of the feed.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>P80<\/strong> is the 80% passing size of the product.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>In the conventional form of the equation, F80 and P80 are expressed in micrometres (\u00b5m).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The Bond Work Index is determined through standardized testing or other appropriate characterization methods; it is not calculated from F80 and P80 alone. The equation provides an estimate of grinding energy requirements, and practical applications may require additional correction factors.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The accuracy of grinding energy estimates also depends on the Bond Work Index used. Sample preparation, particle size, and testing methodology can influence its determination. Nikoli\u0107 and Trumi\u0107 (2021) examined these considerations for finer samples, highlighting the importance of appropriate methods when determining the Bond Work Index.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Generally, producing a finer product from the same feed requires additional grinding energy. The objective is therefore not always to minimize P80, but to achieve the particle size needed for the subsequent process without unnecessary energy consumption.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-3-mineral-liberation-and-recovery\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-3-mineral-liberation-and-recovery\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Mineral Liberation and Recovery<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Many mineral processing operations require valuable minerals to be sufficiently liberated from surrounding material before separation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>If grinding produces material that is too coarse, valuable minerals may remain locked within larger particles. If material is ground more finely than necessary, additional energy is consumed, and excessive fines may create problems for some separation processes.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The appropriate P80 depends on the ore's mineralogy, liberation characteristics, and downstream processing requirements.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>P80 provides a useful operating reference, but it does not directly measure mineral liberation or recovery.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-4-crusher-feed-compatibility-and-throughput\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-4-crusher-feed-compatibility-and-throughput\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Crusher Feed Compatibility and Throughput<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Material entering each processing stage must be suitable for the equipment receiving it.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Coarse or highly variable feed can affect crusher loading, throughput, and equipment performance. Conversely, excessive fines or material outside the preferred feed distribution can also influence how effectively equipment operates.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Monitoring feed size distributions helps identify changing conditions before they become persistent processing problems.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>P80 is useful for tracking the general coarseness of the feed, while additional PSD measurements can help identify problematic oversize or fines.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-5-process-control-and-optimization\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-5-process-control-and-optimization\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Process Control and Optimization<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Repeated particle size measurements can help operations understand whether material is remaining within an acceptable operating range.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Depending on the process, the information may support:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Evaluation of crusher setting adjustments.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Monitoring of crusher feed and discharge conditions.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Identification of changes in screening performance.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Assessment of grinding circuit feed variability.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Comparison of material from different sources or operating periods.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For suitable conveyor applications, <strong>Solo Complete<\/strong> provides automated PSD measurements that can be used to monitor P80 and other particle size indicators as material moves through the process.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For an explanation of how fragmentation measurements can be applied across multiple processing stages, see <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/evaluating-rock-comminution-from-pre-blast-to-post-blast-and-through-mineral-processing\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>From Blast to Mill: Using Fragmentation Data to Improve Mining Performance<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Published studies have also examined how particle size measurements relate to crusher productivity, grinding performance, and process stability. For practical examples of these applications, see <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipware-fragmentation-monitoring-case-studies\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"11349\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">WipWare Case Studies: Fragmentation and Process Monitoring<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-how-does-p80-change-between-process-stages\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-how-does-p80-change-between-process-stages\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">How Does P80 Change Between Process Stages?<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>P80 can be measured at several locations within a crushing and grinding circuit, but there is no universal target for every stage.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:table -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><th>Process stage<\/th><th>How P80 can be used<\/th><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Primary crushing<\/strong><\/td><td>Evaluate coarse product size and changes in crusher performance<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Secondary crushing<\/strong><\/td><td>Monitor additional size reduction and downstream feed consistency<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Tertiary crushing<\/strong><\/td><td>Assess finer product size and compliance with process requirements<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Grinding mill feed<\/strong><\/td><td>Characterize incoming material and changes in feed size<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Grinding circuit product<\/strong><\/td><td>Evaluate whether the material has reached the required fineness for downstream processing<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:table -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The appropriate size range depends on equipment design, material properties, and the intended product.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Just as importantly, the measurement technology must be suitable for the relevant particle sizes.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, automated optical analysis of coarse material on a conveyor has different measurement requirements from evaluating a finely ground product containing particles measured in micrometres.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>See <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/understanding-size-ranges-in-conveyor-belt-analysis\/\"><strong>Understanding Size Ranges in Conveyor Belt Analysis<\/strong><\/a> for an explanation of how field of view, camera resolution, and installation geometry influence detectable particle sizes.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":7940,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Solo-6-frame-564x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Conveyor analysis system over a conveyor belt\ncrushing and grinding\nmineral processing\" class=\"wp-image-7940\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-factors-that-influence-p80\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-factors-that-influence-p80\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Factors That Influence P80<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Particle size distribution can change for many reasons, including variations in the material itself and adjustments to the process.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Important influences include rock hardness and geological characteristics, blast fragmentation, crusher settings, equipment wear, feed rate, screening performance, and operating conditions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For mining operations, variation can begin before material enters the processing plant. Changes in geology or blasting conditions may influence the size distribution delivered to the primary crusher.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Our guide to <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\"><strong>Understanding Rock Blasting and Fragmentation<\/strong><\/a> explores the conditions and blast-design variables that influence the initial fragmentation of rock.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Because these factors can interact, a change in P80 should be treated as an indication that the material distribution has changed\u2014not automatic proof of a particular cause.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-why-p80-should-not-be-used-alone\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-why-p80-should-not-be-used-alone\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why P80 Should Not Be Used Alone<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Although P80 is an important measurement, two materials with the same P80 can have substantially different particle size distributions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>One may contain more fines, while another may have a greater concentration of oversized particles.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For more complete process evaluation, P80 can be considered alongside:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Other percentile sizes<\/strong>, such as D50 or D95.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Maximum particle size<\/strong>, especially where oversize presents a risk.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Percentage passing or retained at a defined size<\/strong>, such as a screen opening or process threshold.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>The complete PSD curve<\/strong>, including changes in distribution shape.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Specification envelopes<\/strong>, where the process has defined acceptable particle size limits.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The appropriate combination depends on what the operation needs to control.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, a crusher may require a maximum feed size limit in addition to an acceptable P80 range. A grinding circuit may need to monitor both overall feed coarseness and changes in fines content.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The most useful measurements are those that connect directly to an operational decision.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-conclusion\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-conclusion\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>P80 provides a practical way to describe and compare particle size distributions throughout crushing and mineral processing.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>It helps operations evaluate size reduction, establish process targets, monitor material variability, and understand the relationship between feed characteristics and downstream requirements.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>However, an appropriate P80 is not necessarily the smallest achievable value. It is the value that supports the requirements of the process.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>When combined with other PSD measurements, representative sampling, and relevant operating information, P80 becomes a more useful indicator of process performance.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipWare provides tools for measuring particle size distribution through field analysis, vehicle monitoring, and automated conveyor measurement.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Explore our <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/\"><strong>measurement technologies<\/strong><\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/contact\/\"><strong>contact WipWare<\/strong><\/a> to discuss the particle size measurements most relevant to your operation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-references\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-references\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">References<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Nikoli\u0107, V., &amp; Trumi\u0107, M. (2021). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mineng.2021.106858\">A new approach to the calculation of Bond work index for finer samples<\/a>. <em>Minerals Engineering, 165<\/em>, 106858.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->","post_title":"Understanding P80 in Crushing and Material Processing","post_excerpt":"Understand what P80 means, how it is determined, and why this important particle size measurement is used to evaluate crushing, grinding, and mineral processing performance.","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"understanding-p80-in-crushing-and-material-processing","to_ping":"","pinged":"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/understanding-size-ranges-in-conveyor-belt-analysis\/\nhttps:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipfrag-results-interpretation-guide\/\nhttps:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/evaluating-rock-comminution-from-pre-blast-to-post-blast-and-through-mineral-processing\/\nhttps:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipware-fragmentation-monitoring-case-studies\/","post_modified":"2026-10-21 15:50:50","post_modified_gmt":"2026-10-21 19:50:50","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=7938","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"3","filter":"raw"},{"ID":11197,"post_author":"20","post_date":"2026-10-15 16:47:38","post_date_gmt":"2026-10-15 20:47:38","post_content":"<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"width\":\"100%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\" style=\"flex-basis:100%\"><!-- wp:post-excerpt {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fill\",\"flexSize\":null},\"typography\":{\"fontStyle\":\"italic\",\"fontWeight\":\"700\"}}} \/-->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"20px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"20px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns\"><!-- wp:column {\"width\":\"100%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\" style=\"flex-basis:100%\"><!-- wp:yoast-seo\/table-of-contents {\"maxHeadingLevel\":2} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-yoast-seo-table-of-contents yoast-table-of-contents\"><h2>Table of contents<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"#h-1-how-explosive-blasting-breaks-rock\" data-level=\"2\">1. How Explosive Blasting Breaks Rock<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-2-rock-properties-and-geological-influences\" data-level=\"2\">2. Rock Properties and Geological Influences<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-3-understanding-blast-geometry\" data-level=\"2\">3. Understanding Blast Geometry<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-4-explosive-energy-distribution-and-confinement\" data-level=\"2\">4. Explosive Energy Distribution and Confinement<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-5-how-excessive-burden-affects-fragmentation\" data-level=\"2\">5. How Excessive Burden Affects Fragmentation<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-6-drilling-accuracy-and-blast-execution\" data-level=\"2\">6. Drilling Accuracy and Blast Execution<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-7-what-determines-successful-blast-fragmentation\" data-level=\"2\">7. What Determines Successful Blast Fragmentation?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-8-measuring-and-evaluating-blast-fragmentation\" data-level=\"2\">8. Measuring and Evaluating Blast Fragmentation<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-9-from-fragmentation-measurement-to-blast-optimization\" data-level=\"2\">9. From Fragmentation Measurement to Blast Optimization<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-conclusion\" data-level=\"2\">Conclusion<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-references\" data-level=\"2\">References<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:yoast-seo\/table-of-contents --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Rock blasting is an essential part of mining, quarrying, and construction. By using explosives to break large volumes of rock into manageable fragments, operations can excavate, transport, crush, and process material more efficiently.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>However, successful blasting involves more than simply breaking rock. The resulting fragmentation must also meet the requirements of the equipment and processes that follow. Material that is too coarse may cause problems during loading or crushing, while excessive fines can introduce other handling and processing challenges.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The size and distribution of rock fragments depend on several interconnected factors, including rock properties, explosive characteristics, blast geometry, drilling accuracy, and initiation timing.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Understanding these relationships, and measuring the results, provides the foundation for improving blasting performance.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-1-how-explosive-blasting-breaks-rock\">1. How Explosive Blasting Breaks Rock<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-2-rock-properties-and-geological-influences\">2. Rock Properties and Geological Influences<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-3-understanding-blast-geometry\">3. Understanding Blast Geometry<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-4-explosive-energy-distribution-and-confinement\">4. Explosive Energy Distribution and Confinement<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-5-how-excessive-burden-affects-fragmentation\">5. How Excessive Burden Affects Fragmentation<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-6-drilling-accuracy-and-blast-execution\">6. Drilling Accuracy and Blast Execution<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-7-what-determines-successful-blast-fragmentation\">7. What Determines Successful Blast Fragmentation?<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-8-measuring-and-evaluating-blast-fragmentation\">8. Measuring and Evaluating Blast Fragmentation<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-9-from-fragmentation-measurement-to-blast-optimization\">9. From Fragmentation Measurement to Blast Optimization<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-references\">References<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-1-how-explosive-blasting-breaks-rock\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-1-how-explosive-blasting-breaks-rock\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. How Explosive Blasting Breaks Rock<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>When an explosive charge detonates inside a blasthole, it releases energy that generates intense pressure and stress waves in the surrounding rock.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The interaction between these forces, expanding explosive gases, and the physical properties of the rock causes fractures to develop and fragments to separate.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Rock breakage is generally understood as a combination of several mechanisms.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:gallery {\"linkTo\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":7355,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/5-Figure2-1.png\" alt=\"sketch showing blasthole and joint fissures and damage bound\" class=\"wp-image-7355\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":7357,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Crushed-and-cracked-zones-around-the-explosion-point_W640.jpg\" alt=\"Sketch shows crushed zone from an explosion\" class=\"wp-image-7357\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-caption wp-element-caption\"><em>Diagrams from Shadab Far et al., 2019<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:gallery -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-shock-waves-and-initial-fracturing\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-shock-waves-and-initial-fracturing\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Shock Waves and Initial Fracturing<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Detonation generates a high-pressure shock wave that travels outward from the blasthole.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Immediately surrounding the charge, pressure can exceed the rock's compressive strength, creating a relatively small crushed zone. Beyond this zone, the shock wave weakens into a stress wave that travels through the surrounding rock mass.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These stresses can initiate new fractures, extend existing cracks, and weaken the rock structure.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The extent of fracturing depends on the characteristics of the explosive, the strength and structure of the rock, and how the energy travels through the material.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-tensile-fracturing-and-free-faces\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-tensile-fracturing-and-free-faces\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tensile Fracturing and Free Faces<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Although rock can withstand considerable compressive stress, it is generally much weaker under tension.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>When a compressive stress wave reaches a free face, such as the exposed wall of a quarry bench, part of the wave reflects as a tensile wave.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>If the resulting tensile stress exceeds the rock's tensile strength, fractures can develop.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This mechanism can contribute to <em>spalling<\/em>, where layers of rock separate near a free surface.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Early research by Hino (1956) described how reflected stress waves could contribute to successive layers of fracture formation. This helped establish an important part of the theoretical understanding of explosive rock breakage.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>However, tensile-wave reflection is only one mechanism involved in blasting. Existing joints, bedding planes, expanding gases, and rock movement also play important roles in determining the final fragmentation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-expanding-gases-and-rock-movement\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-expanding-gases-and-rock-movement\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Expanding Gases and Rock Movement<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Following detonation, high-pressure explosive gases can enter fractures and force them farther apart.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>As these fractures expand, portions of the rock mass separate and begin moving toward available free faces.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Additional breakage may occur as rock fragments bend, separate, collide, and interact with surrounding material.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The combined action of stress waves, gas pressure, and rock movement determines how effectively the rock mass breaks apart.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>The important distinction is that blasting must accomplish two things: fracture the rock and provide sufficient movement for the fragments to separate.<\/strong> A blast can generate extensive cracking yet still produce poor results if the rock is too confined to move effectively.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-1-how-explosive-blasting-breaks-rock\">1. How Explosive Blasting Breaks Rock<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-2-rock-properties-and-geological-influences\">2. Rock Properties and Geological Influences<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-3-understanding-blast-geometry\">3. Understanding Blast Geometry<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-4-explosive-energy-distribution-and-confinement\">4. Explosive Energy Distribution and Confinement<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-5-how-excessive-burden-affects-fragmentation\">5. How Excessive Burden Affects Fragmentation<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-6-drilling-accuracy-and-blast-execution\">6. Drilling Accuracy and Blast Execution<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-7-what-determines-successful-blast-fragmentation\">7. What Determines Successful Blast Fragmentation?<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-8-measuring-and-evaluating-blast-fragmentation\">8. Measuring and Evaluating Blast Fragmentation<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-9-from-fragmentation-measurement-to-blast-optimization\">9. From Fragmentation Measurement to Blast Optimization<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-references\">References<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-2-rock-properties-and-geological-influences\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-2-rock-properties-and-geological-influences\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Rock Properties and Geological Influences<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The characteristics of the rock mass strongly influence blasting performance.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Two blasts using similar drilling patterns and explosive loading can produce very different fragmentation when the geological conditions change.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-rock-strength-and-density\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-rock-strength-and-density\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Rock Strength and Density<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Rock strength influences the stresses required to initiate and extend fractures.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Stronger rock may resist breakage more effectively, while differences in density and elastic properties affect how stress waves propagate through the material.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These properties must be considered alongside the explosive energy and geometry of the blast.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-joints-faults-and-bedding-planes\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-joints-faults-and-bedding-planes\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Joints, Faults, and Bedding Planes<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Most rock masses contain natural discontinuities, including joints, faults, fractures, and bedding planes.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These features influence how the rock breaks because they form existing boundaries or weaknesses within the material.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>In some cases, discontinuities assist fragmentation by providing surfaces along which the rock can separate.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>In others, their spacing, orientation, or condition can contribute to large blocks, uneven fragmentation, or undesirable rock movement.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, widely spaced joints may allow large sections of rock to remain intact even when the surrounding material fractures more extensively.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-geological-variability\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-geological-variability\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Geological Variability<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Geological conditions are rarely uniform across an entire blast.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Changes in rock strength, weathering, joint spacing, and structural orientation can produce different fragmentation results within the same drilling pattern.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This variability is important when evaluating blasting performance. An area containing large fragments may indicate a design or drilling problem, but it may also reflect differences in the rock itself.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Understanding the rock mass before blasting helps establish realistic expectations and provides valuable context when reviewing the results.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-characterizing-rock-structure-with-wipjoint\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-characterizing-rock-structure-with-wipjoint\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Characterizing Rock Structure with WipJoint<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>To better understand geological conditions before blasting, WipFrag includes <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipjoint-guide\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"10940\">WipJoint<\/a><\/strong>, a tool for characterizing rock structure from photographs of exposed rock faces. WipJoint measures apparent joint orientation, spacing, and persistence, along with estimated Rock Quality Designation (RQD) and apparent in-situ block size.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These measurements help identify variations in rock structure across a bench or excavation, providing valuable context when evaluating blast performance. By comparing pre-blast rock characteristics with post-blast fragmentation, operations can better distinguish the influence of geological conditions from blast design and execution.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-1-how-explosive-blasting-breaks-rock\">1. How Explosive Blasting Breaks Rock<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-2-rock-properties-and-geological-influences\">2. Rock Properties and Geological Influences<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-3-understanding-blast-geometry\">3. Understanding Blast Geometry<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-4-explosive-energy-distribution-and-confinement\">4. Explosive Energy Distribution and Confinement<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-5-how-excessive-burden-affects-fragmentation\">5. How Excessive Burden Affects Fragmentation<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-6-drilling-accuracy-and-blast-execution\">6. Drilling Accuracy and Blast Execution<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-7-what-determines-successful-blast-fragmentation\">7. What Determines Successful Blast Fragmentation?<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-8-measuring-and-evaluating-blast-fragmentation\">8. Measuring and Evaluating Blast Fragmentation<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-9-from-fragmentation-measurement-to-blast-optimization\">9. From Fragmentation Measurement to Blast Optimization<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-references\">References<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-3-understanding-blast-geometry\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-3-understanding-blast-geometry\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Understanding Blast Geometry<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Blast geometry describes how blastholes are positioned relative to one another, the rock mass, and available free faces.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Several parameters work together to determine how effectively explosive energy is distributed and how the rock can fracture and move.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":11198,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Blast-Bench-Diagram.png\" alt=\"Diagram of surface blasting variables\" class=\"wp-image-11198\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-burden-and-spacing\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-burden-and-spacing\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Burden and Spacing<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Burden<\/strong> is the distance between a blasthole and the nearest effective free face, measured in the intended direction of rock movement.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For the first row of a bench blast, this generally refers to the distance from the blasthole to the exposed bench face.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For subsequent rows, burden is associated with the distance to the preceding row or effective free face as the blast progresses.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Spacing<\/strong> is the distance between adjacent blastholes within a row.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Together, burden and spacing influence the volume of rock assigned to each blasthole and how the effects of neighbouring charges interact.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>If burden or spacing is excessive, some sections of rock may not fracture or move as intended. If they are insufficient, undesirable energy concentrations or excessive displacement may occur.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The objective is to establish a suitable relationship between the rock volume, explosive energy, available relief, and desired fragmentation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-bench-height\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-bench-height\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Bench Height<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Bench height is the vertical distance between the upper and lower working levels of a bench.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>It influences blast geometry, the length of the blastholes, and the movement of the broken rock.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>One commonly used geometric consideration is the <strong>burden stiffness ratio<\/strong>, expressed as bench height divided by burden.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This relationship helps describe the proportions of a bench relative to the rock mass that must move toward the free face.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Relatively low stiffness ratios can indicate more difficult conditions for effective rock movement and fragmentation, while higher ratios may offer more favourable relief under suitable conditions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>However, the ratio is not a universal predictor of fragmentation quality. Geological conditions, drilling accuracy, explosive distribution, and initiation timing remain important.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-blasthole-diameter\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-blasthole-diameter\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Blasthole Diameter<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Blasthole diameter influences the amount of explosive that can be placed within a hole and how that energy is distributed through the surrounding rock.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Larger holes generally accommodate greater explosive quantities per unit length, but this does not automatically produce better fragmentation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Hole diameter must be considered alongside burden, spacing, bench height, rock properties, and the requirements of the operation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-subdrilling-and-toe-breakage\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-subdrilling-and-toe-breakage\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Subdrilling and Toe Breakage<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The <em>toe<\/em> is the rock near the bottom of a bench that must be broken to achieve the intended excavation level.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>In some blast designs, blastholes extend below the planned excavation floor. This additional depth is known as <strong>subdrilling<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Its purpose is to help provide adequate breakage near the toe, where rock movement may be particularly restricted.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Insufficient toe breakage can leave hard, unbroken rock that interferes with excavation and subsequent bench preparation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>However, the appropriate amount of subdrilling depends on geological conditions and the overall blast design. Excessive subdrilling can also create unwanted damage below the intended excavation level.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Blast geometry must therefore be evaluated as a connected system rather than a collection of independent measurements.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-1-how-explosive-blasting-breaks-rock\">1. How Explosive Blasting Breaks Rock<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-2-rock-properties-and-geological-influences\">2. Rock Properties and Geological Influences<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-3-understanding-blast-geometry\">3. Understanding Blast Geometry<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-4-explosive-energy-distribution-and-confinement\">4. Explosive Energy Distribution and Confinement<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-5-how-excessive-burden-affects-fragmentation\">5. How Excessive Burden Affects Fragmentation<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-6-drilling-accuracy-and-blast-execution\">6. Drilling Accuracy and Blast Execution<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-7-what-determines-successful-blast-fragmentation\">7. What Determines Successful Blast Fragmentation?<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-8-measuring-and-evaluating-blast-fragmentation\">8. Measuring and Evaluating Blast Fragmentation<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-9-from-fragmentation-measurement-to-blast-optimization\">9. From Fragmentation Measurement to Blast Optimization<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-references\">References<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-4-explosive-energy-distribution-and-confinement\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-4-explosive-energy-distribution-and-confinement\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Explosive Energy Distribution and Confinement<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The amount of explosive energy used in a blast is important, but its distribution within the rock mass is equally significant.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>More explosive energy does not necessarily result in better fragmentation. The objective is to apply energy effectively to the material being broken.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-explosive-characteristics\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-explosive-characteristics\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Explosive Characteristics<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Different explosives produce different pressure profiles, detonation characteristics, and energy outputs.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The interaction between these properties and the surrounding rock influences fracture development and rock movement.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Selecting suitable explosives requires consideration of rock properties, blasthole conditions, desired fragmentation, and the overall blast design.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A related design measure is <strong>powder factor<\/strong>, which expresses the quantity of explosive relative to the amount of rock being blasted, commonly by mass or volume.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Powder factor is useful for comparing explosive consumption, but it does not describe how effectively that energy is distributed.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Two blasts with similar powder factors may produce different fragmentation because of differences in geometry, geology, loading distribution, and initiation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-charge-distribution\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-charge-distribution\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Charge Distribution<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The explosive charge may not be distributed uniformly along the entire length of a blasthole.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Different portions of the rock mass can present different breakage requirements, particularly where confinement or geological conditions vary.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The distribution of explosive energy along the hole can therefore influence fragmentation at different elevations within the bench.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>An important consideration is the lower portion of the charge, often called the <strong>bottom charge<\/strong>, which contributes to breaking rock near the toe.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Poor energy distribution near the bottom of the bench can contribute to inadequate toe breakage, while inappropriate loading elsewhere can produce unwanted fragmentation or rock movement.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The objective is to distribute energy according to the requirements of the rock mass and the blast design.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-stemming-and-confinement\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-stemming-and-confinement\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Stemming and Confinement<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Stemming is the inert material placed in the upper portion of a blasthole above the explosive charge.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Its purpose is to help confine the explosive gases long enough for their energy to contribute to rock breakage and movement.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The effectiveness of stemming depends on its properties, placement, and the surrounding blast conditions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Insufficient confinement can allow energy to escape prematurely, potentially reducing the energy available for fragmentation and contributing to undesirable blast effects.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Stemming is therefore an important part of the overall energy distribution and confinement strategy, rather than simply material used to fill the top of a hole.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-initiation-timing-and-burden-relief\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-initiation-timing-and-burden-relief\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Initiation Timing and Burden Relief<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The sequence and timing of detonation influence how neighbouring charges interact and how rock movement develops during the blast.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>As a row of blastholes detonates, the surrounding rock requires time to respond and begin moving. That movement can provide additional relief for subsequent rows.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>If the intended relief has not developed sufficiently, later detonations may encounter more confinement than anticipated.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Research by Onederra and Esen (2003) examined this relationship using the concept of <em>minimum response time<\/em>: the interval between detonation and the beginning of meaningful burden movement.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The concept illustrates why initiation timing cannot be considered independently of burden, explosive properties, and rock response.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Effective blast sequencing supports the intended progression of rock breakage and movement, helping achieve more consistent fragmentation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-1-how-explosive-blasting-breaks-rock\">1. How Explosive Blasting Breaks Rock<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-2-rock-properties-and-geological-influences\">2. Rock Properties and Geological Influences<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-3-understanding-blast-geometry\">3. Understanding Blast Geometry<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-4-explosive-energy-distribution-and-confinement\">4. Explosive Energy Distribution and Confinement<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-5-how-excessive-burden-affects-fragmentation\">5. How Excessive Burden Affects Fragmentation<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-6-drilling-accuracy-and-blast-execution\">6. Drilling Accuracy and Blast Execution<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-7-what-determines-successful-blast-fragmentation\">7. What Determines Successful Blast Fragmentation?<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-8-measuring-and-evaluating-blast-fragmentation\">8. Measuring and Evaluating Blast Fragmentation<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-9-from-fragmentation-measurement-to-blast-optimization\">9. From Fragmentation Measurement to Blast Optimization<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-references\">References<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-5-how-excessive-burden-affects-fragmentation\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-5-how-excessive-burden-affects-fragmentation\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. How Excessive Burden Affects Fragmentation<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Burden is one of the most influential geometric factors in bench blasting because it affects both the resistance to rock breakage and the movement required to separate the fragments.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Excessive burden occurs when the rock mass assigned to a blasthole presents too much resistance for the available explosive energy and blast conditions to produce the intended result.<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This may reflect an unsuitable original design or differences between the planned and actual blasthole geometry.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-incomplete-fragmentation-and-oversize\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-incomplete-fragmentation-and-oversize\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Incomplete Fragmentation and Oversize<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>When burden is excessive, the rock may not fracture and separate as intended.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Large fragments, slabs, or partially broken sections can remain, producing a coarser particle size distribution than expected.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These oversized fragments may require secondary breaking or create problems during excavation, hauling, and crushing.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-restricted-rock-movement\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-restricted-rock-movement\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Restricted Rock Movement<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Blasting requires sufficient space for broken rock to move and separate.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Excessive burden can restrict this movement, creating tightly packed muckpiles or preventing sections of rock from obtaining the intended relief.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Restricted movement can also affect later rows in the blast by limiting the free faces available to them.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-ground-vibration-and-other-blast-effects\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-ground-vibration-and-other-blast-effects\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ground Vibration and Other Blast Effects<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>When rock movement is restricted, some explosive energy may be transmitted into the surrounding ground rather than contributing effectively to fragmentation and displacement.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Under certain conditions, this can contribute to increased ground vibration.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>However, vibration, flyrock, and air overpressure are influenced by multiple interacting variables. Excessive burden should not be treated as the sole explanation for any of these effects.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-downstream-handling-and-processing\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-downstream-handling-and-processing\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Downstream Handling and Processing<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Poor fragmentation can create costs beyond the blast itself.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Oversize material may reduce excavation efficiency, interrupt crusher feeding, or require additional handling before entering the processing circuit.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Even where the material can be processed, inconsistent feed size may create variations in equipment performance.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The importance of burden therefore extends beyond the drilling and blasting operation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-what-happens-when-burden-is-too-small\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-what-happens-when-burden-is-too-small\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">What Happens When Burden Is Too Small?<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Insufficient burden creates a different set of challenges.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Where too little rock separates a blasthole from the free face, excessive or uncontrolled movement may occur, depending on the other blast conditions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This can contribute to flyrock, overbreak, or undesirable fragmentation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The objective is not to minimize burden, but to establish a suitable relationship between burden, explosive energy, rock properties, and the intended blast outcome.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-research-burden-and-fragment-size\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-research-burden-and-fragment-size\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Research: Burden and Fragment Size<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Prasad, Choudhary, and Mishra (2017) examined the influence of blast design parameters on fragmentation at a surface mining operation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Their research considered factors including burden, stemming, and powder factor, using measured fragment sizes to evaluate the resulting blast performance.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The observations illustrate how changes in blast geometry and explosive loading can be associated with changes in fragmentation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The original WipWare discussion highlighted results suggesting that larger burden distances were associated with coarser fragmentation under the conditions examined.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>However, this relationship should not be treated as a universal rule.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The effect of burden depends on the surrounding blast design and geological conditions. A change that produces coarser fragmentation at one operation may produce a different result elsewhere.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For this reason, measured fragmentation and actual blast records provide a more useful basis for evaluating burden than relying on generalized design ratios alone.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-1-how-explosive-blasting-breaks-rock\">1. How Explosive Blasting Breaks Rock<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-2-rock-properties-and-geological-influences\">2. Rock Properties and Geological Influences<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-3-understanding-blast-geometry\">3. Understanding Blast Geometry<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-4-explosive-energy-distribution-and-confinement\">4. Explosive Energy Distribution and Confinement<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-5-how-excessive-burden-affects-fragmentation\">5. How Excessive Burden Affects Fragmentation<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-6-drilling-accuracy-and-blast-execution\">6. Drilling Accuracy and Blast Execution<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-7-what-determines-successful-blast-fragmentation\">7. What Determines Successful Blast Fragmentation?<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-8-measuring-and-evaluating-blast-fragmentation\">8. Measuring and Evaluating Blast Fragmentation<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-9-from-fragmentation-measurement-to-blast-optimization\">9. From Fragmentation Measurement to Blast Optimization<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-references\">References<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-6-drilling-accuracy-and-blast-execution\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-6-drilling-accuracy-and-blast-execution\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. Drilling Accuracy and Blast Execution<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Even a well-designed blast can produce inconsistent fragmentation if the blastholes are not drilled according to the intended pattern.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Drilling deviation<\/strong> describes differences between the planned and actual position, direction, or trajectory of a blasthole.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These differences can alter burden, spacing, and explosive energy distribution throughout the rock mass.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":7894,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Blast-2-3D-1024x550.jpg\" alt=\"Overview of blast showing bore holes\" class=\"wp-image-7894\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-how-drilling-deviation-changes-blast-geometry\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-how-drilling-deviation-changes-blast-geometry\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">How Drilling Deviation Changes Blast Geometry<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A blasthole that deviates away from a free face can create greater burden at depth than the original design intended.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Conversely, a hole that deviates toward the free face may reduce the effective burden.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Similar changes can occur in spacing between neighbouring blastholes.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This means a drilling pattern that appears correct at the surface may contain significant geometric variations farther down the holes.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Some areas may consequently receive less effective energy relative to the rock being broken, while others may experience undesirable concentrations.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The resulting fragmentation can become inconsistent across the blast.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-common-sources-of-drilling-inaccuracy\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-common-sources-of-drilling-inaccuracy\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Common Sources of Drilling Inaccuracy<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Several factors can contribute to differences between designed and actual blasthole geometry.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Equipment positioning, drill alignment, drilling conditions, geological structure, and equipment performance can all influence the final hole trajectory.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Operator practices and the accuracy of the initial drilling layout also matter.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The consequences can be particularly significant in deeper blastholes, where small changes in direction may result in larger positional differences near the toe.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-evaluating-drilling-accuracy\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-evaluating-drilling-accuracy\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Evaluating Drilling Accuracy<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Drilling accuracy can be assessed through several complementary measurements.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Collar position<\/strong> identifies differences between the planned and actual starting location of a blasthole.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Hole angle and trajectory<\/strong> describe the direction and path followed by the hole. A hole may begin in the correct position but gradually deviate as drilling progresses.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Toe position<\/strong> identifies the location of the hole's endpoint relative to its intended position. This is particularly useful for evaluating burden and spacing near the bottom of the bench.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Hole length<\/strong> provides information about drilling depth, but a difference in length does not necessarily indicate lateral deviation. A hole may reach the correct depth while following an incorrect trajectory.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Where appropriate, borehole surveys and drilling records help establish the actual geometry of the blast.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Comparing this information with measured fragmentation can reveal relationships between drilling execution and blast performance.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-1-how-explosive-blasting-breaks-rock\">1. How Explosive Blasting Breaks Rock<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-2-rock-properties-and-geological-influences\">2. Rock Properties and Geological Influences<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-3-understanding-blast-geometry\">3. Understanding Blast Geometry<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-4-explosive-energy-distribution-and-confinement\">4. Explosive Energy Distribution and Confinement<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-5-how-excessive-burden-affects-fragmentation\">5. How Excessive Burden Affects Fragmentation<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-6-drilling-accuracy-and-blast-execution\">6. Drilling Accuracy and Blast Execution<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-7-what-determines-successful-blast-fragmentation\">7. What Determines Successful Blast Fragmentation?<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-8-measuring-and-evaluating-blast-fragmentation\">8. Measuring and Evaluating Blast Fragmentation<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-9-from-fragmentation-measurement-to-blast-optimization\">9. From Fragmentation Measurement to Blast Optimization<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-references\">References<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-7-what-determines-successful-blast-fragmentation\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-7-what-determines-successful-blast-fragmentation\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. What Determines Successful Blast Fragmentation?<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The purpose of blast optimization is not simply to produce smaller fragments.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The desired particle size distribution depends on how the material will be excavated, transported, crushed, and processed.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-oversize-material\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-oversize-material\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Oversize Material<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Oversize fragments can create difficulties during loading and hauling and may exceed the acceptable feed size of downstream equipment.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Depending on the operation, oversize may require additional handling, secondary breaking, or adjustments to the material handling process.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-excessive-fines\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-excessive-fines\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Excessive Fines<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Very fine fragmentation is not always desirable.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Although smaller particles can reduce some downstream comminution requirements, excessive fines may contribute to dust, material handling difficulties, or undesirable feed characteristics.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The impact depends on the type of material and processing equipment involved.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-fragmentation-consistency\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-fragmentation-consistency\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Fragmentation Consistency<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Two blasts may produce similar average fragment sizes but have very different particle size distributions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>One may contain a relatively consistent range of fragments, while another contains a mixture of excessive fines and large boulders.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Both could report similar values for an individual size metric, yet perform differently during loading and processing.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For this reason, blast assessment should consider the overall particle size distribution and the portions of that distribution that matter to the operation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The importance of fragmentation extends beyond the blast itself. Particle size distribution can influence loading, haulage, crushing, grinding, and the consistency of downstream operations. Understanding these relationships helps establish meaningful fragmentation targets and connect blasting performance with broader operational objectives.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Explore <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/evaluating-rock-comminution-from-pre-blast-to-post-blast-and-through-mineral-processing\/\"><strong>From Blast to Mill: Using Fragmentation Data to Improve Mining Performance<\/strong><\/a> to learn how particle measurements can support decisions throughout the mining and processing cycle.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-1-how-explosive-blasting-breaks-rock\">1. How Explosive Blasting Breaks Rock<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-2-rock-properties-and-geological-influences\">2. Rock Properties and Geological Influences<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-3-understanding-blast-geometry\">3. Understanding Blast Geometry<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-4-explosive-energy-distribution-and-confinement\">4. Explosive Energy Distribution and Confinement<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-5-how-excessive-burden-affects-fragmentation\">5. How Excessive Burden Affects Fragmentation<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-6-drilling-accuracy-and-blast-execution\">6. Drilling Accuracy and Blast Execution<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-7-what-determines-successful-blast-fragmentation\">7. What Determines Successful Blast Fragmentation?<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-8-measuring-and-evaluating-blast-fragmentation\">8. Measuring and Evaluating Blast Fragmentation<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-9-from-fragmentation-measurement-to-blast-optimization\">9. From Fragmentation Measurement to Blast Optimization<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-references\">References<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-8-measuring-and-evaluating-blast-fragmentation\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-8-measuring-and-evaluating-blast-fragmentation\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">8. Measuring and Evaluating Blast Fragmentation<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Without measurement, evaluating blast performance relies heavily on visual observation and operator experience.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These observations remain valuable, but quantitative fragmentation measurements allow more consistent comparisons between blasts.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-understanding-particle-size-distribution\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-understanding-particle-size-distribution\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Understanding Particle Size Distribution<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Particle size distribution (PSD) describes the relative proportions of different particle sizes within a material sample.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>PSD is commonly presented as a cumulative percent-passing curve, showing the percentage of material smaller than each particle size.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>One frequently used measurement is <strong>P80<\/strong>, the particle size at which 80% of the material passes.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>P80 can help evaluate fragmentation against a target or compare results between blasts, but it cannot describe the complete distribution on its own.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Other measurements, including P50, P95, and the percentages of material within particular size ranges, may also be important.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, an operation concerned about primary crusher blockages may place particular emphasis on the oversize portion of the distribution, while another operation may focus on controlling the amount of material within a specified feed range.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-fragmentation-measurement-with-wipfrag\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-fragmentation-measurement-with-wipfrag\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Fragmentation Measurement with WipFrag<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/wipfrag\/\" data-type=\"products\" data-id=\"36\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">WipFrag<\/a><\/strong> measures fragmentation from photographs of exposed rock, converting visible particle boundaries into quantitative particle size distribution data.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Images can be collected at ground level, underground, from laboratory samples, or using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipFrag allows users to generate PSD curves, evaluate particle size ranges, compare results against specification envelopes, and combine multiple image analyses into a larger sampling program.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>With appropriate UAV imagery, fragmentation can also be evaluated spatially across a blast area, helping identify differences between relatively coarse and fine regions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:gallery {\"linkTo\":\"none\",\"sizeSlug\":\"full\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":11028,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-UAV-GIS-Heatmap.png\" alt=\"A screenshot of WipFrag's GIS feature showing the heatmap of a UAV orthomosaic image analysis.\" class=\"wp-image-11028\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":11015,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Chart-Passing-Retained.png\" alt=\"WipFrag chart results showing percent passing and percent retained.\" class=\"wp-image-11015\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:gallery -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These measurements make it easier to compare the observed fragmentation with operational targets and previous blast results.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>However, photographic analysis has important limitations.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>WipFrag measures material visible in the images.<\/strong> Buried particles and fines obscured beneath larger fragments cannot be measured directly, and the smallest distinguishable particles depend on image quality and resolution.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A representative sampling program is therefore essential, particularly when evaluating large or variable muckpiles.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For further guidance, see the <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipfrag-image-capture-and-sampling-guide\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"10311\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>WipFrag Image Capture and Sampling Guide<\/strong><\/a> and <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipfrag-results-interpretation-guide\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"10998\">WipFrag Results Interpretation Guide<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-can-fragmentation-analysis-identify-blast-design-problems\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-can-fragmentation-analysis-identify-blast-design-problems\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Can Fragmentation Analysis Identify Blast Design Problems?<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Fragmentation measurements can help identify unexpected results and areas that warrant further investigation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, consistently coarse fragmentation may suggest that the burden, spacing, drilling accuracy, geological conditions, or explosive distribution should be reviewed.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Similarly, a spatial fragmentation map may reveal variations across a muckpile that were not apparent from an overall PSD curve.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>However, <strong>fragmentation measurements describe the result, not necessarily its cause<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Oversize material alone does not prove excessive burden, and changes in PSD cannot independently establish that drilling deviation or initiation timing caused the result.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A more complete evaluation requires comparing fragmentation measurements with the corresponding blast design, drilling records, explosive loading information, and geological conditions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-1-how-explosive-blasting-breaks-rock\">1. How Explosive Blasting Breaks Rock<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-2-rock-properties-and-geological-influences\">2. Rock Properties and Geological Influences<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-3-understanding-blast-geometry\">3. Understanding Blast Geometry<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-4-explosive-energy-distribution-and-confinement\">4. Explosive Energy Distribution and Confinement<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-5-how-excessive-burden-affects-fragmentation\">5. How Excessive Burden Affects Fragmentation<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-6-drilling-accuracy-and-blast-execution\">6. Drilling Accuracy and Blast Execution<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-7-what-determines-successful-blast-fragmentation\">7. What Determines Successful Blast Fragmentation?<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-8-measuring-and-evaluating-blast-fragmentation\">8. Measuring and Evaluating Blast Fragmentation<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-9-from-fragmentation-measurement-to-blast-optimization\">9. From Fragmentation Measurement to Blast Optimization<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-references\">References<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-9-from-fragmentation-measurement-to-blast-optimization\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-9-from-fragmentation-measurement-to-blast-optimization\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">9. From Fragmentation Measurement to Blast Optimization<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Improving blasting performance requires a consistent relationship between the intended result, the actual fragmentation, and the conditions that produced it.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A practical approach begins with defining the fragmentation requirements of downstream operations.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These requirements establish the particle sizes and distribution characteristics that matter most to the site.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>After each blast, representative fragmentation measurements can be collected and compared with these targets.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Where results differ from expectations, engineers can review the corresponding design and execution records to identify possible contributing factors.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, if one area of a blast repeatedly produces larger fragments than surrounding areas, the operation can compare that region with drilling records, actual burden distances, and geological observations.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>If the evidence suggests that a particular condition is contributing to the problem, the operation can evaluate appropriate adjustments through its established blast-design process.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Subsequent fragmentation measurements then provide feedback on whether the changes produced the intended result.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-using-blastcast-to-evaluate-potential-changes\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-using-blastcast-to-evaluate-potential-changes\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Using BlastCast to Evaluate Potential Changes<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipFrag also includes <strong><a href=\"\/kb\/blastcast-guide\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"\/kb\/blastcast-guide\/\">BlastCast<\/a><\/strong>, a tool for comparing measured fragmentation with modelled blast results.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>BlastCast uses blast design parameters and explosive characteristics to generate a predicted particle size distribution.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>By calibrating the model's Rock Factor against measured fragmentation from a completed blast, users can establish a baseline for evaluating changes to selected design parameters.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Keeping the calibrated rock conditions consistent allows different scenarios to be compared, helping illustrate how changes in blast geometry or other inputs may influence the predicted PSD.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These predictions are useful for investigating possibilities, but they are not substitutes for qualified blast design or actual performance measurements.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The results of subsequent blasts should be measured and compared with the predictions to assess how well the model represents the operation's conditions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-building-a-consistent-improvement-process\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-building-a-consistent-improvement-process\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Building a Consistent Improvement Process<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Over time, a structured measurement program can help distinguish isolated results from recurring performance patterns.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The value comes from maintaining a consistent relationship between blast records and the resulting fragmentation measurements.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>When these records are evaluated together, operations can better understand which conditions are associated with desirable fragmentation and where further investigation may be worthwhile.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The objective is not to optimize one measurement in isolation, but to achieve fragmentation that supports the performance requirements of the entire operation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:quote -->\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The value of quantitative fragmentation measurement has been demonstrated in published research for decades. Early WipFrag studies at operations including INCO Coleman Mine and Lafarge Exshaw used particle size measurements to evaluate blast-design changes and investigate their effects on downstream operations. Explore these findings in <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/literature-review-application-of-wipware-technology\/\"><strong>WipFrag Case Studies: Research and Real-World Applications<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/blockquote>\n<!-- \/wp:quote --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-1-how-explosive-blasting-breaks-rock\">1. How Explosive Blasting Breaks Rock<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-2-rock-properties-and-geological-influences\">2. Rock Properties and Geological Influences<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-3-understanding-blast-geometry\">3. Understanding Blast Geometry<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-4-explosive-energy-distribution-and-confinement\">4. Explosive Energy Distribution and Confinement<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-5-how-excessive-burden-affects-fragmentation\">5. How Excessive Burden Affects Fragmentation<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-6-drilling-accuracy-and-blast-execution\">6. Drilling Accuracy and Blast Execution<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-7-what-determines-successful-blast-fragmentation\">7. What Determines Successful Blast Fragmentation?<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-8-measuring-and-evaluating-blast-fragmentation\">8. Measuring and Evaluating Blast Fragmentation<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-9-from-fragmentation-measurement-to-blast-optimization\">9. From Fragmentation Measurement to Blast Optimization<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-references\">References<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-conclusion\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-conclusion\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Rock blasting is governed by the interaction of explosive energy, rock properties, blast geometry, drilling accuracy, and rock movement.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Burden, spacing, bench height, explosive distribution, stemming, and initiation timing all influence how the rock fractures and separates. Geological variability and drilling deviation introduce additional complexity, meaning that even similar blast designs can produce different results.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Effective fragmentation is therefore not simply a matter of applying more energy or producing smaller particles. It requires understanding how the rock responds and achieving a particle size distribution appropriate for the operation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>By combining sound blasting practices with representative fragmentation measurements, mining and quarrying operations can evaluate results more consistently, identify opportunities for improvement, and make better-informed decisions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Because you can't manage what you can't measure<\/strong>!<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-references\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-references\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">References<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Hino, K. (1956). <em>Fragmentation of rock through blasting and shock wave theory of blasting.<\/em> ARMA US Rock Mechanics\/Geomechanics Symposium.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Bhandari, S. (1979). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0094-5765(79)90104-8\">On the role of stress waves and quasi-static gas pressure in rock fragmentation by blasting<\/a>. <em>Acta Astronautica<\/em>, 6(3\u20134), 365\u2013383.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Blair, D. P., &amp; Armstrong, L. W. (2001). <em>The influence of burden on blast vibration.<\/em> <em>Fragblast<\/em>, 5(1\u20132), 108\u2013129.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Onederra, I., &amp; Esen, S. (2003). <em>Selection of inter-hole and inter-row timing for surface blasting\u2014An approach based on burden relief analysis.<\/em> Proceedings of the 2nd World Conference on Explosives and Blasting Technique.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Prasad, S., Choudhary, B. S., &amp; Mishra, A. K. (2017). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1757-899X\/225\/1\/012191\">Effect of stemming to burden ratio and powder factor on blast induced rock fragmentation\u2014A case study<\/a>. <em>IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering<\/em>, 225, 012191.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Manzoor, S., et al. (2022). <em>Predicting rock fragmentation based on drill monitoring: A case study from Malmberget mine, Sweden.<\/em> <em>Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy<\/em>, 122(3), 155\u2013165.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\",\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-1-how-explosive-blasting-breaks-rock\">1. How Explosive Blasting Breaks Rock<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-2-rock-properties-and-geological-influences\">2. Rock Properties and Geological Influences<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-3-understanding-blast-geometry\">3. Understanding Blast Geometry<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-4-explosive-energy-distribution-and-confinement\">4. Explosive Energy Distribution and Confinement<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-5-how-excessive-burden-affects-fragmentation\">5. How Excessive Burden Affects Fragmentation<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-6-drilling-accuracy-and-blast-execution\">6. Drilling Accuracy and Blast Execution<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-7-what-determines-successful-blast-fragmentation\">7. What Determines Successful Blast Fragmentation?<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-8-measuring-and-evaluating-blast-fragmentation\">8. Measuring and Evaluating Blast Fragmentation<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-9-from-fragmentation-measurement-to-blast-optimization\">9. From Fragmentation Measurement to Blast Optimization<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-references\">References<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator {\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-thick\",\"anchor\":\"h-related-articles\"} -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator aligncenter has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-thick\" id=\"h-related-articles\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->","post_title":"Understanding Rock Blasting and Fragmentation","post_excerpt":"Explore the fundamentals of rock blasting and fragmentation, including explosive energy, burden, spacing, drilling accuracy, and how particle size measurements support blast optimization.","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipjoint-guide\/","post_modified":"2026-10-21 15:42:12","post_modified_gmt":"2026-10-21 19:42:12","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"4","filter":"raw"},{"ID":411,"post_author":"20","post_date":"2025-07-16 15:38:19","post_date_gmt":"2025-07-16 19:38:19","post_content":"<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>One of the most common questions we receive about automated particle size measurement is, <strong>\"How small can Solo measure?\"<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The answer depends on the material, conveyor dimensions, camera configuration, and installation conditions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>While WipFrag can analyze extremely small particles in suitable microscope images, measuring material moving on industrial conveyors presents different requirements. A system monitoring coarse rock on a wide primary crusher conveyor cannot necessarily resolve the same particle sizes as one installed over a narrower conveyor carrying smaller material.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Understanding these differences helps ensure the measurement system is configured for the particle sizes that matter to your operation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-what-determines-the-detectable-particle-size-range\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-what-determines-the-detectable-particle-size-range\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">What Determines the Detectable Particle Size Range?<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The detectable particle size range is primarily influenced by how much material the camera needs to observe and how much image detail is available within that area.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Several factors are important:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Field of view:<\/strong> The physical area visible to the camera. A wider view captures more material but provides less image detail per unit of material size.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Camera resolution:<\/strong> The number of pixels available to distinguish individual particles. Higher resolution can provide more detail across a given field of view but can also decrease the overall accuracy of particle delineation from excessive detail.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Mounting distance and lens selection:<\/strong> Together, these determine the area captured and the image scale.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Material presentation:<\/strong> Particle overlap, surface visibility, loading depth, and material spread can affect which particles can be distinguished.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Lighting and image quality:<\/strong> Consistent illumination, adequate contrast, and clear images help support reliable particle identification.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Conveyor installations offer several advantages for automated monitoring. The camera can remain in a fixed position, material generally travels along a predictable path, and dedicated lighting can help maintain consistent measurement conditions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>However, every application has its own physical constraints. The appropriate configuration depends on the measurement objective as well as the conveyor itself.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-how-field-of-view-affects-particle-size-measurement\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-how-field-of-view-affects-particle-size-measurement\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">How Field of View Affects Particle Size Measurement<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Field of view is one of the most important considerations when configuring a conveyor analysis system.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":11221,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Wide-vs-Narrow-FOV.png\" alt=\"Field-of-view comparison diagram\" class=\"wp-image-11221\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Conceptual illustration of field-of-view trade-offs. Not to scale; the achievable resolution depends on the actual camera and optics.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A camera observing a larger area must distribute its available image pixels across that wider view. As a result, smaller particles occupy fewer pixels and become more difficult to distinguish individually.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Narrowing the field of view increases the image detail available for smaller particles. However, it also reduces the area covered and may limit the ability to capture large particles completely.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>The goal is NOT simply to achieve the smallest detectable particle size. It is to capture the range of material sizes relevant to the process.<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, detecting oversize material after primary crushing presents different requirements from monitoring particle size distribution on a conveyor feeding a grinding mill.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-example-comparing-two-conveyor-applications\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-example-comparing-two-conveyor-applications\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example: Comparing Two Conveyor Applications<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Consider two operations with different conveyor dimensions and measurement objectives.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:table -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Application<\/th><th>Copper operation<\/th><th>Gold operation<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Conveyor width<\/td><td>3 m (10 ft)<\/td><td>1.2 m (4 ft)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Measurement location<\/td><td>Primary crusher output<\/td><td>SAG mill feed<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Typical measurement focus<\/td><td>Coarser material and oversize<\/td><td>Smaller particles and PSD variability<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Field-of-view considerations<\/td><td>Wider coverage may be required<\/td><td>Narrower coverage may allow greater image detail<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Approximate minimum detectable size*<\/td><td>3.26 mm (just over \u215b in;<br>approximately ASTM E11 No. 6)<\/td><td>1.30 mm (0.051 in;<br>between ASTM E11 No. 14 and No. 16)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Approximate maximum measurable size*<\/td><td>1800 mm (70.9 in)<\/td><td>720 mm (28.3 in)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:table -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>In the copper application, the wider conveyor and material stream require a larger field of view, prioritizing coverage of coarser material and the particle sizes most relevant to crusher performance.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>In the gold application, the narrower material stream allows a smaller field of view, providing greater image detail for distinguishing smaller particles.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>*These theoretical estimates assume the material stream occupies 80% of the conveyor width, with the same camera resolution and measurement criteria applied to both examples. Actual material spread typically ranges from 70% to 85% of conveyor width, while measurable particle sizes also depend on lens selection, mounting geometry, and image quality. Imperial and ASTM E11 sieve references are approximate; sieve designations do not represent exact optical detection limits. Maximum measurable sizes are estimated at 75% of the field-of-view width to allow particles to be captured completely.<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-can-the-detectable-size-range-be-adjusted\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-can-the-detectable-size-range-be-adjusted\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Can the Detectable Size Range Be Adjusted?<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Yes. Several configuration options can help align the measurement system with an application's requirements.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-adjusting-the-field-of-view\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-adjusting-the-field-of-view\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Adjusting the Field of View<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Changing the lens or mounting arrangement can provide a narrower or wider field of view.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A narrower view can improve the ability to distinguish smaller particles, provided the relevant material remains visible. A wider view can improve coverage of the material stream and accommodate larger particles.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These changes involve trade-offs, so the appropriate configuration depends on the measurement objective.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-selecting-the-appropriate-camera-configuration\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-selecting-the-appropriate-camera-configuration\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Selecting the Appropriate Camera Configuration<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Image resolution influences how much detail is available across the measurement area.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Camera and lens selection should be evaluated together, since higher resolution alone does NOT overcome poor lighting, obscured particles, or unsuitable installation geometry.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipWare evaluates these considerations when determining an appropriate configuration for each application.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-using-multiple-measurement-locations\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-using-multiple-measurement-locations\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Using Multiple Measurement Locations<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Some operations may benefit from additional camera locations where different measurement objectives or material conditions cannot be addressed effectively from a single viewpoint.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, measurements before and after a crusher can help distinguish incoming feed characteristics from changes in crusher output.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Multiple cameras may also be appropriate for separately observing different portions of a material stream.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>However, additional cameras do NOT necessarily produce more accurate or useful fragmentation measurements. They cannot reveal particles buried beneath the material surface, and their value depends on what additional information the operation requires.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-accounting-for-unresolved-material\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-accounting-for-unresolved-material\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Accounting for Unresolved Material<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Physical sampling and sieve analysis can help establish relationships between optical measurements and the overall material distribution.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Under suitable conditions, calibration may be used to account for particle fractions that cannot be individually resolved in the images.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>However, calibration does NOT improve the camera's physical resolution or allow it to directly measure particles hidden beneath larger material.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Where fine material is particularly important, the measurement method and sampling requirements should be evaluated carefully.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-choosing-between-maximum-size-monitoring-and-full-psd-analysis\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-choosing-between-maximum-size-monitoring-and-full-psd-analysis\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Choosing Between Maximum-Size Monitoring and Full PSD Analysis<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The appropriate particle size range also depends on the type of measurement required.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Solo Basic provides focused maximum particle size or colour monitoring. For example, an operation may only need to determine whether oversize particles are passing a particular conveyor location.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Solo Complete provides particle size distribution measurements across user-defined size classes, along with additional material characteristics such as shape, estimated volume, and colour.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This makes Solo Complete more appropriate for applications requiring detailed particle size trends, comparisons between processing stages, or evaluation against PSD targets.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A complete size distribution is NOT always necessary when a single maximum-size measurement provides the information needed for an operational decision.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-measuring-the-right-material-at-the-right-location\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-measuring-the-right-material-at-the-right-location\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Measuring the Right Material at the Right Location<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The most important question is NOT simply how small a particle a camera can distinguish, but whether the system can reliably measure the particle sizes that matter to the operation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>An installation intended to detect occasional oversize particles has different requirements from one intended to monitor the full PSD entering a grinding circuit.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Conveyor speed and analysis frequency also affect how often material is sampled. Even with suitable optical resolution, repeated image capture does NOT necessarily mean every particle passing the camera is analyzed.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Selecting a measurement location therefore requires considering both the detectable particle size range and how the resulting data will be used.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For a broader discussion of where to install measurement systems and how the results can support operational decisions, see <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/evaluating-rock-comminution-from-pre-blast-to-post-blast-and-through-mineral-processing\/\"><strong>From Blast to Mill: Using Fragmentation Data to Improve Mining Performance<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-conclusion\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-conclusion\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>There is no universal minimum or maximum detectable particle size for every conveyor analysis application.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The practical measurement range depends on the relationship between the material, field of view, camera resolution, and installation conditions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>By identifying the relevant particle sizes and measurement objectives before selecting the equipment configuration, operations can obtain more meaningful data without unnecessary complexity.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipWare works with customers to evaluate their materials, conveyor dimensions, and operating requirements to determine an appropriate measurement solution.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/contact\/\"><strong>Contact WipWare<\/strong><\/a> to discuss your application or explore the <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/solo\/\"><strong>Solo Conveyor Analysis System<\/strong><\/a> to learn more about automated conveyor particle measurement.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->","post_title":"Understanding Size Ranges in Conveyor Belt Analysis","post_excerpt":"Learn how conveyor dimensions, camera resolution, field of view, and installation conditions influence the particle sizes that Solo can measure in industrial applications.","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"understanding-size-ranges-in-conveyor-belt-analysis","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/evaluating-rock-comminution-from-pre-blast-to-post-blast-and-through-mineral-processing\/","post_modified":"2026-10-16 13:43:35","post_modified_gmt":"2026-10-16 17:43:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"http:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=411","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"3","filter":"raw"}]},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.8 (Yoast SEO v28.8) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Tom Palangio Inducted into 2017 SAMSSA Hall of Fame<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"WipWare founder Tom Palangio was inducted into the 2017 SAMSSA Hall of Fame for his contributions to mining innovation and Northern Ontario&#039;s mining sector.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/ru\/news\/outstanding-achievement-in-the-mining-industry\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ru_RU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Tom Palangio Inducted into the 2017 SAMSSA Hall of Fame\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"WipWare&#039;s founder was recognized for his contributions to mining technology, entrepreneurship, and the Northern Ontario mining supply and 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