{"id":10998,"date":"2026-10-09T12:19:51","date_gmt":"2026-10-09T16:19:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=10998"},"modified":"2026-10-09T15:19:11","modified_gmt":"2026-10-09T19:19:11","slug":"wipfrag-results-interpretation-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wipware.com\/hi\/kb\/wipfrag-results-interpretation-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:100%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-content-justification-space-between is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-0ac55c2e wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\"><div style=\"font-style:italic;font-weight:700\" class=\"wp-block-post-excerpt wp-container-content-9cfa9a5a\"><p class=\"wp-block-post-excerpt__excerpt\">A practical guide to understanding particle size distribution, shape and WipFrag analysis results <\/p><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons wp-container-content-7c51e427 is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=11046\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PDF \u2b73<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:100%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-yoast-seo-table-of-contents yoast-table-of-contents\"><h2>Table of contents<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\" data-level=\"2\">1. Start With the WipFrag Chart<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\" data-level=\"2\">2. Read the Particle Size Distribution Curve<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\" data-level=\"2\">3. Understand D-Values<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\" data-level=\"2\">4. Understand the WipFrag Statistics<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\" data-level=\"2\">5. Read the Histogram and Size Classes<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\" data-level=\"2\">6. Use the Specification Envelope<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\" data-level=\"2\">7. Review Particle Size Visually<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\" data-level=\"2\">8. Interpret Particle Shape and Colour Results<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\" data-level=\"2\">9. Combine and Compare Results<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\" data-level=\"2\">10. Calibration, Fines and Measurement Limits<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\" data-level=\"2\">11. Turn WipFrag Results Into Decisions<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\" data-level=\"2\">12. Spatial Results for UAV Analysis<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\" data-level=\"2\">13. Export and Record Results<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\" data-level=\"2\">WipFrag Results Quick Reference<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 id=\"h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Start With the WipFrag Chart<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Once an analysis is complete, WipFrag converts the measured particles into a set of results describing the <strong>particle size distribution (PSD)<\/strong> and other characteristics of the analyzed material.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-style-full-width is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:45%\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The standard WipFrag chart can include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>a cumulative particle size distribution curve;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>a histogram;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>selected result statistics;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>user-defined size classes;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>a specification envelope;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>sphericity information; and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>colour results when Colour ID has been configured.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:55%\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"536\" src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Annotated-WipFrag-Chart-1024x536.png\" alt=\"An annotated WipFrag analysis chart\" class=\"wp-image-11006\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Annotated-WipFrag-Chart-1024x536.png 1024w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Annotated-WipFrag-Chart-300x157.png 300w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Annotated-WipFrag-Chart-768x402.png 768w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Annotated-WipFrag-Chart-18x9.png 18w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Annotated-WipFrag-Chart.png 1386w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>(1) <\/strong>Particle Size Distribution [PSD] Curve, <strong>(2) <\/strong>Data Box, <strong>(3) <\/strong>Histogram, <strong>(4) <\/strong>Specification Envelope, <strong>(5) <\/strong>Sphericity, <strong>(6) <\/strong>Size Classes.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The chart can be configured to show the information most useful to the application.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-start-with-the-question\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Start with the question<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Before interpreting individual numbers, ask:&nbsp; <strong>What decision am I trying to make from this result?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Is the material coarser or finer than expected?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What percentage of material is below a process limit?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>How much material is above an oversize threshold?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Is the distribution becoming more or less uniform?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Has the PSD changed from a previous sample?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Does the result fall within an operating specification?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Is particle shape changing?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Are large particles concentrated in a particular area?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Is a user-defined colour proportion changing?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Different WipFrag results describe different aspects of the material. There is rarely one value that tells the whole story.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                REMEMBER\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                <b>Interpret the result against the application.<\/b> A smaller, larger, narrower, or wider particle size distribution is NOT automatically better. The useful result is the one that meets the requirements of the process or study.\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size is-horizontal is-layout-flex wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\">1. Start With the WipFrag Chart<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\">2. Read the Particle Size Distribution Curve<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\">3. Understand D-Values<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\">4. Understand the WipFrag Statistics<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\">5. Read the Histogram and Size Classes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\">6. Use the Specification Envelope<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\">7. Review Particle Size Visually<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\">8. Interpret Particle Shape and Colour Results<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\">9. Combine and Compare Results<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\">10. Calibration, Fines and Measurement Limits<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\">11. Turn WipFrag Results Into Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\">12. Spatial Results for UAV Analysis<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\">13. Export and Record Results<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\">WipFrag Results Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 id=\"h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Read the Particle Size Distribution Curve<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The particle size distribution (PSD) curve shows how particle size is distributed through the analyzed material.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The horizontal axis represents particle size, while the vertical axis represents <strong>cumulative percentage passing<\/strong> \u2014 the percentage of material smaller than a selected size.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For example, if the curve shows <strong>~25% passing at 100 mm<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>approximately 25% of the analyzed material is smaller than 100 mm; and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>approximately 75% is larger than 100 mm.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The percentage larger than a selected size can also be described as <strong>cumulative percentage retained<\/strong>. Passing and retained are complementary:&nbsp; <strong>~25% passing 100 mm = ~75% retained above 100 mm<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"536\" src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Chart-Passing-Retained-1024x536.png\" alt=\"WipFrag chart results showing percent passing and percent retained.\" class=\"wp-image-11015\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Chart-Passing-Retained-1024x536.png 1024w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Chart-Passing-Retained-300x157.png 300w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Chart-Passing-Retained-768x402.png 768w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Chart-Passing-Retained-18x9.png 18w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Chart-Passing-Retained.png 1386w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do NOT confuse <strong>cumulative percent retained<\/strong> with the <strong>class retained<\/strong> value in the histogram. Cumulative retained includes everything larger than the selected size, while class retained describes only the material within one defined size interval.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-reading-the-curve-from-either-direction\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Reading the curve from either direction<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You can use the curve in two ways.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"h-start-with-a-percentage\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Start with a percentage<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If you want to know the particle size corresponding to a particular percentile, read across from the percentage to the curve and then down to the size axis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is how values such as D50 and D80 are interpreted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"h-start-with-a-size\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Start with a size<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If you already have a meaningful size, such as a screen opening, crusher feed target, oversize limit, product specification, or laboratory sieve size, find that size on the horizontal axis and read upward to the curve.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The corresponding percentage tells you how much of the analyzed material falls below that size.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-understand-the-particle-size-axis\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Understand the particle-size axis<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Particle size distributions often cover a very wide range of sizes, so WipFrag plots the user-defined size classes with <strong>logarithmic scaling<\/strong> to make both smaller and larger particles visible on the same chart.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On a logarithmic size axis, equal distances across the chart do NOT represent equal numerical increases in particle size.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For example, the visual distance from 10 mm to 20 mm is NOT interpreted the same way as a linear ruler extending from 10 mm to 20 mm, and progressively larger size ranges can be displayed without compressing the smaller particles into one end of the graph.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Use the axis labels and measured values, rather than visual distance alone, when comparing particle sizes.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-full-width\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"665\" height=\"191\" src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Linear-Log-Data-Comparison.png\" alt=\"Linear data vs logarithmic data comparison\" class=\"wp-image-11016\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Linear-Log-Data-Comparison.png 665w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Linear-Log-Data-Comparison-300x86.png 300w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Linear-Log-Data-Comparison-18x5.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 665px) 100vw, 665px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-compare-the-entire-curve\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Compare the entire curve<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D-values are useful summaries, but two distributions can have similar D50 or D80 values while differing elsewhere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When comparing results, look at:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>the fine end;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the middle of the distribution;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the coarse end; and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the overall shape of the curve.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Where two curves separate can be just as useful as the difference between individual statistics.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size is-horizontal is-layout-flex wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\">1. Start With the WipFrag Chart<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\">2. Read the Particle Size Distribution Curve<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\">3. Understand D-Values<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\">4. Understand the WipFrag Statistics<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\">5. Read the Histogram and Size Classes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\">6. Use the Specification Envelope<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\">7. Review Particle Size Visually<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\">8. Interpret Particle Shape and Colour Results<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\">9. Combine and Compare Results<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\">10. Calibration, Fines and Measurement Limits<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\">11. Turn WipFrag Results Into Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\">12. Spatial Results for UAV Analysis<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\">13. Export and Record Results<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\">WipFrag Results Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 id=\"h-3-understand-d-values\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Understand D-Values<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">WipFrag reports percentile sizes using the notation <strong>DXX<\/strong>. The number after D represents the percentage of material smaller than the reported size.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>D10:<\/strong>&nbsp; 10% of the material is smaller than this size.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>D50:<\/strong>&nbsp; 50% of the material is smaller and 50% is larger.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>D80:<\/strong>&nbsp; 80% of the material is smaller and 20% is larger.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>D95:<\/strong>&nbsp; 95% of the material is smaller and 5% is larger.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These values provide convenient reference points along the particle size distribution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-d50\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">D50<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D50 is the <strong>50% passing size<\/strong> and represents the midpoint, or median, of the particle size distribution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is useful for:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>comparing the general size of different samples;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>tracking whether material is becoming coarser or finer; and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>summarizing the centre of the distribution.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D50 should NOT be interpreted as the arithmetic average particle size.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-d80\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">D80<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D80 is the <strong>80% passing size<\/strong>. It is commonly used in mining, aggregates, crushing, grinding, and fragmentation studies because it provides a useful measure toward the coarse side of the distribution without being controlled only by the very largest particles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Use D80 to:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>compare fragmentation between samples;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>track changes over time;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>relate material size to downstream processing; and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>compare the result with a defined operational target.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-higher-percentile-sizes\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Higher percentile sizes<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Values such as <strong>D90<\/strong> and <strong>D95<\/strong> describe progressively more of the coarse end. These values can be useful where large particles or oversize are important, but they also depend strongly on whether the captured sample adequately represented the larger material.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A high-percentile value should therefore be interpreted together with the sampling method and the original imagery.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                IMPORTANT\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                <b>A D-value describes the distribution. It does NOT explain what caused it.<\/b> A change in D80, for example, tells you that the material size distribution changed. Determining why requires the relevant operating, geological, process, or blast information.\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size is-horizontal is-layout-flex wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\">1. Start With the WipFrag Chart<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\">2. Read the Particle Size Distribution Curve<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\">3. Understand D-Values<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\">4. Understand the WipFrag Statistics<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\">5. Read the Histogram and Size Classes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\">6. Use the Specification Envelope<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\">7. Review Particle Size Visually<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\">8. Interpret Particle Shape and Colour Results<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\">9. Combine and Compare Results<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\">10. Calibration, Fines and Measurement Limits<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\">11. Turn WipFrag Results Into Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\">12. Spatial Results for UAV Analysis<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\">13. Export and Record Results<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\">WipFrag Results Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 id=\"h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Understand the WipFrag Statistics<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The WipFrag Data Box can display selected statistics alongside the PSD.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Not every statistic needs to be used for every application.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-particles\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Particles<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Particles is the number of particles measured in the analysis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Use this value as context for the result rather than as a performance target by itself.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A larger particle count does NOT automatically mean a better analysis. The particles still need to be:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>visible;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>correctly delineated;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>properly scaled; and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>representative of the material being sampled.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-coverage\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Coverage<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Coverage is the percentage of the image area included as analyzable material.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Coverage can help describe how much of the image contributed to the analysis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It should be considered a supporting diagnostic rather than a particle-size result.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-sphericity\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sphericity<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">WipFrag&#8217;s Sphericity value describes particle shape based on the relationship between particle length and width.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Higher values represent particles that are more equant in the image, while lower values indicate more elongated particles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Use sphericity to:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>compare particle shape between samples;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>identify changes in material shape;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>investigate handling or processing behaviour where particle shape matters; and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>complement the PSD when size alone does NOT fully describe the material.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"456\" src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Sphericity-Shape-Comparison-1024x456.png\" alt=\"Comparison of more equant (high sphericity) particles and elongated (lower sphericity) particles.\" class=\"wp-image-11019\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Sphericity-Shape-Comparison-1024x456.png 1024w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Sphericity-Shape-Comparison-300x134.png 300w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Sphericity-Shape-Comparison-768x342.png 768w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Sphericity-Shape-Comparison-1536x684.png 1536w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Sphericity-Shape-Comparison-18x8.png 18w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Sphericity-Shape-Comparison.png 1743w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sphericity describes the <strong>two-dimensional particle shape visible in the image<\/strong>. It should NOT be interpreted as a complete three-dimensional measurement of particle form.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-rosin-rammler-statistics\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Rosin-Rammler Statistics<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">WipFrag can describe the particle size distribution using the Rosin-Rammler model.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"h-xc-characteristic-size\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Xc \u2013 Characteristic Size<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Xc is the Rosin-Rammler characteristic size.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In WipFrag:&nbsp; <strong>Xc = D63.2 before any calibration is applied.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This means 63.2% of the material is smaller than the Xc value.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Xc provides another useful reference size for comparing distributions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"h-n-uniformity-coefficient\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>n<\/em> \u2013 Uniformity Coefficient<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>n<\/em> describes the uniformity of the Rosin-Rammler distribution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A higher <em>n<\/em> indicates a narrower, more uniform size distribution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A lower <em>n<\/em> indicates a broader distribution containing a wider range of particle sizes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Use <em>n<\/em> when the spread of the distribution matters, rather than looking only at whether the overall material is coarse or fine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In WipFrag:&nbsp; <strong><em>n<\/em> = uniformity coefficient <em>before<\/em> any calibration is applied.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"665\" height=\"376\" src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Uniformity-Comparison.png\" alt=\"Comparison of n values with examples of higher and lower uniformity samples.\" class=\"wp-image-11021\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Uniformity-Comparison.png 665w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Uniformity-Comparison-300x170.png 300w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Uniformity-Comparison-18x10.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 665px) 100vw, 665px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                EXAMPLE\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                <b>Two samples may have similar D50 values but very different <i>n<\/i> values.<\/b> One may contain particles concentrated around the median size, while the other contains a much wider mixture of fine and coarse material.\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-swebrec-statistics\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Swebrec Statistics<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">WipFrag can also describe the distribution using the Swebrec model.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"h-x50\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>X50<\/em><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>X50<\/em> is the Swebrec 50% passing size.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In WipFrag:&nbsp; <strong><em>X50<\/em> = D50 <em>before<\/em> any calibration is applied.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"h-xmax\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>Xmax<\/em><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Xmax<\/em> represents the maximum particle size used by the Swebrec distribution and corresponds to the largest particle measured in the analysis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Interpret <em>Xmax<\/em> carefully when rare oversize particles are important. The result can only represent large particles that were included and correctly measured in the sampled imagery.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In WipFrag:&nbsp; <strong><em>Xmax<\/em> = largest particle size <em>before<\/em> any calibration is applied.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"h-b\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>b<\/em><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>b<\/em> is the Swebrec curve-undulation parameter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It helps describe the shape of the fitted Swebrec distribution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Unlike a D-value, <em>b<\/em> is usually most useful as part of the fitted distribution or when comparing consistently generated results, rather than as a standalone operating target.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In WipFrag:&nbsp; <strong><em>b<\/em> = curve-undulation parameter <em>before<\/em> any calibration is applied.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size is-horizontal is-layout-flex wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\">1. Start With the WipFrag Chart<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\">2. Read the Particle Size Distribution Curve<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\">3. Understand D-Values<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\">4. Understand the WipFrag Statistics<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\">5. Read the Histogram and Size Classes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\">6. Use the Specification Envelope<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\">7. Review Particle Size Visually<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\">8. Interpret Particle Shape and Colour Results<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\">9. Combine and Compare Results<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\">10. Calibration, Fines and Measurement Limits<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\">11. Turn WipFrag Results Into Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\">12. Spatial Results for UAV Analysis<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\">13. Export and Record Results<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\">WipFrag Results Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 id=\"h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Read the Histogram and Size Classes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While the PSD curve shows the cumulative distribution, the histogram <strong>divides the material into individual size classes<\/strong> to provide a different view of the material.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">WipFrag supports up to 25 size classes which can be configured around the sizes that matter to the application.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-review-individual-size-classes\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Review individual size classes<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:40%\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For a selected size class in the histogram, WipFrag can provide information including:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Particles<\/strong>\u2014 the number of measured particles within that size class;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Passing<\/strong> \u2014 the cumulative percentage of analyzed material smaller than the selected size;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Retained<\/strong> \u2014 the cumulative percentage of analyzed material larger than the selected size;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Class Retained<\/strong> \u2014 the percentage of material contained within that individual size class;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sphericity<\/strong> \u2014 the average sphericity of particles in that size class; and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>On Spec<\/strong> \u2014 whether that size class is on spec (when a specification envelope has been defined).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:60%\"><div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-full-width\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"988\" height=\"682\" src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Histogram-Size-Class.png\" alt=\"A diagram of WipFrag's histogram and size classes and their relation.\" class=\"wp-image-11023\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Histogram-Size-Class.png 988w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Histogram-Size-Class-300x207.png 300w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Histogram-Size-Class-768x530.png 768w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Histogram-Size-Class-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 988px) 100vw, 988px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-look-at-the-shape-of-the-histogram\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Look at the shape of the histogram<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do NOT look only at the tallest bar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Consider:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Where the material is concentrated:<\/strong>&nbsp; which size classes contain the largest retained proportion.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Distribution width:<\/strong>&nbsp; a narrow grouping indicates material concentrated within a smaller size range, while a broad histogram indicates a wider mixture of sizes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Fine and coarse tails:<\/strong>&nbsp; material extending toward either end of the histogram can be important even when it does NOT dominate the distribution.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The desired histogram shape depends on the application. A broad distribution is NOT automatically poor, and a narrow distribution is NOT automatically better.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-choose-meaningful-size-classes\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Choose meaningful size classes<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Whenever practical, define size classes around real operating limits such as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>screen openings;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>crusher or process thresholds;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>product specifications;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>oversize limits;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>laboratory sieve sizes; or<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>other meaningful control points.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Whenever possible, the size classes should represent real decision points rather than arbitrary intervals.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size is-horizontal is-layout-flex wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\">1. Start With the WipFrag Chart<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\">2. Read the Particle Size Distribution Curve<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\">3. Understand D-Values<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\">4. Understand the WipFrag Statistics<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\">5. Read the Histogram and Size Classes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\">6. Use the Specification Envelope<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\">7. Review Particle Size Visually<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\">8. Interpret Particle Shape and Colour Results<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\">9. Combine and Compare Results<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\">10. Calibration, Fines and Measurement Limits<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\">11. Turn WipFrag Results Into Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\">12. Spatial Results for UAV Analysis<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\">13. Export and Record Results<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\">WipFrag Results Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 id=\"h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. Use the Specification Envelope<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <strong>Specification Envelope<\/strong> allows a target range to be placed directly on the WipFrag PSD chart.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:40%\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For selected size classes, define:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>a <strong>minimum<\/strong> acceptable percentage passing; and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>a <strong>maximum<\/strong> acceptable percentage passing.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">WipFrag displays the resulting target as a yellow envelope and identifies whether the result falls within the defined specification.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:60%\"><div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-full-width\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"908\" height=\"558\" src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Specification-Envelope-Comparison.png\" alt=\"A diagram of WipFrag's specification envelope showing on-spec and off-spec values.\" class=\"wp-image-11024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Specification-Envelope-Comparison.png 908w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Specification-Envelope-Comparison-300x184.png 300w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Specification-Envelope-Comparison-768x472.png 768w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Specification-Envelope-Comparison-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 908px) 100vw, 908px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-why-use-an-envelope\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why use an envelope?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A specification envelope moves interpretation beyond:&nbsp; <strong>\u201cIs this material finer or coarser?\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">and toward:&nbsp; <strong>\u201cDoes this distribution meet the required operating range?\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Use it when the application has known limits for:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>product sizing;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>crusher feed;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>screening;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>blast fragmentation;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>process control; or<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>quality assurance.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><br><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-interpret-the-entire-envelope\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Interpret the entire envelope<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A result may meet the target through one part of the distribution and fall outside it elsewhere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Look at where the curve leaves the envelope.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">That indicates whether the difference is concentrated toward:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>the finer material;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the middle of the distribution; or<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the coarse material.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                REMEMBER\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                <b>The specification envelope is user-defined.<\/b> WipFrag tells you whether the result meets the limits you entered; it does NOT determine what the correct operational limits should be.\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size is-horizontal is-layout-flex wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\">1. Start With the WipFrag Chart<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\">2. Read the Particle Size Distribution Curve<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\">3. Understand D-Values<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\">4. Understand the WipFrag Statistics<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\">5. Read the Histogram and Size Classes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\">6. Use the Specification Envelope<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\">7. Review Particle Size Visually<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\">8. Interpret Particle Shape and Colour Results<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\">9. Combine and Compare Results<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\">10. Calibration, Fines and Measurement Limits<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\">11. Turn WipFrag Results Into Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\">12. Spatial Results for UAV Analysis<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\">13. Export and Record Results<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\">WipFrag Results Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 id=\"h-7-review-particle-size-visually\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. Review Particle Size Visually<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The PSD curve and histogram summarize the measured particle size distribution, but WipFrag also provides tools for visually relating those results back to the analyzed image.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:40%\">\n<h3 id=\"h-edit-assist\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Edit Assist<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">WipFrag&#8217;s Edit Assist can highlight:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Largest by Count<\/strong>:&nbsp; a selected number of the largest measured particles.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Largest by Size<\/strong>:&nbsp; all measured particles larger than a user-defined size.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:60%\"><div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-full-width\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"991\" height=\"763\" src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Edit-Assist-Size.png\" alt=\"WipFrag Edit Assist feature with the largest particles by size threshold highlighted at +150mm.\" class=\"wp-image-11025\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Edit-Assist-Size.png 991w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Edit-Assist-Size-300x231.png 300w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Edit-Assist-Size-768x591.png 768w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Edit-Assist-Size-16x12.png 16w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 991px) 100vw, 991px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Use Edit Assist to:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>locate individual oversized particles or particles above a defined size;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>distinguish isolated oversize from a generally coarse distribution;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>identify where the largest measured particles occur in the source image; and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>review whether those particles have been delineated correctly.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-block-colours\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Block Colours<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">WipFrag can also colour the delineated particles according to their measured size. Larger particles are shown with progressively hotter colours (redder), while smaller particles appear cooler (bluer).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Block Colours can help you:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>see how coarse and fine material is distributed through the image;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>identify areas containing relatively larger particles;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>spot areas worth reviewing more closely;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>relate the PSD and histogram back to the source image; and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>visually check whether the measured size pattern makes sense.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-full-width\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Block-Colours-Comparison-1024x512.png\" alt=\"The same image compared with and without Block Colours feature\" class=\"wp-image-11026\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Block-Colours-Comparison-1024x512.png 1024w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Block-Colours-Comparison-300x150.png 300w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Block-Colours-Comparison-768x384.png 768w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Block-Colours-Comparison-18x9.png 18w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Block-Colours-Comparison.png 1499w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:34%\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Particles that are NOT fully contained within the image and user-defined Area of Interest will NOT be included in the analysis.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Block Colours feature can help you quickly establish which particles have been included.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Block Colours are also a visual interpretation aid. They do NOT replace the PSD curve, histogram, or numerical size results.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size is-horizontal is-layout-flex wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\">1. Start With the WipFrag Chart<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\">2. Read the Particle Size Distribution Curve<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\">3. Understand D-Values<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\">4. Understand the WipFrag Statistics<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\">5. Read the Histogram and Size Classes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\">6. Use the Specification Envelope<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\">7. Review Particle Size Visually<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\">8. Interpret Particle Shape and Colour Results<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\">9. Combine and Compare Results<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\">10. Calibration, Fines and Measurement Limits<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\">11. Turn WipFrag Results Into Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\">12. Spatial Results for UAV Analysis<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\">13. Export and Record Results<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\">WipFrag Results Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 id=\"h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">8. Interpret Particle Shape and Colour Results<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-sphericity-through-the-distribution\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sphericity through the distribution<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In addition to the overall Sphericity statistic, WipFrag can display sphericity markers through the histogram.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These show how apparent particle shape changes across the measured size classes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This can help answer questions such as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Are the larger particles more elongated than the smaller material?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Is particle shape changing with size?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Did a process change affect both size and shape?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Use the sphericity information together with the histogram and PSD rather than treating it as a separate quality score.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The desired shape depends on the application. Higher sphericity is NOT automatically better.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-colour-id\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Colour ID<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When Colour ID has been configured during the analysis, WipFrag can report the percentage of material matching the user-defined colour profile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Up to two Colour IDs can be defined.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Use Colour ID when colour itself is a useful visual discriminator within the application.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Examples may include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>visually distinct material types;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>contamination;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>dilution;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>product colour differences; or<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>other user-defined colour classes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Colour ID is a <strong>colour-match measurement<\/strong>. It should NOT be interpreted as chemical, mineralogical, or object identification unless the colour relationship has been established separately for the application.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size is-horizontal is-layout-flex wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\">1. Start With the WipFrag Chart<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\">2. Read the Particle Size Distribution Curve<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\">3. Understand D-Values<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\">4. Understand the WipFrag Statistics<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\">5. Read the Histogram and Size Classes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\">6. Use the Specification Envelope<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\">7. Review Particle Size Visually<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\">8. Interpret Particle Shape and Colour Results<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\">9. Combine and Compare Results<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\">10. Calibration, Fines and Measurement Limits<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\">11. Turn WipFrag Results Into Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\">12. Spatial Results for UAV Analysis<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\">13. Export and Record Results<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\">WipFrag Results Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 id=\"h-9-combine-and-compare-results\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">9. Combine and Compare Results<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One image often represents only part of a larger sample. Where several images have been captured as representative samples of the <strong>same material population<\/strong>, WipFrag can combine analyses into a merged result.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-when-to-merge\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">When to merge<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Merge results when several analyses were intentionally collected to represent:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>one blast;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>one pile;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>one stockpile;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>one laboratory sample;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>one production period; or<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>another defined sample population.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The merged result provides a broader PSD than relying on one individual image.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-when-not-to-merge\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">When NOT to merge<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do NOT merge samples simply because they are available. Keep analyses separate when the purpose is to compare:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>different blasts;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>different operating conditions;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>different material types;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>different process stages;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>different geological areas; or<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>different time periods.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Otherwise, the differences you are trying to observe may disappear into the combined distribution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-compare-like-with-like\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Compare like with like<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When tracking changes, keep the sampling and analysis method as consistent as practical. Differences in the following variables can influence the result independently of a true change in the material:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>viewing distance;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>sample location;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>image resolution;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>scaling;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>lighting;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>analysis method; or<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>particle-size visibility.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Use the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipfrag-image-capture-and-sampling-guide\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"10311\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Image Capture and Sampling Guide<\/a><\/strong> to help design a repeatable sampling program.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-choose-what-you-need-to-track\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Choose what you need to track<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Avoid collecting numbers simply because they are available. Before establishing a baseline or beginning a comparison study, decide which WipFrag results truly matter to the decision. Useful measurements may include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>D50 or D80;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">another application-specific D-value;<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">percentage passing a defined size;<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">percentage above an oversize threshold;<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">material within a selected size range;<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">uniformity coefficient;<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">sphericity;<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">Colour ID;<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">specification status; or<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>another defined site or process KPI.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Choose measurements that relate directly to the process, product, study, or operating objective, then use those measurements consistently throughout the comparison.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-build-a-baseline\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Build a baseline<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Once the measurements that matter have been selected, establish their normal range before using them to judge process changes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A single comparison can show that two samples are different. A series of representative measurements collected under normal operating conditions provides much stronger context.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Where practical, establish a baseline from several representative analyses collected under normal operating conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Then track the results that matter to the application, such as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>D50;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D80;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>percentage above or below a process threshold;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>uniformity coefficient;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>sphericity;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>specification status;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Colour ID; or<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>another site-specific KPI.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This makes it easier to distinguish normal variation from a meaningful process change.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                REMEMBER\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                <b>A trend is usually more useful than an isolated number.<\/b>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size is-horizontal is-layout-flex wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\">1. Start With the WipFrag Chart<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\">2. Read the Particle Size Distribution Curve<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\">3. Understand D-Values<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\">4. Understand the WipFrag Statistics<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\">5. Read the Histogram and Size Classes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\">6. Use the Specification Envelope<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\">7. Review Particle Size Visually<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\">8. Interpret Particle Shape and Colour Results<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\">9. Combine and Compare Results<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\">10. Calibration, Fines and Measurement Limits<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\">11. Turn WipFrag Results Into Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\">12. Spatial Results for UAV Analysis<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\">13. Export and Record Results<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\">WipFrag Results Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 id=\"h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">10. Calibration, Fines and Measurement Limits<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A WipFrag result must always be interpreted within the limits of the imagery and sampling used to create it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-wipfrag-can-only-measure-what-is-represented\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">WipFrag can only measure what is represented<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The chart does NOT create information that was absent from the sample.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If the imagery did NOT adequately represent:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>the largest particles;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the smallest particles;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>a segregated portion of the sample; or<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>another important part of the material,<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">the PSD may NOT fully represent the complete material population.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-the-fine-end\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">The fine end<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fine particles are especially dependent on image resolution and visibility.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If individual particles cannot be distinguished in the original image, they cannot be directly measured from that image.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For broad particle size distributions, use additional closer images where appropriate rather than expecting one wide image to resolve every relevant size.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <strong>Zoom-Merge<\/strong> approach can combine analyses captured at different scales of observation to better represent broad distributions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"h-zoom-merge\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Zoom-Merge<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Zoom-Merge combines analyses captured at different scales of observation. Wider images represent larger particles, while closer images improve the visibility of smaller particles that may be below the resolution of the wider view.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The results can then be merged to provide a more representative particle size distribution when the material contains a broad range of sizes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-relative-results-versus-calibrated-results\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Relative results versus calibrated results<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">WipFrag results can be valuable for comparative measurement even without calibration when the sampling and analysis method remains consistent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For example, repeated analyses can show whether material is trending:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>coarser;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>finer;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>broader;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>narrower;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>more or less elongated; or<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>toward or away from an operating target.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For many monitoring applications, the consistency of the measurement method is what makes the trend useful.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Calibration becomes important when the WipFrag result needs to correspond more closely with a physical sieve reference.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-calibration\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Calibration<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">WipFrag results can be calibrated using the <strong>Swebrec<\/strong>, <strong>Rosin-Rammler<\/strong> or <strong>xP-Fan<\/strong> models.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"780\" height=\"260\" src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Calibration-Options.png\" alt=\"The 3 calibration options for WipFrag analysis results.\" class=\"wp-image-11027\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Calibration-Options.png 780w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Calibration-Options-300x100.png 300w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Calibration-Options-768x256.png 768w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Calibration-Options-18x6.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 780px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h4 id=\"h-fines-target\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Fines Target<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">xP-Fan calibration is <strong>only for blast fragmentation<\/strong> results. It requires a user selection of high, medium, or low fines for the image sample being analyzed. The resulting xP-Fan equation will be displayed on the chart.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"h-sieve-target\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sieve Target<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sieve calibration with Swebrec or Rosin-Rammler requires:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>real-world sieve results<\/strong> from the material; and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>WipFrag analysis of <strong>the same material<\/strong> that was sieved.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The sieve and image-analysis data can then be used to calculate a correction using the available calibration models.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-use-calibration-when\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Use calibration when<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>long-term results need to correlate with a physical sieve reference;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">a repeatable production application has been established;<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">representative sieve data are available; or<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the image-based result needs to be adjusted to an agreed physical reference method.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-do-not-use-calibration-to-compensate-for-poor-sampling\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Do NOT use calibration to compensate for poor sampling<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Calibration cannot correct an image that did NOT represent the material in the first place.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Good sampling and image capture still come first. You can read the <strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipfrag-image-capture-and-sampling-guide\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"10311\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Image Capture and Sampling Guide<\/a><\/strong><\/strong> for a good starting point before the analysis process begins.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                IMPORTANT\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                <b>Sampling determines what material is represented. Calibration adjusts how that measured distribution relates to a reference.<\/b> They solve different problems.\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size is-horizontal is-layout-flex wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\">1. Start With the WipFrag Chart<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\">2. Read the Particle Size Distribution Curve<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\">3. Understand D-Values<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\">4. Understand the WipFrag Statistics<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\">5. Read the Histogram and Size Classes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\">6. Use the Specification Envelope<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\">7. Review Particle Size Visually<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\">8. Interpret Particle Shape and Colour Results<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\">9. Combine and Compare Results<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\">10. Calibration, Fines and Measurement Limits<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\">11. Turn WipFrag Results Into Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\">12. Spatial Results for UAV Analysis<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\">13. Export and Record Results<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\">WipFrag Results Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 id=\"h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">11. Turn WipFrag Results Into Decisions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The purpose of WipFrag results is NOT simply to produce a PSD curve.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Use the output to answer a defined operational or technical question.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-is-the-material-becoming-coarser-or-finer\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Is the material becoming coarser or finer?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Compare:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>D50;<ul><li>D80;<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>other relevant D-values; and<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>the overall PSD curve.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do NOT rely on one percentile alone when the full distribution matters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-how-much-material-is-below-a-process-threshold\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">How much material is below a process threshold?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Use <strong>percentage passing<\/strong> at the relevant size.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For example, if a process limit is 75 mm, determine the percentage passing 75 mm directly from the curve or histogram. The remaining percentage is above that size.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-how-much-oversize-is-present\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">How much oversize is present?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Define the oversize threshold as a relevant size class.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Use the percentage above that threshold rather than relying only on <em>Xmax<\/em> or the largest measured particle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Xmax<\/em> tells you about the largest particle measured; it does NOT tell you how much oversize material exists.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If the number and location of individual oversized particles matters, use Edit Assist in addition to the percentage result.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-is-the-distribution-becoming-more-or-less-uniform\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Is the distribution becoming more or less uniform?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Review:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>the shape of the PSD curve;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">the histogram; and<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the Rosin-Rammler <em>n<\/em> value.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Higher <em>n<\/em> indicates a narrower size distribution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-is-the-result-meeting-the-operating-target\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Is the result meeting the operating target?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Use the <strong>specification envelope<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This provides a direct comparison between the measured PSD and the defined minimum and maximum passing limits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-has-particle-shape-changed\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Has particle shape changed?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Compare sphericity under consistent sampling and analysis conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Review both the average result and the sphericity through the size classes where appropriate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-is-colour-related-material-changing\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Is colour-related material changing?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Where Colour ID has been deliberately configured for the application, compare the percentage matching the defined colour profiles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-are-coarse-particles-concentrated-in-one-part-of-the-sample\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Are coarse particles concentrated in one part of the sample?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Use:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Block Colours;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>oversize highlighting;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the original image; and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>spatial results where available.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This can help distinguish a generally coarse sample from a localized coarse zone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-what-caused-the-result\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">What caused the result?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">WipFrag measures the resulting material characteristics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The PSD can show that material became:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>coarser;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>finer;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>broader;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>narrower;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>more elongated;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>less elongated; or<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>different in colour.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It does NOT, by itself, establish the cause.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To determine why the result changed, compare WipFrag data with the appropriate context, such as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>drill-and-blast records;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>geology;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>crusher settings;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>screen configuration;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>feed rate;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>process conditions;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>material source; or<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>other operating data.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                REMEMBER\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                <b>Measure first. Diagnose second.<\/b> Use WipFrag to establish what changed, then use the relevant operating information to investigate why.            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size is-horizontal is-layout-flex wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\">1. Start With the WipFrag Chart<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\">2. Read the Particle Size Distribution Curve<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\">3. Understand D-Values<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\">4. Understand the WipFrag Statistics<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\">5. Read the Histogram and Size Classes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\">6. Use the Specification Envelope<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\">7. Review Particle Size Visually<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\">8. Interpret Particle Shape and Colour Results<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\">9. Combine and Compare Results<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\">10. Calibration, Fines and Measurement Limits<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\">11. Turn WipFrag Results Into Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\">12. Spatial Results for UAV Analysis<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\">13. Export and Record Results<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\">WipFrag Results Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 id=\"h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">12. Spatial Results for UAV Analysis<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For UAV analyses with location information, WipFrag can display results spatially using the GIS heatmap.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Depending on the selected result, the heatmap can show spatial changes in values such as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>D80;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">D95;<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">Xc;<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">sphericity;<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">uniformity; and<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Colour ID.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This can help identify where the material differs across a large sampled area rather than reducing the entire area to one merged value.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-full-width\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"835\" height=\"829\" src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-UAV-GIS-Heatmap.png\" alt=\"A screenshot of WipFrag's GIS feature showing the heatmap of a UAV orthomosaic image analysis.\" class=\"wp-image-11028\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-UAV-GIS-Heatmap.png 835w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-UAV-GIS-Heatmap-300x298.png 300w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-UAV-GIS-Heatmap-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-UAV-GIS-Heatmap-768x762.png 768w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-UAV-GIS-Heatmap-12x12.png 12w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-UAV-GIS-Heatmap-75x75.png 75w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 835px) 100vw, 835px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-interpret-heatmaps-relative-to-the-target\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Interpret heatmaps relative to the target<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Heatmap colours indicate relative differences in the selected result.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For particle-size outputs, hotter colours generally represent larger values, and cooler colours represent smaller values.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For other measurements, the colour relationship depends on the selected result.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do NOT assume that a visually hot or cold area is automatically good or bad.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For example, larger particle size may be undesirable in one application and acceptable or expected in another.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Use the heatmap to identify <strong>where values differ<\/strong>, then interpret those differences against the operating target and sampling context.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-use-spatial-results-to-investigate-variation\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Use spatial results to investigate variation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Spatial results can help identify:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>coarse or fine zones;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">changing uniformity across a blast;<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">areas with different apparent particle shape;<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">colour-related variation; or<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>locations that should be reviewed against drill, blast, geological, or process information.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The heatmap helps locate the variation. It does NOT, by itself, explain the cause.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size is-horizontal is-layout-flex wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\">1. Start With the WipFrag Chart<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\">2. Read the Particle Size Distribution Curve<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\">3. Understand D-Values<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\">4. Understand the WipFrag Statistics<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\">5. Read the Histogram and Size Classes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\">6. Use the Specification Envelope<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\">7. Review Particle Size Visually<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\">8. Interpret Particle Shape and Colour Results<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\">9. Combine and Compare Results<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\">10. Calibration, Fines and Measurement Limits<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\">11. Turn WipFrag Results Into Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\">12. Spatial Results for UAV Analysis<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\">13. Export and Record Results<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\">WipFrag Results Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:60%\">\n<h2 id=\"h-13-export-and-record-results\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">13. Export and Record Results<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">WipFrag results can be exported for reporting, analysis, and record keeping.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Available output formats include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>PDF:<\/strong>&nbsp; formatted report or chart output.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>PNG:<\/strong>&nbsp; image output for presentations, reports, or documentation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>CSV:<\/strong>&nbsp; numerical result data for use in spreadsheets, databases, or other analysis tools.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>ANA:&nbsp;<\/strong> the WipFrag analysis file, preserving the analysis for later use or sharing.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For projects containing merged analyses, individual ANA export is NOT available as a single project file.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:40%\"><div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"410\" height=\"299\" src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Export-Options.png\" alt=\"The export options for WipFrag analysis data.\" class=\"wp-image-11029\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Export-Options.png 410w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Export-Options-300x219.png 300w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Export-Options-16x12.png 16w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 410px) 100vw, 410px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:60%\">\n<h3 id=\"h-keep-enough-context-with-the-result\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Keep enough context with the result<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When results will be compared later, retain information such as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>sample or project name;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>date;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>location;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>material or source;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>operating condition;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>capture method;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>relevant process or blast settings; and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>any other information needed to understand what the result represents.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Use clear and consistent naming when results will become part of a longer-term monitoring program.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A PSD without its sampling and operating context can be difficult to interpret later.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:40%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-style-default\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"425\" height=\"550\" src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-PDF-Report-Preview.png\" alt=\"PDF report preview from WipFrag\" class=\"wp-image-11030\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-PDF-Report-Preview.png 425w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-PDF-Report-Preview-232x300.png 232w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-PDF-Report-Preview-9x12.png 9w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 425px) 100vw, 425px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size is-horizontal is-layout-flex wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\">1. Start With the WipFrag Chart<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\">2. Read the Particle Size Distribution Curve<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\">3. Understand D-Values<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\">4. Understand the WipFrag Statistics<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\">5. Read the Histogram and Size Classes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\">6. Use the Specification Envelope<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\">7. Review Particle Size Visually<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\">8. Interpret Particle Shape and Colour Results<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\">9. Combine and Compare Results<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\">10. Calibration, Fines and Measurement Limits<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\">11. Turn WipFrag Results Into Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\">12. Spatial Results for UAV Analysis<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\">13. Export and Record Results<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\">WipFrag Results Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 id=\"h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">WipFrag Results Quick Reference<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-start-with-the-curve\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Start With the Curve<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>What material or sample does this result represent?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What decision am I trying to make?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Is the PSD generally where I expected it to be?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Is there a defined target, baseline, or previous result for comparison?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-check-the-key-sizes\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Check the Key Sizes<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>D50:<\/strong> 50% passing size.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>D80:<\/strong> 80% passing size.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Other D-values<\/strong> \u2013 Use the percentile that matters to the application.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><em>Xc<\/em>:<\/strong>&nbsp; Rosin-Rammler characteristic size; equivalent to D63.2.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><em>X50<\/em>:<\/strong> Swebrec 50% passing size; equivalent to D50.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><em>Xmax<\/em>:<\/strong>&nbsp; Largest particle measured \/ Swebrec maximum size.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-check-the-distribution\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Check the Distribution<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><em>n<\/em>:<\/strong>&nbsp; Is the distribution becoming narrower or broader?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Histogram:<\/strong> &nbsp;Which size ranges contain the material?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Histogram width:&nbsp;<\/strong> Is the distribution concentrated or spread across a wide size range?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Fine \/ coarse tails:&nbsp;<\/strong> Is significant material present at either end?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Percentage Passing:&nbsp;<\/strong> How much is below the operational threshold?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Percentage Retained:&nbsp;<\/strong> How much lies within the selected size ranges?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-check-oversize\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Check Oversize<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>What size defines oversize for this application?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What percentage is above that threshold?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>How many individual particles exceed the threshold?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Are those particles isolated or widespread?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Have the largest particles been delineated correctly?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-check-other-measurements\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Check Other Measurements<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Sphericity:<\/strong>&nbsp; Has apparent particle shape changed?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sphericity through the histogram:<\/strong>&nbsp; Does shape vary by particle size?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Colour ID:<\/strong>&nbsp; Has the user-defined colour proportion changed?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Coverage \/ Particles:<\/strong>&nbsp; Do the supporting analysis statistics make sense?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-check-against-the-target\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Check Against the Target<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Is a specification envelope available?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Where does the curve meet or leave the target range?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Is the difference at the fine, middle, or coarse end?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-check-the-measurement\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Check the Measurement<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Were the images representative?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Were the important particle sizes visible?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Should several analyses be merged?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Is this a relative comparison or does it need calibration?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Is suitable sieve data available if calibration is required?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Does the result need to be compared with process, geological, or blast data?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-look-for-trends\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Look for Trends<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Is there a baseline for normal operation?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Is this result outside normal variation?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Is the change persistent across several analyses?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Were the samples collected using a comparable method?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-record-the-result\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Record the Result<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Export the required PDF, PNG, CSV, or ANA file.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Keep the sample identity and operating context with the result.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Use consistent naming for future comparison.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<style>\n\/* =========================================================\n   MOBILE LAYOUT\n   DO column stacks above AVOID column.\n   Desktop\/tablet layout remains side-by-side.\n   ========================================================= *\/\n\n@media (max-width: 600px) {\n\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table {\n        display: block;\n        width: 100%;\n        border-collapse: separate;\n    }\n\n    \/* Hide desktop header *\/\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table thead {\n        display: none;\n    }\n\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tbody,\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tr {\n        display: block;\n        width: 100%;\n    }\n\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table td {\n        display: block;\n        width: 100% !important;\n        box-sizing: border-box;\n        padding: 12px 16px !important;\n        font-size: 16px !important;\n        line-height: 1.45;\n    }\n\n    \/* Remove desktop centre divider *\/\n    #general-do-avoid .do-column {\n        border-right: none !important;\n    }\n\n    \/* Mobile DO header *\/\n    #general-do-avoid .do-column::before {\n        content: \"WIPFRAG RESULTS \u2013 DO\";\n        display: block;\n        margin: -12px -16px 12px -16px;\n        padding: 9px 16px;\n        background-color: #00b050;\n        color: #ffffff;\n        font-size: 20px;\n        font-weight: bold;\n        text-align: center;\n        border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n    }\n\n    \/* Thick divider before AVOID section *\/\n    #general-do-avoid .avoid-column {\n        border-top: 3pt solid #000000;\n    }\n\n    \/* Mobile AVOID header *\/\n    #general-do-avoid .avoid-column::before {\n        content: \"WIPFRAG RESULTS \u2013 AVOID\";\n        display: block;\n        margin: -12px -16px 12px -16px;\n        padding: 9px 16px;\n        background-color: #ee0000;\n        color: #ffffff;\n        font-size: 20px;\n        font-weight: bold;\n        text-align: center;\n        border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n    }\n}\n<\/style>\n\n\n<div id=\"general-do-avoid\">\n\n<table class=\"do-avoid-table\" style=\"\n    width:100%;\n    border-collapse:collapse;\n    border:3pt solid #000000;\n    font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n\n    <!-- =====================================================\n         HEADER ROW\n         ===================================================== -->\n    <thead>\n        <tr>\n            <th style=\"\n                width:50%;\n                background-color:#00b050;\n                color:#ffffff;\n                font-size:22px;\n                font-weight:bold;\n                text-align:center;\n                padding:12px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n                border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                WIPFRAG RESULTS \u2013 DO\n            <\/th>\n\n            <th style=\"\n                width:50%;\n                background-color:#ee0000;\n                color:#ffffff;\n                font-size:22px;\n                font-weight:bold;\n                text-align:center;\n                padding:12px 16px;\n                border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                WIPFRAG RESULTS \u2013 AVOID\n            <\/th>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/thead>\n\n\n    <!-- =====================================================\n         SINGLE CONTENT ROW\n         ===================================================== -->\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n\n            <!-- =================================================\n                 DO COLUMN\n                 Add\/remove DO items here.\n                 ================================================= -->\n            <td class=\"do-column\" style=\"\n                width:50%;\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n                vertical-align:top;\n            \">\n\n                <!-- ===== DO 1 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Start with the operational or technical question.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== DO 2 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Read the full PSD curve, NOT only one statistic.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== DO 3 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use D-values that are meaningful to the application.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== DO 4 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use percentage passing at real process thresholds.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== DO 5 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use the histogram to understand individual size ranges.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== DO 6 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Look at both the centre and tails of the distribution.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== DO 7 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use <i>n<\/i> when distribution uniformity matters.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== DO 8 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use the specification envelope when defined targets are available.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== DO 9 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use Edit Assist when individual oversize particles matter.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== DO 10 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use Block Colours to relate numerical sizes back to the image.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== DO 11 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Compare results collected using consistent sampling methods.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== DO 12 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Build a baseline before drawing conclusions from normal variation.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== DO 13 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Merge analyses that represent the same intended sample population.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== DO 14 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Keep sampling and operating context with exported results.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== DO 15 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use calibration when suitable reference data are available.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== DO 16 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Review the original image whenever a result appears unusual.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n            <\/td>\n\n\n            <!-- =================================================\n                 AVOID COLUMN\n                 Add\/remove AVOID items here.\n                 ================================================= -->\n            <td class=\"avoid-column\" style=\"\n                width:50%;\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                vertical-align:top;\n            \">\n\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 1 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Treating smaller particle size as automatically better.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 2 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Considering D50 as an arithmetic mean.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 3 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Using one D-value to describe every aspect of the PSD.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 4 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Using <i>Xmax<\/i> alone to describe oversize.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 5 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Confusing particle count with percentage of material.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 6 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Assuming a narrow distribution is always preferable.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 7 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Treating sphericity as a universal quality score.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 8 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Assuming a PSD explains why a process changed.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 9 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Comparing results without considering how the samples were captured.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 10 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Merging fundamentally different samples into one result.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 11 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Over-interpreting particles near or below the image resolution.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 12 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Using calibration to compensate for unrepresentative sampling.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 13 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Treating Block Colours or GIS heatmaps as good\/bad indicators without an application target.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 14 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Treating Colour ID as chemical or material identification without application-specific validation.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n            <\/td>\n\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n\n<\/table>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                MORE INFORMATION\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                For image capture, sampling, and scaling guidance, refer to the <b><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipfrag-image-capture-and-sampling-guide\/\">Image Capture and Sampling Guide<\/a>.<\/b> For all software controls and configurations refer to the latest <b><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=6685\">WipFrag User Manual<\/a>.<\/b>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large has-small-font-size is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-content-justification-center is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-d05cb3ef wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size is-horizontal is-content-justification-left is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-7b4c9225 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-container-content-8c91ba3b wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\">1. Start With the WipFrag Chart<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-container-content-8c91ba3b wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-container-content-8c91ba3b wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\">2. Read the Particle Size Distribution Curve<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-container-content-8c91ba3b wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-container-content-8c91ba3b wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\">3. Understand D-Values<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-container-content-8c91ba3b wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-container-content-8c91ba3b wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\">4. Understand the WipFrag Statistics<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-container-content-8c91ba3b wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-container-content-8c91ba3b wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\">5. Read the Histogram and Size Classes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-container-content-8c91ba3b wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-container-content-8c91ba3b wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\">6. Use the Specification Envelope<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-container-content-8c91ba3b wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-container-content-8c91ba3b wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\">7. Review Particle Size Visually<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-container-content-8c91ba3b wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-container-content-8c91ba3b wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\">8. Interpret Particle Shape and Colour Results<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-container-content-8c91ba3b wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-container-content-8c91ba3b wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\">9. Combine and Compare Results<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-container-content-8c91ba3b wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-container-content-8c91ba3b wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\">10. Calibration, Fines and Measurement Limits<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-container-content-8c91ba3b wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-container-content-8c91ba3b wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\">11. Turn WipFrag Results Into Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-container-content-8c91ba3b wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-container-content-8c91ba3b wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\">12. Spatial Results for UAV Analysis<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-container-content-8c91ba3b wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-container-content-8c91ba3b wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\">13. Export and Record Results<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-container-content-8c91ba3b wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-container-content-8c91ba3b wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\">WipFrag Results Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons wp-container-content-7c51e427 is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=11046\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PDF \u2b73<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator aligncenter has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-thick\" id=\"h-related-articles\"\/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0915\u0923 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923, \u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 WipFrag \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e<\/p>","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":11041,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[91],"tags":[58],"class_list":["post-10998","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kb","tag-wipfrag"],"acf":{"related_posts":[{"ID":10311,"post_author":"20","post_date":"2026-09-25 18:03:59","post_date_gmt":"2026-09-25 22:03:59","post_content":"<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"width\":\"100%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\" style=\"flex-basis:100%\"><!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"space-between\",\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:post-excerpt {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fill\",\"flexSize\":null},\"typography\":{\"fontStyle\":\"italic\",\"fontWeight\":\"700\"}}} \/-->\n\n<!-- wp:buttons {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons\"><!-- wp:button -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=10814\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">PDF \u2b73<\/a><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:button --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:buttons --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"20px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"20px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:yoast-seo\/table-of-contents {\"level\":3,\"maxHeadingLevel\":2} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-yoast-seo-table-of-contents yoast-table-of-contents\"><h3>Contents<\/h3><ul><li><a href=\"#h-getting-good-wipfrag-results\" data-level=\"2\">Getting Good WipFrag Results<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-1-terrestrial-images-piles-stockpiles-and-bulk-material\" data-level=\"2\">1. Terrestrial Images \u2013 Piles, Stockpiles, and Bulk Material<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-2-uav-drone-images-large-area-capture\" data-level=\"2\">2. UAV \/ Drone Images \u2013 Large-Area Capture<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-3-underground-image-capture\" data-level=\"2\">3. Underground Image Capture<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-4-lab-samples-trays-and-microscopy\" data-level=\"2\">4. Lab Samples, Trays, and Microscopy<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-5-before-you-leave-the-sample\" data-level=\"2\">5. Before You Leave the Sample<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-additional-information\" data-level=\"2\">Additional Information<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:yoast-seo\/table-of-contents -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-getting-good-wipfrag-results\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-getting-good-wipfrag-results\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Getting Good WipFrag Results<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Good <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/wipfrag\/\" data-type=\"products\" data-id=\"36\">WipFrag<\/a> results begin with images that are <strong>clear, properly scaled, and representative of the material being measured.<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Before capturing an image, ask:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Can I clearly see the particles I need to measure?<\/strong><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Does this image represent the material I am measuring?<\/strong><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Am I using the correct scaling method?<\/strong><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For large or variable samples, capture multiple representative images rather than relying on a single photograph.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-general-capture-rules\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-general-capture-rules\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">General Capture Rules<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<style>\n\/* =========================================================\n   MOBILE LAYOUT\n   All DO items stack first, followed by all AVOID items.\n   Desktop\/tablet layout is unaffected.\n   ========================================================= *\/\n\n@media (max-width: 600px) {\n\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table {\n        display: block;\n        width: 100%;\n        border-collapse: separate;\n    }\n\n    \/* Hide the original two-column header *\/\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table thead {\n        display: none;\n    }\n\n    \/*\n     * Flatten the table rows so the cells can be reordered.\n     * This allows every DO cell to appear before every AVOID cell.\n     *\/\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tbody {\n        display: flex;\n        flex-direction: column;\n        width: 100%;\n    }\n\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tr {\n        display: contents;\n    }\n\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table td {\n        display: block;\n        width: 100% !important;\n        box-sizing: border-box;\n        padding: 12px 16px !important;\n        font-size: 16px !important;\n        line-height: 1.45;\n    }\n\n    \/* All DO cells first *\/\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table td:first-child {\n        order: 1;\n        border-right: none !important;\n    }\n\n    \/* All AVOID cells second *\/\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table td:last-child {\n        order: 2;\n    }\n\n    \/* Mobile DO header *\/\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tr:first-child td:first-child::before {\n        content: \"DO\";\n        display: block;\n        margin: -12px -16px 12px -16px;\n        padding: 9px 16px;\n        background-color: #00b050;\n        color: #ffffff;\n        font-size: 20px;\n        font-weight: bold;\n        text-align: center;\n        border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n    }\n\n    \/* Thick divider before AVOID section *\/\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tr:first-child td:last-child {\n        border-top: 3pt solid #000000;\n    }\n\n    \/* Mobile AVOID header *\/\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tr:first-child td:last-child::before {\n        content: \"AVOID\";\n        display: block;\n        margin: -12px -16px 12px -16px;\n        padding: 9px 16px;\n        background-color: #ee0000;\n        color: #ffffff;\n        font-size: 20px;\n        font-weight: bold;\n        text-align: center;\n        border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n    }\n}\n<\/style>\n\n\n<div id=\"general-do-avoid\">\n\n<table class=\"do-avoid-table\" style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #000000;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n\n    <!-- =====================================================\n         HEADER\n         ===================================================== -->\n    <thead>\n        <tr>\n            <th style=\"\n                width: 50%;\n                background-color: #00b050;\n                color: #ffffff;\n                font-size: 22px;\n                font-weight: bold;\n                text-align: center;\n                padding: 12px 16px;\n                border-right: 3pt solid #000000;\n                border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                DO\n            <\/th>\n\n            <th style=\"\n                width: 50%;\n                background-color: #ee0000;\n                color: #ffffff;\n                font-size: 22px;\n                font-weight: bold;\n                text-align: center;\n                padding: 12px 16px;\n                border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                AVOID\n            <\/th>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/thead>\n\n\n    <!-- =====================================================\n         CONTENT\n         ===================================================== -->\n    <tbody>\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 1 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 1 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Fill the image with the material being analyzed.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 1 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Large areas of sky, floor, walls, equipment or background.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 2 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 2 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Capture sharp, well-focused images.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 2 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Motion blur or out-of-focus particles.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 3 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 3 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use even lighting that keeps particle boundaries visible.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 3 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Deep shadows, glare, or overexposure.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 4 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 4 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Capture enough particles to represent the material.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 4 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Extreme close-ups containing only a few particles.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 5 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 5 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Include the relevant range of particle sizes.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 5 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Selecting only obvious coarse or fine areas.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 6 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 6 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Keep the capture method consistent when comparing samples.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 6 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Changing the method between comparable samples.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 7 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 7 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use optical zoom or change your working distance when needed.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 7 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Digital zoom.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 8 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 8 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use multiple images for large or variable samples.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 8 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Assuming one convenient photograph represents the whole sample.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"50px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                REMEMBER\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                <b>WipFrag can only measure what the camera can see.<\/b> If a particle cannot be clearly distinguished in the original image, it cannot be reliably measured from that image.\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#top\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#top\">Top of Page<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-getting-good-wipfrag-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-getting-good-wipfrag-results\">Getting Good WipFrag Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-terrestrial-images-piles-stockpiles-and-bulk-material\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-terrestrial-images-piles-stockpiles-and-bulk-material\">Terrestrial Images<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-uav-drone-images-large-area-capture\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-uav-drone-images-large-area-capture\">UAV \/ Drone Images<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-underground-image-capture\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-underground-image-capture\">Underground Images<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-lab-samples-trays-and-microscopy\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-lab-samples-trays-and-microscopy\">Lab Samples, Trays, and Microscopy<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-6-before-you-leave-the-sample\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-6-before-you-leave-the-sample\">Before You Leave the Sample<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-7-additional-information\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-7-additional-information\">Additional Information<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-1-terrestrial-images-piles-stockpiles-and-bulk-material\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-1-terrestrial-images-piles-stockpiles-and-bulk-material\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Terrestrial Images \u2013 Piles, Stockpiles, and Bulk Material<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":10636,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Field-Image-Capture.png\" alt=\"A diagram of a person capturing images in the field with a handheld device using WipFrag.\" class=\"wp-image-10636\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-sample-the-pile-don-t-just-photograph-it\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-sample-the-pile-don-t-just-photograph-it\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sample the pile \u2013 don\u2019t just photograph it<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Muckpiles and stockpiles are rarely uniform. Coarse material may collect toward the toe or edges of the pile, while smaller material may collect elsewhere or become hidden beneath the surface. The same principles also apply when <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Wi4pfEPlcAk\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Wi4pfEPlcAk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">analyzing joint planes<\/a> with <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/news\/wipjoint-now-available-for-wipfrag-4-users\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"8440\">WipJoint<\/a>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Capture several representative areas rather than photographing only the easiest or most obvious location.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>For a large pile<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Capture <strong>several areas<\/strong> across the pile, do NOT take several images of the same area.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Include both central and outer areas where practical.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>If the pile is being excavated, capture newly exposed material as it becomes available (if possible).<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Keep images from the same pile, blast or sample grouped together for analysis.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For general rockpile work, <strong>five or more representative images<\/strong> is a useful starting point. Use more when the pile is highly variable or when oversized particles are especially important.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Where practical, capture <strong>hundreds of visible particles<\/strong> in each image. Avoid framing so tightly that one large particle dominates the view.<strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-position-the-camera\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-position-the-camera\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Position the camera<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Face the material as directly as practical and fill the frame with broken material.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Keep the camera reasonably square to the material surface. Stand far enough back to reduce perspective distortion, and use optical zoom when needed to fill the frame from a better or safer working position.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Avoid close, wide-angle photographs of sloped piles. They exaggerate the particles nearest the camera and make the farther material appear smaller.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-choose-the-right-viewing-distance\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-choose-the-right-viewing-distance\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Choose the right viewing distance<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Work close enough to clearly see the particles that matter, but far enough back to capture a representative area.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>If you are too far away, smaller particles may disappear into the image. If you are too close, the image may exclude larger particles or too much of the pile.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For broad size distributions, capture additional closer or wider views rather than expecting one image to represent every particle size equally well.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-scaling-terrestrial-images\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-scaling-terrestrial-images\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Scaling terrestrial images<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use the scaling method that matches how the image was captured.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"50%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4,\"anchor\":\"h-auto-scale\"} -->\n<h4 id=\"h-auto-scale\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Auto Scale<\/strong><\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"placeholder\":\"Content\u2026\"} -->\n<p>When capturing directly through WipFrag on a supported mobile device, Auto Scale can eliminate the need to place a physical scale in the image. For Auto Scale, position yourself on the same general level as the material being captured.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Read more about Auto Scale in the <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=6685\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=6685\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>WipFrag User Manual<\/strong><\/a> or watch the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=6JsUzxJ95ko\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=6JsUzxJ95ko\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Auto Scale tutorial video<\/strong><\/a> on YouTube.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"50%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":10644,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/WipFrag-4-in-quarry-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"A person using WipFrag on a mobile device in a quarry\" class=\"wp-image-10644\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"50%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4,\"anchor\":\"h-distance-scale-edm\"} -->\n<h4 id=\"h-distance-scale-edm\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Distance Scale (EDM)<\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"placeholder\":\"Content\u2026\"} -->\n<p>An electronic distance measurement (EDM) device can be used to measure the distance between camera and material. You must also know the material\u2019s angle of repose relative to the camera view axis. These values will then be used by WipFrag to calculate material scale. This method allows for the use of optical zoom lenses. This method can also be used with drones to capture scaled single images of material piles and\/or highwalls, provided the drone can indicate its distance from the material.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Read more about Distance Scale in the <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=6685\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=6685\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>WipFrag User Manual<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"50%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":10651,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/WipFrag-EDM-Distance-Scale-Diagram-1024x625.png\" alt=\"A diagram of a person using WipFrag, measuring distance with an EDM and measuring the angle of repose of the material pile\" class=\"wp-image-10651\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"50%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4,\"anchor\":\"h-single-scale\"} -->\n<h4 id=\"h-single-scale\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Single Scale<\/strong><\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"placeholder\":\"Content\u2026\"} -->\n<p>Use one physical scale when the material is approximately on one plane with little depth change across the image. This is NOT the best method for field images unless capturing a relatively flat surface from a top-down or perpendicular position.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Read more about physical scale reference objects in the <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=6685\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=6685\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>WipFrag User Manual<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"50%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":10660,\"aspectRatio\":\"3\/2\",\"scale\":\"cover\",\"focalPoint\":{\"x\":0.43,\"y\":0.34},\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Single-Scale-Example.png\" alt=\"An example of a single scale reference object used in an image\" class=\"wp-image-10660\" style=\"aspect-ratio:3\/2;object-fit:cover;object-position:43% 34%\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"50%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4,\"anchor\":\"h-dual-scale\"} -->\n<h4 id=\"h-dual-scale\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Dual Scale<\/strong><\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"placeholder\":\"Content\u2026\"} -->\n<p>Use two physical scales when the material slopes significantly away from the camera. Place the scales at different depths (foreground vs background), oriented horizontally in the image, so WipFrag can account for the change in perspective. This is the best method for field images when using physical scale reference objects.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Read more about physical scale reference objects in the <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=6685\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=6685\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>WipFrag User Manual<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"50%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":10662,\"aspectRatio\":\"3\/2\",\"scale\":\"cover\",\"focalPoint\":{\"x\":0.61,\"y\":0.3},\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Dual-Scale-Example-1024x769.png\" alt=\"An example of dual scale reference objects used in an image\" class=\"wp-image-10662\" style=\"aspect-ratio:3\/2;object-fit:cover;object-position:61% 30%\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Keep physical scales clearly visible and place them where they do NOT hide important material.<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\",\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-style-full-width has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"55%\",\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center has-small-font-size\" style=\"flex-basis:55%\"><!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #000000;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <thead>\n        <tr>\n            <th style=\"\n                background-color: #00b050;\n                color: #ffffff;\n                font-size: 22px;\n                font-weight: bold;\n                text-align: center;\n                padding: 12px 16px;\n                border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                TERRESTRIAL IMAGES \u2013 DO\n            <\/th>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/thead>\n\n    <tbody>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 1 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Capture several representative locations.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 2 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Fill the frame with material.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 3 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Keep the image sharp and in focus.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 4 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Capture enough particles to represent the sample.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 5 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use even lighting where practical.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 6 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use the appropriate scaling method.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 7 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Keep images from each pile, blast or sample grouped together.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 8 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Capture additional views when one image cannot show the full relevant size range.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\",\"blockVisibility\":{\"controlSets\":[{\"id\":1,\"enable\":true,\"controls\":{\"browserDevice\":{\"hideOnRuleSets\":true,\"ruleSets\":[{\"enable\":true,\"rules\":[{\"field\":\"deviceType\",\"operator\":\"any\",\"value\":[\"mobile\",\"robot\"]}]}]}}}]}} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"45%\",\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center has-small-font-size\" style=\"flex-basis:45%\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":10641,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Good-Field-Image-1.png\" alt=\"An example of a good field image, excellent for WipFrag analysis.\" class=\"wp-image-10641\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>An example of a well-captured field image, perfect for analysis.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\",\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-style-full-width has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"55%\",\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center has-small-font-size\" style=\"flex-basis:55%\"><!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #000000;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <thead>\n        <tr>\n            <th style=\"\n                background-color: #ee0000;\n                color: #ffffff;\n                font-size: 22px;\n                font-weight: bold;\n                text-align: center;\n                padding: 12px 16px;\n                border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                TERRESTRIAL IMAGES \u2013 AVOID\n            <\/th>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/thead>\n\n    <tbody>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 1 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Selecting only the coarsest or finest-looking areas.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 2 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Relying on one convenient photograph to represent a large or variable sample.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 3 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Extreme oblique angles.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 4 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Close wide-angle views.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 5 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Digital zoom.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 6 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Using a single scale where there is significant depth or slope.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 7 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Entering unstable material to place a scale object.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 8 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Filling the image with unnecessary sky, ground, equipment or surroundings.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\",\"blockVisibility\":{\"controlSets\":[{\"id\":1,\"enable\":true,\"controls\":{\"browserDevice\":{\"hideOnRuleSets\":true,\"ruleSets\":[{\"enable\":true,\"rules\":[{\"field\":\"deviceType\",\"operator\":\"any\",\"value\":[\"mobile\",\"robot\"]}]}]}}}]}} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"45%\",\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center has-small-font-size\" style=\"flex-basis:45%\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":10638,\"focalPoint\":{\"x\":1,\"y\":0},\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Bad-Field-Image-1.png\" alt=\"An example of a bad field image, not suitable for WipFrag analysis.\" class=\"wp-image-10638\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>An example of a poorly-captured field image, NOT suitable for analysis.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                REMEMBER\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                <b>You do NOT require scale reference objects to use WipFrag.<\/b> The built-in Auto Scale feature is extremely powerful. Try it out a few times to see how it works for your device type.\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"className\":\"is-style-default\",\"style\":{\"color\":{\"background\":\"#c6f6d5\"}}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-top is-style-default has-background\" style=\"background-color:#c6f6d5\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"style\":{\"color\":{\"background\":\"#c6f6d5\"},\"typography\":{\"fontSize\":\"0px\"}}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top has-background\" style=\"background-color:#c6f6d5;font-size:0px\"><!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\",\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":10666,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fit\",\"flexSize\":null}}} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Good-Smile-Icon.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10666\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"width\":\"0px\",\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"flexSize\":\"10px\",\"selfStretch\":\"fixed\"}}} -->\n<div style=\"height:100px;width:0px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"color\":{\"text\":\"#007a37\"},\"elements\":{\"link\":{\"color\":{\"text\":\"#007a37\"}}}},\"fontSize\":\"medium\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size\" style=\"color:#007a37\"><strong>Example Terrestrial Images - Good:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:gallery {\"columns\":1,\"linkTo\":\"none\",\"aspectRatio\":\"4\/3\",\"align\":\"center\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery aligncenter has-nested-images columns-1 is-cropped\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":10681,\"aspectRatio\":\"4\/3\",\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"className\":\"is-style-default\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-style-default\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Good-Field-Image-2.png\" alt=\"An example of a good field image, excellent for WipFrag analysis\" class=\"wp-image-10681\" style=\"aspect-ratio:4\/3\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":10679,\"aspectRatio\":\"4\/3\",\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"className\":\"is-style-default\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-style-default\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Good-Field-Image-4.png\" alt=\"An example of a good field image, excellent for WipFrag analysis.\" class=\"wp-image-10679\" style=\"aspect-ratio:4\/3\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":10680,\"aspectRatio\":\"4\/3\",\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"className\":\"is-style-default\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-style-default\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Good-Field-Image-3.png\" alt=\"An example of a good field image, excellent for WipFrag analysis\" class=\"wp-image-10680\" style=\"aspect-ratio:4\/3\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:gallery --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-default\",\"style\":{\"elements\":{\"link\":{\"color\":{\"text\":\"var:preset|color|black\"}}},\"color\":{\"background\":\"#fed7d7\"}},\"textColor\":\"black\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-default has-black-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color\" style=\"background-color:#fed7d7\"><!-- wp:column {\"style\":{\"color\":{\"background\":\"#fed7d7\"},\"typography\":{\"fontSize\":\"0px\"}}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column has-background\" style=\"background-color:#fed7d7;font-size:0px\"><!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\",\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":10675,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fit\",\"flexSize\":null}}} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Bad-No-Icon.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10675\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"width\":\"0px\",\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"flexSize\":\"10px\",\"selfStretch\":\"fixed\"}}} -->\n<div style=\"height:100px;width:0px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"elements\":{\"link\":{\"color\":{\"text\":\"var:preset|color|vivid-red\"}}}},\"textColor\":\"vivid-red\",\"fontSize\":\"medium\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-vivid-red-color has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Example Terrestrial Images - Bad:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:gallery {\"columns\":1,\"linkTo\":\"none\",\"aspectRatio\":\"4\/3\",\"align\":\"center\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery aligncenter has-nested-images columns-1 is-cropped\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":10694,\"aspectRatio\":\"4\/3\",\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Bad-Field-Image-2.png\" alt=\"An example of a bad field image, not suitable for WipFrag analysis.\" class=\"wp-image-10694\" style=\"aspect-ratio:4\/3\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":10695,\"aspectRatio\":\"4\/3\",\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Bad-Field-Image-3.png\" alt=\"An example of a bad field image, not suitable for WipFrag analysis.\" class=\"wp-image-10695\" style=\"aspect-ratio:4\/3\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":10696,\"aspectRatio\":\"4\/3\",\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Bad-Field-Image-4.png\" alt=\"An example of a bad field image, not suitable for WipFrag analysis.\" class=\"wp-image-10696\" style=\"aspect-ratio:4\/3\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:gallery --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#top\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#top\">Top of Page<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-getting-good-wipfrag-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-getting-good-wipfrag-results\">Getting Good WipFrag Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-terrestrial-images-piles-stockpiles-and-bulk-material\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-terrestrial-images-piles-stockpiles-and-bulk-material\">Terrestrial Images<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-uav-drone-images-large-area-capture\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-uav-drone-images-large-area-capture\">UAV \/ Drone Images<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-underground-image-capture\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-underground-image-capture\">Underground Images<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-lab-samples-trays-and-microscopy\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-lab-samples-trays-and-microscopy\">Lab Samples, Trays, and Microscopy<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-6-before-you-leave-the-sample\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-6-before-you-leave-the-sample\">Before You Leave the Sample<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-7-additional-information\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-7-additional-information\">Additional Information<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-2-uav-drone-images-large-area-capture\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-2-uav-drone-images-large-area-capture\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. UAV \/ Drone Images \u2013 Large-Area Capture<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":10726,\"aspectRatio\":\"2.235955056179775\",\"scale\":\"contain\",\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/UAV-Image-Capture.png\" alt=\"A diagram of a drone capturing an image for analysis in WipFrag\" class=\"wp-image-10726\" style=\"aspect-ratio:2.235955056179775;object-fit:contain\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>UAV imagery is useful for large piles, blasts, stockpiles, and other areas that are difficult to represent with ground-based photographs.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For WipFrag orthomosaic analysis, focus on three things: <strong>complete coverage, sufficient overlap, and enough image detail to see the particles that matter<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-plan-the-flight\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-plan-the-flight\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Plan the flight<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Cover the entire area you intend to analyze, including its edges.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>For an automated mapping flight<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Point the camera <strong>straight down (90\u00b0)<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Use approximately <strong>80% image overlap<\/strong> in the direction of travel and between adjacent flight lines.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Use a regular grid or mapping flight pattern.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Keep a <strong>consistent altitude<\/strong> during the mapping pass.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Capture sharp still images without motion blur.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-choose-the-right-altitude\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-choose-the-right-altitude\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Choose the right altitude<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>As a practical starting point, <strong>20\u201340 m above the material<\/strong> works well for many applications.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Adjust the altitude for the camera, particle size, area being covered, and terrain<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Flying higher covers more area but reduces particle detail. Flying lower provides more detail but requires more images and careful coverage.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Fly low enough that the particles you care about remain clearly visible<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-check-flight-conditions\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-check-flight-conditions\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Check flight conditions<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Choose conditions that allow the UAV to remain stable and produce sharp, evenly exposed images.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Avoid strong wind, rain, poor visibility, heavy glare, deep shadows, or other conditions likely to produce blurred or poorly exposed images.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Before leaving the site, check the images for <strong>sharpness and complete coverage<\/strong> whenever practical.<strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-scaling-uav-imagery\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-scaling-uav-imagery\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Scaling UAV imagery<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A physical scale object is NOT normally required for WipFrag's UAV orthomosaic workflow.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Refer to the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=6685\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=6685\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">WipFrag User Manual<\/a><\/strong> for the current orthomosaic creation, scaling, and analysis procedure, or check out the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=sklCij1ET7Q\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=sklCij1ET7Q\">UAV orthomosaic tutorial<\/a> on our YouTube channel.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<style>\n\/* =========================================================\n   MOBILE LAYOUT\n   All DO items stack first, followed by all AVOID items.\n   Desktop\/tablet layout is unaffected.\n   ========================================================= *\/\n\n@media (max-width: 600px) {\n\n    #uav-do-avoid .do-avoid-table {\n        display: block;\n        width: 100%;\n        border-collapse: separate;\n    }\n\n    \/* Hide the original two-column header *\/\n    #uav-do-avoid .do-avoid-table thead {\n        display: none;\n    }\n\n    \/*\n     * Flatten the table rows so the cells can be reordered.\n     * This allows every DO cell to appear before every AVOID cell.\n     *\/\n    #uav-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tbody {\n        display: flex;\n        flex-direction: column;\n        width: 100%;\n    }\n\n    #uav-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tr {\n        display: contents;\n    }\n\n    #uav-do-avoid .do-avoid-table td {\n        display: block;\n        width: 100% !important;\n        box-sizing: border-box;\n        padding: 12px 16px !important;\n        font-size: 16px !important;\n        line-height: 1.45;\n    }\n\n    \/* All DO cells first *\/\n    #uav-do-avoid .do-avoid-table td:first-child {\n        order: 1;\n        border-right: none !important;\n    }\n\n    \/* All AVOID cells second *\/\n    #uav-do-avoid .do-avoid-table td:last-child {\n        order: 2;\n    }\n\n    \/* Mobile DO header *\/\n    #uav-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tr:first-child td:first-child::before {\n        content: \"UAV IMAGES \u2013 DO\";\n        display: block;\n        margin: -12px -16px 12px -16px;\n        padding: 9px 16px;\n        background-color: #00b050;\n        color: #ffffff;\n        font-size: 20px;\n        font-weight: bold;\n        text-align: center;\n        border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n    }\n\n    \/* Thick divider before AVOID section *\/\n    #uav-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tr:first-child td:last-child {\n        border-top: 3pt solid #000000;\n    }\n\n    \/* Mobile AVOID header *\/\n    #uav-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tr:first-child td:last-child::before {\n        content: \"UAV IMAGES \u2013 AVOID\";\n        display: block;\n        margin: -12px -16px 12px -16px;\n        padding: 9px 16px;\n        background-color: #ee0000;\n        color: #ffffff;\n        font-size: 20px;\n        font-weight: bold;\n        text-align: center;\n        border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n    }\n}\n<\/style>\n\n\n<div id=\"uav-do-avoid\">\n\n<table class=\"do-avoid-table\" style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #000000;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n\n    <!-- =====================================================\n         HEADER\n         ===================================================== -->\n    <thead>\n        <tr>\n            <th style=\"\n                width: 50%;\n                background-color: #00b050;\n                color: #ffffff;\n                font-size: 22px;\n                font-weight: bold;\n                text-align: center;\n                padding: 12px 16px;\n                border-right: 3pt solid #000000;\n                border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                UAV IMAGES \u2013 DO\n            <\/th>\n\n            <th style=\"\n                width: 50%;\n                background-color: #ee0000;\n                color: #ffffff;\n                font-size: 22px;\n                font-weight: bold;\n                text-align: center;\n                padding: 12px 16px;\n                border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                UAV IMAGES \u2013 AVOID\n            <\/th>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/thead>\n\n\n    <!-- =====================================================\n         CONTENT\n         ===================================================== -->\n    <tbody>\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 1 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 1 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Cover the complete blast or sample area.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 1 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Oblique scenic photographs for orthomosaic analysis.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 2 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 2 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use a repeatable mapping flight.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 2 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Missing the perimeter of the blast.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 3 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 3 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Point the camera straight down.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 3 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Insufficient image overlap.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 4 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 4 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Maintain approximately 80% overlap.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 4 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Flying unnecessarily high.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 5 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 5 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Fly low enough to resolve the particles you care about.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 5 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Flying so low that coverage becomes fragmented or incomplete.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 6 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 6 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Check image sharpness and coverage after the flight.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 6 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Blurred images.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 7 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 7 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Keep images from different blasts or flights clearly separated.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 7 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Mixing images from separate blast rounds in one orthomosaic.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"50px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"style\":{\"color\":{\"background\":\"#36a9e126\"}}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#36a9e126\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                font-size: 1.5rem;\n                padding: 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                MANUAL UAV FLIGHT AND CAPTURE\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                font-size: normal;\n                padding: 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                If automated flight paths are <b>NOT<\/b> available for your UAV \/ drone, use the <b> staircase method:<\/b>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":10840,\"aspectRatio\":\"3\/2\",\"scale\":\"cover\",\"focalPoint\":{\"x\":0.5,\"y\":0},\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/UAV-Staircase-Method-Diagram.png\" alt=\"A diagram of the staircase method of analysis for UAVs with WipFrag\" class=\"wp-image-10840\" style=\"aspect-ratio:3\/2;object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 0%\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:list {\"ordered\":true,\"style\":{\"elements\":{\"link\":{\"color\":{\"text\":\"var:preset|color|black\"}}}},\"textColor\":\"black\"} -->\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Start at an altitude of approximately 30 metres (98.5 feet)<\/strong> above the subject. Capture an image.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Move downwards<\/strong> by 5 metres (16.5 feet). Capture an image<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Move horizontally<\/strong> by 2 metres (6.5 feet). Capture an image.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Move downwards<\/strong> by 5 metres (16.5 feet). Capture an image<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Move horizontally<\/strong> by 2 metres (6.5 feet). Capture an image.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Repeat this pattern as needed,<\/strong> moving across the sample area. Capture at least 5 photos.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ol>\n<!-- \/wp:list --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#top\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#top\">Top of Page<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-getting-good-wipfrag-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-getting-good-wipfrag-results\">Getting Good WipFrag Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-terrestrial-images-piles-stockpiles-and-bulk-material\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-terrestrial-images-piles-stockpiles-and-bulk-material\">Terrestrial Images<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-uav-drone-images-large-area-capture\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-uav-drone-images-large-area-capture\">UAV \/ Drone Images<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-underground-image-capture\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-underground-image-capture\">Underground Images<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-lab-samples-trays-and-microscopy\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-lab-samples-trays-and-microscopy\">Lab Samples, Trays, and Microscopy<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-6-before-you-leave-the-sample\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-6-before-you-leave-the-sample\">Before You Leave the Sample<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-7-additional-information\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-7-additional-information\">Additional Information<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-3-underground-image-capture\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-3-underground-image-capture\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Underground Image Capture<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":10727,\"aspectRatio\":\"2.9205298013245033\",\"scale\":\"contain\",\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Underground-Image-Capture.png\" alt=\"A diagram of a person using WipFrag on a mobile device underground.\" class=\"wp-image-10727\" style=\"aspect-ratio:2.9205298013245033;object-fit:contain\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Underground image capture follows the same basic principles as field photography, but <strong>lighting and working distance<\/strong> need extra attention.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-start-with-a-safe-viewpoint\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-start-with-a-safe-viewpoint\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Start with a safe viewpoint<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Work from a safe position with a clear view of the material.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Do NOT enter unsupported ground, an active heading, or unstable material just to improve an image or place a scale.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-use-broad-even-lighting\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-use-broad-even-lighting\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Use broad, even lighting<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use enough light to keep particle boundaries visible without creating deep shadows or bright hot spots.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Where practical:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>position one light to each side of the camera;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>elevate the lights;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>aim them across the material rather than directly from the camera position; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>use broad, portable light sources such as LED panels.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This creates more even illumination while still leaving enough shadow to distinguish neighbouring particles.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-avoid-direct-camera-flash\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-avoid-direct-camera-flash\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Avoid direct camera flash<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Do NOT rely on a built-in or camera-mounted flash as the main light source. Light coming from close to the lens can flatten the image and make particle boundaries harder to see.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A single strong light from one side can create the opposite problem by producing large dark shadows.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use multiple broad light sources where practical.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-stabilize-the-camera\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-stabilize-the-camera\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Stabilize the camera<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use a tripod or other stable support when lighting is limited.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A sharp image with a longer exposure is better than a handheld image with motion blur.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-capture-large-headings-and-piles-in-sections\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-capture-large-headings-and-piles-in-sections\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Capture large headings and piles in sections<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Do NOT move so far away that the particles you care about become too small to see just to fit the entire area into one image. Instead, capture the area in several repeatable sections and combine the analyses where appropriate.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-default\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-style-default\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"50%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"fontSize\":\"1.5rem\",\"textTransform\":\"uppercase\"}}} -->\n<p style=\"font-size:1.5rem;text-transform:uppercase\"><strong>UNDERGROUND IMAGE Capture Geometry<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Where <em><strong>x<\/strong><\/em> is the width of the sample area, which is also the distance to the lighting sources. The camera\u2019s capture position should be twice that distance (2\u00d7<em><strong>x<\/strong><\/em>) away.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"50%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":10728,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"left\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignleft size-full is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Underground-Image-Capture-Geometry.png\" alt=\"A diagram of the ideal capture geometry for underground analysis with WipFrag\" class=\"wp-image-10728\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"55%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:55%\"><!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #000000;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <thead>\n        <tr>\n            <th style=\"\n                background-color: #00b050;\n                color: #ffffff;\n                font-size: 22px;\n                font-weight: bold;\n                text-align: center;\n                padding: 12px 16px;\n                border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                UNDERGROUND IMAGES \u2013 DO\n            <\/th>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/thead>\n\n    <tbody>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 1 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Work from a safe location.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 2 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use two or more broad light sources where possible.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 3 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Position lights away from the camera axis.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 4 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use a tripod in low light.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 5 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Fill the frame with the material being sampled.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 6 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Capture large areas in systematic sections when needed.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 7 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use Dual Scale when photographing material with significant depth.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\",\"blockVisibility\":{\"controlSets\":[{\"id\":1,\"enable\":true,\"controls\":{\"browserDevice\":{\"ruleSets\":[{\"enable\":true,\"rules\":[{\"field\":\"deviceType\",\"operator\":\"any\",\"value\":[\"robot\",\"mobile\"]}]}],\"hideOnRuleSets\":true}}}]}} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"45%\",\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center has-small-font-size\" style=\"flex-basis:45%\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":10731,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Good-Underground-Image-1-1024x768.png\" alt=\"An example of a good underground image, excellent for WipFrag analysis\" class=\"wp-image-10731\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>An example of a well-captured underground image.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"55%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:55%\"><!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #000000;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <thead>\n        <tr>\n            <th style=\"\n                background-color: #ee0000;\n                color: #ffffff;\n                font-size: 22px;\n                font-weight: bold;\n                text-align: center;\n                padding: 12px 16px;\n                border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                UNDERGROUND IMAGES \u2013 AVOID\n            <\/th>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/thead>\n\n    <tbody>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 1 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Camera-mounted flash.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 2 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">One harsh spotlight.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 3 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Deep shadows that hide material.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 4 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Bright glare on wet surfaces.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 5 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Noisy or blurred images when better lighting or camera support is available.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 6 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Moving farther away just to fit everything into one image.<\/span>\n            <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 7 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Entering unsafe ground to place a scale.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\",\"blockVisibility\":{\"controlSets\":[{\"id\":1,\"enable\":true,\"controls\":{\"browserDevice\":{\"hideOnRuleSets\":true,\"ruleSets\":[{\"enable\":true,\"rules\":[{\"field\":\"deviceType\",\"operator\":\"any\",\"value\":[\"mobile\",\"robot\"]}]}]}}}]}} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"45%\",\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center has-small-font-size\" style=\"flex-basis:45%\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":10732,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Bad-Underground-Image-1-1024x812.png\" alt=\"An example of a bad underground image, not suitable for WipFrag analysis.\" class=\"wp-image-10732\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>An example of a poorly-captured underground image.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#top\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#top\">Top of Page<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-getting-good-wipfrag-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-getting-good-wipfrag-results\">Getting Good WipFrag Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-terrestrial-images-piles-stockpiles-and-bulk-material\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-terrestrial-images-piles-stockpiles-and-bulk-material\">Terrestrial Images<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-uav-drone-images-large-area-capture\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-uav-drone-images-large-area-capture\">UAV \/ Drone Images<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-underground-image-capture\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-underground-image-capture\">Underground Images<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-lab-samples-trays-and-microscopy\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-lab-samples-trays-and-microscopy\">Lab Samples, Trays, and Microscopy<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-6-before-you-leave-the-sample\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-6-before-you-leave-the-sample\">Before You Leave the Sample<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-7-additional-information\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-7-additional-information\">Additional Information<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-4-lab-samples-trays-and-microscopy\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-4-lab-samples-trays-and-microscopy\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Lab Samples, Trays, and Microscopy<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"isStackedOnMobile\":false} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-not-stacked-on-mobile\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":10737,\"aspectRatio\":\"3\/2\",\"scale\":\"cover\",\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Rock-Tray-Sample-1024x768.png\" alt=\"A sample of rocks in a tray\" class=\"wp-image-10737\" style=\"aspect-ratio:3\/2;object-fit:cover\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":10738,\"aspectRatio\":\"3\/2\",\"scale\":\"cover\",\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Microscope-Slide-Sample-1024x683.png\" alt=\"A sample from a microscope slide\" class=\"wp-image-10738\" style=\"aspect-ratio:3\/2;object-fit:cover\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For controlled samples, the priority is <strong>repeatability<\/strong>. Keep sample preparation, camera position, lighting, and scale consistent between comparable analyses.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-prepare-the-sample\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-prepare-the-sample\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Prepare the sample<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Spread the material so the particles you need to measure are visible.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Do NOT arrange particles by size or remove particles simply to make the image easier to analyze. The photographed material should remain representative of the sample.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>If particles overlap enough to hide their boundaries, reduce the sample depth or divide the material into multiple representative portions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-capture-directly-from-above\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-capture-directly-from-above\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Capture directly from above<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Position the camera perpendicular to the tray or sample surface.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For repeated testing, use a fixed camera stand or tripod where practical. Keep the <strong>camera height, field of view, lighting, and sample area<\/strong> consistent from one analysis to the next.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-use-even-lighting\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-use-even-lighting\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Use even lighting<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use diffuse, even lighting across the full sample.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Avoid strong directional shadows, reflections, bright hot spots, or uneven illumination.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-scale-the-image\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-scale-the-image\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Scale the image<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For a flat tray or sample, use a Single Scale placed on the same plane as the material.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Top-down images can also be captured using the supported Auto Scale workflow. Refer to the <strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=6685\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=6685\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">WipFrag User Manual<\/a><\/strong><\/strong> for Auto Scale instructions.<br><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<style>\n\/* =========================================================\n   MOBILE LAYOUT\n   All DO items stack first, followed by all AVOID items.\n   Desktop\/tablet layout is unaffected.\n   ========================================================= *\/\n\n@media (max-width: 600px) {\n\n    #lab-do-avoid .do-avoid-table {\n        display: block;\n        width: 100%;\n        border-collapse: separate;\n    }\n\n    \/* Hide the original two-column header *\/\n    #lab-do-avoid .do-avoid-table thead {\n        display: none;\n    }\n\n    \/*\n     * Flatten the table rows so the cells can be reordered.\n     * This allows every DO cell to appear before every AVOID cell.\n     *\/\n    #lab-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tbody {\n        display: flex;\n        flex-direction: column;\n        width: 100%;\n    }\n\n    #lab-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tr {\n        display: contents;\n    }\n\n    #lab-do-avoid .do-avoid-table td {\n        display: block;\n        width: 100% !important;\n        box-sizing: border-box;\n        padding: 12px 16px !important;\n        font-size: 16px !important;\n        line-height: 1.45;\n    }\n\n    \/* All DO cells first *\/\n    #lab-do-avoid .do-avoid-table td:first-child {\n        order: 1;\n        border-right: none !important;\n    }\n\n    \/* All AVOID cells second *\/\n    #lab-do-avoid .do-avoid-table td:last-child {\n        order: 2;\n    }\n\n    \/* Mobile DO header *\/\n    #lab-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tr:first-child td:first-child::before {\n        content: \"LAB & TRAY IMAGES \u2013 DO\";\n        display: block;\n        margin: -12px -16px 12px -16px;\n        padding: 9px 16px;\n        background-color: #00b050;\n        color: #ffffff;\n        font-size: 20px;\n        font-weight: bold;\n        text-align: center;\n        border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n    }\n\n    \/* Thick divider before AVOID section *\/\n    #lab-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tr:first-child td:last-child {\n        border-top: 3pt solid #000000;\n    }\n\n    \/* Mobile AVOID header *\/\n    #lab-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tr:first-child td:last-child::before {\n        content: \"LAB & TRAY IMAGES \u2013 AVOID\";\n        display: block;\n        margin: -12px -16px 12px -16px;\n        padding: 9px 16px;\n        background-color: #ee0000;\n        color: #ffffff;\n        font-size: 20px;\n        font-weight: bold;\n        text-align: center;\n        border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n    }\n}\n<\/style>\n\n\n<div id=\"lab-do-avoid\">\n\n<table class=\"do-avoid-table\" style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #000000;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n\n    <!-- =====================================================\n         HEADER\n         ===================================================== -->\n    <thead>\n        <tr>\n            <th style=\"\n                width: 50%;\n                background-color: #00b050;\n                color: #ffffff;\n                font-size: 22px;\n                font-weight: bold;\n                text-align: center;\n                padding: 12px 16px;\n                border-right: 3pt solid #000000;\n                border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                LAB &amp; TRAY IMAGES \u2013 DO\n            <\/th>\n\n            <th style=\"\n                width: 50%;\n                background-color: #ee0000;\n                color: #ffffff;\n                font-size: 22px;\n                font-weight: bold;\n                text-align: center;\n                padding: 12px 16px;\n                border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                LAB &amp; TRAY IMAGES \u2013 AVOID\n            <\/th>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/thead>\n\n\n    <!-- =====================================================\n         CONTENT\n         ===================================================== -->\n    <tbody>\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 1 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 1 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use a repeatable camera position.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 1 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Arranging or selecting particles to change the apparent distribution.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 2 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 2 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Photograph perpendicular to the sample.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 2 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Tilting the camera.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 3 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 3 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use even, diffuse lighting.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 3 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Deep layers that hide particle boundaries.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 4 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 4 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Fill most of the image with sample material.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 4 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Placing the scale above or below the particle plane.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 5 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 5 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Keep sample preparation consistent.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 5 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Changing the capture setup between comparable samples.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 6 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 6 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Keep a physical scale on the same plane as the material.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 6 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Strong shadows, reflections, or glare.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-for-microscope-images\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-for-microscope-images\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">For microscope images<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The same principles apply at microscopic scale: <strong>clear particles, known scale, consistent capture conditions, and representative sampling<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Keep the particles of interest clearly resolved and in focus.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Use a scale appropriate to the microscope magnification.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Keep magnification consistent when comparing samples.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Use even illumination across the field of view.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Avoid overexposure that causes neighbouring particles to merge visually.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Capture several representative fields of view rather than selecting only the cleanest or easiest areas.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Keep sample preparation consistent between comparative analyses.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<style>\n\/* =========================================================\n   MOBILE LAYOUT\n   All DO items stack first, followed by all AVOID items.\n   Desktop\/tablet layout is unaffected.\n   ========================================================= *\/\n\n@media (max-width: 600px) {\n\n    #microscope-do-avoid .do-avoid-table {\n        display: block;\n        width: 100%;\n        border-collapse: separate;\n    }\n\n    \/* Hide the original two-column header *\/\n    #microscope-do-avoid .do-avoid-table thead {\n        display: none;\n    }\n\n    \/*\n     * Flatten the table rows so the cells can be reordered.\n     * This allows every DO cell to appear before every AVOID cell.\n     *\/\n    #microscope-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tbody {\n        display: flex;\n        flex-direction: column;\n        width: 100%;\n    }\n\n    #microscope-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tr {\n        display: contents;\n    }\n\n    #microscope-do-avoid .do-avoid-table td {\n        display: block;\n        width: 100% !important;\n        box-sizing: border-box;\n        padding: 12px 16px !important;\n        font-size: 16px !important;\n        line-height: 1.45;\n    }\n\n    \/* All DO cells first *\/\n    #microscope-do-avoid .do-avoid-table .do-cell {\n        order: 1;\n        border-right: none !important;\n    }\n\n    \/* All AVOID cells second *\/\n    #microscope-do-avoid .do-avoid-table .avoid-cell {\n        order: 2;\n    }\n\n    \/* Mobile DO header *\/\n    #microscope-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tr:first-child .do-cell::before {\n        content: \"MICROSCOPE IMAGES \u2013 DO\";\n        display: block;\n        margin: -12px -16px 12px -16px;\n        padding: 9px 16px;\n        background-color: #00b050;\n        color: #ffffff;\n        font-size: 20px;\n        font-weight: bold;\n        text-align: center;\n        border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n    }\n\n    \/* Thick divider before AVOID section *\/\n    #microscope-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tr:first-child .avoid-cell {\n        border-top: 3pt solid #000000;\n    }\n\n    \/* Mobile AVOID header *\/\n    #microscope-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tr:first-child .avoid-cell::before {\n        content: \"MICROSCOPE IMAGES \u2013 AVOID\";\n        display: block;\n        margin: -12px -16px 12px -16px;\n        padding: 9px 16px;\n        background-color: #ee0000;\n        color: #ffffff;\n        font-size: 20px;\n        font-weight: bold;\n        text-align: center;\n        border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n    }\n}\n<\/style>\n\n\n<div id=\"microscope-do-avoid\">\n\n<table class=\"do-avoid-table\" style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #000000;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n\n    <!-- =====================================================\n         HEADER\n         ===================================================== -->\n    <thead>\n        <tr>\n            <th style=\"\n                width: 50%;\n                background-color: #00b050;\n                color: #ffffff;\n                font-size: 22px;\n                font-weight: bold;\n                text-align: center;\n                padding: 12px 16px;\n                border-right: 3pt solid #000000;\n                border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                MICROSCOPE IMAGES \u2013 DO\n            <\/th>\n\n            <th style=\"\n                width: 50%;\n                background-color: #ee0000;\n                color: #ffffff;\n                font-size: 22px;\n                font-weight: bold;\n                text-align: center;\n                padding: 12px 16px;\n                border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                MICROSCOPE IMAGES \u2013 AVOID\n            <\/th>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/thead>\n\n\n    <!-- =====================================================\n         CONTENT\n         ===================================================== -->\n    <tbody>\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 1 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td class=\"do-cell\" style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 1 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use a calibrated scale.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td class=\"avoid-cell\" style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 1 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Using a scale from a different magnification.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 2 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td class=\"do-cell\" style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 2 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Maintain consistent magnification.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td class=\"avoid-cell\" style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 2 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Selecting only the easiest areas to analyze.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 3 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td class=\"do-cell\" style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 3 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Keep the imaging plane in focus.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td class=\"avoid-cell\" style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 3 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Using images where neighbouring particles cannot be distinguished.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 4 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td class=\"do-cell\" style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 4 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Capture multiple representative fields of view.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td class=\"avoid-cell\" rowspan=\"2\" style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                vertical-align:middle;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 4 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Changing microscope or capture settings during a comparative study without documenting the change.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 5 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td class=\"do-cell\" style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 5 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Record the magnification or scale used.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:html --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#top\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#top\">Top of Page<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-getting-good-wipfrag-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-getting-good-wipfrag-results\">Getting Good WipFrag Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-terrestrial-images-piles-stockpiles-and-bulk-material\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-terrestrial-images-piles-stockpiles-and-bulk-material\">Terrestrial Images<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-uav-drone-images-large-area-capture\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-uav-drone-images-large-area-capture\">UAV \/ Drone Images<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-underground-image-capture\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-underground-image-capture\">Underground Images<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-lab-samples-trays-and-microscopy\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-lab-samples-trays-and-microscopy\">Lab Samples, Trays, and Microscopy<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-6-before-you-leave-the-sample\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-6-before-you-leave-the-sample\">Before You Leave the Sample<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-7-additional-information\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-7-additional-information\">Additional Information<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-5-before-you-leave-the-sample\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-5-before-you-leave-the-sample\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Before You Leave the Sample<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-wipfrag-capture-checklist\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-wipfrag-capture-checklist\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">WipFrag Capture Checklist<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Before moving on, confirm:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Representative<\/strong> \u2014 Did I capture the material according to the sampling plan rather than choosing only what looked interesting?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Enough coverage<\/strong> \u2014 Have I captured enough images to represent the sample area?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Sharp<\/strong> \u2014 Can I clearly distinguish the particles of interest?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Properly framed<\/strong> \u2014 Is the image mostly filled with the material being measured?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Good lighting<\/strong> \u2014 Are particle boundaries visible without excessive shadow, glare, or overexposure?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Correct scale<\/strong> \u2014 Am I using Auto Scale, Single Scale, Dual Scale or the UAV workflow appropriately?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Full size range<\/strong> \u2014 Can I see the particle sizes that matter, or do I need additional closer or wider images?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Organized<\/strong> \u2014 Do I know which images belong to this sample, pile, blast, flight, or project?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                MORE INFORMATION\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                For step-by-step instructions on scaling methods, UAV orthomosaic creation, merging analyses, edge detection and other WipFrag software functions, refer to the latest <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=6685\"><b>WipFrag User Manual<\/b><\/a>, the <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipfrag-faq\"><b>WipFrag FAQ<\/b><\/a> or visit our <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/product-tutorial-videos\/\"><b>Videos<\/b><\/a> library for tutorials. <br>Once your analysis is complete, use the <b><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipfrag-results-interpretation-guide\/\">Results Interpretation Guide<\/a><\/b> to understand the PSD curve, D-values, statistics, histogram, specification envelope, shape measurements and other WipFrag results.\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#top\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#top\">Top of Page<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-getting-good-wipfrag-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-getting-good-wipfrag-results\">Getting Good WipFrag Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-terrestrial-images-piles-stockpiles-and-bulk-material\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-terrestrial-images-piles-stockpiles-and-bulk-material\">Terrestrial Images<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-uav-drone-images-large-area-capture\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-uav-drone-images-large-area-capture\">UAV \/ Drone Images<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-underground-image-capture\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-underground-image-capture\">Underground Images<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-lab-samples-trays-and-microscopy\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-lab-samples-trays-and-microscopy\">Lab Samples, Trays, and Microscopy<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-6-before-you-leave-the-sample\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-6-before-you-leave-the-sample\">Before You Leave the Sample<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-7-additional-information\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-7-additional-information\">Additional Information<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-additional-information\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-additional-information\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Additional Information<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-accounts-subscriptions-and-credits\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-accounts-subscriptions-and-credits\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Accounts, Subscriptions and Credits<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Visit <a href=\"https:\/\/wipwareaccount.com\/register.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">wipwareaccount.com\/register<\/a> to make a free WipWare Account. Your WipWare Account contains your WipFrag subscription and\/or image credits, plus your cloud-synchronized analysis files.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>If you already have an account, you can log in at <a href=\"https:\/\/wipwareaccount.com\/login.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">wipwareaccount.com\/login<\/a>. There you can change your account details, manage the devices connected to your WipWare account and explore other options. Ensure you log in to your WipWare Account inside WipFrag to access your paid features, use your cloud storage and synchronize your analysis files.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Contact your regional WipWare representative to purchase or renew your subscription, or to add more credits to your account. You may also purchase or renew online with PayPal or a credit card by visiting <a href=\"https:\/\/wipwareaccount.com\/store.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">wipwareaccount.com\/store<\/a>. There is no auto-renewal available for WipFrag subscriptions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                SOFTWARE UPDATES\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                <b>Ensure you keep WipFrag up to date!<\/b> Regular updates are provided for WipFrag via Internet.\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-field-equipment-examples\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-field-equipment-examples\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Field Equipment Examples<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>Note: Mobile devices must have an internal GPS, accelerometer, gyroscope, and magnetometer for full functionality.<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:table {\"className\":\"is-style-stripes\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Smartphones<\/th><th><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.apple.com\/store\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.apple.com\/store\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\"><strong>Apple iPhone 12<\/strong><br><\/a><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/store.google.com\/category\/phones\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/store.google.com\/category\/phones\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Google Pixel 6a<\/a><\/strong><br><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.samsung.com\/smartphones\/all-smartphones\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.samsung.com\/smartphones\/all-smartphones\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Samsung Galaxy S21 5G<\/a><\/strong> <em>-or-<\/em> <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.samsung.com\/smartphones\/all-smartphones\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.samsung.com\/smartphones\/all-smartphones\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">A53 5G<\/a><\/strong><\/td><td>Economical smartphones that meet basic requirements<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.apple.com\/store\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.apple.com\/store\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Apple iPhone 15 Pro Max<\/a><\/strong><br><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.samsung.com\/smartphones\/all-smartphones\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.samsung.com\/smartphones\/all-smartphones\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Samsung Galaxy S26 Ultra<\/a><\/strong><\/td><td>Premium smartphones with larger screens and better cameras, sensors, and processors<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:table -->\n\n<!-- wp:table {\"className\":\"is-style-stripes\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Tablets<\/th><th><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.apple.com\/store\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.apple.com\/store\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\"><strong>Apple iPad Pro (5<sup>th<\/sup> Gen) &nbsp;[Cellular]<\/strong><br><\/a><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.samsung.com\/tablets\/all-tablets\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.samsung.com\/smartphones\/all-smartphones\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Samsung Galaxy Tab A11<\/a><\/strong><em> -or- <\/em><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.samsung.com\/tablets\/all-tablets\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.samsung.com\/smartphones\/all-smartphones\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">S10 Lite<\/a><\/strong><\/td><td>Economical tablets that meet basic requirements<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.apple.com\/store\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.apple.com\/store\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\"><strong><strong>Apple iPad Pro M4 &nbsp;[Cellular]<\/strong><\/strong><br><\/a><strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.samsung.com\/tablets\/all-tablets\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.samsung.com\/tablets\/all-tablets\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Samsung Galaxy Tab S10 Ultra<\/a><\/strong><\/strong> <em>-or-<\/em> <strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.samsung.com\/tablets\/all-tablets\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.samsung.com\/tablets\/all-tablets\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">S9 FE<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/td><td>Premium tablets with larger screens and better cameras, sensors, and processors<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:table -->\n\n<!-- wp:table {\"className\":\"is-style-stripes\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Digital Cameras<\/th><th><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/explore.omsystem.com\/cameras\/tough\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/explore.omsystem.com\/cameras\/tough\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">OM System Tough TG-7<\/a><\/strong><\/td><td>Rugged economy field camera; waterproof, dustproof, shockproof, has GPS<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/explore.omsystem.com\/accessories\/tough-accessories\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/explore.omsystem.com\/accessories\/tough-accessories\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">OM System TCON-T01<\/a><\/strong><\/td><td>TG-7 accessory; optional teleconverter accessory for longer optical reach<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sony.ca\/imaging\/compact-cameras\/all-compact-cameras\/p\/dscrx10m4-b\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.sony.ca\/imaging\/compact-cameras\/all-compact-cameras\/p\/dscrx10m4-b\">Sony RX10 IV<\/a><\/strong><\/td><td>Long-range superzoom camera; professional, non-ruggedized<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:table -->\n\n<!-- wp:table {\"className\":\"is-style-stripes\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Drones \/ UAVs<\/th><th><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dji.com\/mini-5-pro\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.dji.com\/mini-5-pro\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">DJI Mini 5 Pro<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/td><td>Manual flight drone; economy, sub-250g class<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/enterprise.dji.com\/mavic-3-enterprise\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/enterprise.dji.com\/mavic-3-enterprise\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">DJI Mavic 3 Enterprise<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/td><td>Recommended drone; premium, turnkey, compatible with automatic flight<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.skydio.com\/x10\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.skydio.com\/x10\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Skydio X10<\/a> <\/strong><\/strong><em>-or-<\/em><strong><strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.skydio.com\/x10d\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.skydio.com\/x10d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">X10D<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/td><td>Restricted \/ compliance drone; for NDAA \/ Blue UAS \/ Green UAS \/ etc.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:table -->\n\n<!-- wp:table {\"className\":\"is-style-stripes\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Laser Distance Measuring Devices \/ EDMs<\/th><th><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong><strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.boschtools.com\/us\/en\/products\/glm165-22-0601072S12\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.boschtools.com\/us\/en\/products\/glm165-22-0601072S12\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Bosch BLAZE GLM165-22<\/a>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong>-<em>or-<\/em><strong><strong><strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.boschtools.com\/us\/en\/products\/glm165-27c-0601072T11\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.boschtools.com\/us\/en\/products\/glm165-27c-0601072T11\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">27C<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/td><td>Economy; construction-grade<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong><strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/shop.leica-geosystems.com\/measurement-tools\/disto\/leica-disto-x1\/buy\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/shop.leica-geosystems.com\/measurement-tools\/disto\/leica-disto-x1\/buy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Leica DISTO X1<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/td><td>Recommended; longer range, higher confidence<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:table -->\n\n<!-- wp:table {\"className\":\"is-style-stripes\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Underground Lights<\/th><th><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong><strong><strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulanzi.com\/collections\/continuous-lighting\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.ulanzi.com\/collections\/continuous-lighting\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">ULANZI VL200<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/td><td>LED light panel; portable, lightweight, USB-charged or powered battery<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:table -->\n\n<!-- wp:table {\"className\":\"is-style-stripes\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Tripods \/ Light Stands<\/th><th><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong><strong><strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulanzi.com\/products\/quick-release-light-stand-with-cold-shoe-mount\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.ulanzi.com\/products\/quick-release-light-stand-with-cold-shoe-mount\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">ULANZI MT-89<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/td><td>Telescopic tripod; portable, lightweight, semi-rugged, universal mount<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:table -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                ABOUT FIELD EQUIPMENT EXAMPLES\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                These examples are based on devices that consistently provide the best user experience. WipWare does NOT explicitly endorse these products.\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\",\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"center\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#top\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#top\">Top of Page<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-getting-good-wipfrag-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-getting-good-wipfrag-results\">Getting Good WipFrag Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-terrestrial-images-piles-stockpiles-and-bulk-material\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-terrestrial-images-piles-stockpiles-and-bulk-material\">Terrestrial Images<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-uav-drone-images-large-area-capture\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-uav-drone-images-large-area-capture\">UAV \/ Drone Images<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-underground-image-capture\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-underground-image-capture\">Underground Images<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-lab-samples-trays-and-microscopy\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-lab-samples-trays-and-microscopy\">Lab Samples, Trays, and Microscopy<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-6-before-you-leave-the-sample\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-6-before-you-leave-the-sample\">Before You Leave the Sample<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-7-additional-information\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-7-additional-information\">Additional Information<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:buttons {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons\"><!-- wp:button -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=10814\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">PDF \u2b73<\/a><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:button --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:buttons --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator {\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-thick\",\"anchor\":\"h-related-articles\"} -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator aligncenter has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-thick\" id=\"h-related-articles\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->","post_title":"Image Capture and Sampling Guide","post_excerpt":"A practical guide on collecting representative images for WipFrag analysis","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"wipfrag-image-capture-and-sampling-guide","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/wipware.com\/news\/wipjoint-now-available-for-wipfrag-4-users\/","post_modified":"2026-10-09 15:19:12","post_modified_gmt":"2026-10-09 19:19:12","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=10311","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"1","filter":"raw"},{"ID":7842,"post_author":"20","post_date":"2026-09-30 17:15:42","post_date_gmt":"2026-09-30 21:15:42","post_content":"<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"width\":\"100%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\" style=\"flex-basis:100%\"><!-- wp:post-excerpt {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fill\",\"flexSize\":null},\"typography\":{\"fontStyle\":\"italic\",\"fontWeight\":\"700\"}}} \/-->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"20px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Current pricing is <a href=\"https:\/\/wipwareaccount.com\/store.php\">available on our webstore<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:table {\"hasFixedLayout\":false} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-right\" data-align=\"right\"><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>Annual Subscription<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>WipWare Analysis Credits<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>MailFrag<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-right\" data-align=\"right\"><em>Best for<\/em><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Regular or day-to-day WipFrag use<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Occasional or project-based analysis<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Having WipWare complete the analysis<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-right\" data-align=\"right\"><em>Standard image analysis<\/em><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Unlimited<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1 credit per image<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">3 credits per image<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-right\" data-align=\"right\"><em>UAV\/orthomosaic analysis<\/em><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Unlimited<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Minimum 3 credits, based on area<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Minimum 9 credits, based on area<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-right\" data-align=\"right\"><em>Offline analysis<\/em><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Yes<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Internet required when applying the credit<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Internet required for submission<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-right\" data-align=\"right\"><em>Duration<\/em><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1 year<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Credits do NOT expire<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u2014<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:table -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><em>For more information about WipFrag, you can also visit our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@Wipware\"><strong>YouTube<\/strong><\/a> channel. Tutorial videos are available on a variety of WipFrag topics.<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"20px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"center\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:buttons {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons has-custom-font-size has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:button -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"#h-subscriptions\">Subscriptions<\/a><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:button -->\n\n<!-- wp:button -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"#h-wipware-analysis-credits\">Analysis Credits<\/a><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:button -->\n\n<!-- wp:button -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"#h-uav-drone-and-orthomosaic-analysis\">Drone Orthomosaics<\/a><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:button -->\n\n<!-- wp:button -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"#h-mailfrag-professional-analysis\">MailFrag<\/a><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:button -->\n\n<!-- wp:button -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"#h-getting-started-and-accounts\">Getting Started and Accounts<\/a><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:button -->\n\n<!-- wp:button -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"#h-using-wipfrag\">Using WipFrag<\/a><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:button -->\n\n<!-- wp:button -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"#h-analysis-and-editing\">Analysis and Editing<\/a><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:button -->\n\n<!-- wp:button -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"#h-understanding-wipfrag-results\">Understanding WipFrag Results<\/a><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:button -->\n\n<!-- wp:button -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"#h-blastcast\">BlastCast<\/a><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:button -->\n\n<!-- wp:button -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"#h-wipjoint\">WipJoint<\/a><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:button -->\n\n<!-- wp:button -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"#h-troubleshooting\">Troubleshooting<\/a><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:button -->\n\n<!-- wp:button -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"#h-support-and-training\">Support and Training<\/a><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:button --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:buttons --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"20px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":5,\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textTransform\":\"uppercase\"},\"elements\":{\"link\":{\"color\":{\"text\":\"#1d70b7\"}}},\"color\":{\"text\":\"#1d70b7\"},\"css\":\"line-height: 0;\"},\"anchor\":\"h-subscriptions\"} -->\n<h5 id=\"h-subscriptions\" class=\"wp-block-heading has-custom-css has-text-color has-link-color\" style=\"color:#1d70b7;text-transform:uppercase\">Subscriptions<\/h5>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>How much does a WipFrag subscription cost?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The current pricing for a WipFrag Annual Subscription is <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipwareaccount.com\/store.php\">available on our webstore<\/a><\/strong> and provides unlimited WipFrag analyses during the subscription period.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For a formal quotation or purchase order, <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/contact\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\"><strong>contact WipWare<\/strong><\/a> or <strong>your regional WipWare representative<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>Is a WipFrag subscription perpetual?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>No.<\/strong> A WipFrag subscription is an <strong>annual license valid for one year<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>When the subscription expires, it can be renewed for another year or you can continue using WipFrag on a pay-per-use basis with WipWare Analysis Credits.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Analyses that have already been unlocked remain available after the subscription expires.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>Does a WipFrag subscription renew automatically?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>No<\/strong>. WipFrag subscriptions do NOT automatically renew.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>When your subscription period ends, a new subscription can be purchased if you want to continue unlimited analysis.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>What is included with a WipFrag subscription?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A WipFrag Annual Subscription provides <strong>unlimited WipFrag analyses for one year<\/strong>, including standard image analysis and UAV\/orthomosaic analysis.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>MailFrag professional analysis is NOT included with the subscription and uses WipWare Analysis Credits separately.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>What is the best license option for day-to-day WipFrag use?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For regular or day-to-day analysis, the <strong>Annual Subscription<\/strong> is generally the best option because it provides unlimited analyses throughout the subscription year.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For occasional analyses or individual projects, WipWare Analysis Credits provide a pay-per-use alternative.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>Is a WipFrag subscription tied to one device?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>No<\/strong>. The subscription is linked to your <strong>WipWare Account<\/strong>, NOT to one specific device.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A subscription can be used on up to <strong>10 devices simultaneously<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>Does WipFrag support offline analysis?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Yes<\/strong>. An active Annual Subscription supports offline analysis.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Internet access is still required for functions such as signing into your WipWare Account, cloud synchronization, and other online services.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>What happens to my analyses if my subscription expires?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Once an analysis has been unlocked, it does NOT require another subscription or credit to reopen and review it.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>An active subscription or WipWare Analysis Credits are required to unlock new analyses.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>How do I request a WipFrag quotation?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/contact\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\"><strong>Contact WipWare<\/strong><\/a> or <strong>your regional WipWare representative<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Include your company information, WipWare Account username if available, and whether you are interested in an Annual Subscription, WipWare Analysis Credits, or another WipWare solution.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>Is a WipFrag subscription required to operate a <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/solo\/\">Solo<\/a> \/ <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/reflex\/\">Reflex<\/a> system?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>No<\/strong>. WipFrag also functions as the interface for <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/solo\/\">Solo<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/reflex\/\">Reflex<\/a> systems, and the required system functionality is included with the system.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A separate WipFrag subscription or WipWare Analysis Credits are only required when using WipFrag for standalone image analysis outside the connected system.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":5,\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textTransform\":\"uppercase\"},\"elements\":{\"link\":{\"color\":{\"text\":\"#1d70b7\"}}},\"color\":{\"text\":\"#1d70b7\"},\"css\":\"line-height: 0;\"},\"anchor\":\"h-wipware-analysis-credits\"} -->\n<h5 id=\"h-wipware-analysis-credits\" class=\"wp-block-heading has-custom-css has-text-color has-link-color\" style=\"color:#1d70b7;text-transform:uppercase\">WipWare Analysis Credits<\/h5>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>What are WipWare Analysis Credits?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipWare Analysis Credits provide a <strong>pay-per-use alternative<\/strong> to an Annual Subscription.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>They are intended for customers who perform occasional analyses, have individual projects, or do NOT need unlimited day-to-day WipFrag use.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Credits can also be used for MailFrag professional analysis.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>How much do WipWare Analysis Credits cost?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The current pricing for WipWare Analysis Credits is <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipwareaccount.com\/store.php\">available on our webstore<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>How many credits does a standard WipFrag image use?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A standard WipFrag image analysis requires <strong>1 credit per image<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>You can open and prepare the image before spending the credit. The credit is required when the analysis is unlocked and the results are generated.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>What is the lowest-cost way to start analyzing my own images?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipWare Analysis Credits are the lowest-entry paid option, allowing you to pay for individual analyses without purchasing an Annual Subscription.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>Do WipWare Analysis Credits expire?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>No<\/strong>. Purchased credits do NOT expire.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>Can WipWare Analysis Credits be transferred?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Yes<\/strong>. Credits can be transferred between WipWare Account users.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>Do WipWare Analysis Credits work offline?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>No<\/strong>. An internet connection is required when applying a credit to unlock an analysis.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>However, once the analysis has been unlocked, you can reopen and review it without spending another credit.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>How do I purchase WipWare Analysis Credits?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Credits can be purchased through WipFrag from the <strong>About\/Profile<\/strong> area by selecting the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipwareaccount.com\/store.php\">store<\/a><\/strong> option.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>On supported mobile devices, credits can be purchased in-app. On Windows, WipFrag directs you to the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipwareaccount.com\/store.php\">WipWare Account Store<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Credits can also be purchased by purchase order. <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/contact\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\"><strong>Contact WipWare<\/strong><\/a> or <strong>your regional WipWare representative<\/strong> and provide the WipWare Account username that should receive the credits.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":5,\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textTransform\":\"uppercase\"},\"elements\":{\"link\":{\"color\":{\"text\":\"#1d70b7\"}}},\"color\":{\"text\":\"#1d70b7\"},\"css\":\"line-height: 0;\"},\"anchor\":\"h-uav-drone-and-orthomosaic-analysis\"} -->\n<h5 id=\"h-uav-drone-and-orthomosaic-analysis\" class=\"wp-block-heading has-custom-css has-text-color has-link-color\" style=\"color:#1d70b7;text-transform:uppercase\">UAV \/ Drone and Orthomosaic Analysis<\/h5>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>Can WipFrag analyze UAV or drone images?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Yes<\/strong>. WipFrag supports UAV imagery and orthomosaic analysis for large areas such as blasts, muckpiles, stockpiles, and other suitable applications.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipFrag can also create an orthomosaic from overlapping UAV source images.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>Is UAV and orthomosaic analysis included with an Annual Subscription?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Yes<\/strong>. UAV and orthomosaic analyses are included with the unlimited analyses available under an active Annual Subscription.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>How many WipWare Analysis Credits does a UAV or orthomosaic analysis use?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A UAV\/orthomosaic analysis requires a <strong>minimum of 3 credits<\/strong> when using WipWare Analysis Credits.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Credit consumption is based on the area being analyzed rather than charging one credit for every source photograph used to build the orthomosaic. Larger analysis areas may require additional credits.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>Do all of the source photographs used to create an orthomosaic consume a credit?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>No<\/strong>. Credits are applied to the resulting UAV\/orthomosaic analysis based on its area. You are NOT charged one credit for every individual source photograph used to construct the orthomosaic.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>Do I need a physical scale object for UAV analysis?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Normally, no. The UAV orthomosaic workflow uses scale information from the aerial imagery rather than requiring a physical scale object to be placed on the material.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For recommended flight planning and image capture practices, refer to the <strong><a href=\"\/kb\/wipfrag-image-capture-and-sampling-guide\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"\/kb\/wipfrag-image-capture-and-sampling-guide\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">WipFrag Image Capture and Sampling Guide<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>Can WipFrag analyze a very large blast or material area?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Yes<\/strong>. Two common approaches can be used.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>UAV \/ orthomosaic analysis<\/strong> provides coverage of a large area using overlapping aerial images.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Multiple ground-based images<\/strong> can also be captured across the material and combined in WipFrag to create a representative result.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The appropriate approach depends on the size of the area, site access, image resolution, and the particle sizes you need to measure.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":5,\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textTransform\":\"uppercase\"},\"elements\":{\"link\":{\"color\":{\"text\":\"#1d70b7\"}}},\"color\":{\"text\":\"#1d70b7\"},\"css\":\"line-height: 0;\"},\"anchor\":\"h-mailfrag-professional-analysis\"} -->\n<h5 id=\"h-mailfrag-professional-analysis\" class=\"wp-block-heading has-custom-css has-text-color has-link-color\" style=\"color:#1d70b7;text-transform:uppercase\">MailFrag Professional Analysis<\/h5>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>What is MailFrag?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>MailFrag is WipWare's professional analysis service.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>You prepare and submit the image through WipFrag, and the WipWare analysis team completes the particle delineation, review, editing, and analysis for you. The completed result is returned through WipFrag.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>What types of applications can I use MailFrag for?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>MailFrag is commonly used for applications such as:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>blast fragmentation;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>muckpile and stockpile analysis;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>particle size distribution (PSD) measurement; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>suitable UAV\/orthomosaic analysis.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>If you are unsure whether your application or imagery is suitable, <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/contact\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\"><strong>contact WipWare<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>Do I need to create the particle net before submitting to MailFrag?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>No<\/strong>. Prepare the image and set the appropriate scale. The WipWare team will complete the particle delineation, editing, and analysis.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>How do I submit an image to MailFrag?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Open the image in WipFrag and set the appropriate scale.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>When you are ready to submit it, select <strong>MailFrag<\/strong> as the analysis method. The analysis will synchronize with WipWare and remain locked while it is being processed.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Multiple prepared analyses can also be selected and submitted together.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>How long does MailFrag take?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Allow up to <strong>two business days<\/strong> for a MailFrag analysis.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Analyses are often completed sooner. You will be notified when the completed result is available.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>How much does MailFrag cost?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A standard MailFrag image requires <strong>3 WipWare Analysis Credits<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A UAV\/orthomosaic MailFrag analysis requires a <strong>minimum of 9 credits<\/strong>, with the final requirement based on the area being analyzed.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>Is MailFrag included with an Annual Subscription?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>No<\/strong>. MailFrag is a professional analysis service and uses WipWare Analysis Credits separately, even when you have an active Annual Subscription.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>Can I edit a completed MailFrag analysis?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Yes<\/strong>. Completed MailFrag analyses are returned <strong>locked by default<\/strong> to protect the particle net prepared by WipWare.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Unlock the completed analysis before making changes to the scale, particle net, or other editable analysis information.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":5,\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textTransform\":\"uppercase\"},\"elements\":{\"link\":{\"color\":{\"text\":\"#1d70b7\"}}},\"color\":{\"text\":\"#1d70b7\"},\"css\":\"line-height: 0;\"},\"anchor\":\"h-getting-started-and-accounts\"} -->\n<h5 id=\"h-getting-started-and-accounts\" class=\"wp-block-heading has-custom-css has-text-color has-link-color\" style=\"color:#1d70b7;text-transform:uppercase\">Getting Started and Accounts<\/h5>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>How can I try WipFrag?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/get-wipfrag\/\">Download WipFrag<\/a><\/strong> and create a free <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipwareaccount.com\/register.php\">WipWare Account<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Demo material is available so you can explore the WipFrag analysis workflow before purchasing a subscription or credits.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>If you want to test WipFrag with your own material images, <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/contact\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\"><strong>contact WipWare<\/strong><\/a> to ask about demonstration credits.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>What devices can I use WipFrag on?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipFrag is available for <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/get-wipfrag\/\">Windows<\/a>, iOS,<\/strong> and <strong>Android.<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Your subscription and WipWare Analysis Credits are associated with your WipWare Account rather than one individual device.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>Do I need a WipWare Account?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Yes<\/strong>. A free WipWare Account is required to sign into WipFrag.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Your account manages your subscription, credits, connected devices, and cloud-synchronized analyses.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>However, you do NOT need a WipWare Account to use the WipFrag interface for WipWare analysis systems such as <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/solo\/\" data-type=\"products\" data-id=\"34\">Solo<\/a><\/strong> and <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/reflex\/\" data-type=\"products\" data-id=\"35\">Reflex<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>Can I use WipFrag without purchasing a subscription?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Yes<\/strong>. You can download WipFrag, create a free account, explore the demo material, and prepare your own analyses without purchasing an Annual Subscription.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A WipWare Analysis Credit or active subscription is required when you are ready to unlock results from your own analysis.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>How do I purchase a subscription or credits?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Subscriptions and WipWare Analysis Credits can be purchased through the available purchasing options associated with your WipWare Account.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Purchase orders are also accepted. <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/contact\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\"><strong>Contact WipWare<\/strong><\/a> or <strong>your regional WipWare representative<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":5,\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textTransform\":\"uppercase\"},\"elements\":{\"link\":{\"color\":{\"text\":\"#1d70b7\"}}},\"color\":{\"text\":\"#1d70b7\"},\"css\":\"line-height: 0;\"},\"anchor\":\"h-using-wipfrag\"} -->\n<h5 id=\"h-using-wipfrag\" class=\"wp-block-heading has-custom-css has-text-color has-link-color\" style=\"color:#1d70b7;text-transform:uppercase\">Using WipFrag<\/h5>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>How should I capture images for WipFrag?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Capture images that are <strong>clear, properly scaled, and representative of the material being measured<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Keep particle boundaries visible, fill the image with the material, avoid blur and difficult lighting, and use the appropriate scaling method for the image.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For detailed guidance for field images, UAVs, underground environments, lab samples, and microscopy, refer to the <strong><a href=\"\/kb\/wipfrag-image-capture-and-sampling-guide\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"\/kb\/wipfrag-image-capture-and-sampling-guide\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">WipFrag Image Capture and Sampling Guide<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>When is the best time to photograph outdoor material?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>There is no single required time of day, although it is often possible to achieve good lighting conditions between 10 AM and 2 PM local time in non-polar regions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Aim for <strong>even lighting that keeps particle boundaries visible<\/strong>. Avoid heavy shadows, strong glare, and overexposure.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Overcast conditions can work particularly well because they often provide softer, more even lighting.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>Can I combine multiple WipFrag analyses?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Yes<\/strong>. Multiple representative analyses can be merged to produce a combined result. This is useful when several images together represent one pile, blast, sample, or material population.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>Can I compare multiple WipFrag results?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Yes<\/strong>. WipFrag can display particle size distributions from multiple analyses together for comparison.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This can be useful for comparing different blasts, stockpiles, process stages, tests, or operating conditions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>Can WipFrag analyze materials other than blasted rock?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Yes<\/strong>. WipFrag can analyze suitable images of visible particles in field, laboratory, UAV, and other imaging applications.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The key requirement is that the particles of interest must be large enough and clearly visible enough to be distinguished in the image.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary><strong>Can I export WipFrag results?<\/strong><\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Yes. WipFrag can export results in formats including <strong>PDF, PNG, and CSV<\/strong>. Individual analyses can also be exported as WipFrag analysis files (.<strong>ANA<\/strong>) for archiving or sharing. This is especially useful when you want to preserve a local copy of an analysis or share the complete analysis with another WipFrag user.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":5,\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textTransform\":\"uppercase\"},\"elements\":{\"link\":{\"color\":{\"text\":\"#1d70b7\"}}},\"color\":{\"text\":\"#1d70b7\"},\"css\":\"line-height: 0;\"},\"anchor\":\"h-analysis-and-editing\"} -->\n<h5 id=\"h-analysis-and-editing\" class=\"wp-block-heading has-custom-css has-text-color has-link-color\" style=\"color:#1d70b7;text-transform:uppercase\">Analysis and Editing<\/h5>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>What are fusion and disintegration errors?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A <strong>fusion error<\/strong> occurs when two or more separate particles are incorrectly identified as one particle.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A <strong>disintegration error<\/strong> occurs when one particle is incorrectly divided into two or more particles.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These are the main particle-delineation errors to look for when reviewing a WipFrag particle net.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>How should I edit a WipFrag particle net?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Start with WipFrag's <strong>Deep Learning<\/strong> edge detection and review the resulting particle net.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Correct significant fusion and disintegration errors rather than trying to redraw every particle manually.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipFrag includes editing tools for adding missing boundaries, removing incorrect boundaries, and correcting problem areas.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For current tool locations and detailed editing controls, refer to the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=6685\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=6685\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">WipFrag User Manual<\/a><\/strong> or <strong>WipFrag tutorial resources<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>Do I need to manually edit every particle?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>No<\/strong>. Manual editing is intended to correct meaningful delineation errors, NOT to redraw the entire image.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>If an image consistently requires extensive correction, review the image quality, lighting, perspective, scaling, and edge-detection settings before spending significant time editing.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>Why can't WipFrag measure some of the smallest particles in my image?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipFrag can only measure particles that are visibly resolved in the source image.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>If particles are too small to distinguish clearly at the image resolution or viewing distance, they cannot be reliably delineated from that image.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For broad particle size distributions, additional closer images or another sampling approach may be required. Refer to the <strong><a href=\"\/kb\/wipfrag-image-capture-and-sampling-guide\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"\/kb\/wipfrag-image-capture-and-sampling-guide\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">WipFrag Image Capture and Sampling Guide<\/a><\/strong> for more information.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>You can also use WipFrag's built-in calibration system to generate Swebrec, Rosin-Rammler, or xP-Fan corrected distribution curves based on real sieve data or general fines targets. Read the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=6685\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=6685\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">WipFrag User Manual<\/a><\/strong> for more information on this process.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":5,\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textTransform\":\"uppercase\"},\"elements\":{\"link\":{\"color\":{\"text\":\"#1d70b7\"}}},\"color\":{\"text\":\"#1d70b7\"},\"css\":\"line-height: 0;\"},\"anchor\":\"h-understanding-wipfrag-results\"} -->\n<h5 id=\"h-understanding-wipfrag-results\" class=\"wp-block-heading has-custom-css has-text-color has-link-color\" style=\"color:#1d70b7;text-transform:uppercase\">Understanding WipFrag Results<\/h5>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>Where can I learn how to interpret my WipFrag results?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipfrag-results-interpretation-guide\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"10998\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Results Interpretation Guide<\/a><\/strong> explains how to read the particle size distribution, D-values, statistics, histogram and size classes, specification envelope, particle shape and colour results, comparisons, calibration and other standard WipFrag outputs.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>What does the WipFrag particle size distribution curve show?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The particle size distribution (PSD) curve shows <strong>cumulative percentage passing<\/strong> \u2014 the percentage of analyzed material smaller than a selected particle size.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, 80% passing 50 mm means approximately 80% of the analyzed material is smaller than 50 mm and 20% is larger.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>What does DXX mean in a WipFrag result?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>DXX values are percentile particle sizes. The number after D represents the percentage of analyzed material smaller than that size.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, <strong>D50<\/strong> is the 50% passing size and <strong>D80<\/strong> is the 80% passing size.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For more information on choosing and interpreting D-values, refer to the <strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipfrag-results-interpretation-guide\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"10998\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Results Interpretation Guide<\/a><\/strong><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>What do Xc and n mean?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Xc<\/strong> is the Rosin-Rammler characteristic size and is equivalent to D63.2.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>n<\/strong> is the Rosin-Rammler uniformity coefficient. Higher values indicate a narrower, more uniform particle size distribution, while lower values indicate a broader distribution.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>What does the WipFrag histogram show?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The histogram divides the analyzed material into individual <strong>size classes<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For a selected size class, WipFrag can provide information including particle count, cumulative percentage passing, cumulative percentage retained, the percentage retained within that individual class, average sphericity and specification status when a Specification Envelope has been defined.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>What is sphericity?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Sphericity describes the apparent shape of the measured particles based on their length-to-width relationship.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Higher values indicate more equant particles, while lower values indicate more elongated particles. WipFrag can also show how average sphericity changes across the measured size classes.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>What is the specification envelope?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The specification envelope lets you define minimum and maximum percentage-passing limits for selected size classes.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipFrag then shows whether the measured particle size distribution falls within the user-defined target range.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":5,\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textTransform\":\"uppercase\"},\"elements\":{\"link\":{\"color\":{\"text\":\"#1d70b7\"}}},\"color\":{\"text\":\"#1d70b7\"},\"css\":\"line-height: 0;\"},\"anchor\":\"h-blastcast\"} -->\n<h5 id=\"h-blastcast\" class=\"wp-block-heading has-custom-css has-text-color has-link-color\" style=\"color:#1d70b7;text-transform:uppercase\">BlastCast<\/h5>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>Does WipFrag include blast prediction tools?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Yes<\/strong>. <strong>BlastCast<\/strong> uses measured WipFrag fragmentation data together with drill-and-blast parameters to model how changes to blast parameters may affect the predicted particle size distribution.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>How does BlastCast work?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Start with the WipFrag result from a completed blast and enter the actual blast parameters that produced it.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use <strong>Auto Rock Factor<\/strong> to calibrate the prediction to the measured fragmentation. Once calibrated, lock the Rock Factor and adjust the controllable blast parameters to compare modeled outcomes.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>What do the blue and red BlastCast curves represent?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The <strong>blue curve<\/strong> represents the measured fragmentation from the completed WipFrag analysis.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The <strong>red curve<\/strong> represents the fragmentation predicted by BlastCast from the current blast parameters.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Changing the blast parameters affects the red prediction curve while the measured result remains as the reference.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>Is BlastCast a replacement for blast design software or engineering judgement?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>No<\/strong>. BlastCast is a prediction and comparison tool intended to help users explore how changes to blast parameters may affect fragmentation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>It does NOT replace qualified blast design, engineering judgement, site procedures, or applicable regulations.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>Where can I learn how to use BlastCast?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Refer to the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=6685\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=6685\">WipFrag User Manual<\/a><\/strong> and the <strong><a href=\"\/kb\/blastcast-guide\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"\/kb\/blastcast-guide\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">BlastCast Guide<\/a><\/strong> for the full calibration and prediction workflow.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":5,\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textTransform\":\"uppercase\"},\"elements\":{\"link\":{\"color\":{\"text\":\"#1d70b7\"}}},\"color\":{\"text\":\"#1d70b7\"},\"css\":\"line-height: 0;\"},\"anchor\":\"h-wipjoint\"} -->\n<h5 id=\"h-wipjoint\" class=\"wp-block-heading has-custom-css has-text-color has-link-color\" style=\"color:#1d70b7;text-transform:uppercase\">WipJoint<\/h5>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary><strong>Does WipFrag include tools for rock-structure and discontinuity analysis?<\/strong><\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Yes. <strong>WipJoint<\/strong> is included within WipFrag for characterizing visible discontinuity traces on exposed rock surfaces. It can be used on highwalls, quarry faces, underground development faces, stopes, outcrops, and other suitable exposed rock surfaces.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary><strong>What does WipJoint measure?<\/strong><\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipJoint provides information about:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>apparent joint orientation;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>apparent joint spacing;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>persistence;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>estimated Rock Quality Designation (RQD); and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>apparent in-situ block size.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary><strong>Does WipJoint measure true three-dimensional joint orientation?<\/strong><\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>No. <\/strong>WipJoint measures discontinuity traces visible on the photographed rock surface. Orientation and spacing are <strong>apparent measurements<\/strong> based on the exposure and viewing direction. They should not be interpreted as complete three-dimensional measurements of the underlying discontinuity planes.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary><strong>Where can I learn how to use WipJoint?<\/strong><\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Refer to the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=6685\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=6685\">WipFrag User Manual<\/a><\/strong> and the <strong><a href=\"\/kb\/wipjoint-guide\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"\/kb\/wipjoint-guide\/\">WipJoint Guide<\/a><\/strong> for recommended image capture, analysis, interpretation, and practical applications., site procedures, or applicable regulations.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":5,\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textTransform\":\"uppercase\"},\"elements\":{\"link\":{\"color\":{\"text\":\"#1d70b7\"}}},\"color\":{\"text\":\"#1d70b7\"},\"css\":\"line-height: 0;\"},\"anchor\":\"h-troubleshooting\"} -->\n<h5 id=\"h-troubleshooting\" class=\"wp-block-heading has-custom-css has-text-color has-link-color\" style=\"color:#1d70b7;text-transform:uppercase\">Troubleshooting<\/h5>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>WipFrag says some TCP ports are blocked. What should I do?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>On Windows, WipFrag uses some TCP ports for communication with the WipWare Account service.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>If WipFrag reports that these ports are blocked:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Allow WipFrag\/WASync through Windows Defender Firewall.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Check whether antivirus, endpoint-security, or VPN software is blocking the connection.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Ask your IT department to allow the required WipWare Account communication through TCP ports (<a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/contact\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\"><strong>contact WipWare<\/strong><\/a> for specific port information).<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Restart WipFrag after the network or firewall changes are made.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>If the warning remains, <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/contact\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\"><strong>contact WipWare<\/strong><\/a> and capture a screenshot of the error to help with diagnosis.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>Why aren't my analyses synchronizing between devices?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Confirm that:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>your WipWare Account cloud storage is NOT full;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>each device is signed into the same WipWare Account;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>an internet connection is available;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>WipFrag is up to date; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>WASync is NOT being blocked on Windows.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>If synchronization problems continue, <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/contact\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\"><strong>contact WipWare<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>Do I lose my analyses if I sign out?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Signing out removes downloaded analyses from that device.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Analyses that have been synchronized remain associated with your account in the cloud and remain available on other synchronized devices.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>If you have NOT synchronized an analysis file to the cloud yet, or if your changes to a file have NOT been synchronized, you will NOT keep those files or changes if you sign out.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>If in doubt, you can export an .ANA file from your analysis to safely archive that file before signing out.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":5,\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textTransform\":\"uppercase\"},\"elements\":{\"link\":{\"color\":{\"text\":\"#1d70b7\"}}},\"color\":{\"text\":\"#1d70b7\"},\"css\":\"line-height: 0;\"},\"anchor\":\"h-support-and-training\"} -->\n<h5 id=\"h-support-and-training\" class=\"wp-block-heading has-custom-css has-text-color has-link-color\" style=\"color:#1d70b7;text-transform:uppercase\">Support and Training<\/h5>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>Is WipFrag training available?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Yes<\/strong>. WipWare provides WipFrag training and maintains tutorial and support resources for customers, educational institutions, and other users.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For training or application assistance, <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/contact\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\"><strong>contact WipWare<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>Where can I find WipFrag manuals and tutorials?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipFrag provides access to resource materials such as manuals and <strong>tutorial videos<\/strong>. Additional <strong>product documentation<\/strong> and <strong>support resources<\/strong> are also available through the WipWare website.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>How do I get technical support?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For software problems, application questions, MailFrag assistance, or training, <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/contact\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\"><strong>contact WipWare<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>How do I get pricing or a quotation?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For subscriptions, WipWare Analysis Credits, quotations, purchase orders, or other purchasing questions, <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/contact\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\"><strong>contact WipWare<\/strong><\/a> or <strong>your regional WipWare representative<\/strong>, or <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipwareaccount.com\/store.php\">visit our webstore<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->","post_title":"WipFrag Frequently Asked Questions","post_excerpt":"Answers to common questions about WipFrag subscriptions, WipWare Analysis Credits, UAV and orthomosaic analysis, MailFrag, software use, troubleshooting, and support.","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"wipfrag-faq","to_ping":"","pinged":"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipfrag-image-capture-and-sampling-guide\nhttps:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipfrag-results-interpretation-guide\/","post_modified":"2026-10-09 16:59:48","post_modified_gmt":"2026-10-09 20:59:48","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=7842","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":10940,"post_author":"20","post_date":"2026-10-02 14:19:02","post_date_gmt":"2026-10-02 18:19:02","post_content":"<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"width\":\"100%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\" style=\"flex-basis:100%\"><!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"space-between\",\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:post-excerpt {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fill\",\"flexSize\":null},\"typography\":{\"fontStyle\":\"italic\",\"fontWeight\":\"700\"}}} \/-->\n\n<!-- wp:buttons {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons\"><!-- wp:button -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=10977\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PDF \u2b73<\/a><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:button --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:buttons --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"20px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"20px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:yoast-seo\/table-of-contents {\"maxHeadingLevel\":2} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-yoast-seo-table-of-contents yoast-table-of-contents\"><h2>Table of contents<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"#h-getting-started-with-wipjoint\" data-level=\"2\">Getting Started with WipJoint<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-1-choose-and-capture-the-rock-face\" data-level=\"2\">1. Choose and Capture the Rock Face<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-2-prepare-the-analysis-in-wipfrag\" data-level=\"2\">2. Prepare the Analysis in WipFrag<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-3-review-the-discontinuity-network\" data-level=\"2\">3. Review the Discontinuity Network<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-4-generate-wipjoint-results\" data-level=\"2\">4. Generate WipJoint Results<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-5-understand-the-wipjoint-results\" data-level=\"2\">5. Understand the WipJoint Results<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-using-wipjoint-in-practice\" data-level=\"2\">Using WipJoint in Practice<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-wipjoint-quick-reference\" data-level=\"2\">WipJoint Quick Reference<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:yoast-seo\/table-of-contents -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-getting-started-with-wipjoint\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-getting-started-with-wipjoint\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Getting Started with WipJoint<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipJoint is a structural characterization tool within <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/wipfrag\/\" data-type=\"products\" data-id=\"36\">WipFrag<\/a> for measuring visible discontinuity traces on exposed rock surfaces.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>From a scaled image of a rock face, WipJoint can provide information about:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>apparent joint orientation;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>apparent joint spacing;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>persistence;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>estimated Rock Quality Designation (RQD); and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>apparent in-situ block size.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipJoint can be used on exposed rock surfaces such as highwalls, quarry faces, underground development faces, stopes, cut rock surfaces, and outcrops.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The basic workflow is:&nbsp; <strong>Capture&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;\u2192 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Analyze&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;\u2192 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Open WipJoint&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;\u2192 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Interpret<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":10944,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipJoint-Process-Diagram.png\" alt=\"Diagram of the WipJoint process from highwall photo to analysis to WipJoint to results\" class=\"wp-image-10944\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-what-wipjoint-measures\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-what-wipjoint-measures\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">What WipJoint measures<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A photograph records the discontinuity traces visible where joints, faults, fractures, and other structures intersect the exposed rock surface.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipJoint measures these visible traces and uses them to characterize the apparent structure of the rock mass.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This distinction is important. A two-dimensional image does NOT directly measure the complete three-dimensional orientation or extent of a discontinuity plane.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                IMPORTANT\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                <b>WipJoint measures the discontinuities visible on the photographed rock surface.<\/b> Orientation, spacing, persistence, RQD, and block-size results should be interpreted in the context of that exposure and viewing direction.\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-apparent-versus-true-orientation\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-apparent-versus-true-orientation\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Apparent versus true orientation<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipJoint reports <strong>apparent orientation<\/strong> from the visible discontinuity traces in the image.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The apparent dip observed on a photographed surface can be less than the true dip of the discontinuity plane. It will only equal the true dip when the observation direction is appropriately aligned with the plane.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For this reason, WipJoint results should NOT be treated as a replacement for a complete three-dimensional structural survey where true strike, dip, and dip direction are required.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#top\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#top\">Top of Page<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-getting-started-with-wipjoint\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-getting-started-with-wipjoint\">Getting Started with WipJoint<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-choose-and-capture-the-rock-face\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-choose-and-capture-the-rock-face\">1. Choose and Capture the Rock Face<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-prepare-the-analysis-in-wipfrag\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-prepare-the-analysis-in-wipfrag\">2. Prepare the Analysis in WipFrag<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-review-the-discontinuity-network\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-review-the-discontinuity-network\">3. Review the Discontinuity Network<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-generate-wipjoint-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-generate-wipjoint-results\">4. Generate WipJoint Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-understand-the-wipjoint-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-understand-the-wipjoint-results\">5. Understand the WipJoint Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-using-wipjoint-in-practice\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-using-wipjoint-in-practice\">Using WipJoint in Practice<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-wipjoint-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-wipjoint-quick-reference\">WipJoint Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-1-choose-and-capture-the-rock-face\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-1-choose-and-capture-the-rock-face\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Choose and Capture the Rock Face<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Good WipJoint results begin with a rock-face image that is <strong>representative, properly scaled, clearly exposed, and captured from an appropriate viewpoint<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-choose-a-representative-area\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-choose-a-representative-area\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Choose a representative area<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Select a rock surface that represents the geological conditions you want to characterize.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Avoid selecting an area simply because its joints are particularly obvious or easy to photograph.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For a large or variable face:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>capture several representative areas;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>include areas with visibly different structural conditions;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>keep analyses from different locations clearly identified; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>use a consistent capture method when results will be compared.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A single rock face only shows the discontinuities exposed on that surface. Where practical, use multiple representative areas or exposures when structural conditions vary.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-face-the-rock-surface-as-directly-as-practical\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-face-the-rock-surface-as-directly-as-practical\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Face the rock surface as directly as practical<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Choose a viewpoint that is reasonably <strong>orthogonal to the exposed surface<\/strong>. In other words, face the camera straight on to the rock surface.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A direct view reduces perspective distortion and provides a better representation of the visible discontinuity traces.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Strongly oblique photographs can distort apparent orientation, spacing, and trace length.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-choose-the-right-viewing-distance\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-choose-the-right-viewing-distance\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Choose the right viewing distance<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Capture enough of the rock surface to represent the area while remaining close enough to clearly resolve the discontinuities that matter.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>If you move too far away, smaller joints may disappear into the image. If you move too close, the image may no longer contain enough of the rock face to represent the larger structural pattern.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For large exposures, capture several systematic sections rather than expecting one distant photograph to show every scale of jointing.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-keep-the-image-sharp\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-keep-the-image-sharp\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Keep the image sharp<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Discontinuity traces should remain clearly visible across the image.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Avoid:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>motion blur;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>poor focus;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>deep shadows;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>strong glare;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>overexposed areas;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>vegetation covering the face;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>loose material obscuring the surface; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>equipment or other objects blocking important structures.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-use-suitable-lighting\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-use-suitable-lighting\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Use suitable lighting<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use lighting that keeps the rock texture and discontinuity traces visible.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Direct glare on wet or reflective surfaces can hide joints. Deep shadows can create the opposite problem by obscuring portions of the surface or appearing as false lineations.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Underground, use broad, even lighting where practical. Multiple offset light sources are generally preferable to a single harsh light located directly beside the camera.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-scale-the-image\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-scale-the-image\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Scale the image<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipJoint requires a properly scaled analysis for dimensional measurements such as apparent spacing and block size.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use the WipFrag scaling method appropriate to the way the image was captured.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For detailed recommendations on image capture, scaling, underground lighting, and field photography, refer to the <strong><a href=\"\/kb\/wipfrag-image-capture-and-sampling-guide\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"\/kb\/wipfrag-image-capture-and-sampling-guide\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">WipFrag Image Capture &amp; Sampling Guide<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#top\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#top\">Top of Page<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-getting-started-with-wipjoint\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-getting-started-with-wipjoint\">Getting Started with WipJoint<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-choose-and-capture-the-rock-face\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-choose-and-capture-the-rock-face\">1. Choose and Capture the Rock Face<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-prepare-the-analysis-in-wipfrag\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-prepare-the-analysis-in-wipfrag\">2. Prepare the Analysis in WipFrag<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-review-the-discontinuity-network\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-review-the-discontinuity-network\">3. Review the Discontinuity Network<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-generate-wipjoint-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-generate-wipjoint-results\">4. Generate WipJoint Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-understand-the-wipjoint-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-understand-the-wipjoint-results\">5. Understand the WipJoint Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-using-wipjoint-in-practice\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-using-wipjoint-in-practice\">Using WipJoint in Practice<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-wipjoint-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-wipjoint-quick-reference\">WipJoint Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-2-prepare-the-analysis-in-wipfrag\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-2-prepare-the-analysis-in-wipfrag\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Prepare the Analysis in WipFrag<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-step-1-open-or-capture-the-image\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-step-1-open-or-capture-the-image\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 1 \u2013 Open or capture the image<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Create a new WipFrag analysis using the image of the exposed rock surface.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Choose an image where the discontinuities of interest are clearly visible.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-step-2-set-the-scale\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-step-2-set-the-scale\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 2 \u2013 Set the scale<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Apply the appropriate scale to the image.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Correct scaling is important because WipJoint uses dimensional information when calculating results such as apparent joint spacing and apparent in-situ block size.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-top is-style-full-width\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"50%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-step-3-continue-the-analysis\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-step-3-continue-the-analysis\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 3 \u2013 Continue the analysis<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Complete the rock-face analysis using the normal WipFrag workflow, but don\u2019t generate the chart yet.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"50%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":10947,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipJoint-Highwall-A-Image-1024x698.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10947\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#top\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#top\">Top of Page<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-getting-started-with-wipjoint\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-getting-started-with-wipjoint\">Getting Started with WipJoint<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-choose-and-capture-the-rock-face\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-choose-and-capture-the-rock-face\">1. Choose and Capture the Rock Face<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-prepare-the-analysis-in-wipfrag\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-prepare-the-analysis-in-wipfrag\">2. Prepare the Analysis in WipFrag<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-review-the-discontinuity-network\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-review-the-discontinuity-network\">3. Review the Discontinuity Network<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-generate-wipjoint-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-generate-wipjoint-results\">4. Generate WipJoint Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-understand-the-wipjoint-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-understand-the-wipjoint-results\">5. Understand the WipJoint Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-using-wipjoint-in-practice\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-using-wipjoint-in-practice\">Using WipJoint in Practice<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-wipjoint-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-wipjoint-quick-reference\">WipJoint Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-3-review-the-discontinuity-network\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-3-review-the-discontinuity-network\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Review the Discontinuity Network<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Before generating the WipJoint results, compare the analyzed discontinuity network with the original rock-face image.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The analysis should represent the significant visible traces that define the structure of the exposed rock.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Look for:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>major joint sets;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>long or persistent discontinuities;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>closely spaced jointing;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>important visible joints that may NOT be represented;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>shadows or surface features that may have been mistaken for discontinuities; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>areas where weathering, debris, or poor image quality makes the structure difficult to interpret.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The goal is NOT to reproduce every minor surface feature. The analyzed network should reasonably describe the visible structural pattern of the rock.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                REMEMBER\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                <b>WipJoint can only characterize what is visible.<\/b> Covered, hidden, poorly resolved, or unexposed discontinuities cannot be measured from the photograph.\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-consider-the-exposure-itself\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-consider-the-exposure-itself\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Consider the exposure itself<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A discontinuity that is prominent on one face may be poorly represented on another simply because of the relationship between the discontinuity plane and the exposed surface.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For important structural assessments, consider results from more than one representative exposure where practical.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#top\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#top\">Top of Page<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-getting-started-with-wipjoint\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-getting-started-with-wipjoint\">Getting Started with WipJoint<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-choose-and-capture-the-rock-face\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-choose-and-capture-the-rock-face\">1. Choose and Capture the Rock Face<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-prepare-the-analysis-in-wipfrag\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-prepare-the-analysis-in-wipfrag\">2. Prepare the Analysis in WipFrag<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-review-the-discontinuity-network\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-review-the-discontinuity-network\">3. Review the Discontinuity Network<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-generate-wipjoint-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-generate-wipjoint-results\">4. Generate WipJoint Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-understand-the-wipjoint-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-understand-the-wipjoint-results\">5. Understand the WipJoint Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-using-wipjoint-in-practice\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-using-wipjoint-in-practice\">Using WipJoint in Practice<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-wipjoint-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-wipjoint-quick-reference\">WipJoint Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-4-generate-wipjoint-results\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-4-generate-wipjoint-results\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Generate WipJoint Results<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Once the analysis has been completed and you\u2019ve reviewed the discontinuity network, generate the chart.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Right-click<\/strong> or <strong>tap and hold<\/strong> the chart and select <strong>WipJoint<\/strong> from the available chart options. WipFrag will switch from the standard WipFrag results to the WipJoint result view.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":10948,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Open-WipJoint-Chart-2-1024x349.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10948\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#top\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#top\">Top of Page<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-getting-started-with-wipjoint\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-getting-started-with-wipjoint\">Getting Started with WipJoint<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-choose-and-capture-the-rock-face\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-choose-and-capture-the-rock-face\">1. Choose and Capture the Rock Face<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-prepare-the-analysis-in-wipfrag\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-prepare-the-analysis-in-wipfrag\">2. Prepare the Analysis in WipFrag<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-review-the-discontinuity-network\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-review-the-discontinuity-network\">3. Review the Discontinuity Network<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-generate-wipjoint-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-generate-wipjoint-results\">4. Generate WipJoint Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-understand-the-wipjoint-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-understand-the-wipjoint-results\">5. Understand the WipJoint Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-using-wipjoint-in-practice\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-using-wipjoint-in-practice\">Using WipJoint in Practice<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-wipjoint-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-wipjoint-quick-reference\">WipJoint Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-5-understand-the-wipjoint-results\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-5-understand-the-wipjoint-results\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Understand the WipJoint Results<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipJoint combines several measurements to describe the apparent structure visible in the analyzed rock surface. These results should be considered together rather than interpreting any single value in isolation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-apparent-orientation\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-apparent-orientation\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Apparent Orientation<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The <strong>Apparent Orientation Rosette<\/strong> shows the directional distribution of the visible discontinuity traces. WipJoint groups trace directions into <strong>18 directional classes at 10\u00b0 increments<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The amount represented in each direction is based on the total measured length of discontinuity traces within that directional class.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":10950,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipJoint-Orientation-Rosette.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10950\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"50%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4,\"anchor\":\"h-how-to-interpret-it\"} -->\n<h4 id=\"h-how-to-interpret-it\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">How to interpret it<\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use the orientation rosette to identify:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>dominant apparent joint directions;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>secondary joint sets;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>changes in structural direction across different areas; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>whether one or several directional trends dominate the exposure.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A larger sector indicates that more discontinuity trace length was measured in that direction.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                IMPORTANT\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                <b>The rosette describes the apparent orientation of traces on the photographed surface.<\/b> It does NOT represent a full three-dimensional measurement of the underlying discontinuity planes and should NOT be interpreted as equivalent to a geological stereonet containing true strike and dip measurements.\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-apparent-spacing\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-apparent-spacing\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Apparent Spacing<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The <strong>Apparent Spacing Rosette<\/strong> summarizes the spacing of visible discontinuities according to direction. WipJoint reports mean apparent spacing across the <strong>same 18 directional classes at 10\u00b0 increments<\/strong> used by the Orientation Rosette.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":10951,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipJoint-Spacing-Rosette.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10951\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"50%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4,\"anchor\":\"h-what-spacing-means\"} -->\n<h4 id=\"h-what-spacing-means\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">What spacing means<\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>In rock mechanics, true discontinuity spacing is measured perpendicular to adjacent discontinuities within a set. An image of an exposed rock surface provides an <strong>apparent spacing<\/strong> based on the way those discontinuities intersect the photographed surface. The apparent spacing can therefore differ from the true three-dimensional spacing of the discontinuity set.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4,\"anchor\":\"h-how-to-use-it\"} -->\n<h4 id=\"h-how-to-use-it\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">How to use it<\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use apparent spacing to:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>compare closely and widely spaced joint sets;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>identify changes in joint frequency across a face;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>compare structural conditions between areas; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>provide context for apparent block size and rock-mass structure.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Interpret spacing together with orientation, persistence, and the original image.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-persistence\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-persistence\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Persistence<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Persistence describes how far a discontinuity trace remains visible across the exposed rock surface. A long, continuous trace indicates greater visible persistence than a short or interrupted trace.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4,\"anchor\":\"h-why-persistence-matters\"} -->\n<h4 id=\"h-why-persistence-matters\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why persistence matters<\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Two rock masses may have similar joint spacing but very different block structures if the discontinuities differ substantially in persistence.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Longer discontinuities can more completely divide the rock mass, while shorter traces may terminate or be interrupted within the exposed surface.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                IMPORTANT\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                <b>WipJoint measures the visible trace.<\/b> A discontinuity that reaches the edge of the image or becomes covered by material has NOT necessarily ended geologically. Its actual extent may continue outside the photographed exposure or into the rock mass. For this reason, persistence should be interpreted as the visible or apparent extent of the discontinuity.\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-rock-quality-designation-rqd\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-rock-quality-designation-rqd\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Rock Quality Designation \u2013 RQD<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipJoint provides an <strong>estimated Rock Quality Designation (RQD)<\/strong> based on the jointing observed in the analyzed image.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>RQD was originally developed as a drill-core measure of rock quality. WipJoint provides an image-based estimate that allows jointing conditions to be assessed from suitable exposed rock surfaces.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4,\"anchor\":\"h-how-to-use-it-0\"} -->\n<h4 id=\"h-how-to-use-it-0\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">How to use it<\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>RQD can provide an additional numerical reference when:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>comparing different areas of exposed rock;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>documenting changes in structural conditions;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>evaluating representative sections of a bench or development; or<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>tracking rock conditions over time.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The WipJoint RQD result should be interpreted together with the original image and the other structural measurements.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                IMPORTANT\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                <b>WipJoint provides an image-derived RQD estimate based on the ASTM standard.<\/b> It should NOT be understood as a direct drill-core RQD measurement.\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-apparent-in-situ-block-size\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-apparent-in-situ-block-size\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Apparent In-Situ Block Size<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipJoint estimates the <strong>apparent in-situ block size<\/strong> from the visible discontinuity network.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This provides an estimate of the block structure represented by the exposed rock before blasting or other excavation processes further break the material.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipJoint displays the result as a logarithmic block-size distribution similar in concept to the particle-size histogram used in WipFrag.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The reported block size is expressed using the nominal diameter of a sphere having an equivalent volume.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":10952,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipJoint-Apparent-Size-Chart.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10952\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4,\"anchor\":\"h-why-block-size-matters\"} -->\n<h4 id=\"h-why-block-size-matters\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why block size matters<\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The natural structure of the rock mass can have a major influence on the fragmentation produced by blasting. Knowing the apparent pre-blast block structure provides useful context when evaluating the resulting post-blast fragmentation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                IMPORTANT\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                <b>Actual blocks within the rock mass are three-dimensional.<\/b> An image only captures the discontinuities exposed on the photographed surface. Other discontinuity sets, hidden planes, and differences in persistence may influence the true three-dimensional block geometry. For this reason, retain the word <b>apparent<\/b> when referencing WipJoint block-size estimates.\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#top\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#top\">Top of Page<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-getting-started-with-wipjoint\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-getting-started-with-wipjoint\">Getting Started with WipJoint<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-choose-and-capture-the-rock-face\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-choose-and-capture-the-rock-face\">1. Choose and Capture the Rock Face<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-prepare-the-analysis-in-wipfrag\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-prepare-the-analysis-in-wipfrag\">2. Prepare the Analysis in WipFrag<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-review-the-discontinuity-network\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-review-the-discontinuity-network\">3. Review the Discontinuity Network<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-generate-wipjoint-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-generate-wipjoint-results\">4. Generate WipJoint Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-understand-the-wipjoint-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-understand-the-wipjoint-results\">5. Understand the WipJoint Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-using-wipjoint-in-practice\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-using-wipjoint-in-practice\">Using WipJoint in Practice<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-wipjoint-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-wipjoint-quick-reference\">WipJoint Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-using-wipjoint-in-practice\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-using-wipjoint-in-practice\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Using WipJoint in Practice<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-pre-blast-structural-characterization\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-pre-blast-structural-characterization\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pre-blast structural characterization<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Capture representative images of the exposed rock before blasting to provide a record of the structural conditions present before the blast. Use WipJoint to document:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>apparent joint orientation;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>apparent joint spacing;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>persistence;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>estimated RQD; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>apparent in-situ block size.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-compare-geological-conditions\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-compare-geological-conditions\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Compare geological conditions<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use WipJoint to compare representative areas across a bench, quarry, mine, tunnel, or other excavation. Changes in these measurements can help distinguish changes in the rock structure from changes caused by blasting or operating conditions. A consistent capture method makes it easier to identify changes in:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>apparent orientation;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>spacing;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>persistence;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>estimated RQD; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>apparent block size.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-compare-pre-blast-structure-with-post-blast-fragmentation\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-compare-pre-blast-structure-with-post-blast-fragmentation\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Compare pre-blast structure with post-blast fragmentation<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipJoint and WipFrag can be used together to examine the relationship between the original rock structure and the resulting fragmentation. Before blasting, WipJoint characterizes the visible discontinuity network and apparent in-situ block structure. After blasting, WipFrag measures the resulting particle size distribution. Refer to the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipfrag-results-interpretation-guide\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"10998\">Results Interpretation Guide<\/a><\/strong> for guidance on interpreting the post-blast PSD and other standard WipFrag analysis results.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Comparing the two provides additional context when evaluating blast performance. A change in post-blast fragmentation does NOT necessarily result only from a change in blast design. Changes in the underlying rock structure may also contribute.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-compare-apparent-block-size-before-and-after-blasting\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-compare-apparent-block-size-before-and-after-blasting\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Compare apparent block size before and after blasting<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Where appropriate, the estimated mean block size before blasting can be compared with the mean fragmentation size after blasting. This relationship can be used to describe the amount of size reduction achieved between the in-situ rock structure and the blasted material.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Keep the limitations of the apparent in-situ block-size estimate in mind when making this comparison.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-support-blast-planning\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-support-blast-planning\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Support blast planning<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Jointing can influence how a rock mass responds to explosive energy. Information about apparent orientation, spacing, persistence, RQD, and block structure can provide geological context when planning or reviewing blasting practices.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipJoint should be used as a source of structural information rather than as a replacement for blast-design procedures or engineering judgement.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-document-changing-ground-conditions\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-document-changing-ground-conditions\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Document changing ground conditions<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipJoint can also create a permanent image and data record of exposed rock conditions. Repeated analyses can be useful for documenting changing conditions:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>along an underground development;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>across successive quarry faces;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>along a highwall;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>through different geological units; or<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>as an excavation advances.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Consistent capture methods are particularly important when comparing results over time.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-support-geotechnical-assessment\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-support-geotechnical-assessment\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Support geotechnical assessment<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Visible discontinuity geometry is important in many geotechnical applications, and WipJoint can provide useful measurements of the exposed structure. However, rock-mass behaviour can also depend on characteristics that WipJoint does NOT fully measure, including:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>discontinuity roughness;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>aperture;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>infilling;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>weathering;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>intact rock strength;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>groundwater conditions; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>discontinuities that are NOT visible on the photographed surface.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipJoint results should therefore support, rather than replace, a complete geotechnical assessment where one is required.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                MORE INFORMATION\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                For detailed WipFrag software controls, refer to the latest <b><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=6685\">WipFrag User Manual<\/a><\/b>.<br><br>\nFor field-image capture, scaling, underground lighting, and sampling recommendations, refer to the <b><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipfrag-image-capture-and-sampling-guide\">WipFrag Image Capture and Sampling Guide<\/a><\/b>.<br><br>\nWhen WipJoint results are used for engineering or geotechnical decisions, interpret them together with appropriate geological observations, site information, and qualified professional judgement.\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#top\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#top\">Top of Page<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-getting-started-with-wipjoint\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-getting-started-with-wipjoint\">Getting Started with WipJoint<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-choose-and-capture-the-rock-face\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-choose-and-capture-the-rock-face\">1. Choose and Capture the Rock Face<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-prepare-the-analysis-in-wipfrag\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-prepare-the-analysis-in-wipfrag\">2. Prepare the Analysis in WipFrag<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-review-the-discontinuity-network\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-review-the-discontinuity-network\">3. Review the Discontinuity Network<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-generate-wipjoint-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-generate-wipjoint-results\">4. Generate WipJoint Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-understand-the-wipjoint-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-understand-the-wipjoint-results\">5. Understand the WipJoint Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-using-wipjoint-in-practice\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-using-wipjoint-in-practice\">Using WipJoint in Practice<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-wipjoint-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-wipjoint-quick-reference\">WipJoint Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-wipjoint-quick-reference\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-wipjoint-quick-reference\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">WipJoint Quick Reference<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns\"><!-- wp:column {\"width\":\"50%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-before-capture\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-before-capture\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Before Capture<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Choose a representative exposed rock surface.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Identify the discontinuities or structural conditions you want to characterize.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Select a viewpoint as square to the face as practical.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Confirm that the smallest discontinuities of interest will be visible.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Choose an appropriate scaling method.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Plan additional images if the face is large or structurally variable.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-capture\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-capture\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Capture<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Fill the image with the rock surface.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Keep the image sharp and well exposed.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Avoid strong oblique perspective.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Avoid glare or deep shadows that hide discontinuities.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Keep physical scales clearly visible if used.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Capture additional representative areas when necessary.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-analyze\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-analyze\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Analyze<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Open or capture the image in WipFrag.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Set the scale.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Complete the rock-face analysis.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Review the analyzed discontinuity network.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Generate the chart.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Right-click or tap and hold the chart.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Select <strong>WipJoint<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-review-the-results\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-review-the-results\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Review the Results<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Apparent Orientation<\/strong> \u2013 What directions dominate the visible discontinuity traces?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Apparent Spacing<\/strong> \u2013 How closely spaced are the visible joint sets?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Persistence<\/strong> \u2013 How far do the discontinuities remain visible across the exposure?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Estimated RQD<\/strong> \u2013 How does the estimated rock quality compare between representative areas?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Apparent In-Situ Block Size<\/strong> \u2013 What block structure is indicated by the visible discontinuity network?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Context<\/strong> \u2013 Do the results agree with what is visible in the original rock-face image?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"width\":\"50%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #000000;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <thead>\n        <tr>\n            <th style=\"\n                background-color: #00b050;\n                color: #ffffff;\n                font-size: 22px;\n                font-weight: bold;\n                text-align: center;\n                padding: 12px 16px;\n                border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                WIPJOINT \u2013 DO\n            <\/th>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/thead>\n\n    <tbody>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 1 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Capture a representative rock surface.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 2 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Photograph the face as directly as practical.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 3 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Keep the discontinuities of interest clearly visible.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 4 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use a sharp, well-focused image.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 5 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Scale the image correctly.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 6 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use several representative areas where structural conditions vary.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 7 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Review the discontinuity network against the original image.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 8 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Interpret orientation and spacing as apparent measurements.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 9 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Consider orientation, spacing, persistence, RQD, and block size together.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 10 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Keep the original image available when interpreting the results.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 11 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use consistent capture methods when comparing locations or changes over time.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #000000;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <thead>\n        <tr>\n            <th style=\"\n                background-color: #ee0000;\n                color: #ffffff;\n                font-size: 22px;\n                font-weight: bold;\n                text-align: center;\n                padding: 12px 16px;\n                border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                WIPJOINT \u2013 AVOID\n            <\/th>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/thead>\n\n    <tbody>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 1 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Strong oblique viewing angles.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 2 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Images where the joints of interest cannot be distinguished.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 3 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Selecting only the most visibly fractured area.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 4 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Assuming one small image represents an entire variable face.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 5 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Treating apparent orientation as true three-dimensional joint-plane orientation.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 6 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Treating apparent spacing as true normal spacing without considering the exposure.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 7 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Assuming a discontinuity ends because its trace reaches the edge of the image.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 8 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Considering the WipJoint RQD estimate as a direct drill-core measurement.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 9 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Treating apparent in-situ block size as a complete three-dimensional block survey.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 10 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Interpreting WipJoint results without reviewing the original rock surface.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 11 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Entering an unsafe area solely to obtain a better image.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\",\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"center\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#top\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#top\">Top of Page<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-getting-started-with-wipjoint\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-getting-started-with-wipjoint\">Getting Started with WipJoint<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-choose-and-capture-the-rock-face\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-choose-and-capture-the-rock-face\">1. Choose and Capture the Rock Face<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-prepare-the-analysis-in-wipfrag\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-prepare-the-analysis-in-wipfrag\">2. Prepare the Analysis in WipFrag<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-review-the-discontinuity-network\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-review-the-discontinuity-network\">3. Review the Discontinuity Network<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-generate-wipjoint-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-generate-wipjoint-results\">4. Generate WipJoint Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-understand-the-wipjoint-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-understand-the-wipjoint-results\">5. Understand the WipJoint Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-using-wipjoint-in-practice\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-using-wipjoint-in-practice\">Using WipJoint in Practice<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-wipjoint-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-wipjoint-quick-reference\">WipJoint Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:buttons {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons\"><!-- wp:button -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=10977\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PDF \u2b73<\/a><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:button --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:buttons --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator {\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-thick\",\"anchor\":\"h-related-articles\"} -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator aligncenter has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-thick\" id=\"h-related-articles\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->","post_title":"WipJoint Guide","post_excerpt":"Using WipFrag's WipJoint feature to measure rock structure, map discontinuity and characterize in-situ block size","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"wipjoint-guide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2026-10-09 15:14:41","post_modified_gmt":"2026-10-09 19:14:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=10940","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":10847,"post_author":"20","post_date":"2026-10-02 14:15:03","post_date_gmt":"2026-10-02 18:15:03","post_content":"<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"width\":\"100%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\" style=\"flex-basis:100%\"><!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"space-between\",\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:post-excerpt {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fill\",\"flexSize\":null},\"typography\":{\"fontStyle\":\"italic\",\"fontWeight\":\"700\"}}} \/-->\n\n<!-- wp:buttons {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons\"><!-- wp:button -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=10974\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PDF \u2b73<\/a><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:button --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:buttons --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"20px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"20px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:yoast-seo\/table-of-contents {\"level\":3,\"maxHeadingLevel\":2} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-yoast-seo-table-of-contents yoast-table-of-contents\"><h3>Contents<\/h3><ul><li><a href=\"#h-introduction-to-blastcast\" data-level=\"2\">Introduction to BlastCast<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-1-before-you-begin\" data-level=\"2\">1. Before You Begin<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-2-calibrate-blastcast-to-your-current-blast\" data-level=\"2\">2. Calibrate BlastCast to Your Current Blast<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-3-test-changes-to-blast-parameters\" data-level=\"2\">3. Test Changes to Blast Parameters<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-4-blastcast-parameters-explained\" data-level=\"2\">4. BlastCast Parameters Explained<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-5-using-and-interpreting-the-prediction\" data-level=\"2\">5. Using and Interpreting the Prediction<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-blastcast-quick-reference\" data-level=\"2\">BlastCast Quick Reference<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:yoast-seo\/table-of-contents -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-introduction-to-blastcast\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-introduction-to-blastcast\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Introduction to BlastCast<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>BlastCast is a <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/wipfrag\/\" data-type=\"products\" data-id=\"36\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">WipFrag<\/a> tool for comparing measured fragmentation with a predicted particle size distribution based on blast design and loading parameters.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The basic workflow is:  <strong>Measure &nbsp;&nbsp;\u2192&nbsp; &nbsp;Calibrate &nbsp;&nbsp;\u2192&nbsp; &nbsp;Predict<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>First, analyze the fragmentation from a completed surface blast in WipFrag. Enter the parameters that were actually used for that blast and use them to calibrate the Rock Factor. Once calibrated, keep the Rock Factor fixed and adjust the controllable blast parameters to see how the predicted particle size distribution changes.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>BlastCast displays two curves:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item {\"style\":{\"elements\":{\"link\":{\"color\":{\"text\":\"var:preset|color|vivid-cyan-blue\"}}}},\"textColor\":\"vivid-cyan-blue\"} -->\n<li class=\"has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color has-link-color\"><strong>Blue \u2013 Measured Fragmentation<\/strong>:  The particle size distribution measured from the completed blast in WipFrag.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item {\"style\":{\"elements\":{\"link\":{\"color\":{\"text\":\"var:preset|color|vivid-red\"}}}},\"textColor\":\"vivid-red\"} -->\n<li class=\"has-vivid-red-color has-text-color has-link-color\"><strong>Red \u2013 Predicted Fragmentation<\/strong>:  The particle size distribution calculated by BlastCast from the current model inputs.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Changing the blast parameters moves the predicted curve. Your measured WipFrag result remains the reference. For help reading the measured PSD, D-values and other standard WipFrag results, refer to the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipfrag-results-interpretation-guide\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"10998\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Results Interpretation Guide<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":10909,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/WipFrag-BlastCast-Red-Blue-Curves-Labelled-1024x610.png\" alt=\"A BlastCast chart in WipFrag with the blue measured curve and red predicted curve labelled\" class=\"wp-image-10909\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-what-blastcast-is-for\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-what-blastcast-is-for\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">What BlastCast is for<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use BlastCast to:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>compare predicted fragmentation with measured surface blast results;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>calibrate the prediction to local rock conditions;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>explore changes to burden, spacing, hole diameter, explosives, and other blast parameters; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>compare possible blast scenarios before applying changes in the field.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>BlastCast is a prediction and comparison tool. It does NOT replace blast design procedures, engineering judgement, site standards, or the requirements of qualified blasting personnel.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                REMEMBER\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                <b>BlastCast is designed for surface blasts.<\/b> It can NOT be used to predict fragmentation for underground blasts.\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#top\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#top\">Top of Page<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-introduction-to-blastcast\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-introduction-to-blastcast\">Introduction to BlastCast<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-before-you-begin\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-before-you-begin\">1. Before You Begin<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-calibrate-blastcast-to-your-current-blast\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-calibrate-blastcast-to-your-current-blast\">2. Calibrate BlastCast to Your Current Blast<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-test-changes-to-blast-parameters\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-test-changes-to-blast-parameters\">3. Test Changes to Blast Parameters<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-blastcast-parameters-explained\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-blastcast-parameters-explained\">4. BlastCast Parameters Explained<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-using-and-interpreting-the-prediction\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-using-and-interpreting-the-prediction\">5. Using and Interpreting the Prediction<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-blastcast-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-blastcast-quick-reference\">BlastCast Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-1-before-you-begin\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-1-before-you-begin\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Before You Begin<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>BlastCast works best when it starts with a representative WipFrag analysis and reliable information about the blast that produced it.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Before opening BlastCast, have the following ready:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>A completed WipFrag fragmentation analysis<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Use representative images from the blast and complete the analysis as normal<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list --><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>The actual blast parameters<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">Use the values that were used in the completed blast \u2014 NOT planned values that differ from what was actually drilled or loaded<\/span><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>You will need:<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Bench Height<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Burden<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Spacing<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Hole Diameter<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Drill Accuracy<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Relative Weight Strength<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Explosive Density<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list --><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list --><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>BlastCast will use these values together with the measured fragmentation to establish the Rock Factor for the model.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                REMEMBER\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                <b>Calibrate from what actually happened.<\/b> The measured fragmentation and the blast parameters entered into BlastCast should describe the same blast.\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-use-reliable-source-values\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-use-reliable-source-values\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Use reliable source values<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use drill and blast records wherever possible.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For explosive properties such as Relative Weight Strength and Density, use the applicable manufacturer's technical data rather than estimating the values.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":10911,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Blast-Records-Specifications-BlastCast-1024x234.png\" alt=\"WipFrag results + blast records + explosives specifications = BlastCast results\" class=\"wp-image-10911\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#top\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#top\">Top of Page<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-introduction-to-blastcast\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-introduction-to-blastcast\">Introduction to BlastCast<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-before-you-begin\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-before-you-begin\">1. Before You Begin<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-calibrate-blastcast-to-your-current-blast\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-calibrate-blastcast-to-your-current-blast\">2. Calibrate BlastCast to Your Current Blast<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-test-changes-to-blast-parameters\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-test-changes-to-blast-parameters\">3. Test Changes to Blast Parameters<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-blastcast-parameters-explained\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-blastcast-parameters-explained\">4. BlastCast Parameters Explained<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-using-and-interpreting-the-prediction\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-using-and-interpreting-the-prediction\">5. Using and Interpreting the Prediction<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-blastcast-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-blastcast-quick-reference\">BlastCast Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-2-calibrate-blastcast-to-your-current-blast\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-2-calibrate-blastcast-to-your-current-blast\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Calibrate BlastCast to Your Current Blast<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Calibration connects the BlastCast prediction model to the fragmentation actually produced by your blast.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>On the completed WipFrag analysis card, <strong>right-click<\/strong> or <strong>tap and hold<\/strong> the chart, then select <strong>BlastCast<\/strong> from the chart options.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The analysis will switch to the BlastCast view, where the measured fragmentation curve can be compared with the prediction.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":10912,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Open-BlastCast-Chart-1024x616.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10912\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-step-1-select-your-units\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-step-1-select-your-units\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 1 - <strong>Select your units<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Set BlastCast to the measurement system used for your blast records. Use Metric for metric units or Imperial \/ OFF for imperial units.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-step-2-enable-auto-rock-factor\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-step-2-enable-auto-rock-factor\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 2 - <strong>Enable Auto Rock Factor<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Turn Auto <strong>ON<\/strong> for the Rock Factor <strong><em>before<\/em><\/strong> entering the current blast parameters. Auto Rock Factor allows BlastCast to determine the Rock Factor that brings the prediction into alignment with the measured WipFrag result at X50 (the particle size at which 50% of the measured material passes).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":10913,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-BlastCast-Open-Parameters.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10913\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-step-3-enter-the-actual-blast-parameters\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-step-3-enter-the-actual-blast-parameters\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 3 - <strong>Enter the actual blast parameters<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Enter the values used for the completed blast:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Bench Height<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Burden<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Spacing<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Diameter<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Drill Accuracy<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Relative Weight Strength<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Density<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use the sliders or available value controls to match the actual blast.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>As the inputs change, BlastCast updates the predicted curve and recalculates the Rock Factor.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":10914,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-BlastCast-Blast-Parameters.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10914\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-step-4-check-the-calibration\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-step-4-check-the-calibration\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 4 - Check the calibration<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Once the actual blast parameters have been entered, compare the predicted red curve with the measured blue curve.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":10915,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/BlastCast-Chart-Results-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10915\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-step-5-lock-the-rock-factor\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-step-5-lock-the-rock-factor\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 5 - Lock the Rock Factor<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":10916,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"className\":\"is-style-default\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-style-default\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/BlastCast-Auto-Rock-Factor-Off.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10916\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>When the current blast has been entered and calibrated, turn the Rock Factor Auto setting <strong>OFF<\/strong>. This locks the calibrated Rock Factor.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Do NOT continue recalibrating Rock Factor while testing design changes. The purpose of the next step is to hold the rock condition constant while changing the controllable blast inputs.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                CALIBRATION COMPLETE\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                You now have a BlastCast model tied to the measured fragmentation and conditions of the completed blast.\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#top\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#top\">Top of Page<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-introduction-to-blastcast\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-introduction-to-blastcast\">Introduction to BlastCast<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-before-you-begin\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-before-you-begin\">1. Before You Begin<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-calibrate-blastcast-to-your-current-blast\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-calibrate-blastcast-to-your-current-blast\">2. Calibrate BlastCast to Your Current Blast<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-test-changes-to-blast-parameters\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-test-changes-to-blast-parameters\">3. Test Changes to Blast Parameters<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-blastcast-parameters-explained\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-blastcast-parameters-explained\">4. BlastCast Parameters Explained<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-using-and-interpreting-the-prediction\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-using-and-interpreting-the-prediction\">5. Using and Interpreting the Prediction<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-blastcast-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-blastcast-quick-reference\">BlastCast Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-3-test-changes-to-blast-parameters\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-3-test-changes-to-blast-parameters\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Test Changes to Blast Parameters<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Once Rock Factor has been calibrated and locked, use BlastCast to explore how changes to controllable parameters affect the predicted fragmentation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-adjust-a-parameter-and-watch-the-red-prediction-curve\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-adjust-a-parameter-and-watch-the-red-prediction-curve\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Adjust a parameter and watch the red prediction curve<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The blue measured curve stays in place as the reference from the completed blast.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-start-with-one-change-at-a-time\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-start-with-one-change-at-a-time\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Start with one change at a time<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>When learning how a parameter affects the prediction, change one input at a time.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example:  <strong>Current Spacing&nbsp; &nbsp;\u2192 &nbsp;&nbsp;Adjust Spacing&nbsp; &nbsp;\u2192 &nbsp;&nbsp;Compare Prediction<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This makes it easier to see which parameter caused the change in the predicted PSD.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Once you understand the individual effects, combinations of realistic changes can be tested together.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":10918,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/BlastCast-Parameter-Change-Comparison-1024x339.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10918\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-compare-against-the-result-you-want\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-compare-against-the-result-you-want\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Compare against the result you want<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Do NOT judge the prediction only by whether the entire curve moves finer or coarser.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Consider the particle sizes that matter to the operation, such as:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>desired D50 or D80;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>maximum acceptable fragment size;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>crusher feed requirements;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>oversize limits; or<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>another operational PSD target.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>BlastCast is most useful when the simulation is tied to a specific operational objective rather than simply trying to make fragmentation \u201csmaller.\u201d<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-keep-rock-factor-fixed\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-keep-rock-factor-fixed\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Keep Rock Factor fixed<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>If the purpose is to compare blast designs under the same rock conditions, leave the calibrated Rock Factor unchanged while testing the other parameters.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>If the rock mass changes materially, do NOT assume that a Rock Factor calibrated in one geological condition automatically represents another. Recalibrate using a representative measured blast from the new conditions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#top\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#top\">Top of Page<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-introduction-to-blastcast\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-introduction-to-blastcast\">Introduction to BlastCast<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-before-you-begin\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-before-you-begin\">1. Before You Begin<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-calibrate-blastcast-to-your-current-blast\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-calibrate-blastcast-to-your-current-blast\">2. Calibrate BlastCast to Your Current Blast<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-test-changes-to-blast-parameters\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-test-changes-to-blast-parameters\">3. Test Changes to Blast Parameters<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-blastcast-parameters-explained\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-blastcast-parameters-explained\">4. BlastCast Parameters Explained<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-using-and-interpreting-the-prediction\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-using-and-interpreting-the-prediction\">5. Using and Interpreting the Prediction<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-blastcast-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-blastcast-quick-reference\">BlastCast Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-4-blastcast-parameters-explained\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-4-blastcast-parameters-explained\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. BlastCast Parameters Explained<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:table {\"hasFixedLayout\":false} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Parameter<\/th><th>Description<\/th><th>What to enter in BlastCast<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong><em>Bench Height<\/em><\/strong><\/td><td>Vertical height from bench floor to crest.<\/td><td>Actual bench height for the blast.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong><em>Burden<\/em><\/strong><\/td><td>Distance from a blasthole to the nearest free face; for interior rows, generally the row-to-row distance.<\/td><td>Actual burden used.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong><em>Spacing<\/em><\/strong><\/td><td>Distance between adjacent blastholes in the same row.<\/td><td>Actual hole spacing used.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong><em>Hole Diameter<\/em><\/strong><\/td><td>Nominal diameter of the blasthole.<\/td><td>Hole diameter used for the blast.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong><em>Drill Accuracy<\/em><\/strong><\/td><td>Represents deviation from the intended hole position, alignment and trajectory.<\/td><td>A representative value for the drilling accuracy achieved.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong><em>Relative Weight Strength<\/em><\/strong><\/td><td>Explosive energy per unit mass relative to ANFO = 100.<\/td><td>Manufacturer's RWS value.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong><em>Explosive Density<\/em><\/strong><\/td><td>Mass of explosive per unit volume.<\/td><td>Loaded density in g\/cm\u00b3 or equivalent.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong><em>Rock Factor<\/em><\/strong><\/td><td>Calibrated parameter representing the influence of the rock mass on fragmentation.<\/td><td>Auto-calibrate from the measured blast, then lock.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:table -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":10919,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/BlastCast-Blast-Parameters-Diagram.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10919\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                IMPORTANT\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                <b>Rock Factor is NOT simply another design slider.<\/b> It represents the rock conditions against which the blast model is being calibrated.\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#top\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#top\">Top of Page<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-introduction-to-blastcast\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-introduction-to-blastcast\">Introduction to BlastCast<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-before-you-begin\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-before-you-begin\">1. Before You Begin<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-calibrate-blastcast-to-your-current-blast\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-calibrate-blastcast-to-your-current-blast\">2. Calibrate BlastCast to Your Current Blast<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-test-changes-to-blast-parameters\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-test-changes-to-blast-parameters\">3. Test Changes to Blast Parameters<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-blastcast-parameters-explained\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-blastcast-parameters-explained\">4. BlastCast Parameters Explained<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-using-and-interpreting-the-prediction\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-using-and-interpreting-the-prediction\">5. Using and Interpreting the Prediction<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-blastcast-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-blastcast-quick-reference\">BlastCast Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-5-using-and-interpreting-the-prediction\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-5-using-and-interpreting-the-prediction\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Using and Interpreting the Prediction<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":10921,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/BlastCast-Parameter-Change-Comparison-2-1024x555.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10921\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>BlastCast is most useful as a comparison tool.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The red curve does NOT represent a measured future result. It represents the fragmentation predicted by the model from the parameters currently entered.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use the prediction to compare scenarios and understand the direction and scale of the modeled change.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-a-practical-workflow\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-a-practical-workflow\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">A practical workflow<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Baseline: <\/strong>Start with the completed blast and calibrated Rock Factor.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Change: <\/strong>Adjust one or more realistic blast parameters.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Compare: <\/strong>Watch how the predicted curve changes relative to the measured baseline.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Evaluate: <\/strong>Check the particle sizes or portions of the PSD that matter to your operation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Refine: <\/strong>Test another realistic scenario if required.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Verify: <\/strong>After the next blast, analyze the actual fragmentation with WipFrag and compare the measured result with the prediction.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>That final step is important. BlastCast should be part of a continuous cycle.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":10920,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/BlastCast-Continuous-Improvement-Cycle-1005x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10920\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#top\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#top\">Top of Page<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-introduction-to-blastcast\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-introduction-to-blastcast\">Introduction to BlastCast<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-before-you-begin\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-before-you-begin\">1. Before You Begin<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-calibrate-blastcast-to-your-current-blast\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-calibrate-blastcast-to-your-current-blast\">2. Calibrate BlastCast to Your Current Blast<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-test-changes-to-blast-parameters\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-test-changes-to-blast-parameters\">3. Test Changes to Blast Parameters<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-blastcast-parameters-explained\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-blastcast-parameters-explained\">4. BlastCast Parameters Explained<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-using-and-interpreting-the-prediction\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-using-and-interpreting-the-prediction\">5. Using and Interpreting the Prediction<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-blastcast-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-blastcast-quick-reference\">BlastCast Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-blastcast-quick-reference\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-blastcast-quick-reference\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">BlastCast Quick Reference<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-before-calibration\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-before-calibration\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Before calibration<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Complete the WipFrag fragmentation analysis.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Confirm the analysis represents the blast being modeled.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Gather the actual drill and blast parameters.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Confirm the explosive RWS and Density.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Select the correct units.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-calibrate\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-calibrate\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Calibrate<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Open BlastCast.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Enable Auto Rock Factor.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Enter the current blast parameters.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Confirm the measured and predicted curves.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Allow Rock Factor to calibrate at X50.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Turn Auto Rock Factor off to lock the value.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-predict\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-predict\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Predict<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Keep Rock Factor fixed.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Adjust the parameter you want to investigate.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Review the change in the red prediction curve.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Compare the predicted PSD with the operational target.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Record the scenario being considered.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-after-the-next-blast\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-after-the-next-blast\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">After the next blast<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Analyze the resulting fragmentation in WipFrag.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Compare the measured result with the prediction.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Recalibrate when appropriate before testing the next design.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<style>\n\/* =========================================================\n   MOBILE LAYOUT\n   All DO items stack first, followed by all AVOID items.\n   Desktop\/tablet layout is unaffected.\n   ========================================================= *\/\n\n@media (max-width: 600px) {\n\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table {\n        display: block;\n        width: 100%;\n        border-collapse: separate;\n    }\n\n    \/* Hide the original two-column header *\/\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table thead {\n        display: none;\n    }\n\n    \/*\n     * Flatten the table rows so the cells can be reordered.\n     * This allows every DO cell to appear before every AVOID cell.\n     *\/\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tbody {\n        display: flex;\n        flex-direction: column;\n        width: 100%;\n    }\n\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tr {\n        display: contents;\n    }\n\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table td {\n        display: block;\n        width: 100% !important;\n        box-sizing: border-box;\n        padding: 12px 16px !important;\n        font-size: 16px !important;\n        line-height: 1.45;\n    }\n\n    \/* All DO cells first *\/\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table td:first-child {\n        order: 1;\n        border-right: none !important;\n    }\n\n    \/* All AVOID cells second *\/\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table td:last-child {\n        order: 2;\n    }\n\n    \/* Mobile DO header *\/\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tr:first-child td:first-child::before {\n        content: \"BLASTCAST \u2013 DO\";\n        display: block;\n        margin: -12px -16px 12px -16px;\n        padding: 9px 16px;\n        background-color: #00b050;\n        color: #ffffff;\n        font-size: 20px;\n        font-weight: bold;\n        text-align: center;\n        border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n    }\n\n    \/* Thick divider before AVOID section *\/\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tr:first-child td:last-child {\n        border-top: 3pt solid #000000;\n    }\n\n    \/* Mobile AVOID header *\/\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tr:first-child td:last-child::before {\n        content: \"BLASTCAST \u2013 AVOID\";\n        display: block;\n        margin: -12px -16px 12px -16px;\n        padding: 9px 16px;\n        background-color: #ee0000;\n        color: #ffffff;\n        font-size: 20px;\n        font-weight: bold;\n        text-align: center;\n        border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n    }\n}\n<\/style>\n\n\n<div id=\"general-do-avoid\">\n\n<table class=\"do-avoid-table\" style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #000000;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n\n    <!-- =====================================================\n         HEADER\n         ===================================================== -->\n    <thead>\n        <tr>\n            <th style=\"\n                width: 50%;\n                background-color: #00b050;\n                color: #ffffff;\n                font-size: 22px;\n                font-weight: bold;\n                text-align: center;\n                padding: 12px 16px;\n                border-right: 3pt solid #000000;\n                border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                BLASTCAST \u2013 DO\n            <\/th>\n\n            <th style=\"\n                width: 50%;\n                background-color: #ee0000;\n                color: #ffffff;\n                font-size: 22px;\n                font-weight: bold;\n                text-align: center;\n                padding: 12px 16px;\n                border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                BLASTCAST \u2013 AVOID\n            <\/th>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/thead>\n\n\n    <!-- =====================================================\n         CONTENT\n         ===================================================== -->\n    <tbody>\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 1 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 1 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Start with a completed, representative WipFrag analysis.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 1 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Calibrating from fragmentation and parameters belonging to different blasts.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 2 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 2 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use the actual parameters from the blast being analyzed.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 2 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Guessing blast inputs when actual records are available.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 3 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 3 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use manufacturer data for explosive properties.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 3 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Changing Rock Factor while also testing design parameters.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 4 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 4 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Enable Auto Rock Factor while calibrating the baseline.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 4 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Treating the prediction curve as a measured result.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 5 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 5 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Lock Rock Factor after calibration.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 5 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Assuming one calibrated Rock Factor represents every geological condition.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 6 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 6 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Change one parameter at a time when learning its effect.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 6 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Changing several parameters at once when you are trying to understand the effect of one.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 7 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 7 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Test combinations only when they represent realistic blast scenarios.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 7 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Optimizing solely for \u201csmaller\u201d fragmentation without considering downstream requirements.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 8 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 8 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Compare predictions against operationally relevant particle sizes.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 8 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Using BlastCast as a replacement for qualified blast design and site procedures.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 9 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 9 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Recalibrate when working in materially different rock conditions.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:0px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:0px 0px;\n            \">\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 10 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 10 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Measure the next blast and compare the actual result with the prediction.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:0px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:0px 0px;\n            \">\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"50px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                MORE INFORMATION\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                For detailed WipFrag software controls and the technical basis of the prediction model, refer to the latest <b><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=6685\">WipFrag User Manual<\/a><\/b> and the <b>KCO Blast Model<\/b> document available within BlastCast.\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\",\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"center\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#top\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#top\">Top of Page<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-introduction-to-blastcast\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-introduction-to-blastcast\">Introduction to BlastCast<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-before-you-begin\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-before-you-begin\">1. Before You Begin<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-calibrate-blastcast-to-your-current-blast\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-calibrate-blastcast-to-your-current-blast\">2. Calibrate BlastCast to Your Current Blast<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-test-changes-to-blast-parameters\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-test-changes-to-blast-parameters\">3. Test Changes to Blast Parameters<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-blastcast-parameters-explained\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-blastcast-parameters-explained\">4. BlastCast Parameters Explained<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-using-and-interpreting-the-prediction\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-using-and-interpreting-the-prediction\">5. Using and Interpreting the Prediction<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-blastcast-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-blastcast-quick-reference\">BlastCast Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:buttons {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons\"><!-- wp:button -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=10974\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PDF \u2b73<\/a><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:button --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:buttons --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator {\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-thick\",\"anchor\":\"h-related-articles\"} -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator aligncenter has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-thick\" id=\"h-related-articles\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->","post_title":"BlastCast Guide","post_excerpt":"Using WipFrag\u2019s BlastCast to predict fragmentation and optimize blasts","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"blastcast-guide","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipfrag-results-interpretation-guide\/","post_modified":"2026-10-09 15:14:08","post_modified_gmt":"2026-10-09 19:14:08","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=10847","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}]},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.6 (Yoast SEO v28.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>WipFrag Results Interpretation Guide &#8226; WipWare<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A practical guide to understanding particle size distributions, particle shape and WipFrag analysis results.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/hi\/kb\/wipfrag-results-interpretation-guide\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hi_IN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"WipFrag Results Interpretation Guide\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Understand what your WipFrag results are telling you. Learn how to read PSD curves, D-values, histograms, size classes, shape measurements, specifications and visual results.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/hi\/kb\/wipfrag-results-interpretation-guide\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"WipWare\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/WipWare\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-10-09T16:19:51+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-10-09T19:19:11+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Results-Interpretation.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1386\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"792\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Andrew Palangio\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Results Interpretation Guide &#8226; 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