{"id":11197,"date":"2026-10-15T16:47:38","date_gmt":"2026-10-15T20:47:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197"},"modified":"2026-10-16T11:12:21","modified_gmt":"2026-10-16T15:12:21","slug":"understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/","title":{"rendered":"Comprendre le dynamitage et la fragmentation des roches"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:100%\"><div style=\"font-style:italic;font-weight:700\" class=\"wp-block-post-excerpt wp-container-content-9cfa9a5a\"><p class=\"wp-block-post-excerpt__excerpt\">Explorez les principes fondamentaux du dynamitage et de la fragmentation des roches, notamment l&#039;\u00e9nergie explosive, la charge, l&#039;espacement, la pr\u00e9cision du forage et comment les mesures de la taille des particules contribuent \u00e0 l&#039;optimisation du dynamitage. <\/p><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:100%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-yoast-seo-table-of-contents yoast-table-of-contents\"><h2>Table des mati\u00e8res<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"#h-1-how-explosive-blasting-breaks-rock\" data-level=\"2\">1. Comment le dynamitage brise la roche<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-2-rock-properties-and-geological-influences\" data-level=\"2\">2. Propri\u00e9t\u00e9s des roches et influences g\u00e9ologiques<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-3-understanding-blast-geometry\" data-level=\"2\">3. Comprendre la g\u00e9om\u00e9trie des explosions<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-4-explosive-energy-distribution-and-confinement\" data-level=\"2\">4. Distribution et confinement de l&#039;\u00e9nergie explosive<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-5-how-excessive-burden-affects-fragmentation\" data-level=\"2\">5. Comment une charge excessive affecte la fragmentation<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-6-drilling-accuracy-and-blast-execution\" data-level=\"2\">6. Pr\u00e9cision du forage et ex\u00e9cution du tir<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-7-what-determines-successful-blast-fragmentation\" data-level=\"2\">7. Qu\u2019est-ce qui d\u00e9termine la r\u00e9ussite de la fragmentation par explosion\u00a0?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-8-measuring-and-evaluating-blast-fragmentation\" data-level=\"2\">8. Mesure et \u00e9valuation de la fragmentation par explosion<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-9-from-fragmentation-measurement-to-blast-optimization\" data-level=\"2\">9. De la mesure de la fragmentation \u00e0 l&#039;optimisation du tir<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-conclusion\" data-level=\"2\">Conclusion<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-references\" data-level=\"2\">R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le dynamitage des roches est une \u00e9tape essentielle des activit\u00e9s mini\u00e8res, d&#039;extraction et de construction. L&#039;utilisation d&#039;explosifs pour fragmenter de grands volumes de roche en morceaux plus faciles \u00e0 manipuler permet d&#039;effectuer des op\u00e9rations d&#039;excavation, de transport, de concassage et de traitement des mat\u00e9riaux plus efficacement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cependant, un dynamitage r\u00e9ussi ne se limite pas \u00e0 la simple fragmentation de la roche. Les d\u00e9bris obtenus doivent \u00e9galement r\u00e9pondre aux exigences des \u00e9quipements et des proc\u00e9d\u00e9s ult\u00e9rieurs. Des mat\u00e9riaux trop grossiers peuvent poser probl\u00e8me lors du chargement ou du concassage, tandis qu&#039;une quantit\u00e9 excessive de fines peut engendrer d&#039;autres difficult\u00e9s de manutention et de traitement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La taille et la r\u00e9partition des fragments de roche d\u00e9pendent de plusieurs facteurs interd\u00e9pendants, notamment les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s de la roche, les caract\u00e9ristiques de l&#039;explosif, la g\u00e9om\u00e9trie du tir, la pr\u00e9cision du forage et le moment de l&#039;amor\u00e7age.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Comprendre ces relations et mesurer les r\u00e9sultats constituent le fondement de l&#039;am\u00e9lioration des performances de dynamitage.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Aller \u00e0\u00a0:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size is-horizontal is-layout-flex wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">1. Comment le dynamitage brise la roche<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">2. Propri\u00e9t\u00e9s des roches et influences g\u00e9ologiques<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">3. Comprendre la g\u00e9om\u00e9trie des explosions<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">4. Distribution et confinement de l&#039;\u00e9nergie explosive<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">5. Comment une charge excessive affecte la fragmentation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">6. Pr\u00e9cision du forage et ex\u00e9cution du tir<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">7. Qu\u2019est-ce qui d\u00e9termine la r\u00e9ussite de la fragmentation par explosion\u00a0?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">8. Mesure et \u00e9valuation de la fragmentation par explosion<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">9. De la mesure de la fragmentation \u00e0 l&#039;optimisation du tir<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">Conclusion<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Articles connexes<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 id=\"h-1-how-explosive-blasting-breaks-rock\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Comment le dynamitage brise la roche<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lorsqu&#039;une charge explosive d\u00e9tonne \u00e0 l&#039;int\u00e9rieur d&#039;un trou de mine, elle lib\u00e8re de l&#039;\u00e9nergie qui g\u00e9n\u00e8re des ondes de pression et de contrainte intenses dans la roche environnante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L&#039;interaction entre ces forces, l&#039;expansion des gaz explosifs et les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s physiques de la roche provoque la formation de fractures et la s\u00e9paration des fragments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La rupture des roches est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme une combinaison de plusieurs m\u00e9canismes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"646\" height=\"510\" data-id=\"7355\" src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/5-Figure2-1.png\" alt=\"Croquis montrant le trou de mine, les fissures aux joints et les dommages.\" class=\"wp-image-7355\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/5-Figure2-1.png 646w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/5-Figure2-1-300x237.png 300w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/5-Figure2-1-15x12.png 15w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 646px) 100vw, 646px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"581\" height=\"569\" data-id=\"7357\" src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Crushed-and-cracked-zones-around-the-explosion-point_W640.jpg\" alt=\"Un croquis montre la zone d\u00e9vast\u00e9e par l&#039;explosion.\" class=\"wp-image-7357\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Crushed-and-cracked-zones-around-the-explosion-point_W640.jpg 581w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Crushed-and-cracked-zones-around-the-explosion-point_W640-300x294.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Crushed-and-cracked-zones-around-the-explosion-point_W640-12x12.jpg 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 581px) 100vw, 581px\" \/><\/figure>\n<figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-caption wp-element-caption\"><em>Diagrammes de Shadab Far et al., 2019<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-shock-waves-and-initial-fracturing\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ondes de choc et fracturation initiale<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La d\u00e9tonation g\u00e9n\u00e8re une onde de choc \u00e0 haute pression qui se propage depuis le trou de mine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Imm\u00e9diatement autour de la charge, la pression peut d\u00e9passer la r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 la compression de la roche, cr\u00e9ant une zone d&#039;\u00e9crasement relativement petite. Au-del\u00e0 de cette zone, l&#039;onde de choc s&#039;affaiblit et se transforme en onde de contrainte qui se propage \u00e0 travers la masse rocheuse environnante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ces contraintes peuvent initier de nouvelles fractures, \u00e9tendre les fissures existantes et affaiblir la structure rocheuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L&#039;\u00e9tendue de la fracturation d\u00e9pend des caract\u00e9ristiques de l&#039;explosif, de la r\u00e9sistance et de la structure de la roche, et de la fa\u00e7on dont l&#039;\u00e9nergie se propage \u00e0 travers le mat\u00e9riau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-tensile-fracturing-and-free-faces\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Rupture par traction et faces libres<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bien que la roche puisse r\u00e9sister \u00e0 une contrainte de compression consid\u00e9rable, elle est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement beaucoup plus fragile sous tension.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lorsqu&#039;une onde de contrainte de compression atteint une face libre, telle que la paroi expos\u00e9e d&#039;une banquette de carri\u00e8re, une partie de l&#039;onde se r\u00e9fl\u00e9chit sous forme d&#039;une onde de traction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Si la contrainte de traction r\u00e9sultante d\u00e9passe la r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 la traction de la roche, des fractures peuvent se former.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ce m\u00e9canisme peut contribuer \u00e0 <em>\u00e9caillage<\/em>, l\u00e0 o\u00f9 des couches de roche se s\u00e9parent pr\u00e8s d&#039;une surface libre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les premiers travaux de recherche de Hino (1956) ont d\u00e9crit comment les ondes de contrainte r\u00e9fl\u00e9chies pouvaient contribuer \u00e0 la formation de couches successives de fractures. Ces travaux ont permis d&#039;\u00e9tablir une part importante de la compr\u00e9hension th\u00e9orique de la rupture explosive des roches.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cependant, la r\u00e9flexion des ondes de traction n&#039;est qu&#039;un des m\u00e9canismes impliqu\u00e9s dans le dynamitage. Les joints existants, les plans de stratification, l&#039;expansion des gaz et les mouvements de la roche jouent \u00e9galement un r\u00f4le important dans la fragmentation finale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-expanding-gases-and-rock-movement\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Expansion des gaz et mouvements des roches<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Suite \u00e0 la d\u00e9tonation, les gaz explosifs \u00e0 haute pression peuvent p\u00e9n\u00e9trer dans les fractures et les \u00e9largir davantage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00c0 mesure que ces fractures s&#039;\u00e9tendent, des portions de la masse rocheuse se s\u00e9parent et commencent \u00e0 se d\u00e9placer vers les faces libres disponibles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Des bris suppl\u00e9mentaires peuvent survenir lorsque les fragments de roche se plient, se s\u00e9parent, entrent en collision et interagissent avec les mat\u00e9riaux environnants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L&#039;action combin\u00e9e des ondes de choc, de la pression des gaz et des mouvements de la roche d\u00e9termine l&#039;efficacit\u00e9 avec laquelle la masse rocheuse se fragmente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>La distinction importante r\u00e9side dans le fait que le dynamitage doit accomplir deux choses\u00a0: fracturer la roche et fournir un mouvement suffisant pour que les fragments se s\u00e9parent.<\/strong> Une explosion peut g\u00e9n\u00e9rer d&#039;importantes fissures tout en donnant de mauvais r\u00e9sultats si la roche est trop confin\u00e9e pour se d\u00e9placer efficacement.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Aller \u00e0\u00a0:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size is-horizontal is-layout-flex wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">1. Comment le dynamitage brise la roche<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">2. Propri\u00e9t\u00e9s des roches et influences g\u00e9ologiques<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">3. Comprendre la g\u00e9om\u00e9trie des explosions<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">4. Distribution et confinement de l&#039;\u00e9nergie explosive<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">5. Comment une charge excessive affecte la fragmentation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">6. Pr\u00e9cision du forage et ex\u00e9cution du tir<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">7. Qu\u2019est-ce qui d\u00e9termine la r\u00e9ussite de la fragmentation par explosion\u00a0?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">8. Mesure et \u00e9valuation de la fragmentation par explosion<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">9. De la mesure de la fragmentation \u00e0 l&#039;optimisation du tir<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">Conclusion<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Articles connexes<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 id=\"h-2-rock-properties-and-geological-influences\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Propri\u00e9t\u00e9s des roches et influences g\u00e9ologiques<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les caract\u00e9ristiques de la masse rocheuse influencent fortement les performances du dynamitage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Deux tirs de mine utilisant des sch\u00e9mas de forage et des charges explosives similaires peuvent produire une fragmentation tr\u00e8s diff\u00e9rente lorsque les conditions g\u00e9ologiques changent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-rock-strength-and-density\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">R\u00e9sistance et densit\u00e9 des roches<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La r\u00e9sistance de la roche influence les contraintes n\u00e9cessaires pour amorcer et propager les fractures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Une roche plus r\u00e9sistante peut mieux r\u00e9sister \u00e0 la rupture, tandis que les diff\u00e9rences de densit\u00e9 et de propri\u00e9t\u00e9s \u00e9lastiques influent sur la fa\u00e7on dont les ondes de contrainte se propagent \u00e0 travers le mat\u00e9riau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ces propri\u00e9t\u00e9s doivent \u00eatre prises en compte parall\u00e8lement \u00e0 l&#039;\u00e9nergie explosive et \u00e0 la g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de l&#039;explosion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-joints-faults-and-bedding-planes\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Joints, failles et plans de stratification<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La plupart des massifs rocheux contiennent des discontinuit\u00e9s naturelles, notamment des joints, des failles, des fractures et des plans de stratification.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ces caract\u00e9ristiques influencent la fa\u00e7on dont la roche se brise car elles forment des limites ou des points faibles existants au sein du mat\u00e9riau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dans certains cas, les discontinuit\u00e9s facilitent la fragmentation en fournissant des surfaces le long desquelles la roche peut se s\u00e9parer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dans d&#039;autres cas, leur espacement, leur orientation ou leur \u00e9tat peuvent contribuer \u00e0 la formation de gros blocs, \u00e0 une fragmentation in\u00e9gale ou \u00e0 des mouvements de roche ind\u00e9sirables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Par exemple, des joints largement espac\u00e9s peuvent permettre \u00e0 de grandes sections de roche de rester intactes m\u00eame lorsque le mat\u00e9riau environnant se fracture plus largement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-geological-variability\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Variabilit\u00e9 g\u00e9ologique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les conditions g\u00e9ologiques sont rarement uniformes sur l&#039;ensemble d&#039;une zone explos\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les variations de r\u00e9sistance de la roche, d&#039;alt\u00e9ration, d&#039;espacement des joints et d&#039;orientation structurale peuvent produire des r\u00e9sultats de fragmentation diff\u00e9rents au sein d&#039;un m\u00eame sch\u00e9ma de forage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cette variabilit\u00e9 est importante pour \u00e9valuer l&#039;efficacit\u00e9 du dynamitage. Une zone contenant de gros fragments peut indiquer un probl\u00e8me de conception ou de forage, mais elle peut aussi refl\u00e9ter des diff\u00e9rences dans la nature m\u00eame de la roche.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Comprendre la nature du massif rocheux avant le dynamitage permet d&#039;\u00e9tablir des attentes r\u00e9alistes et fournit un contexte pr\u00e9cieux lors de l&#039;analyse des r\u00e9sultats.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-characterizing-rock-structure-with-wipjoint\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Caract\u00e9risation de la structure rocheuse avec WipJoint<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pour mieux comprendre les conditions g\u00e9ologiques avant le dynamitage, WipFrag inclut <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/wipjoint-guide\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"10940\">WipJoint<\/a><\/strong>, WipJoint est un outil permettant de caract\u00e9riser la structure rocheuse \u00e0 partir de photographies de parois rocheuses expos\u00e9es. Il mesure l&#039;orientation, l&#039;espacement et la persistance apparents des joints, ainsi que l&#039;indice de qualit\u00e9 de la roche (RQD) estim\u00e9 et la taille apparente des blocs in situ.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ces mesures permettent d&#039;identifier les variations de la structure rocheuse sur une banquette ou une excavation, fournissant ainsi un contexte pr\u00e9cieux pour l&#039;\u00e9valuation des performances de tir. En comparant les caract\u00e9ristiques de la roche avant le tir avec la fragmentation apr\u00e8s tir, les op\u00e9rations peuvent mieux distinguer l&#039;influence des conditions g\u00e9ologiques de celle de la conception et de l&#039;ex\u00e9cution du tir.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Aller \u00e0\u00a0:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size is-horizontal is-layout-flex wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">1. Comment le dynamitage brise la roche<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">2. Propri\u00e9t\u00e9s des roches et influences g\u00e9ologiques<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">3. Comprendre la g\u00e9om\u00e9trie des explosions<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">4. Distribution et confinement de l&#039;\u00e9nergie explosive<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">5. Comment une charge excessive affecte la fragmentation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">6. Pr\u00e9cision du forage et ex\u00e9cution du tir<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">7. Qu\u2019est-ce qui d\u00e9termine la r\u00e9ussite de la fragmentation par explosion\u00a0?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">8. Mesure et \u00e9valuation de la fragmentation par explosion<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">9. De la mesure de la fragmentation \u00e0 l&#039;optimisation du tir<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">Conclusion<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Articles connexes<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 id=\"h-3-understanding-blast-geometry\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Comprendre la g\u00e9om\u00e9trie des explosions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La g\u00e9om\u00e9trie des tirs de mine d\u00e9crit la fa\u00e7on dont les trous de mine sont positionn\u00e9s les uns par rapport aux autres, \u00e0 la masse rocheuse et aux faces libres disponibles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Plusieurs param\u00e8tres interagissent pour d\u00e9terminer l&#039;efficacit\u00e9 de la distribution de l&#039;\u00e9nergie explosive et la mani\u00e8re dont la roche peut se fracturer et se d\u00e9placer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1016\" height=\"622\" src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Blast-Bench-Diagram.png\" alt=\"Diagramme des variables de dynamitage de surface\" class=\"wp-image-11198\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Blast-Bench-Diagram.png 1016w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Blast-Bench-Diagram-300x184.png 300w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Blast-Bench-Diagram-768x470.png 768w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Blast-Bench-Diagram-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1016px) 100vw, 1016px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-burden-and-spacing\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Charge et espacement<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Fardeau<\/strong> est la distance entre un trou de mine et le front de taille effectif le plus proche, mesur\u00e9e dans la direction pr\u00e9vue du mouvement de la roche.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pour la premi\u00e8re rang\u00e9e d&#039;un gradin de mine, cela fait g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 la distance entre le trou de mine et la face du gradin expos\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pour les rang\u00e9es suivantes, la charge est associ\u00e9e \u00e0 la distance jusqu&#039;\u00e0 la rang\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente ou \u00e0 la face libre effective \u00e0 mesure que le tir progresse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Espacement<\/strong> est la distance entre deux trous de mine adjacents au sein d&#039;une m\u00eame rang\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ensemble, la charge et l&#039;espacement influencent le volume de roche attribu\u00e9 \u00e0 chaque trou de mine et la mani\u00e8re dont les effets des charges voisines interagissent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En cas de surcharge ou d&#039;espacement excessif, certaines sections de roche risquent de ne pas se fracturer ou de ne pas se d\u00e9placer comme pr\u00e9vu. En cas d&#039;insuffisance, des concentrations d&#039;\u00e9nergie ind\u00e9sirables ou des d\u00e9placements excessifs peuvent se produire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L&#039;objectif est d&#039;\u00e9tablir une relation appropri\u00e9e entre le volume de roche, l&#039;\u00e9nergie explosive, le relief disponible et la fragmentation souhait\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-bench-height\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hauteur du banc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La hauteur d&#039;un \u00e9tabli correspond \u00e0 la distance verticale entre les niveaux de travail sup\u00e9rieur et inf\u00e9rieur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Elle influence la g\u00e9om\u00e9trie du tir, la longueur des trous de mine et le mouvement des roches bris\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Une consid\u00e9ration g\u00e9om\u00e9trique couramment utilis\u00e9e est la <strong>rapport de rigidit\u00e9 de la charge<\/strong>, exprim\u00e9e en hauteur de banc divis\u00e9e par la charge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cette relation permet de d\u00e9crire les proportions d&#039;une banquette par rapport \u00e0 la masse rocheuse qui doit se d\u00e9placer vers la face libre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Des rapports de rigidit\u00e9 relativement faibles peuvent indiquer des conditions plus difficiles pour un mouvement et une fragmentation efficaces des roches, tandis que des rapports plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s peuvent offrir un relief plus favorable dans des conditions appropri\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cependant, ce ratio ne permet pas de pr\u00e9dire avec certitude la qualit\u00e9 de la fragmentation. Les conditions g\u00e9ologiques, la pr\u00e9cision du forage, la r\u00e9partition de l&#039;explosif et le moment de l&#039;amor\u00e7age restent des facteurs importants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-blasthole-diameter\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Diam\u00e8tre du trou de mine<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le diam\u00e8tre du trou de mine influence la quantit\u00e9 d&#039;explosif qui peut y \u00eatre plac\u00e9e et la mani\u00e8re dont cette \u00e9nergie est r\u00e9partie dans la roche environnante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les trous plus larges permettent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement d&#039;accueillir de plus grandes quantit\u00e9s d&#039;explosif par unit\u00e9 de longueur, mais cela ne produit pas automatiquement une meilleure fragmentation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le diam\u00e8tre du trou doit \u00eatre pris en compte en m\u00eame temps que la charge, l&#039;espacement, la hauteur du banc, les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s de la roche et les exigences de l&#039;op\u00e9ration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-subdrilling-and-toe-breakage\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sous-forage et rupture du pied<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">le <em>orteil<\/em> Il s&#039;agit de la roche situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s du bas d&#039;une banquette qu&#039;il faut casser pour atteindre le niveau d&#039;excavation pr\u00e9vu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dans certains plans de minage, les trous de mine s&#039;\u00e9tendent sous le niveau de la dalle d&#039;excavation pr\u00e9vue. Cette profondeur suppl\u00e9mentaire est appel\u00e9e <strong>forage de sous-sol<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Son but est de contribuer \u00e0 assurer une cassure ad\u00e9quate pr\u00e8s de la pointe du pied, l\u00e0 o\u00f9 le mouvement des rochers peut \u00eatre particuli\u00e8rement restreint.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un concassage insuffisant des gradins peut laisser des roches dures et intactes qui g\u00eanent l&#039;excavation et la pr\u00e9paration ult\u00e9rieure des banquettes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Toutefois, le degr\u00e9 de sous-forage appropri\u00e9 d\u00e9pend des conditions g\u00e9ologiques et de la conception globale du dynamitage. Un sous-forage excessif peut \u00e9galement engendrer des dommages ind\u00e9sirables sous le niveau d&#039;excavation pr\u00e9vu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de l&#039;explosion doit donc \u00eatre \u00e9valu\u00e9e comme un syst\u00e8me connect\u00e9 plut\u00f4t que comme un ensemble de mesures ind\u00e9pendantes.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Aller \u00e0\u00a0:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size is-horizontal is-layout-flex wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">1. Comment le dynamitage brise la roche<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">2. Propri\u00e9t\u00e9s des roches et influences g\u00e9ologiques<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">3. Comprendre la g\u00e9om\u00e9trie des explosions<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">4. Distribution et confinement de l&#039;\u00e9nergie explosive<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">5. Comment une charge excessive affecte la fragmentation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">6. Pr\u00e9cision du forage et ex\u00e9cution du tir<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">7. Qu\u2019est-ce qui d\u00e9termine la r\u00e9ussite de la fragmentation par explosion\u00a0?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">8. Mesure et \u00e9valuation de la fragmentation par explosion<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">9. De la mesure de la fragmentation \u00e0 l&#039;optimisation du tir<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">Conclusion<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Articles connexes<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 id=\"h-4-explosive-energy-distribution-and-confinement\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Distribution et confinement de l&#039;\u00e9nergie explosive<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La quantit\u00e9 d&#039;\u00e9nergie explosive utilis\u00e9e lors d&#039;un tir de mine est importante, mais sa r\u00e9partition au sein de la masse rocheuse l&#039;est tout autant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Une \u00e9nergie explosive plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e n&#039;entra\u00eene pas n\u00e9cessairement une meilleure fragmentation. L&#039;objectif est d&#039;appliquer l&#039;\u00e9nergie efficacement au mat\u00e9riau \u00e0 briser.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-explosive-characteristics\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Caract\u00e9ristiques explosives<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Diff\u00e9rents explosifs produisent diff\u00e9rents profils de pression, caract\u00e9ristiques de d\u00e9tonation et niveaux d&#039;\u00e9nergie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L&#039;interaction entre ces propri\u00e9t\u00e9s et la roche environnante influence le d\u00e9veloppement des fractures et le mouvement des roches.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le choix des explosifs appropri\u00e9s n\u00e9cessite de prendre en compte les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s de la roche, les conditions du trou de mine, la fragmentation souhait\u00e9e et la conception globale du tir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Une mesure de conception connexe est <strong>facteur de poudre<\/strong>, qui exprime la quantit\u00e9 d&#039;explosif par rapport \u00e0 la quantit\u00e9 de roche dynamit\u00e9e, g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement en masse ou en volume.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le facteur de poudre est utile pour comparer la consommation d&#039;explosifs, mais il ne d\u00e9crit pas l&#039;efficacit\u00e9 avec laquelle cette \u00e9nergie est distribu\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Deux explosions avec des facteurs de poudre similaires peuvent produire une fragmentation diff\u00e9rente en raison de diff\u00e9rences de g\u00e9om\u00e9trie, de g\u00e9ologie, de r\u00e9partition de la charge et d&#039;amor\u00e7age.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-charge-distribution\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">R\u00e9partition des frais<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La charge explosive peut ne pas \u00eatre r\u00e9partie uniform\u00e9ment sur toute la longueur d&#039;un trou de mine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Diff\u00e9rentes parties de la masse rocheuse peuvent pr\u00e9senter des exigences de fragmentation diff\u00e9rentes, notamment lorsque les conditions de confinement ou g\u00e9ologiques varient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La r\u00e9partition de l&#039;\u00e9nergie explosive le long du trou peut donc influencer la fragmentation \u00e0 diff\u00e9rentes altitudes au sein de la banquette.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un \u00e9l\u00e9ment important \u00e0 prendre en compte est la partie inf\u00e9rieure de la charge, souvent appel\u00e9e la <strong>charge inf\u00e9rieure<\/strong>, ce qui contribue \u00e0 la rupture des roches pr\u00e8s de l&#039;orteil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Une mauvaise r\u00e9partition de l&#039;\u00e9nergie pr\u00e8s du bas du banc peut contribuer \u00e0 une rupture insuffisante du pied, tandis qu&#039;une charge inappropri\u00e9e ailleurs peut produire une fragmentation ind\u00e9sirable ou un mouvement de roche.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L&#039;objectif est de r\u00e9partir l&#039;\u00e9nergie en fonction des exigences de la masse rocheuse et du plan de tir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-stemming-and-confinement\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Endigation et confinement<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le bourrage est le mat\u00e9riau inerte plac\u00e9 dans la partie sup\u00e9rieure d&#039;un trou de mine, au-dessus de la charge explosive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Son but est de contribuer \u00e0 confiner les gaz explosifs suffisamment longtemps pour que leur \u00e9nergie contribue \u00e0 la rupture et au mouvement des roches.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L&#039;efficacit\u00e9 du bourrage d\u00e9pend de ses propri\u00e9t\u00e9s, de son emplacement et des conditions d&#039;explosion environnantes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un confinement insuffisant peut permettre \u00e0 l&#039;\u00e9nergie de s&#039;\u00e9chapper pr\u00e9matur\u00e9ment, r\u00e9duisant potentiellement l&#039;\u00e9nergie disponible pour la fragmentation et contribuant \u00e0 des effets de souffle ind\u00e9sirables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le bourrage constitue donc un \u00e9l\u00e9ment important de la strat\u00e9gie globale de distribution et de confinement de l&#039;\u00e9nergie, et non pas simplement un mat\u00e9riau utilis\u00e9 pour boucher le haut d&#039;un trou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-initiation-timing-and-burden-relief\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Calendrier d&#039;initiation et all\u00e8gement de la charge<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La s\u00e9quence et le moment de la d\u00e9tonation influencent la mani\u00e8re dont les charges voisines interagissent et dont le mouvement des roches se d\u00e9veloppe pendant l&#039;explosion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lorsqu&#039;une rang\u00e9e de trous de mine explose, la roche environnante a besoin de temps pour r\u00e9agir et commencer \u00e0 se d\u00e9placer. Ce mouvement peut faciliter l&#039;explosion des rang\u00e9es suivantes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Si le d\u00e9gagement pr\u00e9vu ne s&#039;est pas suffisamment d\u00e9velopp\u00e9, les d\u00e9tonations ult\u00e9rieures pourraient rencontrer un confinement plus important que pr\u00e9vu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les recherches d&#039;Onederra et Esen (2003) ont examin\u00e9 cette relation en utilisant le concept de <em>temps de r\u00e9ponse minimum<\/em>: l&#039;intervalle entre la d\u00e9tonation et le d\u00e9but du mouvement significatif de la charge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ce concept illustre pourquoi le moment de l&#039;amor\u00e7age ne peut \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9 ind\u00e9pendamment de la charge, des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s de l&#039;explosif et de la r\u00e9action de la roche.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un s\u00e9quen\u00e7age efficace des tirs de mine favorise la progression pr\u00e9vue de la fragmentation et du mouvement des roches, contribuant ainsi \u00e0 une fragmentation plus homog\u00e8ne.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Aller \u00e0\u00a0:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size is-horizontal is-layout-flex wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">1. Comment le dynamitage brise la roche<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">2. Propri\u00e9t\u00e9s des roches et influences g\u00e9ologiques<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">3. Comprendre la g\u00e9om\u00e9trie des explosions<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">4. Distribution et confinement de l&#039;\u00e9nergie explosive<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">5. Comment une charge excessive affecte la fragmentation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">6. Pr\u00e9cision du forage et ex\u00e9cution du tir<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">7. Qu\u2019est-ce qui d\u00e9termine la r\u00e9ussite de la fragmentation par explosion\u00a0?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">8. Mesure et \u00e9valuation de la fragmentation par explosion<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">9. De la mesure de la fragmentation \u00e0 l&#039;optimisation du tir<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">Conclusion<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Articles connexes<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 id=\"h-5-how-excessive-burden-affects-fragmentation\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Comment une charge excessive affecte la fragmentation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le poids de la roche est l&#039;un des facteurs g\u00e9om\u00e9triques les plus influents dans le dynamitage de gradins, car il affecte \u00e0 la fois la r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 la rupture de la roche et le mouvement n\u00e9cessaire pour s\u00e9parer les fragments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>On parle de surcharge excessive lorsque la masse rocheuse affect\u00e9e \u00e0 un trou de mine pr\u00e9sente une r\u00e9sistance trop importante pour que l&#039;\u00e9nergie explosive disponible et les conditions de tir produisent le r\u00e9sultat escompt\u00e9.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cela peut refl\u00e9ter une conception initiale inadapt\u00e9e ou des diff\u00e9rences entre la g\u00e9om\u00e9trie pr\u00e9vue et la g\u00e9om\u00e9trie r\u00e9elle du trou de mine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-incomplete-fragmentation-and-oversize\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Fragmentation incompl\u00e8te et surdimensionn\u00e9e<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En cas de charge excessive, la roche risque de ne pas se fracturer et de ne pas se s\u00e9parer comme pr\u00e9vu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">De gros fragments, des plaques ou des sections partiellement bris\u00e9es peuvent subsister, produisant une distribution granulom\u00e9trique plus grossi\u00e8re que pr\u00e9vu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ces fragments surdimensionn\u00e9s peuvent n\u00e9cessiter un concassage secondaire ou cr\u00e9er des probl\u00e8mes lors de l&#039;excavation, du transport et du broyage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-restricted-rock-movement\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mouvements rocheux restreints<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le dynamitage n\u00e9cessite un espace suffisant pour que les roches bris\u00e9es puissent se d\u00e9placer et se s\u00e9parer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Une charge excessive peut restreindre ce mouvement, cr\u00e9ant des amas de d\u00e9blais tr\u00e8s compacts ou emp\u00eachant certaines sections de roche d&#039;obtenir le relief souhait\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les restrictions de mouvement peuvent \u00e9galement affecter les rang\u00e9es suivantes dans l&#039;explosion en limitant le nombre de faces libres qui leur sont accessibles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-ground-vibration-and-other-blast-effects\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vibrations du sol et autres effets de l&#039;explosion<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lorsque le mouvement des roches est limit\u00e9, une partie de l&#039;\u00e9nergie explosive peut \u00eatre transmise au sol environnant au lieu de contribuer efficacement \u00e0 la fragmentation et au d\u00e9placement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dans certaines conditions, cela peut contribuer \u00e0 une augmentation des vibrations du sol.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cependant, les vibrations, les projections de roches et la surpression d&#039;air sont influenc\u00e9es par de multiples variables interagissant entre elles. Une charge excessive ne saurait \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme la seule explication de ces effets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-downstream-handling-and-processing\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Traitement et manutention en aval<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Une mauvaise fragmentation peut engendrer des co\u00fbts qui vont au-del\u00e0 de l&#039;explosion elle-m\u00eame.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les mat\u00e9riaux surdimensionn\u00e9s peuvent r\u00e9duire l&#039;efficacit\u00e9 de l&#039;excavation, interrompre l&#039;alimentation du concasseur ou n\u00e9cessiter une manutention suppl\u00e9mentaire avant d&#039;entrer dans le circuit de traitement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u00eame lorsque le mat\u00e9riau peut \u00eatre trait\u00e9, une granulom\u00e9trie d&#039;alimentation irr\u00e9guli\u00e8re peut engendrer des variations dans les performances de l&#039;\u00e9quipement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L&#039;importance de la charge s&#039;\u00e9tend donc au-del\u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de forage et de dynamitage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-what-happens-when-burden-is-too-small\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Que se passe-t-il lorsque la charge est trop faible\u00a0?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Une charge insuffisante engendre un autre ensemble de d\u00e9fis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lorsque la quantit\u00e9 de roche s\u00e9parant un trou de mine du front de taille est insuffisante, des mouvements excessifs ou incontr\u00f4l\u00e9s peuvent se produire, en fonction des autres conditions de tir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cela peut contribuer \u00e0 la projection de roches, au surcassage ou \u00e0 une fragmentation ind\u00e9sirable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L&#039;objectif n&#039;est pas de minimiser la charge, mais d&#039;\u00e9tablir une relation appropri\u00e9e entre la charge, l&#039;\u00e9nergie explosive, les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s de la roche et le r\u00e9sultat escompt\u00e9 du tir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-research-burden-and-fragment-size\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Recherche : Fardeau et taille des fragments<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Prasad, Choudhary et Mishra (2017) ont examin\u00e9 l\u2019influence des param\u00e8tres de conception des tirs de mine sur la fragmentation lors d\u2019une op\u00e9ration mini\u00e8re \u00e0 ciel ouvert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Leurs recherches ont pris en compte des facteurs tels que la charge, le bourrage et le facteur poudre, en utilisant des tailles de fragments mesur\u00e9es pour \u00e9valuer les performances de dynamitage r\u00e9sultantes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ces observations illustrent comment des modifications de la g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de l&#039;explosion et de la charge explosive peuvent \u00eatre associ\u00e9es \u00e0 des modifications de la fragmentation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La discussion originale sur WipWare a mis en \u00e9vidence des r\u00e9sultats sugg\u00e9rant que des distances de charge plus importantes \u00e9taient associ\u00e9es \u00e0 une fragmentation plus grossi\u00e8re dans les conditions examin\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Toutefois, cette relation ne doit pas \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme une r\u00e8gle universelle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L&#039;effet du chargement d\u00e9pend de la conception du tir de mine et des conditions g\u00e9ologiques environnantes. Une modification qui produit une fragmentation plus grossi\u00e8re lors d&#039;une op\u00e9ration peut donner un r\u00e9sultat diff\u00e9rent ailleurs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u2019est pourquoi les mesures de fragmentation et les enregistrements r\u00e9els des explosions constituent une base plus utile pour \u00e9valuer la charge que de se fier uniquement \u00e0 des ratios de conception g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Aller \u00e0\u00a0:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size is-horizontal is-layout-flex wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">1. Comment le dynamitage brise la roche<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">2. Propri\u00e9t\u00e9s des roches et influences g\u00e9ologiques<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">3. Comprendre la g\u00e9om\u00e9trie des explosions<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">4. Distribution et confinement de l&#039;\u00e9nergie explosive<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">5. Comment une charge excessive affecte la fragmentation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">6. Pr\u00e9cision du forage et ex\u00e9cution du tir<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">7. Qu\u2019est-ce qui d\u00e9termine la r\u00e9ussite de la fragmentation par explosion\u00a0?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">8. Mesure et \u00e9valuation de la fragmentation par explosion<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">9. De la mesure de la fragmentation \u00e0 l&#039;optimisation du tir<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">Conclusion<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Articles connexes<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 id=\"h-6-drilling-accuracy-and-blast-execution\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. Pr\u00e9cision du forage et ex\u00e9cution du tir<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u00eame un tir de mine bien con\u00e7u peut produire une fragmentation irr\u00e9guli\u00e8re si les trous de mine ne sont pas for\u00e9s selon le sch\u00e9ma pr\u00e9vu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>d\u00e9viation de forage<\/strong> d\u00e9crit les diff\u00e9rences entre la position, la direction ou la trajectoire pr\u00e9vue et r\u00e9elle d&#039;un trou de mine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ces diff\u00e9rences peuvent modifier la charge, l&#039;espacement et la r\u00e9partition de l&#039;\u00e9nergie explosive dans toute la masse rocheuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"550\" src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Blast-2-3D-1024x550.jpg\" alt=\"Vue d&#039;ensemble du dynamitage montrant les trous de forage\" class=\"wp-image-7894\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Blast-2-3D-1024x550.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Blast-2-3D-300x161.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Blast-2-3D-768x413.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Blast-2-3D-1536x826.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Blast-2-3D-18x10.jpg 18w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Blast-2-3D-rotated.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-how-drilling-deviation-changes-blast-geometry\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Comment la d\u00e9viation du forage modifie la g\u00e9om\u00e9trie du tir<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un trou de mine qui s&#039;\u00e9carte d&#039;une face libre peut cr\u00e9er une charge plus importante en profondeur que pr\u00e9vu dans la conception originale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00c0 l&#039;inverse, un trou d\u00e9vi\u00e9 vers la face libre peut r\u00e9duire la charge effective.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Des changements similaires peuvent se produire dans l&#039;espacement entre les trous de mine voisins.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cela signifie qu&#039;un sch\u00e9ma de per\u00e7age qui semble correct en surface peut pr\u00e9senter des variations g\u00e9om\u00e9triques importantes plus profond\u00e9ment dans les trous.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Certaines zones peuvent par cons\u00e9quent recevoir une \u00e9nergie moins efficace par rapport \u00e0 la roche en cours de fracture, tandis que d&#039;autres peuvent subir des concentrations ind\u00e9sirables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La fragmentation qui en r\u00e9sulte peut devenir irr\u00e9guli\u00e8re au niveau de l&#039;explosion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-common-sources-of-drilling-inaccuracy\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sources courantes d&#039;impr\u00e9cision de forage<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Plusieurs facteurs peuvent contribuer aux diff\u00e9rences entre la g\u00e9om\u00e9trie pr\u00e9vue et la g\u00e9om\u00e9trie r\u00e9elle du trou de mine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le positionnement de l&#039;\u00e9quipement, l&#039;alignement de la foreuse, les conditions de forage, la structure g\u00e9ologique et les performances de l&#039;\u00e9quipement peuvent tous influencer la trajectoire finale du forage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les pratiques de l&#039;op\u00e9rateur et la pr\u00e9cision du plan de forage initial sont \u00e9galement importantes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les cons\u00e9quences peuvent \u00eatre particuli\u00e8rement importantes dans les trous de mine plus profonds, o\u00f9 de petits changements de direction peuvent entra\u00eener des diff\u00e9rences de position plus importantes pr\u00e8s du pied du trou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-evaluating-drilling-accuracy\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00c9valuation de la pr\u00e9cision du forage<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La pr\u00e9cision du forage peut \u00eatre \u00e9valu\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 plusieurs mesures compl\u00e9mentaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Position du collier<\/strong> identifie les diff\u00e9rences entre l&#039;emplacement de d\u00e9part pr\u00e9vu et l&#039;emplacement de d\u00e9part r\u00e9el d&#039;un trou de mine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Angle et trajectoire du trou<\/strong> D\u00e9crivez la direction et la trajectoire du forage. Un forage peut commencer dans la bonne position, mais d\u00e9vier progressivement au fur et \u00e0 mesure de son avancement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Position des orteils<\/strong> Permet de d\u00e9terminer l&#039;emplacement de l&#039;extr\u00e9mit\u00e9 du trou par rapport \u00e0 sa position pr\u00e9vue. Ceci est particuli\u00e8rement utile pour \u00e9valuer la charge et l&#039;espacement pr\u00e8s du bas du banc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Longueur du trou<\/strong> Elle fournit des informations sur la profondeur de forage, mais une diff\u00e9rence de longueur n&#039;indique pas n\u00e9cessairement une d\u00e9viation lat\u00e9rale. Un trou peut atteindre la profondeur correcte tout en suivant une trajectoire incorrecte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le cas \u00e9ch\u00e9ant, les lev\u00e9s topographiques et les rapports de forage permettent d&#039;\u00e9tablir la g\u00e9om\u00e9trie r\u00e9elle du tir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La comparaison de ces informations avec la fragmentation mesur\u00e9e peut r\u00e9v\u00e9ler des relations entre l&#039;ex\u00e9cution du forage et les performances du tir de mine.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Aller \u00e0\u00a0:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size is-horizontal is-layout-flex wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">1. Comment le dynamitage brise la roche<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">2. Propri\u00e9t\u00e9s des roches et influences g\u00e9ologiques<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">3. Comprendre la g\u00e9om\u00e9trie des explosions<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">4. Distribution et confinement de l&#039;\u00e9nergie explosive<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">5. Comment une charge excessive affecte la fragmentation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">6. Pr\u00e9cision du forage et ex\u00e9cution du tir<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">7. Qu\u2019est-ce qui d\u00e9termine la r\u00e9ussite de la fragmentation par explosion\u00a0?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">8. Mesure et \u00e9valuation de la fragmentation par explosion<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">9. De la mesure de la fragmentation \u00e0 l&#039;optimisation du tir<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">Conclusion<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Articles connexes<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 id=\"h-7-what-determines-successful-blast-fragmentation\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. Qu\u2019est-ce qui d\u00e9termine la r\u00e9ussite de la fragmentation par explosion\u00a0?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L&#039;objectif de l&#039;optimisation du dynamitage n&#039;est pas simplement de produire des fragments plus petits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La granulom\u00e9trie souhait\u00e9e d\u00e9pend de la mani\u00e8re dont le mat\u00e9riau sera extrait, transport\u00e9, concass\u00e9 et trait\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-oversize-material\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mati\u00e8re surdimensionn\u00e9e<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les fragments de taille excessive peuvent cr\u00e9er des difficult\u00e9s lors du chargement et du transport et peuvent d\u00e9passer la taille d&#039;alimentation acceptable des \u00e9quipements en aval.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Selon l&#039;op\u00e9ration, les mat\u00e9riaux hors gabarit peuvent n\u00e9cessiter une manutention suppl\u00e9mentaire, un concassage secondaire ou des ajustements du processus de manutention.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-excessive-fines\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Amendes excessives<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Une fragmentation tr\u00e8s fine n&#039;est pas toujours souhaitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bien que les particules plus petites puissent r\u00e9duire certains besoins en broyage en aval, une quantit\u00e9 excessive de fines peut contribuer \u00e0 la formation de poussi\u00e8re, \u00e0 des difficult\u00e9s de manutention des mat\u00e9riaux ou \u00e0 des caract\u00e9ristiques d&#039;alimentation ind\u00e9sirables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L&#039;impact d\u00e9pend du type de mat\u00e9riau et d&#039;\u00e9quipement de traitement utilis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-fragmentation-consistency\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Coh\u00e9rence de la fragmentation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Deux explosions peuvent produire des fragments de taille moyenne similaire, mais pr\u00e9senter des distributions granulom\u00e9triques tr\u00e8s diff\u00e9rentes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L&#039;un peut contenir une gamme relativement homog\u00e8ne de fragments, tandis qu&#039;un autre peut contenir un m\u00e9lange de fines particules en exc\u00e8s et de gros blocs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les deux syst\u00e8mes pourraient afficher des valeurs similaires pour une mesure de taille individuelle, tout en ayant des performances diff\u00e9rentes lors du chargement et du traitement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u2019est pourquoi l\u2019\u00e9valuation des risques de souffle doit prendre en compte la distribution granulom\u00e9trique globale et les portions de cette distribution qui sont importantes pour l\u2019op\u00e9ration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L&#039;importance de la fragmentation d\u00e9passe le cadre du tir de mine lui-m\u00eame. La granulom\u00e9trie influe sur le chargement, le transport, le concassage, le broyage et la r\u00e9gularit\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations en aval. Comprendre ces interactions permet de d\u00e9finir des objectifs de fragmentation pertinents et d&#039;aligner les performances du tir de mine sur les objectifs op\u00e9rationnels globaux.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Explorer <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/evaluating-rock-comminution-from-pre-blast-to-post-blast-and-through-mineral-processing\/\"><strong>Du dynamitage au broyage : utiliser les donn\u00e9es de fragmentation pour am\u00e9liorer les performances mini\u00e8res<\/strong><\/a> pour apprendre comment les mesures de particules peuvent faciliter les d\u00e9cisions tout au long du cycle d&#039;extraction et de traitement.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Aller \u00e0\u00a0:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size is-horizontal is-layout-flex wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">1. Comment le dynamitage brise la roche<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">2. Propri\u00e9t\u00e9s des roches et influences g\u00e9ologiques<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">3. Comprendre la g\u00e9om\u00e9trie des explosions<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">4. Distribution et confinement de l&#039;\u00e9nergie explosive<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">5. Comment une charge excessive affecte la fragmentation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">6. Pr\u00e9cision du forage et ex\u00e9cution du tir<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">7. Qu\u2019est-ce qui d\u00e9termine la r\u00e9ussite de la fragmentation par explosion\u00a0?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">8. Mesure et \u00e9valuation de la fragmentation par explosion<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">9. De la mesure de la fragmentation \u00e0 l&#039;optimisation du tir<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">Conclusion<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Articles connexes<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 id=\"h-8-measuring-and-evaluating-blast-fragmentation\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">8. Mesure et \u00e9valuation de la fragmentation par explosion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En l&#039;absence de mesures, l&#039;\u00e9valuation des performances de dynamitage repose largement sur l&#039;observation visuelle et l&#039;exp\u00e9rience de l&#039;op\u00e9rateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ces observations restent pr\u00e9cieuses, mais les mesures quantitatives de fragmentation permettent des comparaisons plus coh\u00e9rentes entre les explosions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-understanding-particle-size-distribution\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Comprendre la distribution granulom\u00e9trique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La distribution granulom\u00e9trique (PSD) d\u00e9crit les proportions relatives des diff\u00e9rentes tailles de particules au sein d&#039;un \u00e9chantillon de mat\u00e9riau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La PSD est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e sous forme de courbe cumulative de pourcentage de passage, montrant le pourcentage de mat\u00e9riau plus petit que chaque taille de particule.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Une mesure fr\u00e9quemment utilis\u00e9e est <strong>P80<\/strong>, la taille des particules \u00e0 laquelle 80% du mat\u00e9riau passe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le P80 peut aider \u00e0 \u00e9valuer la fragmentation contre une cible ou \u00e0 comparer les r\u00e9sultats entre les explosions, mais il ne peut pas d\u00e9crire \u00e0 lui seul la distribution compl\u00e8te.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D&#039;autres mesures, notamment P50, P95 et les pourcentages de mati\u00e8re dans des plages de tailles particuli\u00e8res, peuvent \u00e9galement \u00eatre importantes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Par exemple, une exploitation soucieuse des blocages du concasseur primaire peut mettre l&#039;accent sur la partie surdimensionn\u00e9e de la distribution, tandis qu&#039;une autre exploitation peut se concentrer sur le contr\u00f4le de la quantit\u00e9 de mat\u00e9riau dans une plage d&#039;alimentation sp\u00e9cifi\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-fragmentation-measurement-with-wipfrag\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mesure de la fragmentation avec WipFrag<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/products\/wipfrag\/\" data-type=\"products\" data-id=\"36\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">WipFrag<\/a><\/strong> mesure la fragmentation \u00e0 partir de photographies de roches expos\u00e9es, convertissant les limites visibles des particules en donn\u00e9es quantitatives sur la distribution granulom\u00e9trique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les images peuvent \u00eatre collect\u00e9es au niveau du sol, sous terre, \u00e0 partir d&#039;\u00e9chantillons de laboratoire ou \u00e0 l&#039;aide de v\u00e9hicules a\u00e9riens sans pilote (UAV).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">WipFrag permet aux utilisateurs de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des courbes PSD, d&#039;\u00e9valuer les plages de tailles de particules, de comparer les r\u00e9sultats aux enveloppes de sp\u00e9cifications et de combiner plusieurs analyses d&#039;images dans un programme d&#039;\u00e9chantillonnage plus vaste.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l&#039;imagerie UAV appropri\u00e9e, la fragmentation peut \u00e9galement \u00eatre \u00e9valu\u00e9e spatialement dans une zone d&#039;explosion, permettant d&#039;identifier les diff\u00e9rences entre les r\u00e9gions relativement grossi\u00e8res et fines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-2 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"835\" height=\"829\" data-id=\"11028\" src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-UAV-GIS-Heatmap.png\" alt=\"Capture d&#039;\u00e9cran de la fonctionnalit\u00e9 SIG de WipFrag montrant la carte thermique d&#039;une analyse d&#039;image orthomosa\u00efque prise par drone.\" class=\"wp-image-11028\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-UAV-GIS-Heatmap.png 835w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-UAV-GIS-Heatmap-300x298.png 300w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-UAV-GIS-Heatmap-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-UAV-GIS-Heatmap-768x762.png 768w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-UAV-GIS-Heatmap-12x12.png 12w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-UAV-GIS-Heatmap-75x75.png 75w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 835px) 100vw, 835px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1386\" height=\"726\" data-id=\"11015\" src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Chart-Passing-Retained.png\" alt=\"R\u00e9sultats du graphique WipFrag affichant le pourcentage de r\u00e9ussite et le pourcentage de r\u00e9tention.\" class=\"wp-image-11015\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Chart-Passing-Retained.png 1386w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Chart-Passing-Retained-300x157.png 300w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Chart-Passing-Retained-1024x536.png 1024w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Chart-Passing-Retained-768x402.png 768w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Chart-Passing-Retained-18x9.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1386px) 100vw, 1386px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ces mesures facilitent la comparaison de la fragmentation observ\u00e9e avec les objectifs op\u00e9rationnels et les r\u00e9sultats d&#039;explosions pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cependant, l&#039;analyse photographique pr\u00e9sente d&#039;importantes limites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>WipFrag mesure la mati\u00e8re visible sur les images.<\/strong> Les particules enfouies et les fines particules masqu\u00e9es sous des fragments plus gros ne peuvent pas \u00eatre mesur\u00e9es directement, et la plus petite particule discernable d\u00e9pend de la qualit\u00e9 et de la r\u00e9solution de l&#039;image.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un programme d&#039;\u00e9chantillonnage repr\u00e9sentatif est donc essentiel, notamment lors de l&#039;\u00e9valuation de grands tas de d\u00e9blais ou de quantit\u00e9s variables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pour plus d&#039;informations, consultez le <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/wipfrag-image-capture-and-sampling-guide\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"10311\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Guide de capture et d&#039;\u00e9chantillonnage d&#039;images WipFrag<\/strong><\/a> et <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/wipfrag-results-interpretation-guide\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"10998\">Guide d&#039;interpr\u00e9tation des r\u00e9sultats WipFrag<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-can-fragmentation-analysis-identify-blast-design-problems\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">L&#039;analyse de la fragmentation peut-elle identifier les probl\u00e8mes de conception des tirs de mine\u00a0?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les mesures de fragmentation peuvent aider \u00e0 identifier des r\u00e9sultats inattendus et des domaines qui justifient des investigations plus approfondies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Par exemple, une fragmentation grossi\u00e8re et constante peut indiquer qu&#039;il convient de revoir la charge, l&#039;espacement, la pr\u00e9cision du forage, les conditions g\u00e9ologiques ou la distribution des explosifs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">De m\u00eame, une carte de fragmentation spatiale peut r\u00e9v\u00e9ler des variations au sein d&#039;un tas de d\u00e9blais qui n&#039;\u00e9taient pas apparentes sur une courbe PSD globale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cependant, <strong>Les mesures de fragmentation d\u00e9crivent le r\u00e9sultat, pas n\u00e9cessairement sa cause.<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La pr\u00e9sence de mat\u00e9riaux surdimensionn\u00e9s ne prouve pas \u00e0 elle seule une charge excessive, et les variations de la densit\u00e9 spectrale de puissance ne permettent pas d&#039;\u00e9tablir ind\u00e9pendamment que le r\u00e9sultat est d\u00fb \u00e0 un \u00e9cart de forage ou \u00e0 un probl\u00e8me de synchronisation du forage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Une \u00e9valuation plus compl\u00e8te n\u00e9cessite de comparer les mesures de fragmentation avec la conception du tir de mine correspondant, les rapports de forage, les informations sur le chargement des explosifs et les conditions g\u00e9ologiques.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Aller \u00e0\u00a0:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size is-horizontal is-layout-flex wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">1. Comment le dynamitage brise la roche<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">2. Propri\u00e9t\u00e9s des roches et influences g\u00e9ologiques<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">3. Comprendre la g\u00e9om\u00e9trie des explosions<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">4. Distribution et confinement de l&#039;\u00e9nergie explosive<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">5. Comment une charge excessive affecte la fragmentation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">6. Pr\u00e9cision du forage et ex\u00e9cution du tir<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">7. Qu\u2019est-ce qui d\u00e9termine la r\u00e9ussite de la fragmentation par explosion\u00a0?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">8. Mesure et \u00e9valuation de la fragmentation par explosion<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">9. De la mesure de la fragmentation \u00e0 l&#039;optimisation du tir<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">Conclusion<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Articles connexes<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 id=\"h-9-from-fragmentation-measurement-to-blast-optimization\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">9. De la mesure de la fragmentation \u00e0 l&#039;optimisation du tir<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L&#039;am\u00e9lioration des performances de dynamitage n\u00e9cessite une relation coh\u00e9rente entre le r\u00e9sultat escompt\u00e9, la fragmentation r\u00e9elle et les conditions qui l&#039;ont produit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Une approche pratique commence par la d\u00e9finition des exigences de fragmentation des op\u00e9rations en aval.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ces exigences d\u00e9finissent les tailles de particules et les caract\u00e9ristiques de distribution qui importent le plus pour le site.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Apr\u00e8s chaque explosion, des mesures de fragmentation repr\u00e9sentatives peuvent \u00eatre collect\u00e9es et compar\u00e9es \u00e0 ces cibles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lorsque les r\u00e9sultats diff\u00e8rent des attentes, les ing\u00e9nieurs peuvent examiner les dossiers de conception et d&#039;ex\u00e9cution correspondants afin d&#039;identifier les facteurs contributifs possibles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Par exemple, si une zone de tir produit de mani\u00e8re r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9e des fragments plus gros que les zones environnantes, l&#039;op\u00e9ration peut comparer cette r\u00e9gion avec les donn\u00e9es de forage, les distances r\u00e9elles de la charge et les observations g\u00e9ologiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Si les \u00e9l\u00e9ments de preuve sugg\u00e8rent qu&#039;une condition particuli\u00e8re contribue au probl\u00e8me, l&#039;op\u00e9ration peut \u00e9valuer les ajustements appropri\u00e9s gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 son processus de conception de tirs de mines \u00e9tabli.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les mesures de fragmentation ult\u00e9rieures permettent ensuite de v\u00e9rifier si les modifications ont produit le r\u00e9sultat escompt\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-using-blastcast-to-evaluate-potential-changes\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Utilisation de BlastCast pour \u00e9valuer les changements potentiels<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">WipFrag inclut \u00e9galement <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/blastcast-guide\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"\/kb\/blastcast-guide\/\">BlastCast<\/a><\/strong>, un outil permettant de comparer la fragmentation mesur\u00e9e avec les r\u00e9sultats de simulation d&#039;explosion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">BlastCast utilise les param\u00e8tres de conception du tir et les caract\u00e9ristiques de l&#039;explosif pour g\u00e9n\u00e9rer une distribution granulom\u00e9trique pr\u00e9visionnelle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En calibrant le facteur de roche du mod\u00e8le par rapport \u00e0 la fragmentation mesur\u00e9e lors d&#039;un tir de mine termin\u00e9, les utilisateurs peuvent \u00e9tablir une base de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence pour \u00e9valuer les modifications apport\u00e9es aux param\u00e8tres de conception s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le maintien de conditions rocheuses calibr\u00e9es constantes permet de comparer diff\u00e9rents sc\u00e9narios, aidant ainsi \u00e0 illustrer comment les changements dans la g\u00e9om\u00e9trie du tir ou d&#039;autres entr\u00e9es peuvent influencer la PSD pr\u00e9vue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ces pr\u00e9visions sont utiles pour explorer les possibilit\u00e9s, mais elles ne sauraient se substituer \u00e0 une conception de tir qualifi\u00e9e ou \u00e0 des mesures de performance r\u00e9elles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les r\u00e9sultats des tirs suivants doivent \u00eatre mesur\u00e9s et compar\u00e9s aux pr\u00e9visions afin d&#039;\u00e9valuer dans quelle mesure le mod\u00e8le repr\u00e9sente les conditions de l&#039;op\u00e9ration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-building-a-consistent-improvement-process\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00c9laboration d&#039;un processus d&#039;am\u00e9lioration continu<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Au fil du temps, un programme de mesure structur\u00e9 peut aider \u00e0 distinguer les r\u00e9sultats isol\u00e9s des sch\u00e9mas de performance r\u00e9currents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La valeur ajout\u00e9e r\u00e9side dans le maintien d&#039;une relation coh\u00e9rente entre les enregistrements d&#039;explosions et les mesures de fragmentation qui en r\u00e9sultent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lorsque ces donn\u00e9es sont analys\u00e9es conjointement, les op\u00e9rations peuvent mieux comprendre quelles conditions sont associ\u00e9es \u00e0 une fragmentation souhaitable et o\u00f9 des investigations suppl\u00e9mentaires pourraient s&#039;av\u00e9rer utiles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u2019objectif n\u2019est pas d\u2019optimiser une mesure isol\u00e9ment, mais de parvenir \u00e0 une fragmentation qui r\u00e9ponde aux exigences de performance de l\u2019ensemble de l\u2019op\u00e9ration.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Aller \u00e0\u00a0:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size is-horizontal is-layout-flex wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">1. Comment le dynamitage brise la roche<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">2. Propri\u00e9t\u00e9s des roches et influences g\u00e9ologiques<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">3. Comprendre la g\u00e9om\u00e9trie des explosions<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">4. Distribution et confinement de l&#039;\u00e9nergie explosive<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">5. Comment une charge excessive affecte la fragmentation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">6. Pr\u00e9cision du forage et ex\u00e9cution du tir<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">7. Qu\u2019est-ce qui d\u00e9termine la r\u00e9ussite de la fragmentation par explosion\u00a0?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">8. Mesure et \u00e9valuation de la fragmentation par explosion<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">9. De la mesure de la fragmentation \u00e0 l&#039;optimisation du tir<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">Conclusion<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Articles connexes<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 id=\"h-conclusion\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le dynamitage des roches est r\u00e9gi par l&#039;interaction de l&#039;\u00e9nergie explosive, des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s de la roche, de la g\u00e9om\u00e9trie du tir, de la pr\u00e9cision du forage et du mouvement de la roche.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La charge rocheuse, l&#039;espacement, la hauteur des gradins, la r\u00e9partition des explosifs, le bourrage et le moment de l&#039;amor\u00e7age influencent tous la fracturation et la s\u00e9paration de la roche. La variabilit\u00e9 g\u00e9ologique et les \u00e9carts de forage ajoutent une complexit\u00e9 suppl\u00e9mentaire, ce qui signifie que m\u00eame des plans de tir similaires peuvent produire des r\u00e9sultats diff\u00e9rents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Une fragmentation efficace ne se r\u00e9sume donc pas \u00e0 appliquer plus d&#039;\u00e9nergie ou \u00e0 produire des particules plus petites. Elle n\u00e9cessite de comprendre la r\u00e9action de la roche et d&#039;obtenir une granulom\u00e9trie adapt\u00e9e \u00e0 l&#039;op\u00e9ration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En combinant les pratiques de dynamitage sonore avec des mesures de fragmentation repr\u00e9sentatives, les op\u00e9rations mini\u00e8res et d&#039;extraction de pierres peuvent \u00e9valuer les r\u00e9sultats de mani\u00e8re plus coh\u00e9rente, identifier les possibilit\u00e9s d&#039;am\u00e9lioration et prendre des d\u00e9cisions mieux \u00e9clair\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Parce qu&#039;on ne peut g\u00e9rer ce qu&#039;on ne peut mesurer<\/strong>!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-references\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Hino, K. (1956). <em>Fragmentation de la roche par dynamitage et th\u00e9orie des ondes de choc du dynamitage.<\/em> Symposium ARMA US sur la m\u00e9canique des roches\/g\u00e9om\u00e9canique.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bhandari, S. (1979). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0094-5765(79)90104-8\">Sur le r\u00f4le des ondes de contrainte et de la pression quasi-statique des gaz dans la fragmentation des roches par dynamitage<\/a>. <em>Acta Astronautica<\/em>, 6(3\u20134), 365\u2013383.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Blair, DP et Armstrong, LW (2001). <em>L&#039;influence de la charge sur les vibrations du souffle.<\/em> <em>Fragblast<\/em>, 5(1\u20132), 108\u2013129.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Onederra, I. et Esen, S. (2003). <em>S\u00e9lection du calendrier entre les trous et entre les rang\u00e9es pour le dynamitage de surface\u00a0\u2014 Une approche bas\u00e9e sur l\u2019analyse du d\u00e9blaiement.<\/em> Actes de la 2e Conf\u00e9rence mondiale sur les explosifs et les techniques de dynamitage.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Prasad, S., Choudhary, BS et Mishra, AK (2017). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1757-899X\/225\/1\/012191\">Effet du rapport bourrage\/charge et du facteur de poudre sur la fragmentation des roches induite par le dynamitage \u2014 Une \u00e9tude de cas<\/a>. <em>S\u00e9rie de conf\u00e9rences IOP\u00a0: Science et ing\u00e9nierie des mat\u00e9riaux<\/em>, 225, 012191.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Manzoor, S., et al. (2022). <em>Pr\u00e9diction de la fragmentation des roches \u00e0 partir de la surveillance des forages : une \u00e9tude de cas de la mine de Malmberget, en Su\u00e8de.<\/em> <em>Journal de l&#039;Institut sud-africain des mines et de la m\u00e9tallurgie<\/em>, 122(3), 155\u2013165.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large has-small-font-size is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Aller \u00e0\u00a0:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size is-horizontal is-layout-flex wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">1. Comment le dynamitage brise la roche<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">2. Propri\u00e9t\u00e9s des roches et influences g\u00e9ologiques<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">3. Comprendre la g\u00e9om\u00e9trie des explosions<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">4. Distribution et confinement de l&#039;\u00e9nergie explosive<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">5. Comment une charge excessive affecte la fragmentation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">6. Pr\u00e9cision du forage et ex\u00e9cution du tir<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">7. Qu\u2019est-ce qui d\u00e9termine la r\u00e9ussite de la fragmentation par explosion\u00a0?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">8. Mesure et \u00e9valuation de la fragmentation par explosion<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">9. De la mesure de la fragmentation \u00e0 l&#039;optimisation du tir<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">Conclusion<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\">R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator aligncenter has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-thick\" id=\"h-related-articles\"\/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Explorez les principes fondamentaux du dynamitage et de la fragmentation des roches, notamment l&#039;\u00e9nergie explosive, la charge, l&#039;espacement, la pr\u00e9cision du forage et comment les mesures de la taille des particules contribuent \u00e0 l&#039;optimisation du dynamitage.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":5992,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[91],"tags":[104,89,58],"class_list":["post-11197","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kb","tag-aggregates","tag-mining","tag-wipfrag"],"acf":{"related_posts":[{"ID":10311,"post_author":"20","post_date":"2026-09-25 18:03:59","post_date_gmt":"2026-09-25 22:03:59","post_content":"<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"width\":\"100%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\" style=\"flex-basis:100%\"><!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"space-between\",\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:post-excerpt {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fill\",\"flexSize\":null},\"typography\":{\"fontStyle\":\"italic\",\"fontWeight\":\"700\"}}} \/-->\n\n<!-- wp:buttons {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons\"><!-- wp:button -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=10814\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">PDF \u2b73<\/a><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:button --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:buttons --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"20px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"20px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:yoast-seo\/table-of-contents {\"level\":3,\"maxHeadingLevel\":2} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-yoast-seo-table-of-contents yoast-table-of-contents\"><h3>Contents<\/h3><ul><li><a href=\"#h-getting-good-wipfrag-results\" data-level=\"2\">Getting Good WipFrag Results<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-1-terrestrial-images-piles-stockpiles-and-bulk-material\" data-level=\"2\">1. Terrestrial Images \u2013 Piles, Stockpiles, and Bulk Material<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-2-uav-drone-images-large-area-capture\" data-level=\"2\">2. UAV \/ Drone Images \u2013 Large-Area Capture<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-3-underground-image-capture\" data-level=\"2\">3. Underground Image Capture<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-4-lab-samples-trays-and-microscopy\" data-level=\"2\">4. Lab Samples, Trays, and Microscopy<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-5-before-you-leave-the-sample\" data-level=\"2\">5. Before You Leave the Sample<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-additional-information\" data-level=\"2\">Additional Information<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:yoast-seo\/table-of-contents -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-getting-good-wipfrag-results\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-getting-good-wipfrag-results\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Getting Good WipFrag Results<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Good <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/wipfrag\/\" data-type=\"products\" data-id=\"36\">WipFrag<\/a> results begin with images that are <strong>clear, properly scaled, and representative of the material being measured.<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Before capturing an image, ask:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Can I clearly see the particles I need to measure?<\/strong><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Does this image represent the material I am measuring?<\/strong><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Am I using the correct scaling method?<\/strong><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For large or variable samples, capture multiple representative images rather than relying on a single photograph.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-general-capture-rules\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-general-capture-rules\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">General Capture Rules<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<style>\n\/* =========================================================\n   MOBILE LAYOUT\n   All DO items stack first, followed by all AVOID items.\n   Desktop\/tablet layout is unaffected.\n   ========================================================= *\/\n\n@media (max-width: 600px) {\n\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table {\n        display: block;\n        width: 100%;\n        border-collapse: separate;\n    }\n\n    \/* Hide the original two-column header *\/\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table thead {\n        display: none;\n    }\n\n    \/*\n     * Flatten the table rows so the cells can be reordered.\n     * This allows every DO cell to appear before every AVOID cell.\n     *\/\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tbody {\n        display: flex;\n        flex-direction: column;\n        width: 100%;\n    }\n\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tr {\n        display: contents;\n    }\n\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table td {\n        display: block;\n        width: 100% !important;\n        box-sizing: border-box;\n        padding: 12px 16px !important;\n        font-size: 16px !important;\n        line-height: 1.45;\n    }\n\n    \/* All DO cells first *\/\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table td:first-child {\n        order: 1;\n        border-right: none !important;\n    }\n\n    \/* All AVOID cells second *\/\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table td:last-child {\n        order: 2;\n    }\n\n    \/* Mobile DO header *\/\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tr:first-child td:first-child::before {\n        content: \"DO\";\n        display: block;\n        margin: -12px -16px 12px -16px;\n        padding: 9px 16px;\n        background-color: #00b050;\n        color: #ffffff;\n        font-size: 20px;\n        font-weight: bold;\n        text-align: center;\n        border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n    }\n\n    \/* Thick divider before AVOID section *\/\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tr:first-child td:last-child {\n        border-top: 3pt solid #000000;\n    }\n\n    \/* Mobile AVOID header *\/\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tr:first-child td:last-child::before {\n        content: \"AVOID\";\n        display: block;\n        margin: -12px -16px 12px -16px;\n        padding: 9px 16px;\n        background-color: #ee0000;\n        color: #ffffff;\n        font-size: 20px;\n        font-weight: bold;\n        text-align: center;\n        border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n    }\n}\n<\/style>\n\n\n<div id=\"general-do-avoid\">\n\n<table class=\"do-avoid-table\" style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #000000;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n\n    <!-- =====================================================\n         HEADER\n         ===================================================== -->\n    <thead>\n        <tr>\n            <th style=\"\n                width: 50%;\n                background-color: #00b050;\n                color: #ffffff;\n                font-size: 22px;\n                font-weight: bold;\n                text-align: center;\n                padding: 12px 16px;\n                border-right: 3pt solid #000000;\n                border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                DO\n            <\/th>\n\n            <th style=\"\n                width: 50%;\n                background-color: #ee0000;\n                color: #ffffff;\n                font-size: 22px;\n                font-weight: bold;\n                text-align: center;\n                padding: 12px 16px;\n                border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                AVOID\n            <\/th>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/thead>\n\n\n    <!-- =====================================================\n         CONTENT\n         ===================================================== -->\n    <tbody>\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 1 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 1 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Fill the image with the material being analyzed.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 1 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Large areas of sky, floor, walls, equipment or background.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 2 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 2 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Capture sharp, well-focused images.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 2 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Motion blur or out-of-focus particles.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 3 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 3 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use even lighting that keeps particle boundaries visible.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 3 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Deep shadows, glare, or overexposure.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 4 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 4 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Capture enough particles to represent the material.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 4 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Extreme close-ups containing only a few particles.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 5 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 5 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Include the relevant range of particle sizes.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 5 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Selecting only obvious coarse or fine areas.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 6 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 6 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Keep the capture method consistent when comparing samples.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 6 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Changing the method between comparable samples.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 7 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 7 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use optical zoom or change your working distance when needed.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 7 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Digital zoom.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 8 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 8 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use multiple images for large or variable samples.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 8 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Assuming one convenient photograph represents the whole sample.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"50px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                REMEMBER\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                <b>WipFrag can only measure what the camera can see.<\/b> If a particle cannot be clearly distinguished in the original image, it cannot be reliably measured from that image.\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#top\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#top\">Top of Page<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-getting-good-wipfrag-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-getting-good-wipfrag-results\">Getting Good WipFrag Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-terrestrial-images-piles-stockpiles-and-bulk-material\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-terrestrial-images-piles-stockpiles-and-bulk-material\">Terrestrial Images<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-uav-drone-images-large-area-capture\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-uav-drone-images-large-area-capture\">UAV \/ Drone Images<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-underground-image-capture\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-underground-image-capture\">Underground Images<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-lab-samples-trays-and-microscopy\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-lab-samples-trays-and-microscopy\">Lab Samples, Trays, and Microscopy<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-6-before-you-leave-the-sample\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-6-before-you-leave-the-sample\">Before You Leave the Sample<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-7-additional-information\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-7-additional-information\">Additional Information<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-1-terrestrial-images-piles-stockpiles-and-bulk-material\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-1-terrestrial-images-piles-stockpiles-and-bulk-material\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Terrestrial Images \u2013 Piles, Stockpiles, and Bulk Material<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":10636,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Field-Image-Capture.png\" alt=\"A diagram of a person capturing images in the field with a handheld device using WipFrag.\" class=\"wp-image-10636\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-sample-the-pile-don-t-just-photograph-it\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-sample-the-pile-don-t-just-photograph-it\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sample the pile \u2013 don\u2019t just photograph it<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Muckpiles and stockpiles are rarely uniform. Coarse material may collect toward the toe or edges of the pile, while smaller material may collect elsewhere or become hidden beneath the surface. The same principles also apply when <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Wi4pfEPlcAk\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Wi4pfEPlcAk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">analyzing joint planes<\/a> with <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/news\/wipjoint-now-available-for-wipfrag-4-users\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"8440\">WipJoint<\/a>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Capture several representative areas rather than photographing only the easiest or most obvious location.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>For a large pile<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Capture <strong>several areas<\/strong> across the pile, do NOT take several images of the same area.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Include both central and outer areas where practical.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>If the pile is being excavated, capture newly exposed material as it becomes available (if possible).<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Keep images from the same pile, blast or sample grouped together for analysis.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For general rockpile work, <strong>five or more representative images<\/strong> is a useful starting point. Use more when the pile is highly variable or when oversized particles are especially important.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Where practical, capture <strong>hundreds of visible particles<\/strong> in each image. Avoid framing so tightly that one large particle dominates the view.<strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-position-the-camera\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-position-the-camera\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Position the camera<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Face the material as directly as practical and fill the frame with broken material.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Keep the camera reasonably square to the material surface. Stand far enough back to reduce perspective distortion, and use optical zoom when needed to fill the frame from a better or safer working position.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Avoid close, wide-angle photographs of sloped piles. They exaggerate the particles nearest the camera and make the farther material appear smaller.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-choose-the-right-viewing-distance\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-choose-the-right-viewing-distance\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Choose the right viewing distance<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Work close enough to clearly see the particles that matter, but far enough back to capture a representative area.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>If you are too far away, smaller particles may disappear into the image. If you are too close, the image may exclude larger particles or too much of the pile.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For broad size distributions, capture additional closer or wider views rather than expecting one image to represent every particle size equally well.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-scaling-terrestrial-images\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-scaling-terrestrial-images\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Scaling terrestrial images<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use the scaling method that matches how the image was captured.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"50%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4,\"anchor\":\"h-auto-scale\"} -->\n<h4 id=\"h-auto-scale\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Auto Scale<\/strong><\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"placeholder\":\"Content\u2026\"} -->\n<p>When capturing directly through WipFrag on a supported mobile device, Auto Scale can eliminate the need to place a physical scale in the image. For Auto Scale, position yourself on the same general level as the material being captured.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Read more about Auto Scale in the <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=6685\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=6685\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>WipFrag User Manual<\/strong><\/a> or watch the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=6JsUzxJ95ko\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=6JsUzxJ95ko\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Auto Scale tutorial video<\/strong><\/a> on YouTube.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"50%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":10644,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/WipFrag-4-in-quarry-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"A person using WipFrag on a mobile device in a quarry\" class=\"wp-image-10644\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"50%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4,\"anchor\":\"h-distance-scale-edm\"} -->\n<h4 id=\"h-distance-scale-edm\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Distance Scale (EDM)<\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"placeholder\":\"Content\u2026\"} -->\n<p>An electronic distance measurement (EDM) device can be used to measure the distance between camera and material. You must also know the material\u2019s angle of repose relative to the camera view axis. These values will then be used by WipFrag to calculate material scale. This method allows for the use of optical zoom lenses. This method can also be used with drones to capture scaled single images of material piles and\/or highwalls, provided the drone can indicate its distance from the material.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Read more about Distance Scale in the <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=6685\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=6685\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>WipFrag User Manual<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"50%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":10651,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/WipFrag-EDM-Distance-Scale-Diagram-1024x625.png\" alt=\"A diagram of a person using WipFrag, measuring distance with an EDM and measuring the angle of repose of the material pile\" class=\"wp-image-10651\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"50%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4,\"anchor\":\"h-single-scale\"} -->\n<h4 id=\"h-single-scale\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Single Scale<\/strong><\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"placeholder\":\"Content\u2026\"} -->\n<p>Use one physical scale when the material is approximately on one plane with little depth change across the image. This is NOT the best method for field images unless capturing a relatively flat surface from a top-down or perpendicular position.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Read more about physical scale reference objects in the <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=6685\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=6685\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>WipFrag User Manual<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"50%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":10660,\"aspectRatio\":\"3\/2\",\"scale\":\"cover\",\"focalPoint\":{\"x\":0.43,\"y\":0.34},\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Single-Scale-Example.png\" alt=\"An example of a single scale reference object used in an image\" class=\"wp-image-10660\" style=\"aspect-ratio:3\/2;object-fit:cover;object-position:43% 34%\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"50%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4,\"anchor\":\"h-dual-scale\"} -->\n<h4 id=\"h-dual-scale\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Dual Scale<\/strong><\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"placeholder\":\"Content\u2026\"} -->\n<p>Use two physical scales when the material slopes significantly away from the camera. Place the scales at different depths (foreground vs background), oriented horizontally in the image, so WipFrag can account for the change in perspective. This is the best method for field images when using physical scale reference objects.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Read more about physical scale reference objects in the <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=6685\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=6685\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>WipFrag User Manual<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"50%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":10662,\"aspectRatio\":\"3\/2\",\"scale\":\"cover\",\"focalPoint\":{\"x\":0.61,\"y\":0.3},\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Dual-Scale-Example-1024x769.png\" alt=\"An example of dual scale reference objects used in an image\" class=\"wp-image-10662\" style=\"aspect-ratio:3\/2;object-fit:cover;object-position:61% 30%\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Keep physical scales clearly visible and place them where they do NOT hide important material.<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\",\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-style-full-width has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"55%\",\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center has-small-font-size\" style=\"flex-basis:55%\"><!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #000000;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <thead>\n        <tr>\n            <th style=\"\n                background-color: #00b050;\n                color: #ffffff;\n                font-size: 22px;\n                font-weight: bold;\n                text-align: center;\n                padding: 12px 16px;\n                border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                TERRESTRIAL IMAGES \u2013 DO\n            <\/th>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/thead>\n\n    <tbody>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 1 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Capture several representative locations.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 2 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Fill the frame with material.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 3 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Keep the image sharp and in focus.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 4 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Capture enough particles to represent the sample.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 5 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use even lighting where practical.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 6 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use the appropriate scaling method.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 7 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Keep images from each pile, blast or sample grouped together.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 8 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Capture additional views when one image cannot show the full relevant size range.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\",\"blockVisibility\":{\"controlSets\":[{\"id\":1,\"enable\":true,\"controls\":{\"browserDevice\":{\"hideOnRuleSets\":true,\"ruleSets\":[{\"enable\":true,\"rules\":[{\"field\":\"deviceType\",\"operator\":\"any\",\"value\":[\"mobile\",\"robot\"]}]}]}}}]}} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"45%\",\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center has-small-font-size\" style=\"flex-basis:45%\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":10641,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Good-Field-Image-1.png\" alt=\"An example of a good field image, excellent for WipFrag analysis.\" class=\"wp-image-10641\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>An example of a well-captured field image, perfect for analysis.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\",\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-style-full-width has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"55%\",\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center has-small-font-size\" style=\"flex-basis:55%\"><!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #000000;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <thead>\n        <tr>\n            <th style=\"\n                background-color: #ee0000;\n                color: #ffffff;\n                font-size: 22px;\n                font-weight: bold;\n                text-align: center;\n                padding: 12px 16px;\n                border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                TERRESTRIAL IMAGES \u2013 AVOID\n            <\/th>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/thead>\n\n    <tbody>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 1 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Selecting only the coarsest or finest-looking areas.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 2 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Relying on one convenient photograph to represent a large or variable sample.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 3 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Extreme oblique angles.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 4 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Close wide-angle views.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 5 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Digital zoom.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 6 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Using a single scale where there is significant depth or slope.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 7 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Entering unstable material to place a scale object.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 8 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Filling the image with unnecessary sky, ground, equipment or surroundings.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\",\"blockVisibility\":{\"controlSets\":[{\"id\":1,\"enable\":true,\"controls\":{\"browserDevice\":{\"hideOnRuleSets\":true,\"ruleSets\":[{\"enable\":true,\"rules\":[{\"field\":\"deviceType\",\"operator\":\"any\",\"value\":[\"mobile\",\"robot\"]}]}]}}}]}} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"45%\",\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center has-small-font-size\" style=\"flex-basis:45%\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":10638,\"focalPoint\":{\"x\":1,\"y\":0},\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Bad-Field-Image-1.png\" alt=\"An example of a bad field image, not suitable for WipFrag analysis.\" class=\"wp-image-10638\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>An example of a poorly-captured field image, NOT suitable for analysis.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                REMEMBER\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                <b>You do NOT require scale reference objects to use WipFrag.<\/b> The built-in Auto Scale feature is extremely powerful. Try it out a few times to see how it works for your device type.\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"className\":\"is-style-default\",\"style\":{\"color\":{\"background\":\"#c6f6d5\"}}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-top is-style-default has-background\" style=\"background-color:#c6f6d5\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"style\":{\"color\":{\"background\":\"#c6f6d5\"},\"typography\":{\"fontSize\":\"0px\"}}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top has-background\" style=\"background-color:#c6f6d5;font-size:0px\"><!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\",\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":10666,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fit\",\"flexSize\":null}}} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Good-Smile-Icon.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10666\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"width\":\"0px\",\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"flexSize\":\"10px\",\"selfStretch\":\"fixed\"}}} -->\n<div style=\"height:100px;width:0px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"color\":{\"text\":\"#007a37\"},\"elements\":{\"link\":{\"color\":{\"text\":\"#007a37\"}}}},\"fontSize\":\"medium\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size\" style=\"color:#007a37\"><strong>Example Terrestrial Images - Good:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:gallery {\"columns\":1,\"linkTo\":\"none\",\"aspectRatio\":\"4\/3\",\"align\":\"center\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery aligncenter has-nested-images columns-1 is-cropped\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":10681,\"aspectRatio\":\"4\/3\",\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"className\":\"is-style-default\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-style-default\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Good-Field-Image-2.png\" alt=\"An example of a good field image, excellent for WipFrag analysis\" class=\"wp-image-10681\" style=\"aspect-ratio:4\/3\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":10679,\"aspectRatio\":\"4\/3\",\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"className\":\"is-style-default\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-style-default\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Good-Field-Image-4.png\" alt=\"An example of a good field image, excellent for WipFrag analysis.\" class=\"wp-image-10679\" style=\"aspect-ratio:4\/3\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":10680,\"aspectRatio\":\"4\/3\",\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"className\":\"is-style-default\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-style-default\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Good-Field-Image-3.png\" alt=\"An example of a good field image, excellent for WipFrag analysis\" class=\"wp-image-10680\" style=\"aspect-ratio:4\/3\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:gallery --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-default\",\"style\":{\"elements\":{\"link\":{\"color\":{\"text\":\"var:preset|color|black\"}}},\"color\":{\"background\":\"#fed7d7\"}},\"textColor\":\"black\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-default has-black-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color\" style=\"background-color:#fed7d7\"><!-- wp:column {\"style\":{\"color\":{\"background\":\"#fed7d7\"},\"typography\":{\"fontSize\":\"0px\"}}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column has-background\" style=\"background-color:#fed7d7;font-size:0px\"><!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\",\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":10675,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fit\",\"flexSize\":null}}} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Bad-No-Icon.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10675\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"width\":\"0px\",\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"flexSize\":\"10px\",\"selfStretch\":\"fixed\"}}} -->\n<div style=\"height:100px;width:0px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"elements\":{\"link\":{\"color\":{\"text\":\"var:preset|color|vivid-red\"}}}},\"textColor\":\"vivid-red\",\"fontSize\":\"medium\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-vivid-red-color has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Example Terrestrial Images - Bad:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:gallery {\"columns\":1,\"linkTo\":\"none\",\"aspectRatio\":\"4\/3\",\"align\":\"center\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery aligncenter has-nested-images columns-1 is-cropped\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":10694,\"aspectRatio\":\"4\/3\",\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Bad-Field-Image-2.png\" alt=\"An example of a bad field image, not suitable for WipFrag analysis.\" class=\"wp-image-10694\" style=\"aspect-ratio:4\/3\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":10695,\"aspectRatio\":\"4\/3\",\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Bad-Field-Image-3.png\" alt=\"An example of a bad field image, not suitable for WipFrag analysis.\" class=\"wp-image-10695\" style=\"aspect-ratio:4\/3\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":10696,\"aspectRatio\":\"4\/3\",\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Bad-Field-Image-4.png\" alt=\"An example of a bad field image, not suitable for WipFrag analysis.\" class=\"wp-image-10696\" style=\"aspect-ratio:4\/3\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:gallery --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#top\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#top\">Top of Page<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-getting-good-wipfrag-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-getting-good-wipfrag-results\">Getting Good WipFrag Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-terrestrial-images-piles-stockpiles-and-bulk-material\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-terrestrial-images-piles-stockpiles-and-bulk-material\">Terrestrial Images<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-uav-drone-images-large-area-capture\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-uav-drone-images-large-area-capture\">UAV \/ Drone Images<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-underground-image-capture\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-underground-image-capture\">Underground Images<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-lab-samples-trays-and-microscopy\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-lab-samples-trays-and-microscopy\">Lab Samples, Trays, and Microscopy<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-6-before-you-leave-the-sample\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-6-before-you-leave-the-sample\">Before You Leave the Sample<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-7-additional-information\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-7-additional-information\">Additional Information<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-2-uav-drone-images-large-area-capture\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-2-uav-drone-images-large-area-capture\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. UAV \/ Drone Images \u2013 Large-Area Capture<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":10726,\"aspectRatio\":\"2.235955056179775\",\"scale\":\"contain\",\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/UAV-Image-Capture.png\" alt=\"A diagram of a drone capturing an image for analysis in WipFrag\" class=\"wp-image-10726\" style=\"aspect-ratio:2.235955056179775;object-fit:contain\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>UAV imagery is useful for large piles, blasts, stockpiles, and other areas that are difficult to represent with ground-based photographs.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For WipFrag orthomosaic analysis, focus on three things: <strong>complete coverage, sufficient overlap, and enough image detail to see the particles that matter<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-plan-the-flight\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-plan-the-flight\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Plan the flight<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Cover the entire area you intend to analyze, including its edges.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>For an automated mapping flight<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Point the camera <strong>straight down (90\u00b0)<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Use approximately <strong>80% image overlap<\/strong> in the direction of travel and between adjacent flight lines.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Use a regular grid or mapping flight pattern.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Keep a <strong>consistent altitude<\/strong> during the mapping pass.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Capture sharp still images without motion blur.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-choose-the-right-altitude\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-choose-the-right-altitude\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Choose the right altitude<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>As a practical starting point, <strong>20\u201340 m above the material<\/strong> works well for many applications.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Adjust the altitude for the camera, particle size, area being covered, and terrain<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Flying higher covers more area but reduces particle detail. Flying lower provides more detail but requires more images and careful coverage.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Fly low enough that the particles you care about remain clearly visible<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-check-flight-conditions\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-check-flight-conditions\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Check flight conditions<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Choose conditions that allow the UAV to remain stable and produce sharp, evenly exposed images.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Avoid strong wind, rain, poor visibility, heavy glare, deep shadows, or other conditions likely to produce blurred or poorly exposed images.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Before leaving the site, check the images for <strong>sharpness and complete coverage<\/strong> whenever practical.<strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-scaling-uav-imagery\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-scaling-uav-imagery\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Scaling UAV imagery<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A physical scale object is NOT normally required for WipFrag's UAV orthomosaic workflow.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Refer to the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=6685\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=6685\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">WipFrag User Manual<\/a><\/strong> for the current orthomosaic creation, scaling, and analysis procedure, or check out the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=sklCij1ET7Q\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=sklCij1ET7Q\">UAV orthomosaic tutorial<\/a> on our YouTube channel.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<style>\n\/* =========================================================\n   MOBILE LAYOUT\n   All DO items stack first, followed by all AVOID items.\n   Desktop\/tablet layout is unaffected.\n   ========================================================= *\/\n\n@media (max-width: 600px) {\n\n    #uav-do-avoid .do-avoid-table {\n        display: block;\n        width: 100%;\n        border-collapse: separate;\n    }\n\n    \/* Hide the original two-column header *\/\n    #uav-do-avoid .do-avoid-table thead {\n        display: none;\n    }\n\n    \/*\n     * Flatten the table rows so the cells can be reordered.\n     * This allows every DO cell to appear before every AVOID cell.\n     *\/\n    #uav-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tbody {\n        display: flex;\n        flex-direction: column;\n        width: 100%;\n    }\n\n    #uav-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tr {\n        display: contents;\n    }\n\n    #uav-do-avoid .do-avoid-table td {\n        display: block;\n        width: 100% !important;\n        box-sizing: border-box;\n        padding: 12px 16px !important;\n        font-size: 16px !important;\n        line-height: 1.45;\n    }\n\n    \/* All DO cells first *\/\n    #uav-do-avoid .do-avoid-table td:first-child {\n        order: 1;\n        border-right: none !important;\n    }\n\n    \/* All AVOID cells second *\/\n    #uav-do-avoid .do-avoid-table td:last-child {\n        order: 2;\n    }\n\n    \/* Mobile DO header *\/\n    #uav-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tr:first-child td:first-child::before {\n        content: \"UAV IMAGES \u2013 DO\";\n        display: block;\n        margin: -12px -16px 12px -16px;\n        padding: 9px 16px;\n        background-color: #00b050;\n        color: #ffffff;\n        font-size: 20px;\n        font-weight: bold;\n        text-align: center;\n        border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n    }\n\n    \/* Thick divider before AVOID section *\/\n    #uav-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tr:first-child td:last-child {\n        border-top: 3pt solid #000000;\n    }\n\n    \/* Mobile AVOID header *\/\n    #uav-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tr:first-child td:last-child::before {\n        content: \"UAV IMAGES \u2013 AVOID\";\n        display: block;\n        margin: -12px -16px 12px -16px;\n        padding: 9px 16px;\n        background-color: #ee0000;\n        color: #ffffff;\n        font-size: 20px;\n        font-weight: bold;\n        text-align: center;\n        border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n    }\n}\n<\/style>\n\n\n<div id=\"uav-do-avoid\">\n\n<table class=\"do-avoid-table\" style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #000000;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n\n    <!-- =====================================================\n         HEADER\n         ===================================================== -->\n    <thead>\n        <tr>\n            <th style=\"\n                width: 50%;\n                background-color: #00b050;\n                color: #ffffff;\n                font-size: 22px;\n                font-weight: bold;\n                text-align: center;\n                padding: 12px 16px;\n                border-right: 3pt solid #000000;\n                border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                UAV IMAGES \u2013 DO\n            <\/th>\n\n            <th style=\"\n                width: 50%;\n                background-color: #ee0000;\n                color: #ffffff;\n                font-size: 22px;\n                font-weight: bold;\n                text-align: center;\n                padding: 12px 16px;\n                border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                UAV IMAGES \u2013 AVOID\n            <\/th>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/thead>\n\n\n    <!-- =====================================================\n         CONTENT\n         ===================================================== -->\n    <tbody>\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 1 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 1 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Cover the complete blast or sample area.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 1 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Oblique scenic photographs for orthomosaic analysis.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 2 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 2 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use a repeatable mapping flight.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 2 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Missing the perimeter of the blast.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 3 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 3 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Point the camera straight down.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 3 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Insufficient image overlap.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 4 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 4 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Maintain approximately 80% overlap.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 4 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Flying unnecessarily high.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 5 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 5 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Fly low enough to resolve the particles you care about.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 5 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Flying so low that coverage becomes fragmented or incomplete.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 6 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 6 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Check image sharpness and coverage after the flight.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 6 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Blurred images.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 7 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 7 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Keep images from different blasts or flights clearly separated.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 7 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Mixing images from separate blast rounds in one orthomosaic.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"50px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"style\":{\"color\":{\"background\":\"#36a9e126\"}}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#36a9e126\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                font-size: 1.5rem;\n                padding: 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                MANUAL UAV FLIGHT AND CAPTURE\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                font-size: normal;\n                padding: 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                If automated flight paths are <b>NOT<\/b> available for your UAV \/ drone, use the <b> staircase method:<\/b>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":10840,\"aspectRatio\":\"3\/2\",\"scale\":\"cover\",\"focalPoint\":{\"x\":0.5,\"y\":0},\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/UAV-Staircase-Method-Diagram.png\" alt=\"A diagram of the staircase method of analysis for UAVs with WipFrag\" class=\"wp-image-10840\" style=\"aspect-ratio:3\/2;object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 0%\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:list {\"ordered\":true,\"style\":{\"elements\":{\"link\":{\"color\":{\"text\":\"var:preset|color|black\"}}}},\"textColor\":\"black\"} -->\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Start at an altitude of approximately 30 metres (98.5 feet)<\/strong> above the subject. Capture an image.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Move downwards<\/strong> by 5 metres (16.5 feet). Capture an image<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Move horizontally<\/strong> by 2 metres (6.5 feet). Capture an image.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Move downwards<\/strong> by 5 metres (16.5 feet). Capture an image<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Move horizontally<\/strong> by 2 metres (6.5 feet). Capture an image.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Repeat this pattern as needed,<\/strong> moving across the sample area. Capture at least 5 photos.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ol>\n<!-- \/wp:list --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#top\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#top\">Top of Page<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-getting-good-wipfrag-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-getting-good-wipfrag-results\">Getting Good WipFrag Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-terrestrial-images-piles-stockpiles-and-bulk-material\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-terrestrial-images-piles-stockpiles-and-bulk-material\">Terrestrial Images<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-uav-drone-images-large-area-capture\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-uav-drone-images-large-area-capture\">UAV \/ Drone Images<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-underground-image-capture\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-underground-image-capture\">Underground Images<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-lab-samples-trays-and-microscopy\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-lab-samples-trays-and-microscopy\">Lab Samples, Trays, and Microscopy<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-6-before-you-leave-the-sample\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-6-before-you-leave-the-sample\">Before You Leave the Sample<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-7-additional-information\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-7-additional-information\">Additional Information<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-3-underground-image-capture\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-3-underground-image-capture\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Underground Image Capture<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":10727,\"aspectRatio\":\"2.9205298013245033\",\"scale\":\"contain\",\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Underground-Image-Capture.png\" alt=\"A diagram of a person using WipFrag on a mobile device underground.\" class=\"wp-image-10727\" style=\"aspect-ratio:2.9205298013245033;object-fit:contain\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Underground image capture follows the same basic principles as field photography, but <strong>lighting and working distance<\/strong> need extra attention.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-start-with-a-safe-viewpoint\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-start-with-a-safe-viewpoint\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Start with a safe viewpoint<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Work from a safe position with a clear view of the material.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Do NOT enter unsupported ground, an active heading, or unstable material just to improve an image or place a scale.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-use-broad-even-lighting\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-use-broad-even-lighting\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Use broad, even lighting<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use enough light to keep particle boundaries visible without creating deep shadows or bright hot spots.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Where practical:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>position one light to each side of the camera;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>elevate the lights;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>aim them across the material rather than directly from the camera position; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>use broad, portable light sources such as LED panels.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This creates more even illumination while still leaving enough shadow to distinguish neighbouring particles.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-avoid-direct-camera-flash\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-avoid-direct-camera-flash\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Avoid direct camera flash<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Do NOT rely on a built-in or camera-mounted flash as the main light source. Light coming from close to the lens can flatten the image and make particle boundaries harder to see.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A single strong light from one side can create the opposite problem by producing large dark shadows.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use multiple broad light sources where practical.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-stabilize-the-camera\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-stabilize-the-camera\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Stabilize the camera<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use a tripod or other stable support when lighting is limited.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A sharp image with a longer exposure is better than a handheld image with motion blur.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-capture-large-headings-and-piles-in-sections\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-capture-large-headings-and-piles-in-sections\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Capture large headings and piles in sections<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Do NOT move so far away that the particles you care about become too small to see just to fit the entire area into one image. Instead, capture the area in several repeatable sections and combine the analyses where appropriate.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-default\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-style-default\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"50%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"fontSize\":\"1.5rem\",\"textTransform\":\"uppercase\"}}} -->\n<p style=\"font-size:1.5rem;text-transform:uppercase\"><strong>UNDERGROUND IMAGE Capture Geometry<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Where <em><strong>x<\/strong><\/em> is the width of the sample area, which is also the distance to the lighting sources. The camera\u2019s capture position should be twice that distance (2\u00d7<em><strong>x<\/strong><\/em>) away.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"50%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":10728,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"left\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignleft size-full is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Underground-Image-Capture-Geometry.png\" alt=\"A diagram of the ideal capture geometry for underground analysis with WipFrag\" class=\"wp-image-10728\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"55%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:55%\"><!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #000000;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <thead>\n        <tr>\n            <th style=\"\n                background-color: #00b050;\n                color: #ffffff;\n                font-size: 22px;\n                font-weight: bold;\n                text-align: center;\n                padding: 12px 16px;\n                border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                UNDERGROUND IMAGES \u2013 DO\n            <\/th>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/thead>\n\n    <tbody>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 1 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Work from a safe location.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 2 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use two or more broad light sources where possible.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 3 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Position lights away from the camera axis.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 4 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use a tripod in low light.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 5 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Fill the frame with the material being sampled.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 6 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Capture large areas in systematic sections when needed.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 7 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use Dual Scale when photographing material with significant depth.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\",\"blockVisibility\":{\"controlSets\":[{\"id\":1,\"enable\":true,\"controls\":{\"browserDevice\":{\"ruleSets\":[{\"enable\":true,\"rules\":[{\"field\":\"deviceType\",\"operator\":\"any\",\"value\":[\"robot\",\"mobile\"]}]}],\"hideOnRuleSets\":true}}}]}} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"45%\",\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center has-small-font-size\" style=\"flex-basis:45%\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":10731,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Good-Underground-Image-1-1024x768.png\" alt=\"An example of a good underground image, excellent for WipFrag analysis\" class=\"wp-image-10731\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>An example of a well-captured underground image.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"55%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:55%\"><!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #000000;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <thead>\n        <tr>\n            <th style=\"\n                background-color: #ee0000;\n                color: #ffffff;\n                font-size: 22px;\n                font-weight: bold;\n                text-align: center;\n                padding: 12px 16px;\n                border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                UNDERGROUND IMAGES \u2013 AVOID\n            <\/th>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/thead>\n\n    <tbody>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 1 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Camera-mounted flash.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 2 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">One harsh spotlight.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 3 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Deep shadows that hide material.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 4 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Bright glare on wet surfaces.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 5 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Noisy or blurred images when better lighting or camera support is available.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 6 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Moving farther away just to fit everything into one image.<\/span>\n            <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 7 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Entering unsafe ground to place a scale.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\",\"blockVisibility\":{\"controlSets\":[{\"id\":1,\"enable\":true,\"controls\":{\"browserDevice\":{\"hideOnRuleSets\":true,\"ruleSets\":[{\"enable\":true,\"rules\":[{\"field\":\"deviceType\",\"operator\":\"any\",\"value\":[\"mobile\",\"robot\"]}]}]}}}]}} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"45%\",\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center has-small-font-size\" style=\"flex-basis:45%\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":10732,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Bad-Underground-Image-1-1024x812.png\" alt=\"An example of a bad underground image, not suitable for WipFrag analysis.\" class=\"wp-image-10732\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>An example of a poorly-captured underground image.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#top\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#top\">Top of Page<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-getting-good-wipfrag-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-getting-good-wipfrag-results\">Getting Good WipFrag Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-terrestrial-images-piles-stockpiles-and-bulk-material\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-terrestrial-images-piles-stockpiles-and-bulk-material\">Terrestrial Images<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-uav-drone-images-large-area-capture\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-uav-drone-images-large-area-capture\">UAV \/ Drone Images<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-underground-image-capture\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-underground-image-capture\">Underground Images<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-lab-samples-trays-and-microscopy\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-lab-samples-trays-and-microscopy\">Lab Samples, Trays, and Microscopy<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-6-before-you-leave-the-sample\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-6-before-you-leave-the-sample\">Before You Leave the Sample<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-7-additional-information\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-7-additional-information\">Additional Information<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-4-lab-samples-trays-and-microscopy\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-4-lab-samples-trays-and-microscopy\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Lab Samples, Trays, and Microscopy<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"isStackedOnMobile\":false} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-not-stacked-on-mobile\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":10737,\"aspectRatio\":\"3\/2\",\"scale\":\"cover\",\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Rock-Tray-Sample-1024x768.png\" alt=\"A sample of rocks in a tray\" class=\"wp-image-10737\" style=\"aspect-ratio:3\/2;object-fit:cover\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":10738,\"aspectRatio\":\"3\/2\",\"scale\":\"cover\",\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Microscope-Slide-Sample-1024x683.png\" alt=\"A sample from a microscope slide\" class=\"wp-image-10738\" style=\"aspect-ratio:3\/2;object-fit:cover\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For controlled samples, the priority is <strong>repeatability<\/strong>. Keep sample preparation, camera position, lighting, and scale consistent between comparable analyses.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-prepare-the-sample\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-prepare-the-sample\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Prepare the sample<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Spread the material so the particles you need to measure are visible.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Do NOT arrange particles by size or remove particles simply to make the image easier to analyze. The photographed material should remain representative of the sample.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>If particles overlap enough to hide their boundaries, reduce the sample depth or divide the material into multiple representative portions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-capture-directly-from-above\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-capture-directly-from-above\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Capture directly from above<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Position the camera perpendicular to the tray or sample surface.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For repeated testing, use a fixed camera stand or tripod where practical. Keep the <strong>camera height, field of view, lighting, and sample area<\/strong> consistent from one analysis to the next.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-use-even-lighting\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-use-even-lighting\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Use even lighting<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use diffuse, even lighting across the full sample.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Avoid strong directional shadows, reflections, bright hot spots, or uneven illumination.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-scale-the-image\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-scale-the-image\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Scale the image<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For a flat tray or sample, use a Single Scale placed on the same plane as the material.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Top-down images can also be captured using the supported Auto Scale workflow. Refer to the <strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=6685\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=6685\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">WipFrag User Manual<\/a><\/strong><\/strong> for Auto Scale instructions.<br><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<style>\n\/* =========================================================\n   MOBILE LAYOUT\n   All DO items stack first, followed by all AVOID items.\n   Desktop\/tablet layout is unaffected.\n   ========================================================= *\/\n\n@media (max-width: 600px) {\n\n    #lab-do-avoid .do-avoid-table {\n        display: block;\n        width: 100%;\n        border-collapse: separate;\n    }\n\n    \/* Hide the original two-column header *\/\n    #lab-do-avoid .do-avoid-table thead {\n        display: none;\n    }\n\n    \/*\n     * Flatten the table rows so the cells can be reordered.\n     * This allows every DO cell to appear before every AVOID cell.\n     *\/\n    #lab-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tbody {\n        display: flex;\n        flex-direction: column;\n        width: 100%;\n    }\n\n    #lab-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tr {\n        display: contents;\n    }\n\n    #lab-do-avoid .do-avoid-table td {\n        display: block;\n        width: 100% !important;\n        box-sizing: border-box;\n        padding: 12px 16px !important;\n        font-size: 16px !important;\n        line-height: 1.45;\n    }\n\n    \/* All DO cells first *\/\n    #lab-do-avoid .do-avoid-table td:first-child {\n        order: 1;\n        border-right: none !important;\n    }\n\n    \/* All AVOID cells second *\/\n    #lab-do-avoid .do-avoid-table td:last-child {\n        order: 2;\n    }\n\n    \/* Mobile DO header *\/\n    #lab-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tr:first-child td:first-child::before {\n        content: \"LAB & TRAY IMAGES \u2013 DO\";\n        display: block;\n        margin: -12px -16px 12px -16px;\n        padding: 9px 16px;\n        background-color: #00b050;\n        color: #ffffff;\n        font-size: 20px;\n        font-weight: bold;\n        text-align: center;\n        border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n    }\n\n    \/* Thick divider before AVOID section *\/\n    #lab-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tr:first-child td:last-child {\n        border-top: 3pt solid #000000;\n    }\n\n    \/* Mobile AVOID header *\/\n    #lab-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tr:first-child td:last-child::before {\n        content: \"LAB & TRAY IMAGES \u2013 AVOID\";\n        display: block;\n        margin: -12px -16px 12px -16px;\n        padding: 9px 16px;\n        background-color: #ee0000;\n        color: #ffffff;\n        font-size: 20px;\n        font-weight: bold;\n        text-align: center;\n        border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n    }\n}\n<\/style>\n\n\n<div id=\"lab-do-avoid\">\n\n<table class=\"do-avoid-table\" style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #000000;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n\n    <!-- =====================================================\n         HEADER\n         ===================================================== -->\n    <thead>\n        <tr>\n            <th style=\"\n                width: 50%;\n                background-color: #00b050;\n                color: #ffffff;\n                font-size: 22px;\n                font-weight: bold;\n                text-align: center;\n                padding: 12px 16px;\n                border-right: 3pt solid #000000;\n                border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                LAB &amp; TRAY IMAGES \u2013 DO\n            <\/th>\n\n            <th style=\"\n                width: 50%;\n                background-color: #ee0000;\n                color: #ffffff;\n                font-size: 22px;\n                font-weight: bold;\n                text-align: center;\n                padding: 12px 16px;\n                border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                LAB &amp; TRAY IMAGES \u2013 AVOID\n            <\/th>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/thead>\n\n\n    <!-- =====================================================\n         CONTENT\n         ===================================================== -->\n    <tbody>\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 1 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 1 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use a repeatable camera position.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 1 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Arranging or selecting particles to change the apparent distribution.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 2 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 2 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Photograph perpendicular to the sample.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 2 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Tilting the camera.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 3 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 3 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use even, diffuse lighting.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 3 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Deep layers that hide particle boundaries.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 4 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 4 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Fill most of the image with sample material.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 4 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Placing the scale above or below the particle plane.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 5 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 5 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Keep sample preparation consistent.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 5 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Changing the capture setup between comparable samples.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 6 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 6 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Keep a physical scale on the same plane as the material.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 6 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Strong shadows, reflections, or glare.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-for-microscope-images\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-for-microscope-images\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">For microscope images<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The same principles apply at microscopic scale: <strong>clear particles, known scale, consistent capture conditions, and representative sampling<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Keep the particles of interest clearly resolved and in focus.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Use a scale appropriate to the microscope magnification.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Keep magnification consistent when comparing samples.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Use even illumination across the field of view.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Avoid overexposure that causes neighbouring particles to merge visually.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Capture several representative fields of view rather than selecting only the cleanest or easiest areas.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Keep sample preparation consistent between comparative analyses.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<style>\n\/* =========================================================\n   MOBILE LAYOUT\n   All DO items stack first, followed by all AVOID items.\n   Desktop\/tablet layout is unaffected.\n   ========================================================= *\/\n\n@media (max-width: 600px) {\n\n    #microscope-do-avoid .do-avoid-table {\n        display: block;\n        width: 100%;\n        border-collapse: separate;\n    }\n\n    \/* Hide the original two-column header *\/\n    #microscope-do-avoid .do-avoid-table thead {\n        display: none;\n    }\n\n    \/*\n     * Flatten the table rows so the cells can be reordered.\n     * This allows every DO cell to appear before every AVOID cell.\n     *\/\n    #microscope-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tbody {\n        display: flex;\n        flex-direction: column;\n        width: 100%;\n    }\n\n    #microscope-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tr {\n        display: contents;\n    }\n\n    #microscope-do-avoid .do-avoid-table td {\n        display: block;\n        width: 100% !important;\n        box-sizing: border-box;\n        padding: 12px 16px !important;\n        font-size: 16px !important;\n        line-height: 1.45;\n    }\n\n    \/* All DO cells first *\/\n    #microscope-do-avoid .do-avoid-table .do-cell {\n        order: 1;\n        border-right: none !important;\n    }\n\n    \/* All AVOID cells second *\/\n    #microscope-do-avoid .do-avoid-table .avoid-cell {\n        order: 2;\n    }\n\n    \/* Mobile DO header *\/\n    #microscope-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tr:first-child .do-cell::before {\n        content: \"MICROSCOPE IMAGES \u2013 DO\";\n        display: block;\n        margin: -12px -16px 12px -16px;\n        padding: 9px 16px;\n        background-color: #00b050;\n        color: #ffffff;\n        font-size: 20px;\n        font-weight: bold;\n        text-align: center;\n        border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n    }\n\n    \/* Thick divider before AVOID section *\/\n    #microscope-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tr:first-child .avoid-cell {\n        border-top: 3pt solid #000000;\n    }\n\n    \/* Mobile AVOID header *\/\n    #microscope-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tr:first-child .avoid-cell::before {\n        content: \"MICROSCOPE IMAGES \u2013 AVOID\";\n        display: block;\n        margin: -12px -16px 12px -16px;\n        padding: 9px 16px;\n        background-color: #ee0000;\n        color: #ffffff;\n        font-size: 20px;\n        font-weight: bold;\n        text-align: center;\n        border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n    }\n}\n<\/style>\n\n\n<div id=\"microscope-do-avoid\">\n\n<table class=\"do-avoid-table\" style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #000000;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n\n    <!-- =====================================================\n         HEADER\n         ===================================================== -->\n    <thead>\n        <tr>\n            <th style=\"\n                width: 50%;\n                background-color: #00b050;\n                color: #ffffff;\n                font-size: 22px;\n                font-weight: bold;\n                text-align: center;\n                padding: 12px 16px;\n                border-right: 3pt solid #000000;\n                border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                MICROSCOPE IMAGES \u2013 DO\n            <\/th>\n\n            <th style=\"\n                width: 50%;\n                background-color: #ee0000;\n                color: #ffffff;\n                font-size: 22px;\n                font-weight: bold;\n                text-align: center;\n                padding: 12px 16px;\n                border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                MICROSCOPE IMAGES \u2013 AVOID\n            <\/th>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/thead>\n\n\n    <!-- =====================================================\n         CONTENT\n         ===================================================== -->\n    <tbody>\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 1 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td class=\"do-cell\" style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 1 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use a calibrated scale.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td class=\"avoid-cell\" style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 1 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Using a scale from a different magnification.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 2 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td class=\"do-cell\" style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 2 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Maintain consistent magnification.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td class=\"avoid-cell\" style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 2 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Selecting only the easiest areas to analyze.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 3 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td class=\"do-cell\" style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 3 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Keep the imaging plane in focus.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td class=\"avoid-cell\" style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 3 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Using images where neighbouring particles cannot be distinguished.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 4 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td class=\"do-cell\" style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 4 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Capture multiple representative fields of view.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td class=\"avoid-cell\" rowspan=\"2\" style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                vertical-align:middle;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 4 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Changing microscope or capture settings during a comparative study without documenting the change.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 5 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td class=\"do-cell\" style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 5 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Record the magnification or scale used.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:html --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#top\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#top\">Top of Page<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-getting-good-wipfrag-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-getting-good-wipfrag-results\">Getting Good WipFrag Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-terrestrial-images-piles-stockpiles-and-bulk-material\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-terrestrial-images-piles-stockpiles-and-bulk-material\">Terrestrial Images<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-uav-drone-images-large-area-capture\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-uav-drone-images-large-area-capture\">UAV \/ Drone Images<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-underground-image-capture\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-underground-image-capture\">Underground Images<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-lab-samples-trays-and-microscopy\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-lab-samples-trays-and-microscopy\">Lab Samples, Trays, and Microscopy<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-6-before-you-leave-the-sample\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-6-before-you-leave-the-sample\">Before You Leave the Sample<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-7-additional-information\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-7-additional-information\">Additional Information<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-5-before-you-leave-the-sample\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-5-before-you-leave-the-sample\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Before You Leave the Sample<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-wipfrag-capture-checklist\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-wipfrag-capture-checklist\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">WipFrag Capture Checklist<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Before moving on, confirm:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Representative<\/strong> \u2014 Did I capture the material according to the sampling plan rather than choosing only what looked interesting?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Enough coverage<\/strong> \u2014 Have I captured enough images to represent the sample area?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Sharp<\/strong> \u2014 Can I clearly distinguish the particles of interest?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Properly framed<\/strong> \u2014 Is the image mostly filled with the material being measured?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Good lighting<\/strong> \u2014 Are particle boundaries visible without excessive shadow, glare, or overexposure?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Correct scale<\/strong> \u2014 Am I using Auto Scale, Single Scale, Dual Scale or the UAV workflow appropriately?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Full size range<\/strong> \u2014 Can I see the particle sizes that matter, or do I need additional closer or wider images?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Organized<\/strong> \u2014 Do I know which images belong to this sample, pile, blast, flight, or project?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                MORE INFORMATION\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                For step-by-step instructions on scaling methods, UAV orthomosaic creation, merging analyses, edge detection and other WipFrag software functions, refer to the latest <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=6685\"><b>WipFrag User Manual<\/b><\/a>, the <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipfrag-faq\"><b>WipFrag FAQ<\/b><\/a> or visit our <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/product-tutorial-videos\/\"><b>Videos<\/b><\/a> library for tutorials. <br>Once your analysis is complete, use the <b><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipfrag-results-interpretation-guide\/\">Results Interpretation Guide<\/a><\/b> to understand the PSD curve, D-values, statistics, histogram, specification envelope, shape measurements and other WipFrag results.\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#top\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#top\">Top of Page<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-getting-good-wipfrag-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-getting-good-wipfrag-results\">Getting Good WipFrag Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-terrestrial-images-piles-stockpiles-and-bulk-material\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-terrestrial-images-piles-stockpiles-and-bulk-material\">Terrestrial Images<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-uav-drone-images-large-area-capture\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-uav-drone-images-large-area-capture\">UAV \/ Drone Images<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-underground-image-capture\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-underground-image-capture\">Underground Images<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-lab-samples-trays-and-microscopy\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-lab-samples-trays-and-microscopy\">Lab Samples, Trays, and Microscopy<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-6-before-you-leave-the-sample\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-6-before-you-leave-the-sample\">Before You Leave the Sample<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-7-additional-information\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-7-additional-information\">Additional Information<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-additional-information\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-additional-information\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Additional Information<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-accounts-subscriptions-and-credits\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-accounts-subscriptions-and-credits\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Accounts, Subscriptions and Credits<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Visit <a href=\"https:\/\/wipwareaccount.com\/register.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">wipwareaccount.com\/register<\/a> to make a free WipWare Account. Your WipWare Account contains your WipFrag subscription and\/or image credits, plus your cloud-synchronized analysis files.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>If you already have an account, you can log in at <a href=\"https:\/\/wipwareaccount.com\/login.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">wipwareaccount.com\/login<\/a>. There you can change your account details, manage the devices connected to your WipWare account and explore other options. Ensure you log in to your WipWare Account inside WipFrag to access your paid features, use your cloud storage and synchronize your analysis files.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Contact your regional WipWare representative to purchase or renew your subscription, or to add more credits to your account. You may also purchase or renew online with PayPal or a credit card by visiting <a href=\"https:\/\/wipwareaccount.com\/store.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">wipwareaccount.com\/store<\/a>. There is no auto-renewal available for WipFrag subscriptions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                SOFTWARE UPDATES\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                <b>Ensure you keep WipFrag up to date!<\/b> Regular updates are provided for WipFrag via Internet.\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-field-equipment-examples\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-field-equipment-examples\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Field Equipment Examples<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>Note: Mobile devices must have an internal GPS, accelerometer, gyroscope, and magnetometer for full functionality.<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:table {\"className\":\"is-style-stripes\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Smartphones<\/th><th><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.apple.com\/store\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.apple.com\/store\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\"><strong>Apple iPhone 12<\/strong><br><\/a><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/store.google.com\/category\/phones\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/store.google.com\/category\/phones\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Google Pixel 6a<\/a><\/strong><br><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.samsung.com\/smartphones\/all-smartphones\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.samsung.com\/smartphones\/all-smartphones\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Samsung Galaxy S21 5G<\/a><\/strong> <em>-or-<\/em> <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.samsung.com\/smartphones\/all-smartphones\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.samsung.com\/smartphones\/all-smartphones\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">A53 5G<\/a><\/strong><\/td><td>Economical smartphones that meet basic requirements<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.apple.com\/store\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.apple.com\/store\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Apple iPhone 15 Pro Max<\/a><\/strong><br><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.samsung.com\/smartphones\/all-smartphones\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.samsung.com\/smartphones\/all-smartphones\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Samsung Galaxy S26 Ultra<\/a><\/strong><\/td><td>Premium smartphones with larger screens and better cameras, sensors, and processors<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:table -->\n\n<!-- wp:table {\"className\":\"is-style-stripes\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Tablets<\/th><th><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.apple.com\/store\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.apple.com\/store\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\"><strong>Apple iPad Pro (5<sup>th<\/sup> Gen) &nbsp;[Cellular]<\/strong><br><\/a><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.samsung.com\/tablets\/all-tablets\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.samsung.com\/smartphones\/all-smartphones\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Samsung Galaxy Tab A11<\/a><\/strong><em> -or- <\/em><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.samsung.com\/tablets\/all-tablets\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.samsung.com\/smartphones\/all-smartphones\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">S10 Lite<\/a><\/strong><\/td><td>Economical tablets that meet basic requirements<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.apple.com\/store\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.apple.com\/store\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\"><strong><strong>Apple iPad Pro M4 &nbsp;[Cellular]<\/strong><\/strong><br><\/a><strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.samsung.com\/tablets\/all-tablets\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.samsung.com\/tablets\/all-tablets\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Samsung Galaxy Tab S10 Ultra<\/a><\/strong><\/strong> <em>-or-<\/em> <strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.samsung.com\/tablets\/all-tablets\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.samsung.com\/tablets\/all-tablets\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">S9 FE<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/td><td>Premium tablets with larger screens and better cameras, sensors, and processors<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:table -->\n\n<!-- wp:table {\"className\":\"is-style-stripes\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Digital Cameras<\/th><th><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/explore.omsystem.com\/cameras\/tough\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/explore.omsystem.com\/cameras\/tough\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">OM System Tough TG-7<\/a><\/strong><\/td><td>Rugged economy field camera; waterproof, dustproof, shockproof, has GPS<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/explore.omsystem.com\/accessories\/tough-accessories\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/explore.omsystem.com\/accessories\/tough-accessories\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">OM System TCON-T01<\/a><\/strong><\/td><td>TG-7 accessory; optional teleconverter accessory for longer optical reach<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sony.ca\/imaging\/compact-cameras\/all-compact-cameras\/p\/dscrx10m4-b\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.sony.ca\/imaging\/compact-cameras\/all-compact-cameras\/p\/dscrx10m4-b\">Sony RX10 IV<\/a><\/strong><\/td><td>Long-range superzoom camera; professional, non-ruggedized<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:table -->\n\n<!-- wp:table {\"className\":\"is-style-stripes\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Drones \/ UAVs<\/th><th><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dji.com\/mini-5-pro\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.dji.com\/mini-5-pro\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">DJI Mini 5 Pro<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/td><td>Manual flight drone; economy, sub-250g class<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/enterprise.dji.com\/mavic-3-enterprise\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/enterprise.dji.com\/mavic-3-enterprise\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">DJI Mavic 3 Enterprise<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/td><td>Recommended drone; premium, turnkey, compatible with automatic flight<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.skydio.com\/x10\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.skydio.com\/x10\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Skydio X10<\/a> <\/strong><\/strong><em>-or-<\/em><strong><strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.skydio.com\/x10d\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.skydio.com\/x10d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">X10D<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/td><td>Restricted \/ compliance drone; for NDAA \/ Blue UAS \/ Green UAS \/ etc.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:table -->\n\n<!-- wp:table {\"className\":\"is-style-stripes\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Laser Distance Measuring Devices \/ EDMs<\/th><th><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong><strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.boschtools.com\/us\/en\/products\/glm165-22-0601072S12\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.boschtools.com\/us\/en\/products\/glm165-22-0601072S12\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Bosch BLAZE GLM165-22<\/a>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong>-<em>or-<\/em><strong><strong><strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.boschtools.com\/us\/en\/products\/glm165-27c-0601072T11\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.boschtools.com\/us\/en\/products\/glm165-27c-0601072T11\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">27C<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/td><td>Economy; construction-grade<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong><strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/shop.leica-geosystems.com\/measurement-tools\/disto\/leica-disto-x1\/buy\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/shop.leica-geosystems.com\/measurement-tools\/disto\/leica-disto-x1\/buy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Leica DISTO X1<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/td><td>Recommended; longer range, higher confidence<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:table -->\n\n<!-- wp:table {\"className\":\"is-style-stripes\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Underground Lights<\/th><th><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong><strong><strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulanzi.com\/collections\/continuous-lighting\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.ulanzi.com\/collections\/continuous-lighting\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">ULANZI VL200<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/td><td>LED light panel; portable, lightweight, USB-charged or powered battery<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:table -->\n\n<!-- wp:table {\"className\":\"is-style-stripes\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Tripods \/ Light Stands<\/th><th><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong><strong><strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulanzi.com\/products\/quick-release-light-stand-with-cold-shoe-mount\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.ulanzi.com\/products\/quick-release-light-stand-with-cold-shoe-mount\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">ULANZI MT-89<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/td><td>Telescopic tripod; portable, lightweight, semi-rugged, universal mount<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:table -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                ABOUT FIELD EQUIPMENT EXAMPLES\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                These examples are based on devices that consistently provide the best user experience. WipWare does NOT explicitly endorse these products.\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\",\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"center\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#top\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#top\">Top of Page<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-getting-good-wipfrag-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-getting-good-wipfrag-results\">Getting Good WipFrag Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-terrestrial-images-piles-stockpiles-and-bulk-material\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-terrestrial-images-piles-stockpiles-and-bulk-material\">Terrestrial Images<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-uav-drone-images-large-area-capture\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-uav-drone-images-large-area-capture\">UAV \/ Drone Images<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-underground-image-capture\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-underground-image-capture\">Underground Images<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-lab-samples-trays-and-microscopy\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-lab-samples-trays-and-microscopy\">Lab Samples, Trays, and Microscopy<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-6-before-you-leave-the-sample\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-6-before-you-leave-the-sample\">Before You Leave the Sample<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-7-additional-information\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-7-additional-information\">Additional Information<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:buttons {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons\"><!-- wp:button -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=10814\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">PDF \u2b73<\/a><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:button --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:buttons --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator {\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-thick\",\"anchor\":\"h-related-articles\"} -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator aligncenter has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-thick\" id=\"h-related-articles\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->","post_title":"Image Capture and Sampling Guide","post_excerpt":"A practical guide on collecting representative images for WipFrag analysis","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"wipfrag-image-capture-and-sampling-guide","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/wipware.com\/news\/wipjoint-now-available-for-wipfrag-4-users\/","post_modified":"2026-10-16 14:09:29","post_modified_gmt":"2026-10-16 18:09:29","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=10311","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"7","filter":"raw"},{"ID":10998,"post_author":"20","post_date":"2026-10-09 12:19:51","post_date_gmt":"2026-10-09 16:19:51","post_content":"<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"width\":\"100%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\" style=\"flex-basis:100%\"><!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"space-between\",\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:post-excerpt {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fill\",\"flexSize\":null},\"typography\":{\"fontStyle\":\"italic\",\"fontWeight\":\"700\"}}} \/-->\n\n<!-- wp:buttons {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons\"><!-- wp:button -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=11046\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PDF \u2b73<\/a><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:button --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:buttons --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"20px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"20px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns\"><!-- wp:column {\"width\":\"100%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\" style=\"flex-basis:100%\"><!-- wp:yoast-seo\/table-of-contents {\"maxHeadingLevel\":2} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-yoast-seo-table-of-contents yoast-table-of-contents\"><h2>Table of contents<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\" data-level=\"2\">1. Start With the WipFrag Chart<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\" data-level=\"2\">2. Read the Particle Size Distribution Curve<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\" data-level=\"2\">3. Understand D-Values<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\" data-level=\"2\">4. Understand the WipFrag Statistics<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\" data-level=\"2\">5. Read the Histogram and Size Classes<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\" data-level=\"2\">6. Use the Specification Envelope<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\" data-level=\"2\">7. Review Particle Size Visually<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\" data-level=\"2\">8. Interpret Particle Shape and Colour Results<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\" data-level=\"2\">9. Combine and Compare Results<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\" data-level=\"2\">10. Calibration, Fines and Measurement Limits<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\" data-level=\"2\">11. Turn WipFrag Results Into Decisions<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\" data-level=\"2\">12. Spatial Results for UAV Analysis<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\" data-level=\"2\">13. Export and Record Results<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\" data-level=\"2\">WipFrag Results Quick Reference<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:yoast-seo\/table-of-contents --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Start With the WipFrag Chart<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Once an analysis is complete, WipFrag converts the measured particles into a set of results describing the <strong>particle size distribution (PSD)<\/strong> and other characteristics of the analyzed material.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-style-full-width\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"45%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:45%\"><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The standard WipFrag chart can include:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>a cumulative particle size distribution curve;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>a histogram;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>selected result statistics;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>user-defined size classes;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>a specification envelope;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>sphericity information; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>colour results when Colour ID has been configured.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"55%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:55%\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":11006,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Annotated-WipFrag-Chart-1024x536.png\" alt=\"An annotated WipFrag analysis chart\" class=\"wp-image-11006\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>(1) <\/strong>Particle Size Distribution [PSD] Curve, <strong>(2) <\/strong>Data Box, <strong>(3) <\/strong>Histogram, <strong>(4) <\/strong>Specification Envelope, <strong>(5) <\/strong>Sphericity, <strong>(6) <\/strong>Size Classes.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The chart can be configured to show the information most useful to the application.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-start-with-the-question\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-start-with-the-question\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Start with the question<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Before interpreting individual numbers, ask:&nbsp; <strong>What decision am I trying to make from this result?<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Is the material coarser or finer than expected?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>What percentage of material is below a process limit?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>How much material is above an oversize threshold?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Is the distribution becoming more or less uniform?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Has the PSD changed from a previous sample?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Does the result fall within an operating specification?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Is particle shape changing?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Are large particles concentrated in a particular area?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Is a user-defined colour proportion changing?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Different WipFrag results describe different aspects of the material. There is rarely one value that tells the whole story.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                REMEMBER\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                <b>Interpret the result against the application.<\/b> A smaller, larger, narrower, or wider particle size distribution is NOT automatically better. The useful result is the one that meets the requirements of the process or study.\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\">1. Start With the WipFrag Chart<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\">2. Read the Particle Size Distribution Curve<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\">3. Understand D-Values<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\">4. Understand the WipFrag Statistics<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\">5. Read the Histogram and Size Classes<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\">6. Use the Specification Envelope<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\">7. Review Particle Size Visually<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\">8. Interpret Particle Shape and Colour Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\">9. Combine and Compare Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\">10. Calibration, Fines and Measurement Limits<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\">11. Turn WipFrag Results Into Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\">12. Spatial Results for UAV Analysis<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\">13. Export and Record Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\">WipFrag Results Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Read the Particle Size Distribution Curve<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The particle size distribution (PSD) curve shows how particle size is distributed through the analyzed material.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The horizontal axis represents particle size, while the vertical axis represents <strong>cumulative percentage passing<\/strong> \u2014 the percentage of material smaller than a selected size.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, if the curve shows <strong>~25% passing at 100 mm<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>approximately 25% of the analyzed material is smaller than 100 mm; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>approximately 75% is larger than 100 mm.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The percentage larger than a selected size can also be described as <strong>cumulative percentage retained<\/strong>. Passing and retained are complementary:&nbsp; <strong>~25% passing 100 mm = ~75% retained above 100 mm<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":11015,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Chart-Passing-Retained-1024x536.png\" alt=\"WipFrag chart results showing percent passing and percent retained.\" class=\"wp-image-11015\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Do NOT confuse <strong>cumulative percent retained<\/strong> with the <strong>class retained<\/strong> value in the histogram. Cumulative retained includes everything larger than the selected size, while class retained describes only the material within one defined size interval.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-reading-the-curve-from-either-direction\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-reading-the-curve-from-either-direction\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Reading the curve from either direction<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>You can use the curve in two ways.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4,\"anchor\":\"h-start-with-a-percentage\"} -->\n<h4 id=\"h-start-with-a-percentage\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Start with a percentage<\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>If you want to know the particle size corresponding to a particular percentile, read across from the percentage to the curve and then down to the size axis.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This is how values such as D50 and D80 are interpreted.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4,\"anchor\":\"h-start-with-a-size\"} -->\n<h4 id=\"h-start-with-a-size\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Start with a size<\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>If you already have a meaningful size, such as a screen opening, crusher feed target, oversize limit, product specification, or laboratory sieve size, find that size on the horizontal axis and read upward to the curve.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The corresponding percentage tells you how much of the analyzed material falls below that size.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-understand-the-particle-size-axis\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-understand-the-particle-size-axis\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Understand the particle-size axis<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Particle size distributions often cover a very wide range of sizes, so WipFrag plots the user-defined size classes with <strong>logarithmic scaling<\/strong> to make both smaller and larger particles visible on the same chart.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>On a logarithmic size axis, equal distances across the chart do NOT represent equal numerical increases in particle size.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, the visual distance from 10 mm to 20 mm is NOT interpreted the same way as a linear ruler extending from 10 mm to 20 mm, and progressively larger size ranges can be displayed without compressing the smaller particles into one end of the graph.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use the axis labels and measured values, rather than visual distance alone, when comparing particle sizes.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":11016,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Linear-Log-Data-Comparison.png\" alt=\"Linear data vs logarithmic data comparison\" class=\"wp-image-11016\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-compare-the-entire-curve\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-compare-the-entire-curve\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Compare the entire curve<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>D-values are useful summaries, but two distributions can have similar D50 or D80 values while differing elsewhere.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>When comparing results, look at:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>the fine end;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>the middle of the distribution;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>the coarse end; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>the overall shape of the curve.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Where two curves separate can be just as useful as the difference between individual statistics.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\">1. Start With the WipFrag Chart<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\">2. Read the Particle Size Distribution Curve<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\">3. Understand D-Values<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\">4. Understand the WipFrag Statistics<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\">5. Read the Histogram and Size Classes<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\">6. Use the Specification Envelope<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\">7. Review Particle Size Visually<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\">8. Interpret Particle Shape and Colour Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\">9. Combine and Compare Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\">10. Calibration, Fines and Measurement Limits<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\">11. Turn WipFrag Results Into Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\">12. Spatial Results for UAV Analysis<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\">13. Export and Record Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\">WipFrag Results Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-3-understand-d-values\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-3-understand-d-values\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Understand D-Values<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipFrag reports percentile sizes using the notation <strong>DXX<\/strong>. The number after D represents the percentage of material smaller than the reported size.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>D10:<\/strong>&nbsp; 10% of the material is smaller than this size.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>D50:<\/strong>&nbsp; 50% of the material is smaller and 50% is larger.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>D80:<\/strong>&nbsp; 80% of the material is smaller and 20% is larger.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>D95:<\/strong>&nbsp; 95% of the material is smaller and 5% is larger.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These values provide convenient reference points along the particle size distribution.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-d50\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-d50\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">D50<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>D50 is the <strong>50% passing size<\/strong> and represents the midpoint, or median, of the particle size distribution.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>It is useful for:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>comparing the general size of different samples;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>tracking whether material is becoming coarser or finer; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>summarizing the centre of the distribution.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>D50 should NOT be interpreted as the arithmetic average particle size.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-d80\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-d80\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">D80<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>D80 is the <strong>80% passing size<\/strong>. It is commonly used in mining, aggregates, crushing, grinding, and fragmentation studies because it provides a useful measure toward the coarse side of the distribution without being controlled only by the very largest particles.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use D80 to:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>compare fragmentation between samples;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>track changes over time;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>relate material size to downstream processing; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>compare the result with a defined operational target.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-higher-percentile-sizes\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-higher-percentile-sizes\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Higher percentile sizes<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Values such as <strong>D90<\/strong> and <strong>D95<\/strong> describe progressively more of the coarse end. These values can be useful where large particles or oversize are important, but they also depend strongly on whether the captured sample adequately represented the larger material.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A high-percentile value should therefore be interpreted together with the sampling method and the original imagery.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                IMPORTANT\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                <b>A D-value describes the distribution. It does NOT explain what caused it.<\/b> A change in D80, for example, tells you that the material size distribution changed. Determining why requires the relevant operating, geological, process, or blast information.\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\">1. Start With the WipFrag Chart<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\">2. Read the Particle Size Distribution Curve<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\">3. Understand D-Values<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\">4. Understand the WipFrag Statistics<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\">5. Read the Histogram and Size Classes<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\">6. Use the Specification Envelope<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\">7. Review Particle Size Visually<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\">8. Interpret Particle Shape and Colour Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\">9. Combine and Compare Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\">10. Calibration, Fines and Measurement Limits<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\">11. Turn WipFrag Results Into Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\">12. Spatial Results for UAV Analysis<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\">13. Export and Record Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\">WipFrag Results Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Understand the WipFrag Statistics<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The WipFrag Data Box can display selected statistics alongside the PSD.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Not every statistic needs to be used for every application.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-particles\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-particles\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Particles<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Particles is the number of particles measured in the analysis.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use this value as context for the result rather than as a performance target by itself.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A larger particle count does NOT automatically mean a better analysis. The particles still need to be:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>visible;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>correctly delineated;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>properly scaled; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>representative of the material being sampled.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-coverage\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-coverage\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Coverage<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Coverage is the percentage of the image area included as analyzable material.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Coverage can help describe how much of the image contributed to the analysis.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>It should be considered a supporting diagnostic rather than a particle-size result.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-sphericity\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-sphericity\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sphericity<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipFrag's Sphericity value describes particle shape based on the relationship between particle length and width.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Higher values represent particles that are more equant in the image, while lower values indicate more elongated particles.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use sphericity to:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>compare particle shape between samples;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>identify changes in material shape;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>investigate handling or processing behaviour where particle shape matters; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>complement the PSD when size alone does NOT fully describe the material.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":11019,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-default\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-style-default\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Sphericity-Shape-Comparison-1024x456.png\" alt=\"Comparison of more equant (high sphericity) particles and elongated (lower sphericity) particles.\" class=\"wp-image-11019\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Sphericity describes the <strong>two-dimensional particle shape visible in the image<\/strong>. It should NOT be interpreted as a complete three-dimensional measurement of particle form.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-rosin-rammler-statistics\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-rosin-rammler-statistics\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Rosin-Rammler Statistics<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipFrag can describe the particle size distribution using the Rosin-Rammler model.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4,\"anchor\":\"h-xc-characteristic-size\"} -->\n<h4 id=\"h-xc-characteristic-size\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Xc \u2013 Characteristic Size<\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Xc is the Rosin-Rammler characteristic size.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>In WipFrag:&nbsp; <strong>Xc = D63.2 before any calibration is applied.<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This means 63.2% of the material is smaller than the Xc value.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Xc provides another useful reference size for comparing distributions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4,\"anchor\":\"h-n-uniformity-coefficient\"} -->\n<h4 id=\"h-n-uniformity-coefficient\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>n<\/em> \u2013 Uniformity Coefficient<\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>n<\/em> describes the uniformity of the Rosin-Rammler distribution.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A higher <em>n<\/em> indicates a narrower, more uniform size distribution.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A lower <em>n<\/em> indicates a broader distribution containing a wider range of particle sizes.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use <em>n<\/em> when the spread of the distribution matters, rather than looking only at whether the overall material is coarse or fine.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>In WipFrag:&nbsp; <strong><em>n<\/em> = uniformity coefficient <em>before<\/em> any calibration is applied.<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":11021,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-default\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-style-default\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Uniformity-Comparison.png\" alt=\"Comparison of n values with examples of higher and lower uniformity samples.\" class=\"wp-image-11021\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                EXAMPLE\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                <b>Two samples may have similar D50 values but very different <i>n<\/i> values.<\/b> One may contain particles concentrated around the median size, while the other contains a much wider mixture of fine and coarse material.\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-swebrec-statistics\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-swebrec-statistics\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Swebrec Statistics<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipFrag can also describe the distribution using the Swebrec model.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4,\"anchor\":\"h-x50\"} -->\n<h4 id=\"h-x50\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>X50<\/em><\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>X50<\/em> is the Swebrec 50% passing size.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>In WipFrag:&nbsp; <strong><em>X50<\/em> = D50 <em>before<\/em> any calibration is applied.<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4,\"anchor\":\"h-xmax\"} -->\n<h4 id=\"h-xmax\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>Xmax<\/em><\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>Xmax<\/em> represents the maximum particle size used by the Swebrec distribution and corresponds to the largest particle measured in the analysis.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Interpret <em>Xmax<\/em> carefully when rare oversize particles are important. The result can only represent large particles that were included and correctly measured in the sampled imagery.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>In WipFrag:&nbsp; <strong><em>Xmax<\/em> = largest particle size <em>before<\/em> any calibration is applied.<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4,\"anchor\":\"h-b\"} -->\n<h4 id=\"h-b\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>b<\/em><\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>b<\/em> is the Swebrec curve-undulation parameter.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>It helps describe the shape of the fitted Swebrec distribution.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Unlike a D-value, <em>b<\/em> is usually most useful as part of the fitted distribution or when comparing consistently generated results, rather than as a standalone operating target.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>In WipFrag:&nbsp; <strong><em>b<\/em> = curve-undulation parameter <em>before<\/em> any calibration is applied.<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\">1. Start With the WipFrag Chart<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\">2. Read the Particle Size Distribution Curve<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\">3. Understand D-Values<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\">4. Understand the WipFrag Statistics<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\">5. Read the Histogram and Size Classes<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\">6. Use the Specification Envelope<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\">7. Review Particle Size Visually<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\">8. Interpret Particle Shape and Colour Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\">9. Combine and Compare Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\">10. Calibration, Fines and Measurement Limits<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\">11. Turn WipFrag Results Into Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\">12. Spatial Results for UAV Analysis<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\">13. Export and Record Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\">WipFrag Results Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Read the Histogram and Size Classes<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>While the PSD curve shows the cumulative distribution, the histogram <strong>divides the material into individual size classes<\/strong> to provide a different view of the material.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipFrag supports up to 25 size classes which can be configured around the sizes that matter to the application.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-review-individual-size-classes\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-review-individual-size-classes\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Review individual size classes<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"40%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:40%\"><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For a selected size class in the histogram, WipFrag can provide information including:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Particles<\/strong>\u2014 the number of measured particles within that size class;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Passing<\/strong> \u2014 the cumulative percentage of analyzed material smaller than the selected size;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Retained<\/strong> \u2014 the cumulative percentage of analyzed material larger than the selected size;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Class Retained<\/strong> \u2014 the percentage of material contained within that individual size class;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Sphericity<\/strong> \u2014 the average sphericity of particles in that size class; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>On Spec<\/strong> \u2014 whether that size class is on spec (when a specification envelope has been defined).<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"60%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:60%\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":11023,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Histogram-Size-Class.png\" alt=\"A diagram of WipFrag's histogram and size classes and their relation.\" class=\"wp-image-11023\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-look-at-the-shape-of-the-histogram\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-look-at-the-shape-of-the-histogram\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Look at the shape of the histogram<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Do NOT look only at the tallest bar.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Consider:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Where the material is concentrated:<\/strong>&nbsp; which size classes contain the largest retained proportion.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Distribution width:<\/strong>&nbsp; a narrow grouping indicates material concentrated within a smaller size range, while a broad histogram indicates a wider mixture of sizes.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Fine and coarse tails:<\/strong>&nbsp; material extending toward either end of the histogram can be important even when it does NOT dominate the distribution.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The desired histogram shape depends on the application. A broad distribution is NOT automatically poor, and a narrow distribution is NOT automatically better.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-choose-meaningful-size-classes\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-choose-meaningful-size-classes\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Choose meaningful size classes<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Whenever practical, define size classes around real operating limits such as:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>screen openings;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>crusher or process thresholds;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>product specifications;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>oversize limits;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>laboratory sieve sizes; or<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>other meaningful control points.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Whenever possible, the size classes should represent real decision points rather than arbitrary intervals.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\">1. Start With the WipFrag Chart<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\">2. Read the Particle Size Distribution Curve<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\">3. Understand D-Values<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\">4. Understand the WipFrag Statistics<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\">5. Read the Histogram and Size Classes<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\">6. Use the Specification Envelope<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\">7. Review Particle Size Visually<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\">8. Interpret Particle Shape and Colour Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\">9. Combine and Compare Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\">10. Calibration, Fines and Measurement Limits<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\">11. Turn WipFrag Results Into Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\">12. Spatial Results for UAV Analysis<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\">13. Export and Record Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\">WipFrag Results Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. Use the Specification Envelope<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The <strong>Specification Envelope<\/strong> allows a target range to be placed directly on the WipFrag PSD chart.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"40%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\" style=\"flex-basis:40%\"><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For selected size classes, define:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>a <strong>minimum<\/strong> acceptable percentage passing; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>a <strong>maximum<\/strong> acceptable percentage passing.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipFrag displays the resulting target as a yellow envelope and identifies whether the result falls within the defined specification.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"60%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\" style=\"flex-basis:60%\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":11024,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Specification-Envelope-Comparison.png\" alt=\"A diagram of WipFrag's specification envelope showing on-spec and off-spec values.\" class=\"wp-image-11024\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-why-use-an-envelope\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-why-use-an-envelope\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why use an envelope?<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A specification envelope moves interpretation beyond:&nbsp; <strong>\u201cIs this material finer or coarser?\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>and toward:&nbsp; <strong>\u201cDoes this distribution meet the required operating range?\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use it when the application has known limits for:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>product sizing;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>crusher feed;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>screening;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>blast fragmentation;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>process control; or<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>quality assurance.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong><br><\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-interpret-the-entire-envelope\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-interpret-the-entire-envelope\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Interpret the entire envelope<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A result may meet the target through one part of the distribution and fall outside it elsewhere.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Look at where the curve leaves the envelope.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>That indicates whether the difference is concentrated toward:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>the finer material;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>the middle of the distribution; or<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>the coarse material.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                REMEMBER\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                <b>The specification envelope is user-defined.<\/b> WipFrag tells you whether the result meets the limits you entered; it does NOT determine what the correct operational limits should be.\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\">1. Start With the WipFrag Chart<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\">2. Read the Particle Size Distribution Curve<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\">3. Understand D-Values<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\">4. Understand the WipFrag Statistics<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\">5. Read the Histogram and Size Classes<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\">6. Use the Specification Envelope<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\">7. Review Particle Size Visually<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\">8. Interpret Particle Shape and Colour Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\">9. Combine and Compare Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\">10. Calibration, Fines and Measurement Limits<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\">11. Turn WipFrag Results Into Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\">12. Spatial Results for UAV Analysis<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\">13. Export and Record Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\">WipFrag Results Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-7-review-particle-size-visually\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-7-review-particle-size-visually\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. Review Particle Size Visually<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The PSD curve and histogram summarize the measured particle size distribution, but WipFrag also provides tools for visually relating those results back to the analyzed image.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns\"><!-- wp:column {\"width\":\"40%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\" style=\"flex-basis:40%\"><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-edit-assist\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-edit-assist\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Edit Assist<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipFrag's Edit Assist can highlight:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Largest by Count<\/strong>:&nbsp; a selected number of the largest measured particles.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Largest by Size<\/strong>:&nbsp; all measured particles larger than a user-defined size.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"width\":\"60%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\" style=\"flex-basis:60%\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":11025,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Edit-Assist-Size.png\" alt=\"WipFrag Edit Assist feature with the largest particles by size threshold highlighted at +150mm.\" class=\"wp-image-11025\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use Edit Assist to:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>locate individual oversized particles or particles above a defined size;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>distinguish isolated oversize from a generally coarse distribution;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>identify where the largest measured particles occur in the source image; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>review whether those particles have been delineated correctly.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-block-colours\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-block-colours\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Block Colours<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipFrag can also colour the delineated particles according to their measured size. Larger particles are shown with progressively hotter colours (redder), while smaller particles appear cooler (bluer).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Block Colours can help you:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>see how coarse and fine material is distributed through the image;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>identify areas containing relatively larger particles;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>spot areas worth reviewing more closely;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>relate the PSD and histogram back to the source image; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>visually check whether the measured size pattern makes sense.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"66%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:66%\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":11026,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Block-Colours-Comparison-1024x512.png\" alt=\"The same image compared with and without Block Colours feature\" class=\"wp-image-11026\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"34%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:34%\"><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Particles that are NOT fully contained within the image and user-defined Area of Interest will NOT be included in the analysis.<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The Block Colours feature can help you quickly establish which particles have been included.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Block Colours are also a visual interpretation aid. They do NOT replace the PSD curve, histogram, or numerical size results.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\">1. Start With the WipFrag Chart<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\">2. Read the Particle Size Distribution Curve<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\">3. Understand D-Values<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\">4. Understand the WipFrag Statistics<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\">5. Read the Histogram and Size Classes<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\">6. Use the Specification Envelope<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\">7. Review Particle Size Visually<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\">8. Interpret Particle Shape and Colour Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\">9. Combine and Compare Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\">10. Calibration, Fines and Measurement Limits<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\">11. Turn WipFrag Results Into Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\">12. Spatial Results for UAV Analysis<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\">13. Export and Record Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\">WipFrag Results Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">8. Interpret Particle Shape and Colour Results<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-sphericity-through-the-distribution\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-sphericity-through-the-distribution\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sphericity through the distribution<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>In addition to the overall Sphericity statistic, WipFrag can display sphericity markers through the histogram.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These show how apparent particle shape changes across the measured size classes.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This can help answer questions such as:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Are the larger particles more elongated than the smaller material?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Is particle shape changing with size?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Did a process change affect both size and shape?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use the sphericity information together with the histogram and PSD rather than treating it as a separate quality score.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The desired shape depends on the application. Higher sphericity is NOT automatically better.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-colour-id\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-colour-id\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Colour ID<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>When Colour ID has been configured during the analysis, WipFrag can report the percentage of material matching the user-defined colour profile.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Up to two Colour IDs can be defined.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use Colour ID when colour itself is a useful visual discriminator within the application.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Examples may include:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>visually distinct material types;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>contamination;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>dilution;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>product colour differences; or<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>other user-defined colour classes.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Colour ID is a <strong>colour-match measurement<\/strong>. It should NOT be interpreted as chemical, mineralogical, or object identification unless the colour relationship has been established separately for the application.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\">1. Start With the WipFrag Chart<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\">2. Read the Particle Size Distribution Curve<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\">3. Understand D-Values<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\">4. Understand the WipFrag Statistics<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\">5. Read the Histogram and Size Classes<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\">6. Use the Specification Envelope<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\">7. Review Particle Size Visually<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\">8. Interpret Particle Shape and Colour Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\">9. Combine and Compare Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\">10. Calibration, Fines and Measurement Limits<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\">11. Turn WipFrag Results Into Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\">12. Spatial Results for UAV Analysis<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\">13. Export and Record Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\">WipFrag Results Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-9-combine-and-compare-results\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-9-combine-and-compare-results\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">9. Combine and Compare Results<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>One image often represents only part of a larger sample. Where several images have been captured as representative samples of the <strong>same material population<\/strong>, WipFrag can combine analyses into a merged result.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-when-to-merge\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-when-to-merge\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">When to merge<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Merge results when several analyses were intentionally collected to represent:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>one blast;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>one pile;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>one stockpile;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>one laboratory sample;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>one production period; or<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>another defined sample population.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The merged result provides a broader PSD than relying on one individual image.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-when-not-to-merge\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-when-not-to-merge\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">When NOT to merge<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Do NOT merge samples simply because they are available. Keep analyses separate when the purpose is to compare:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>different blasts;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>different operating conditions;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>different material types;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>different process stages;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>different geological areas; or<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>different time periods.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Otherwise, the differences you are trying to observe may disappear into the combined distribution.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-compare-like-with-like\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-compare-like-with-like\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Compare like with like<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>When tracking changes, keep the sampling and analysis method as consistent as practical. Differences in the following variables can influence the result independently of a true change in the material:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>viewing distance;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>sample location;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>image resolution;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>scaling;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>lighting;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>analysis method; or<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>particle-size visibility.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipfrag-image-capture-and-sampling-guide\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"10311\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Image Capture and Sampling Guide<\/a><\/strong> to help design a repeatable sampling program.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-choose-what-you-need-to-track\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-choose-what-you-need-to-track\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Choose what you need to track<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Avoid collecting numbers simply because they are available. Before establishing a baseline or beginning a comparison study, decide which WipFrag results truly matter to the decision. Useful measurements may include:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>D50 or D80;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">another application-specific D-value;<\/span><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">percentage passing a defined size;<\/span><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">percentage above an oversize threshold;<\/span><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">material within a selected size range;<\/span><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">uniformity coefficient;<\/span><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">sphericity;<\/span><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">Colour ID;<\/span><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">specification status; or<\/span><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>another defined site or process KPI.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Choose measurements that relate directly to the process, product, study, or operating objective, then use those measurements consistently throughout the comparison.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-build-a-baseline\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-build-a-baseline\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Build a baseline<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Once the measurements that matter have been selected, establish their normal range before using them to judge process changes.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A single comparison can show that two samples are different. A series of representative measurements collected under normal operating conditions provides much stronger context.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Where practical, establish a baseline from several representative analyses collected under normal operating conditions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Then track the results that matter to the application, such as:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>D50;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>D80;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>percentage above or below a process threshold;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>uniformity coefficient;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>sphericity;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>specification status;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Colour ID; or<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>another site-specific KPI.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This makes it easier to distinguish normal variation from a meaningful process change.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                REMEMBER\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                <b>A trend is usually more useful than an isolated number.<\/b>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\">1. Start With the WipFrag Chart<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\">2. Read the Particle Size Distribution Curve<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\">3. Understand D-Values<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\">4. Understand the WipFrag Statistics<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\">5. Read the Histogram and Size Classes<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\">6. Use the Specification Envelope<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\">7. Review Particle Size Visually<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\">8. Interpret Particle Shape and Colour Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\">9. Combine and Compare Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\">10. Calibration, Fines and Measurement Limits<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\">11. Turn WipFrag Results Into Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\">12. Spatial Results for UAV Analysis<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\">13. Export and Record Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\">WipFrag Results Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">10. Calibration, Fines and Measurement Limits<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A WipFrag result must always be interpreted within the limits of the imagery and sampling used to create it.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-wipfrag-can-only-measure-what-is-represented\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-wipfrag-can-only-measure-what-is-represented\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">WipFrag can only measure what is represented<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The chart does NOT create information that was absent from the sample.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>If the imagery did NOT adequately represent:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>the largest particles;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>the smallest particles;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>a segregated portion of the sample; or<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>another important part of the material,<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>the PSD may NOT fully represent the complete material population.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-the-fine-end\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-the-fine-end\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">The fine end<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Fine particles are especially dependent on image resolution and visibility.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>If individual particles cannot be distinguished in the original image, they cannot be directly measured from that image.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For broad particle size distributions, use additional closer images where appropriate rather than expecting one wide image to resolve every relevant size.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The <strong>Zoom-Merge<\/strong> approach can combine analyses captured at different scales of observation to better represent broad distributions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4,\"anchor\":\"h-zoom-merge\"} -->\n<h4 id=\"h-zoom-merge\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Zoom-Merge<\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Zoom-Merge combines analyses captured at different scales of observation. Wider images represent larger particles, while closer images improve the visibility of smaller particles that may be below the resolution of the wider view.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The results can then be merged to provide a more representative particle size distribution when the material contains a broad range of sizes.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-relative-results-versus-calibrated-results\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-relative-results-versus-calibrated-results\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Relative results versus calibrated results<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipFrag results can be valuable for comparative measurement even without calibration when the sampling and analysis method remains consistent.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, repeated analyses can show whether material is trending:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>coarser;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>finer;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>broader;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>narrower;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>more or less elongated; or<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>toward or away from an operating target.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For many monitoring applications, the consistency of the measurement method is what makes the trend useful.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Calibration becomes important when the WipFrag result needs to correspond more closely with a physical sieve reference.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-calibration\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-calibration\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Calibration<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipFrag results can be calibrated using the <strong>Swebrec<\/strong>, <strong>Rosin-Rammler<\/strong> or <strong>xP-Fan<\/strong> models.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":11027,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-default\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-style-default\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Calibration-Options.png\" alt=\"The 3 calibration options for WipFrag analysis results.\" class=\"wp-image-11027\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4,\"anchor\":\"h-fines-target\"} -->\n<h4 id=\"h-fines-target\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Fines Target<\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>xP-Fan calibration is <strong>only for blast fragmentation<\/strong> results. It requires a user selection of high, medium, or low fines for the image sample being analyzed. The resulting xP-Fan equation will be displayed on the chart.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4,\"anchor\":\"h-sieve-target\"} -->\n<h4 id=\"h-sieve-target\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sieve Target<\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Sieve calibration with Swebrec or Rosin-Rammler requires:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>real-world sieve results<\/strong> from the material; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>WipFrag analysis of <strong>the same material<\/strong> that was sieved.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The sieve and image-analysis data can then be used to calculate a correction using the available calibration models.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-use-calibration-when\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-use-calibration-when\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Use calibration when<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>long-term results need to correlate with a physical sieve reference;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">a repeatable production application has been established;<\/span><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">representative sieve data are available; or<\/span><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>the image-based result needs to be adjusted to an agreed physical reference method.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-do-not-use-calibration-to-compensate-for-poor-sampling\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-do-not-use-calibration-to-compensate-for-poor-sampling\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Do NOT use calibration to compensate for poor sampling<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Calibration cannot correct an image that did NOT represent the material in the first place.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Good sampling and image capture still come first. You can read the <strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipfrag-image-capture-and-sampling-guide\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"10311\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Image Capture and Sampling Guide<\/a><\/strong><\/strong> for a good starting point before the analysis process begins.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                IMPORTANT\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                <b>Sampling determines what material is represented. Calibration adjusts how that measured distribution relates to a reference.<\/b> They solve different problems.\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\">1. Start With the WipFrag Chart<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\">2. Read the Particle Size Distribution Curve<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\">3. Understand D-Values<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\">4. Understand the WipFrag Statistics<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\">5. Read the Histogram and Size Classes<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\">6. Use the Specification Envelope<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\">7. Review Particle Size Visually<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\">8. Interpret Particle Shape and Colour Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\">9. Combine and Compare Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\">10. Calibration, Fines and Measurement Limits<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\">11. Turn WipFrag Results Into Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\">12. Spatial Results for UAV Analysis<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\">13. Export and Record Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\">WipFrag Results Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">11. Turn WipFrag Results Into Decisions<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The purpose of WipFrag results is NOT simply to produce a PSD curve.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use the output to answer a defined operational or technical question.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-is-the-material-becoming-coarser-or-finer\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-is-the-material-becoming-coarser-or-finer\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Is the material becoming coarser or finer?<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Compare:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>D50;<ul><li>D80;<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>other relevant D-values; and<\/li><\/ul><!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>the overall PSD curve.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list --><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Do NOT rely on one percentile alone when the full distribution matters.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-how-much-material-is-below-a-process-threshold\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-how-much-material-is-below-a-process-threshold\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">How much material is below a process threshold?<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use <strong>percentage passing<\/strong> at the relevant size.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, if a process limit is 75 mm, determine the percentage passing 75 mm directly from the curve or histogram. The remaining percentage is above that size.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-how-much-oversize-is-present\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-how-much-oversize-is-present\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">How much oversize is present?<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Define the oversize threshold as a relevant size class.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use the percentage above that threshold rather than relying only on <em>Xmax<\/em> or the largest measured particle.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>Xmax<\/em> tells you about the largest particle measured; it does NOT tell you how much oversize material exists.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>If the number and location of individual oversized particles matters, use Edit Assist in addition to the percentage result.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-is-the-distribution-becoming-more-or-less-uniform\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-is-the-distribution-becoming-more-or-less-uniform\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Is the distribution becoming more or less uniform?<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Review:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>the shape of the PSD curve;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">the histogram; and<\/span><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>the Rosin-Rammler <em>n<\/em> value.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Higher <em>n<\/em> indicates a narrower size distribution.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-is-the-result-meeting-the-operating-target\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-is-the-result-meeting-the-operating-target\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Is the result meeting the operating target?<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use the <strong>specification envelope<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This provides a direct comparison between the measured PSD and the defined minimum and maximum passing limits.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-has-particle-shape-changed\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-has-particle-shape-changed\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Has particle shape changed?<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Compare sphericity under consistent sampling and analysis conditions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Review both the average result and the sphericity through the size classes where appropriate.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-is-colour-related-material-changing\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-is-colour-related-material-changing\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Is colour-related material changing?<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Where Colour ID has been deliberately configured for the application, compare the percentage matching the defined colour profiles.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-are-coarse-particles-concentrated-in-one-part-of-the-sample\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-are-coarse-particles-concentrated-in-one-part-of-the-sample\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Are coarse particles concentrated in one part of the sample?<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Block Colours;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>oversize highlighting;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>the original image; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>spatial results where available.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This can help distinguish a generally coarse sample from a localized coarse zone.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-what-caused-the-result\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-what-caused-the-result\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">What caused the result?<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipFrag measures the resulting material characteristics.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The PSD can show that material became:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>coarser;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>finer;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>broader;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>narrower;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>more elongated;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>less elongated; or<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>different in colour.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>It does NOT, by itself, establish the cause.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>To determine why the result changed, compare WipFrag data with the appropriate context, such as:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>drill-and-blast records;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>geology;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>crusher settings;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>screen configuration;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>feed rate;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>process conditions;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>material source; or<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>other operating data.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                REMEMBER\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                <b>Measure first. Diagnose second.<\/b> Use WipFrag to establish what changed, then use the relevant operating information to investigate why.            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\">1. Start With the WipFrag Chart<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\">2. Read the Particle Size Distribution Curve<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\">3. Understand D-Values<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\">4. Understand the WipFrag Statistics<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\">5. Read the Histogram and Size Classes<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\">6. Use the Specification Envelope<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\">7. Review Particle Size Visually<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\">8. Interpret Particle Shape and Colour Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\">9. Combine and Compare Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\">10. Calibration, Fines and Measurement Limits<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\">11. Turn WipFrag Results Into Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\">12. Spatial Results for UAV Analysis<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\">13. Export and Record Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\">WipFrag Results Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">12. Spatial Results for UAV Analysis<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"50%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For UAV analyses with location information, WipFrag can display results spatially using the GIS heatmap.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Depending on the selected result, the heatmap can show spatial changes in values such as:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>D80;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">D95;<\/span><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">Xc;<\/span><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">sphericity;<\/span><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">uniformity; and<\/span><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Colour ID.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This can help identify where the material differs across a large sampled area rather than reducing the entire area to one merged value.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"50%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":11028,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-UAV-GIS-Heatmap.png\" alt=\"A screenshot of WipFrag's GIS feature showing the heatmap of a UAV orthomosaic image analysis.\" class=\"wp-image-11028\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-interpret-heatmaps-relative-to-the-target\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-interpret-heatmaps-relative-to-the-target\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Interpret heatmaps relative to the target<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Heatmap colours indicate relative differences in the selected result.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For particle-size outputs, hotter colours generally represent larger values, and cooler colours represent smaller values.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For other measurements, the colour relationship depends on the selected result.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Do NOT assume that a visually hot or cold area is automatically good or bad.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, larger particle size may be undesirable in one application and acceptable or expected in another.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use the heatmap to identify <strong>where values differ<\/strong>, then interpret those differences against the operating target and sampling context.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-use-spatial-results-to-investigate-variation\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-use-spatial-results-to-investigate-variation\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Use spatial results to investigate variation<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Spatial results can help identify:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>coarse or fine zones;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">changing uniformity across a blast;<\/span><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">areas with different apparent particle shape;<\/span><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">colour-related variation; or<\/span><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>locations that should be reviewed against drill, blast, geological, or process information.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The heatmap helps locate the variation. It does NOT, by itself, explain the cause.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\">1. Start With the WipFrag Chart<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\">2. Read the Particle Size Distribution Curve<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\">3. Understand D-Values<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\">4. Understand the WipFrag Statistics<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\">5. Read the Histogram and Size Classes<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\">6. Use the Specification Envelope<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\">7. Review Particle Size Visually<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\">8. Interpret Particle Shape and Colour Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\">9. Combine and Compare Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\">10. Calibration, Fines and Measurement Limits<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\">11. Turn WipFrag Results Into Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\">12. Spatial Results for UAV Analysis<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\">13. Export and Record Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\">WipFrag Results Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:columns {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"60%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:60%\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-13-export-and-record-results\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-13-export-and-record-results\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">13. Export and Record Results<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipFrag results can be exported for reporting, analysis, and record keeping.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Available output formats include:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>PDF:<\/strong>&nbsp; formatted report or chart output.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>PNG:<\/strong>&nbsp; image output for presentations, reports, or documentation.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>CSV:<\/strong>&nbsp; numerical result data for use in spreadsheets, databases, or other analysis tools.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>ANA:&nbsp;<\/strong> the WipFrag analysis file, preserving the analysis for later use or sharing.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For projects containing merged analyses, individual ANA export is NOT available as a single project file.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"40%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:40%\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":11029,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-default\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-style-default\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Export-Options.png\" alt=\"The export options for WipFrag analysis data.\" class=\"wp-image-11029\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"60%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:60%\"><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-keep-enough-context-with-the-result\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-keep-enough-context-with-the-result\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Keep enough context with the result<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>When results will be compared later, retain information such as:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>sample or project name;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>date;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>location;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>material or source;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>operating condition;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>capture method;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>relevant process or blast settings; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>any other information needed to understand what the result represents.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use clear and consistent naming when results will become part of a longer-term monitoring program.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A PSD without its sampling and operating context can be difficult to interpret later.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"40%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:40%\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":11030,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"className\":\"is-style-default\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-style-default\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-PDF-Report-Preview.png\" alt=\"PDF report preview from WipFrag\" class=\"wp-image-11030\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\">1. Start With the WipFrag Chart<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\">2. Read the Particle Size Distribution Curve<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\">3. Understand D-Values<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\">4. Understand the WipFrag Statistics<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\">5. Read the Histogram and Size Classes<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\">6. Use the Specification Envelope<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\">7. Review Particle Size Visually<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\">8. Interpret Particle Shape and Colour Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\">9. Combine and Compare Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\">10. Calibration, Fines and Measurement Limits<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\">11. Turn WipFrag Results Into Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\">12. Spatial Results for UAV Analysis<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\">13. Export and Record Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\">WipFrag Results Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">WipFrag Results Quick Reference<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-start-with-the-curve\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-start-with-the-curve\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Start With the Curve<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>What material or sample does this result represent?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>What decision am I trying to make?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Is the PSD generally where I expected it to be?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Is there a defined target, baseline, or previous result for comparison?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-check-the-key-sizes\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-check-the-key-sizes\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Check the Key Sizes<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>D50:<\/strong> 50% passing size.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>D80:<\/strong> 80% passing size.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Other D-values<\/strong> \u2013 Use the percentile that matters to the application.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong><em>Xc<\/em>:<\/strong>&nbsp; Rosin-Rammler characteristic size; equivalent to D63.2.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong><em>X50<\/em>:<\/strong> Swebrec 50% passing size; equivalent to D50.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong><em>Xmax<\/em>:<\/strong>&nbsp; Largest particle measured \/ Swebrec maximum size.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-check-the-distribution\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-check-the-distribution\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Check the Distribution<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong><em>n<\/em>:<\/strong>&nbsp; Is the distribution becoming narrower or broader?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Histogram:<\/strong> &nbsp;Which size ranges contain the material?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Histogram width:&nbsp;<\/strong> Is the distribution concentrated or spread across a wide size range?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Fine \/ coarse tails:&nbsp;<\/strong> Is significant material present at either end?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Percentage Passing:&nbsp;<\/strong> How much is below the operational threshold?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Percentage Retained:&nbsp;<\/strong> How much lies within the selected size ranges?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-check-oversize\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-check-oversize\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Check Oversize<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>What size defines oversize for this application?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>What percentage is above that threshold?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>How many individual particles exceed the threshold?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Are those particles isolated or widespread?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Have the largest particles been delineated correctly?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-check-other-measurements\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-check-other-measurements\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Check Other Measurements<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Sphericity:<\/strong>&nbsp; Has apparent particle shape changed?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Sphericity through the histogram:<\/strong>&nbsp; Does shape vary by particle size?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Colour ID:<\/strong>&nbsp; Has the user-defined colour proportion changed?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Coverage \/ Particles:<\/strong>&nbsp; Do the supporting analysis statistics make sense?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-check-against-the-target\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-check-against-the-target\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Check Against the Target<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Is a specification envelope available?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Where does the curve meet or leave the target range?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Is the difference at the fine, middle, or coarse end?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-check-the-measurement\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-check-the-measurement\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Check the Measurement<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Were the images representative?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Were the important particle sizes visible?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Should several analyses be merged?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Is this a relative comparison or does it need calibration?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Is suitable sieve data available if calibration is required?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Does the result need to be compared with process, geological, or blast data?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-look-for-trends\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-look-for-trends\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Look for Trends<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Is there a baseline for normal operation?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Is this result outside normal variation?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Is the change persistent across several analyses?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Were the samples collected using a comparable method?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-record-the-result\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-record-the-result\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Record the Result<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Export the required PDF, PNG, CSV, or ANA file.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Keep the sample identity and operating context with the result.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Use consistent naming for future comparison.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<style>\n\/* =========================================================\n   MOBILE LAYOUT\n   DO column stacks above AVOID column.\n   Desktop\/tablet layout remains side-by-side.\n   ========================================================= *\/\n\n@media (max-width: 600px) {\n\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table {\n        display: block;\n        width: 100%;\n        border-collapse: separate;\n    }\n\n    \/* Hide desktop header *\/\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table thead {\n        display: none;\n    }\n\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tbody,\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tr {\n        display: block;\n        width: 100%;\n    }\n\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table td {\n        display: block;\n        width: 100% !important;\n        box-sizing: border-box;\n        padding: 12px 16px !important;\n        font-size: 16px !important;\n        line-height: 1.45;\n    }\n\n    \/* Remove desktop centre divider *\/\n    #general-do-avoid .do-column {\n        border-right: none !important;\n    }\n\n    \/* Mobile DO header *\/\n    #general-do-avoid .do-column::before {\n        content: \"WIPFRAG RESULTS \u2013 DO\";\n        display: block;\n        margin: -12px -16px 12px -16px;\n        padding: 9px 16px;\n        background-color: #00b050;\n        color: #ffffff;\n        font-size: 20px;\n        font-weight: bold;\n        text-align: center;\n        border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n    }\n\n    \/* Thick divider before AVOID section *\/\n    #general-do-avoid .avoid-column {\n        border-top: 3pt solid #000000;\n    }\n\n    \/* Mobile AVOID header *\/\n    #general-do-avoid .avoid-column::before {\n        content: \"WIPFRAG RESULTS \u2013 AVOID\";\n        display: block;\n        margin: -12px -16px 12px -16px;\n        padding: 9px 16px;\n        background-color: #ee0000;\n        color: #ffffff;\n        font-size: 20px;\n        font-weight: bold;\n        text-align: center;\n        border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n    }\n}\n<\/style>\n\n\n<div id=\"general-do-avoid\">\n\n<table class=\"do-avoid-table\" style=\"\n    width:100%;\n    border-collapse:collapse;\n    border:3pt solid #000000;\n    font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n\n    <!-- =====================================================\n         HEADER ROW\n         ===================================================== -->\n    <thead>\n        <tr>\n            <th style=\"\n                width:50%;\n                background-color:#00b050;\n                color:#ffffff;\n                font-size:22px;\n                font-weight:bold;\n                text-align:center;\n                padding:12px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n                border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                WIPFRAG RESULTS \u2013 DO\n            <\/th>\n\n            <th style=\"\n                width:50%;\n                background-color:#ee0000;\n                color:#ffffff;\n                font-size:22px;\n                font-weight:bold;\n                text-align:center;\n                padding:12px 16px;\n                border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                WIPFRAG RESULTS \u2013 AVOID\n            <\/th>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/thead>\n\n\n    <!-- =====================================================\n         SINGLE CONTENT ROW\n         ===================================================== -->\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n\n            <!-- =================================================\n                 DO COLUMN\n                 Add\/remove DO items here.\n                 ================================================= -->\n            <td class=\"do-column\" style=\"\n                width:50%;\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n                vertical-align:top;\n            \">\n\n                <!-- ===== DO 1 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Start with the operational or technical question.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== DO 2 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Read the full PSD curve, NOT only one statistic.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== DO 3 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use D-values that are meaningful to the application.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== DO 4 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use percentage passing at real process thresholds.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== DO 5 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use the histogram to understand individual size ranges.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== DO 6 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Look at both the centre and tails of the distribution.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== DO 7 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use <i>n<\/i> when distribution uniformity matters.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== DO 8 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use the specification envelope when defined targets are available.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== DO 9 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use Edit Assist when individual oversize particles matter.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== DO 10 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use Block Colours to relate numerical sizes back to the image.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== DO 11 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Compare results collected using consistent sampling methods.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== DO 12 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Build a baseline before drawing conclusions from normal variation.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== DO 13 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Merge analyses that represent the same intended sample population.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== DO 14 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Keep sampling and operating context with exported results.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== DO 15 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use calibration when suitable reference data are available.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== DO 16 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Review the original image whenever a result appears unusual.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n            <\/td>\n\n\n            <!-- =================================================\n                 AVOID COLUMN\n                 Add\/remove AVOID items here.\n                 ================================================= -->\n            <td class=\"avoid-column\" style=\"\n                width:50%;\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                vertical-align:top;\n            \">\n\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 1 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Treating smaller particle size as automatically better.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 2 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Considering D50 as an arithmetic mean.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 3 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Using one D-value to describe every aspect of the PSD.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 4 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Using <i>Xmax<\/i> alone to describe oversize.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 5 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Confusing particle count with percentage of material.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 6 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Assuming a narrow distribution is always preferable.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 7 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Treating sphericity as a universal quality score.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 8 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Assuming a PSD explains why a process changed.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 9 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Comparing results without considering how the samples were captured.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 10 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Merging fundamentally different samples into one result.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 11 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Over-interpreting particles near or below the image resolution.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 12 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Using calibration to compensate for unrepresentative sampling.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 13 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Treating Block Colours or GIS heatmaps as good\/bad indicators without an application target.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 14 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Treating Colour ID as chemical or material identification without application-specific validation.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n            <\/td>\n\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n\n<\/table>\n\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                MORE INFORMATION\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                For image capture, sampling, and scaling guidance, refer to the <b><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipfrag-image-capture-and-sampling-guide\/\">Image Capture and Sampling Guide<\/a>.<\/b> For all software controls and configurations refer to the latest <b><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=6685\">WipFrag User Manual<\/a>.<\/b>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\",\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"center\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\">1. Start With the WipFrag Chart<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\">2. Read the Particle Size Distribution Curve<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\">3. Understand D-Values<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\">4. Understand the WipFrag Statistics<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\">5. Read the Histogram and Size Classes<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\">6. Use the Specification Envelope<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\">7. Review Particle Size Visually<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\">8. Interpret Particle Shape and Colour Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\">9. Combine and Compare Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\">10. Calibration, Fines and Measurement Limits<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\">11. Turn WipFrag Results Into Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\">12. Spatial Results for UAV Analysis<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\">13. Export and Record Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\">WipFrag Results Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:buttons {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons\"><!-- wp:button -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=11046\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PDF \u2b73<\/a><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:button --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:buttons --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator {\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-thick\",\"anchor\":\"h-related-articles\"} -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator aligncenter has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-thick\" id=\"h-related-articles\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->","post_title":"Results Interpretation Guide","post_excerpt":"A practical guide to understanding particle size distribution, shape and WipFrag analysis results","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"wipfrag-results-interpretation-guide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2026-10-09 15:19:11","post_modified_gmt":"2026-10-09 19:19:11","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=10998","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"4","filter":"raw"},{"ID":10847,"post_author":"20","post_date":"2026-10-02 14:15:03","post_date_gmt":"2026-10-02 18:15:03","post_content":"<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"width\":\"100%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\" style=\"flex-basis:100%\"><!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"space-between\",\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:post-excerpt {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fill\",\"flexSize\":null},\"typography\":{\"fontStyle\":\"italic\",\"fontWeight\":\"700\"}}} \/-->\n\n<!-- wp:buttons {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons\"><!-- wp:button -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=10974\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PDF \u2b73<\/a><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:button --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:buttons --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"20px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"20px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:yoast-seo\/table-of-contents {\"level\":3,\"maxHeadingLevel\":2} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-yoast-seo-table-of-contents yoast-table-of-contents\"><h3>Contents<\/h3><ul><li><a href=\"#h-introduction-to-blastcast\" data-level=\"2\">Introduction to BlastCast<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-1-before-you-begin\" data-level=\"2\">1. Before You Begin<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-2-calibrate-blastcast-to-your-current-blast\" data-level=\"2\">2. Calibrate BlastCast to Your Current Blast<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-3-test-changes-to-blast-parameters\" data-level=\"2\">3. Test Changes to Blast Parameters<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-4-blastcast-parameters-explained\" data-level=\"2\">4. BlastCast Parameters Explained<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-5-using-and-interpreting-the-prediction\" data-level=\"2\">5. Using and Interpreting the Prediction<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-blastcast-quick-reference\" data-level=\"2\">BlastCast Quick Reference<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:yoast-seo\/table-of-contents -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-introduction-to-blastcast\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-introduction-to-blastcast\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Introduction to BlastCast<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>BlastCast is a <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/wipfrag\/\" data-type=\"products\" data-id=\"36\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">WipFrag<\/a> tool for comparing measured fragmentation with a predicted particle size distribution based on blast design and loading parameters.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The basic workflow is:  <strong>Measure &nbsp;&nbsp;\u2192&nbsp; &nbsp;Calibrate &nbsp;&nbsp;\u2192&nbsp; &nbsp;Predict<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>First, analyze the fragmentation from a completed surface blast in WipFrag. Enter the parameters that were actually used for that blast and use them to calibrate the Rock Factor. Once calibrated, keep the Rock Factor fixed and adjust the controllable blast parameters to see how the predicted particle size distribution changes.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>BlastCast displays two curves:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item {\"style\":{\"elements\":{\"link\":{\"color\":{\"text\":\"var:preset|color|vivid-cyan-blue\"}}}},\"textColor\":\"vivid-cyan-blue\"} -->\n<li class=\"has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color has-link-color\"><strong>Blue \u2013 Measured Fragmentation<\/strong>:  The particle size distribution measured from the completed blast in WipFrag.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item {\"style\":{\"elements\":{\"link\":{\"color\":{\"text\":\"var:preset|color|vivid-red\"}}}},\"textColor\":\"vivid-red\"} -->\n<li class=\"has-vivid-red-color has-text-color has-link-color\"><strong>Red \u2013 Predicted Fragmentation<\/strong>:  The particle size distribution calculated by BlastCast from the current model inputs.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Changing the blast parameters moves the predicted curve. Your measured WipFrag result remains the reference. For help reading the measured PSD, D-values and other standard WipFrag results, refer to the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipfrag-results-interpretation-guide\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"10998\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Results Interpretation Guide<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":10909,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/WipFrag-BlastCast-Red-Blue-Curves-Labelled-1024x610.png\" alt=\"A BlastCast chart in WipFrag with the blue measured curve and red predicted curve labelled\" class=\"wp-image-10909\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-what-blastcast-is-for\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-what-blastcast-is-for\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">What BlastCast is for<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use BlastCast to:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>compare predicted fragmentation with measured surface blast results;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>calibrate the prediction to local rock conditions;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>explore changes to burden, spacing, hole diameter, explosives, and other blast parameters; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>compare possible blast scenarios before applying changes in the field.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>BlastCast is a prediction and comparison tool. It does NOT replace blast design procedures, engineering judgement, site standards, or the requirements of qualified blasting personnel.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                REMEMBER\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                <b>BlastCast is designed for surface blasts.<\/b> It can NOT be used to predict fragmentation for underground blasts.\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#top\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#top\">Top of Page<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-introduction-to-blastcast\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-introduction-to-blastcast\">Introduction to BlastCast<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-before-you-begin\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-before-you-begin\">1. Before You Begin<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-calibrate-blastcast-to-your-current-blast\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-calibrate-blastcast-to-your-current-blast\">2. Calibrate BlastCast to Your Current Blast<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-test-changes-to-blast-parameters\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-test-changes-to-blast-parameters\">3. Test Changes to Blast Parameters<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-blastcast-parameters-explained\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-blastcast-parameters-explained\">4. BlastCast Parameters Explained<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-using-and-interpreting-the-prediction\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-using-and-interpreting-the-prediction\">5. Using and Interpreting the Prediction<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-blastcast-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-blastcast-quick-reference\">BlastCast Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-1-before-you-begin\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-1-before-you-begin\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Before You Begin<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>BlastCast works best when it starts with a representative WipFrag analysis and reliable information about the blast that produced it.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Before opening BlastCast, have the following ready:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>A completed WipFrag fragmentation analysis<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Use representative images from the blast and complete the analysis as normal<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list --><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>The actual blast parameters<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">Use the values that were used in the completed blast \u2014 NOT planned values that differ from what was actually drilled or loaded<\/span><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>You will need:<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Bench Height<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Burden<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Spacing<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Hole Diameter<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Drill Accuracy<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Relative Weight Strength<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Explosive Density<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list --><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list --><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>BlastCast will use these values together with the measured fragmentation to establish the Rock Factor for the model.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                REMEMBER\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                <b>Calibrate from what actually happened.<\/b> The measured fragmentation and the blast parameters entered into BlastCast should describe the same blast.\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-use-reliable-source-values\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-use-reliable-source-values\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Use reliable source values<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use drill and blast records wherever possible.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For explosive properties such as Relative Weight Strength and Density, use the applicable manufacturer's technical data rather than estimating the values.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":10911,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Blast-Records-Specifications-BlastCast-1024x234.png\" alt=\"WipFrag results + blast records + explosives specifications = BlastCast results\" class=\"wp-image-10911\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#top\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#top\">Top of Page<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-introduction-to-blastcast\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-introduction-to-blastcast\">Introduction to BlastCast<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-before-you-begin\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-before-you-begin\">1. Before You Begin<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-calibrate-blastcast-to-your-current-blast\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-calibrate-blastcast-to-your-current-blast\">2. Calibrate BlastCast to Your Current Blast<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-test-changes-to-blast-parameters\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-test-changes-to-blast-parameters\">3. Test Changes to Blast Parameters<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-blastcast-parameters-explained\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-blastcast-parameters-explained\">4. BlastCast Parameters Explained<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-using-and-interpreting-the-prediction\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-using-and-interpreting-the-prediction\">5. Using and Interpreting the Prediction<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-blastcast-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-blastcast-quick-reference\">BlastCast Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-2-calibrate-blastcast-to-your-current-blast\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-2-calibrate-blastcast-to-your-current-blast\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Calibrate BlastCast to Your Current Blast<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Calibration connects the BlastCast prediction model to the fragmentation actually produced by your blast.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>On the completed WipFrag analysis card, <strong>right-click<\/strong> or <strong>tap and hold<\/strong> the chart, then select <strong>BlastCast<\/strong> from the chart options.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The analysis will switch to the BlastCast view, where the measured fragmentation curve can be compared with the prediction.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":10912,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Open-BlastCast-Chart-1024x616.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10912\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-step-1-select-your-units\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-step-1-select-your-units\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 1 - <strong>Select your units<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Set BlastCast to the measurement system used for your blast records. Use Metric for metric units or Imperial \/ OFF for imperial units.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-step-2-enable-auto-rock-factor\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-step-2-enable-auto-rock-factor\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 2 - <strong>Enable Auto Rock Factor<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Turn Auto <strong>ON<\/strong> for the Rock Factor <strong><em>before<\/em><\/strong> entering the current blast parameters. Auto Rock Factor allows BlastCast to determine the Rock Factor that brings the prediction into alignment with the measured WipFrag result at X50 (the particle size at which 50% of the measured material passes).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":10913,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-BlastCast-Open-Parameters.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10913\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-step-3-enter-the-actual-blast-parameters\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-step-3-enter-the-actual-blast-parameters\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 3 - <strong>Enter the actual blast parameters<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Enter the values used for the completed blast:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Bench Height<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Burden<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Spacing<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Diameter<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Drill Accuracy<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Relative Weight Strength<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Density<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use the sliders or available value controls to match the actual blast.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>As the inputs change, BlastCast updates the predicted curve and recalculates the Rock Factor.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":10914,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-BlastCast-Blast-Parameters.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10914\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-step-4-check-the-calibration\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-step-4-check-the-calibration\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 4 - Check the calibration<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Once the actual blast parameters have been entered, compare the predicted red curve with the measured blue curve.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":10915,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/BlastCast-Chart-Results-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10915\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-step-5-lock-the-rock-factor\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-step-5-lock-the-rock-factor\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 5 - Lock the Rock Factor<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":10916,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"className\":\"is-style-default\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-style-default\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/BlastCast-Auto-Rock-Factor-Off.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10916\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>When the current blast has been entered and calibrated, turn the Rock Factor Auto setting <strong>OFF<\/strong>. This locks the calibrated Rock Factor.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Do NOT continue recalibrating Rock Factor while testing design changes. The purpose of the next step is to hold the rock condition constant while changing the controllable blast inputs.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                CALIBRATION COMPLETE\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                You now have a BlastCast model tied to the measured fragmentation and conditions of the completed blast.\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#top\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#top\">Top of Page<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-introduction-to-blastcast\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-introduction-to-blastcast\">Introduction to BlastCast<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-before-you-begin\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-before-you-begin\">1. Before You Begin<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-calibrate-blastcast-to-your-current-blast\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-calibrate-blastcast-to-your-current-blast\">2. Calibrate BlastCast to Your Current Blast<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-test-changes-to-blast-parameters\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-test-changes-to-blast-parameters\">3. Test Changes to Blast Parameters<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-blastcast-parameters-explained\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-blastcast-parameters-explained\">4. BlastCast Parameters Explained<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-using-and-interpreting-the-prediction\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-using-and-interpreting-the-prediction\">5. Using and Interpreting the Prediction<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-blastcast-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-blastcast-quick-reference\">BlastCast Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-3-test-changes-to-blast-parameters\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-3-test-changes-to-blast-parameters\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Test Changes to Blast Parameters<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Once Rock Factor has been calibrated and locked, use BlastCast to explore how changes to controllable parameters affect the predicted fragmentation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-adjust-a-parameter-and-watch-the-red-prediction-curve\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-adjust-a-parameter-and-watch-the-red-prediction-curve\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Adjust a parameter and watch the red prediction curve<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The blue measured curve stays in place as the reference from the completed blast.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-start-with-one-change-at-a-time\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-start-with-one-change-at-a-time\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Start with one change at a time<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>When learning how a parameter affects the prediction, change one input at a time.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example:  <strong>Current Spacing&nbsp; &nbsp;\u2192 &nbsp;&nbsp;Adjust Spacing&nbsp; &nbsp;\u2192 &nbsp;&nbsp;Compare Prediction<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This makes it easier to see which parameter caused the change in the predicted PSD.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Once you understand the individual effects, combinations of realistic changes can be tested together.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":10918,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/BlastCast-Parameter-Change-Comparison-1024x339.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10918\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-compare-against-the-result-you-want\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-compare-against-the-result-you-want\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Compare against the result you want<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Do NOT judge the prediction only by whether the entire curve moves finer or coarser.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Consider the particle sizes that matter to the operation, such as:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>desired D50 or D80;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>maximum acceptable fragment size;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>crusher feed requirements;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>oversize limits; or<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>another operational PSD target.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>BlastCast is most useful when the simulation is tied to a specific operational objective rather than simply trying to make fragmentation \u201csmaller.\u201d<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-keep-rock-factor-fixed\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-keep-rock-factor-fixed\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Keep Rock Factor fixed<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>If the purpose is to compare blast designs under the same rock conditions, leave the calibrated Rock Factor unchanged while testing the other parameters.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>If the rock mass changes materially, do NOT assume that a Rock Factor calibrated in one geological condition automatically represents another. Recalibrate using a representative measured blast from the new conditions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#top\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#top\">Top of Page<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-introduction-to-blastcast\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-introduction-to-blastcast\">Introduction to BlastCast<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-before-you-begin\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-before-you-begin\">1. Before You Begin<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-calibrate-blastcast-to-your-current-blast\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-calibrate-blastcast-to-your-current-blast\">2. Calibrate BlastCast to Your Current Blast<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-test-changes-to-blast-parameters\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-test-changes-to-blast-parameters\">3. Test Changes to Blast Parameters<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-blastcast-parameters-explained\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-blastcast-parameters-explained\">4. BlastCast Parameters Explained<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-using-and-interpreting-the-prediction\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-using-and-interpreting-the-prediction\">5. Using and Interpreting the Prediction<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-blastcast-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-blastcast-quick-reference\">BlastCast Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-4-blastcast-parameters-explained\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-4-blastcast-parameters-explained\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. BlastCast Parameters Explained<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:table {\"hasFixedLayout\":false} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Parameter<\/th><th>Description<\/th><th>What to enter in BlastCast<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong><em>Bench Height<\/em><\/strong><\/td><td>Vertical height from bench floor to crest.<\/td><td>Actual bench height for the blast.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong><em>Burden<\/em><\/strong><\/td><td>Distance from a blasthole to the nearest free face; for interior rows, generally the row-to-row distance.<\/td><td>Actual burden used.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong><em>Spacing<\/em><\/strong><\/td><td>Distance between adjacent blastholes in the same row.<\/td><td>Actual hole spacing used.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong><em>Hole Diameter<\/em><\/strong><\/td><td>Nominal diameter of the blasthole.<\/td><td>Hole diameter used for the blast.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong><em>Drill Accuracy<\/em><\/strong><\/td><td>Represents deviation from the intended hole position, alignment and trajectory.<\/td><td>A representative value for the drilling accuracy achieved.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong><em>Relative Weight Strength<\/em><\/strong><\/td><td>Explosive energy per unit mass relative to ANFO = 100.<\/td><td>Manufacturer's RWS value.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong><em>Explosive Density<\/em><\/strong><\/td><td>Mass of explosive per unit volume.<\/td><td>Loaded density in g\/cm\u00b3 or equivalent.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong><em>Rock Factor<\/em><\/strong><\/td><td>Calibrated parameter representing the influence of the rock mass on fragmentation.<\/td><td>Auto-calibrate from the measured blast, then lock.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:table -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":10919,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/BlastCast-Blast-Parameters-Diagram.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10919\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                IMPORTANT\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                <b>Rock Factor is NOT simply another design slider.<\/b> It represents the rock conditions against which the blast model is being calibrated.\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#top\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#top\">Top of Page<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-introduction-to-blastcast\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-introduction-to-blastcast\">Introduction to BlastCast<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-before-you-begin\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-before-you-begin\">1. Before You Begin<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-calibrate-blastcast-to-your-current-blast\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-calibrate-blastcast-to-your-current-blast\">2. Calibrate BlastCast to Your Current Blast<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-test-changes-to-blast-parameters\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-test-changes-to-blast-parameters\">3. Test Changes to Blast Parameters<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-blastcast-parameters-explained\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-blastcast-parameters-explained\">4. BlastCast Parameters Explained<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-using-and-interpreting-the-prediction\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-using-and-interpreting-the-prediction\">5. Using and Interpreting the Prediction<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-blastcast-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-blastcast-quick-reference\">BlastCast Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-5-using-and-interpreting-the-prediction\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-5-using-and-interpreting-the-prediction\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Using and Interpreting the Prediction<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":10921,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/BlastCast-Parameter-Change-Comparison-2-1024x555.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10921\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>BlastCast is most useful as a comparison tool.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The red curve does NOT represent a measured future result. It represents the fragmentation predicted by the model from the parameters currently entered.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use the prediction to compare scenarios and understand the direction and scale of the modeled change.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-a-practical-workflow\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-a-practical-workflow\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">A practical workflow<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Baseline: <\/strong>Start with the completed blast and calibrated Rock Factor.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Change: <\/strong>Adjust one or more realistic blast parameters.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Compare: <\/strong>Watch how the predicted curve changes relative to the measured baseline.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Evaluate: <\/strong>Check the particle sizes or portions of the PSD that matter to your operation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Refine: <\/strong>Test another realistic scenario if required.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Verify: <\/strong>After the next blast, analyze the actual fragmentation with WipFrag and compare the measured result with the prediction.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>That final step is important. BlastCast should be part of a continuous cycle.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":10920,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/BlastCast-Continuous-Improvement-Cycle-1005x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10920\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#top\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#top\">Top of Page<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-introduction-to-blastcast\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-introduction-to-blastcast\">Introduction to BlastCast<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-before-you-begin\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-before-you-begin\">1. Before You Begin<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-calibrate-blastcast-to-your-current-blast\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-calibrate-blastcast-to-your-current-blast\">2. Calibrate BlastCast to Your Current Blast<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-test-changes-to-blast-parameters\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-test-changes-to-blast-parameters\">3. Test Changes to Blast Parameters<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-blastcast-parameters-explained\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-blastcast-parameters-explained\">4. BlastCast Parameters Explained<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-using-and-interpreting-the-prediction\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-using-and-interpreting-the-prediction\">5. Using and Interpreting the Prediction<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-blastcast-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-blastcast-quick-reference\">BlastCast Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-blastcast-quick-reference\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-blastcast-quick-reference\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">BlastCast Quick Reference<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-before-calibration\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-before-calibration\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Before calibration<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Complete the WipFrag fragmentation analysis.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Confirm the analysis represents the blast being modeled.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Gather the actual drill and blast parameters.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Confirm the explosive RWS and Density.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Select the correct units.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-calibrate\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-calibrate\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Calibrate<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Open BlastCast.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Enable Auto Rock Factor.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Enter the current blast parameters.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Confirm the measured and predicted curves.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Allow Rock Factor to calibrate at X50.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Turn Auto Rock Factor off to lock the value.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-predict\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-predict\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Predict<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Keep Rock Factor fixed.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Adjust the parameter you want to investigate.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Review the change in the red prediction curve.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Compare the predicted PSD with the operational target.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Record the scenario being considered.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-after-the-next-blast\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-after-the-next-blast\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">After the next blast<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Analyze the resulting fragmentation in WipFrag.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Compare the measured result with the prediction.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Recalibrate when appropriate before testing the next design.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<style>\n\/* =========================================================\n   MOBILE LAYOUT\n   All DO items stack first, followed by all AVOID items.\n   Desktop\/tablet layout is unaffected.\n   ========================================================= *\/\n\n@media (max-width: 600px) {\n\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table {\n        display: block;\n        width: 100%;\n        border-collapse: separate;\n    }\n\n    \/* Hide the original two-column header *\/\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table thead {\n        display: none;\n    }\n\n    \/*\n     * Flatten the table rows so the cells can be reordered.\n     * This allows every DO cell to appear before every AVOID cell.\n     *\/\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tbody {\n        display: flex;\n        flex-direction: column;\n        width: 100%;\n    }\n\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tr {\n        display: contents;\n    }\n\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table td {\n        display: block;\n        width: 100% !important;\n        box-sizing: border-box;\n        padding: 12px 16px !important;\n        font-size: 16px !important;\n        line-height: 1.45;\n    }\n\n    \/* All DO cells first *\/\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table td:first-child {\n        order: 1;\n        border-right: none !important;\n    }\n\n    \/* All AVOID cells second *\/\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table td:last-child {\n        order: 2;\n    }\n\n    \/* Mobile DO header *\/\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tr:first-child td:first-child::before {\n        content: \"BLASTCAST \u2013 DO\";\n        display: block;\n        margin: -12px -16px 12px -16px;\n        padding: 9px 16px;\n        background-color: #00b050;\n        color: #ffffff;\n        font-size: 20px;\n        font-weight: bold;\n        text-align: center;\n        border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n    }\n\n    \/* Thick divider before AVOID section *\/\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tr:first-child td:last-child {\n        border-top: 3pt solid #000000;\n    }\n\n    \/* Mobile AVOID header *\/\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tr:first-child td:last-child::before {\n        content: \"BLASTCAST \u2013 AVOID\";\n        display: block;\n        margin: -12px -16px 12px -16px;\n        padding: 9px 16px;\n        background-color: #ee0000;\n        color: #ffffff;\n        font-size: 20px;\n        font-weight: bold;\n        text-align: center;\n        border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n    }\n}\n<\/style>\n\n\n<div id=\"general-do-avoid\">\n\n<table class=\"do-avoid-table\" style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #000000;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n\n    <!-- =====================================================\n         HEADER\n         ===================================================== -->\n    <thead>\n        <tr>\n            <th style=\"\n                width: 50%;\n                background-color: #00b050;\n                color: #ffffff;\n                font-size: 22px;\n                font-weight: bold;\n                text-align: center;\n                padding: 12px 16px;\n                border-right: 3pt solid #000000;\n                border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                BLASTCAST \u2013 DO\n            <\/th>\n\n            <th style=\"\n                width: 50%;\n                background-color: #ee0000;\n                color: #ffffff;\n                font-size: 22px;\n                font-weight: bold;\n                text-align: center;\n                padding: 12px 16px;\n                border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                BLASTCAST \u2013 AVOID\n            <\/th>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/thead>\n\n\n    <!-- =====================================================\n         CONTENT\n         ===================================================== -->\n    <tbody>\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 1 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 1 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Start with a completed, representative WipFrag analysis.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 1 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Calibrating from fragmentation and parameters belonging to different blasts.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 2 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 2 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use the actual parameters from the blast being analyzed.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 2 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Guessing blast inputs when actual records are available.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 3 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 3 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use manufacturer data for explosive properties.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 3 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Changing Rock Factor while also testing design parameters.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 4 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 4 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Enable Auto Rock Factor while calibrating the baseline.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 4 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Treating the prediction curve as a measured result.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 5 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 5 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Lock Rock Factor after calibration.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 5 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Assuming one calibrated Rock Factor represents every geological condition.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 6 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 6 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Change one parameter at a time when learning its effect.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 6 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Changing several parameters at once when you are trying to understand the effect of one.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 7 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 7 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Test combinations only when they represent realistic blast scenarios.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 7 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Optimizing solely for \u201csmaller\u201d fragmentation without considering downstream requirements.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 8 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 8 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Compare predictions against operationally relevant particle sizes.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 8 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Using BlastCast as a replacement for qualified blast design and site procedures.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 9 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 9 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Recalibrate when working in materially different rock conditions.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:0px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:0px 0px;\n            \">\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 10 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 10 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Measure the next blast and compare the actual result with the prediction.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:0px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:0px 0px;\n            \">\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"50px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                MORE INFORMATION\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                For detailed WipFrag software controls and the technical basis of the prediction model, refer to the latest <b><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=6685\">WipFrag User Manual<\/a><\/b> and the <b>KCO Blast Model<\/b> document available within BlastCast.\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\",\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"center\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#top\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#top\">Top of Page<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-introduction-to-blastcast\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-introduction-to-blastcast\">Introduction to BlastCast<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-before-you-begin\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-before-you-begin\">1. Before You Begin<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-calibrate-blastcast-to-your-current-blast\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-calibrate-blastcast-to-your-current-blast\">2. Calibrate BlastCast to Your Current Blast<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-test-changes-to-blast-parameters\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-test-changes-to-blast-parameters\">3. Test Changes to Blast Parameters<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-blastcast-parameters-explained\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-blastcast-parameters-explained\">4. BlastCast Parameters Explained<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-using-and-interpreting-the-prediction\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-using-and-interpreting-the-prediction\">5. Using and Interpreting the Prediction<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-blastcast-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-blastcast-quick-reference\">BlastCast Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:buttons {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons\"><!-- wp:button -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=10974\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PDF \u2b73<\/a><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:button --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:buttons --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator {\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-thick\",\"anchor\":\"h-related-articles\"} -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator aligncenter has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-thick\" id=\"h-related-articles\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->","post_title":"BlastCast Guide","post_excerpt":"Using WipFrag\u2019s BlastCast to predict fragmentation and optimize blasts","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"blastcast-guide","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipfrag-results-interpretation-guide\/","post_modified":"2026-10-15 17:01:40","post_modified_gmt":"2026-10-15 21:01:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=10847","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"2","filter":"raw"},{"ID":10940,"post_author":"20","post_date":"2026-10-02 14:19:02","post_date_gmt":"2026-10-02 18:19:02","post_content":"<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"width\":\"100%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\" style=\"flex-basis:100%\"><!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"space-between\",\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:post-excerpt {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fill\",\"flexSize\":null},\"typography\":{\"fontStyle\":\"italic\",\"fontWeight\":\"700\"}}} \/-->\n\n<!-- wp:buttons {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons\"><!-- wp:button -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=10977\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PDF \u2b73<\/a><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:button --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:buttons --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"20px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"20px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:yoast-seo\/table-of-contents {\"maxHeadingLevel\":2} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-yoast-seo-table-of-contents yoast-table-of-contents\"><h2>Table of contents<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"#h-getting-started-with-wipjoint\" data-level=\"2\">Getting Started with WipJoint<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-1-choose-and-capture-the-rock-face\" data-level=\"2\">1. Choose and Capture the Rock Face<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-2-prepare-the-analysis-in-wipfrag\" data-level=\"2\">2. Prepare the Analysis in WipFrag<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-3-review-the-discontinuity-network\" data-level=\"2\">3. Review the Discontinuity Network<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-4-generate-wipjoint-results\" data-level=\"2\">4. Generate WipJoint Results<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-5-understand-the-wipjoint-results\" data-level=\"2\">5. Understand the WipJoint Results<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-using-wipjoint-in-practice\" data-level=\"2\">Using WipJoint in Practice<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-wipjoint-quick-reference\" data-level=\"2\">WipJoint Quick Reference<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:yoast-seo\/table-of-contents -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-getting-started-with-wipjoint\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-getting-started-with-wipjoint\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Getting Started with WipJoint<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipJoint is a structural characterization tool within <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/wipfrag\/\" data-type=\"products\" data-id=\"36\">WipFrag<\/a> for measuring visible discontinuity traces on exposed rock surfaces.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>From a scaled image of a rock face, WipJoint can provide information about:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>apparent joint orientation;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>apparent joint spacing;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>persistence;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>estimated Rock Quality Designation (RQD); and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>apparent in-situ block size.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipJoint can be used on exposed rock surfaces such as highwalls, quarry faces, underground development faces, stopes, cut rock surfaces, and outcrops.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The basic workflow is:&nbsp; <strong>Capture&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;\u2192 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Analyze&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;\u2192 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Open WipJoint&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;\u2192 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Interpret<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":10944,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipJoint-Process-Diagram.png\" alt=\"Diagram of the WipJoint process from highwall photo to analysis to WipJoint to results\" class=\"wp-image-10944\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-what-wipjoint-measures\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-what-wipjoint-measures\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">What WipJoint measures<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A photograph records the discontinuity traces visible where joints, faults, fractures, and other structures intersect the exposed rock surface.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipJoint measures these visible traces and uses them to characterize the apparent structure of the rock mass.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This distinction is important. A two-dimensional image does NOT directly measure the complete three-dimensional orientation or extent of a discontinuity plane.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                IMPORTANT\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                <b>WipJoint measures the discontinuities visible on the photographed rock surface.<\/b> Orientation, spacing, persistence, RQD, and block-size results should be interpreted in the context of that exposure and viewing direction.\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-apparent-versus-true-orientation\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-apparent-versus-true-orientation\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Apparent versus true orientation<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipJoint reports <strong>apparent orientation<\/strong> from the visible discontinuity traces in the image.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The apparent dip observed on a photographed surface can be less than the true dip of the discontinuity plane. It will only equal the true dip when the observation direction is appropriately aligned with the plane.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For this reason, WipJoint results should NOT be treated as a replacement for a complete three-dimensional structural survey where true strike, dip, and dip direction are required.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#top\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#top\">Top of Page<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-getting-started-with-wipjoint\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-getting-started-with-wipjoint\">Getting Started with WipJoint<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-choose-and-capture-the-rock-face\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-choose-and-capture-the-rock-face\">1. Choose and Capture the Rock Face<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-prepare-the-analysis-in-wipfrag\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-prepare-the-analysis-in-wipfrag\">2. Prepare the Analysis in WipFrag<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-review-the-discontinuity-network\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-review-the-discontinuity-network\">3. Review the Discontinuity Network<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-generate-wipjoint-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-generate-wipjoint-results\">4. Generate WipJoint Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-understand-the-wipjoint-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-understand-the-wipjoint-results\">5. Understand the WipJoint Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-using-wipjoint-in-practice\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-using-wipjoint-in-practice\">Using WipJoint in Practice<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-wipjoint-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-wipjoint-quick-reference\">WipJoint Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-1-choose-and-capture-the-rock-face\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-1-choose-and-capture-the-rock-face\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Choose and Capture the Rock Face<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Good WipJoint results begin with a rock-face image that is <strong>representative, properly scaled, clearly exposed, and captured from an appropriate viewpoint<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-choose-a-representative-area\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-choose-a-representative-area\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Choose a representative area<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Select a rock surface that represents the geological conditions you want to characterize.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Avoid selecting an area simply because its joints are particularly obvious or easy to photograph.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For a large or variable face:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>capture several representative areas;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>include areas with visibly different structural conditions;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>keep analyses from different locations clearly identified; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>use a consistent capture method when results will be compared.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A single rock face only shows the discontinuities exposed on that surface. Where practical, use multiple representative areas or exposures when structural conditions vary.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-face-the-rock-surface-as-directly-as-practical\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-face-the-rock-surface-as-directly-as-practical\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Face the rock surface as directly as practical<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Choose a viewpoint that is reasonably <strong>orthogonal to the exposed surface<\/strong>. In other words, face the camera straight on to the rock surface.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A direct view reduces perspective distortion and provides a better representation of the visible discontinuity traces.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Strongly oblique photographs can distort apparent orientation, spacing, and trace length.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-choose-the-right-viewing-distance\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-choose-the-right-viewing-distance\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Choose the right viewing distance<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Capture enough of the rock surface to represent the area while remaining close enough to clearly resolve the discontinuities that matter.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>If you move too far away, smaller joints may disappear into the image. If you move too close, the image may no longer contain enough of the rock face to represent the larger structural pattern.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For large exposures, capture several systematic sections rather than expecting one distant photograph to show every scale of jointing.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-keep-the-image-sharp\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-keep-the-image-sharp\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Keep the image sharp<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Discontinuity traces should remain clearly visible across the image.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Avoid:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>motion blur;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>poor focus;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>deep shadows;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>strong glare;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>overexposed areas;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>vegetation covering the face;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>loose material obscuring the surface; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>equipment or other objects blocking important structures.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-use-suitable-lighting\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-use-suitable-lighting\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Use suitable lighting<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use lighting that keeps the rock texture and discontinuity traces visible.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Direct glare on wet or reflective surfaces can hide joints. Deep shadows can create the opposite problem by obscuring portions of the surface or appearing as false lineations.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Underground, use broad, even lighting where practical. Multiple offset light sources are generally preferable to a single harsh light located directly beside the camera.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-scale-the-image\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-scale-the-image\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Scale the image<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipJoint requires a properly scaled analysis for dimensional measurements such as apparent spacing and block size.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use the WipFrag scaling method appropriate to the way the image was captured.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For detailed recommendations on image capture, scaling, underground lighting, and field photography, refer to the <strong><a href=\"\/kb\/wipfrag-image-capture-and-sampling-guide\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"\/kb\/wipfrag-image-capture-and-sampling-guide\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">WipFrag Image Capture &amp; Sampling Guide<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#top\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#top\">Top of Page<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-getting-started-with-wipjoint\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-getting-started-with-wipjoint\">Getting Started with WipJoint<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-choose-and-capture-the-rock-face\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-choose-and-capture-the-rock-face\">1. Choose and Capture the Rock Face<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-prepare-the-analysis-in-wipfrag\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-prepare-the-analysis-in-wipfrag\">2. Prepare the Analysis in WipFrag<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-review-the-discontinuity-network\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-review-the-discontinuity-network\">3. Review the Discontinuity Network<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-generate-wipjoint-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-generate-wipjoint-results\">4. Generate WipJoint Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-understand-the-wipjoint-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-understand-the-wipjoint-results\">5. Understand the WipJoint Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-using-wipjoint-in-practice\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-using-wipjoint-in-practice\">Using WipJoint in Practice<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-wipjoint-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-wipjoint-quick-reference\">WipJoint Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-2-prepare-the-analysis-in-wipfrag\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-2-prepare-the-analysis-in-wipfrag\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Prepare the Analysis in WipFrag<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-step-1-open-or-capture-the-image\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-step-1-open-or-capture-the-image\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 1 \u2013 Open or capture the image<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Create a new WipFrag analysis using the image of the exposed rock surface.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Choose an image where the discontinuities of interest are clearly visible.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-step-2-set-the-scale\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-step-2-set-the-scale\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 2 \u2013 Set the scale<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Apply the appropriate scale to the image.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Correct scaling is important because WipJoint uses dimensional information when calculating results such as apparent joint spacing and apparent in-situ block size.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-top is-style-full-width\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"50%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-step-3-continue-the-analysis\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-step-3-continue-the-analysis\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 3 \u2013 Continue the analysis<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Complete the rock-face analysis using the normal WipFrag workflow, but don\u2019t generate the chart yet.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"50%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":10947,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipJoint-Highwall-A-Image-1024x698.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10947\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#top\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#top\">Top of Page<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-getting-started-with-wipjoint\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-getting-started-with-wipjoint\">Getting Started with WipJoint<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-choose-and-capture-the-rock-face\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-choose-and-capture-the-rock-face\">1. Choose and Capture the Rock Face<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-prepare-the-analysis-in-wipfrag\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-prepare-the-analysis-in-wipfrag\">2. Prepare the Analysis in WipFrag<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-review-the-discontinuity-network\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-review-the-discontinuity-network\">3. Review the Discontinuity Network<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-generate-wipjoint-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-generate-wipjoint-results\">4. Generate WipJoint Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-understand-the-wipjoint-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-understand-the-wipjoint-results\">5. Understand the WipJoint Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-using-wipjoint-in-practice\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-using-wipjoint-in-practice\">Using WipJoint in Practice<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-wipjoint-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-wipjoint-quick-reference\">WipJoint Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-3-review-the-discontinuity-network\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-3-review-the-discontinuity-network\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Review the Discontinuity Network<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Before generating the WipJoint results, compare the analyzed discontinuity network with the original rock-face image.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The analysis should represent the significant visible traces that define the structure of the exposed rock.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Look for:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>major joint sets;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>long or persistent discontinuities;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>closely spaced jointing;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>important visible joints that may NOT be represented;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>shadows or surface features that may have been mistaken for discontinuities; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>areas where weathering, debris, or poor image quality makes the structure difficult to interpret.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The goal is NOT to reproduce every minor surface feature. The analyzed network should reasonably describe the visible structural pattern of the rock.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                REMEMBER\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                <b>WipJoint can only characterize what is visible.<\/b> Covered, hidden, poorly resolved, or unexposed discontinuities cannot be measured from the photograph.\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-consider-the-exposure-itself\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-consider-the-exposure-itself\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Consider the exposure itself<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A discontinuity that is prominent on one face may be poorly represented on another simply because of the relationship between the discontinuity plane and the exposed surface.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For important structural assessments, consider results from more than one representative exposure where practical.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#top\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#top\">Top of Page<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-getting-started-with-wipjoint\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-getting-started-with-wipjoint\">Getting Started with WipJoint<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-choose-and-capture-the-rock-face\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-choose-and-capture-the-rock-face\">1. Choose and Capture the Rock Face<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-prepare-the-analysis-in-wipfrag\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-prepare-the-analysis-in-wipfrag\">2. Prepare the Analysis in WipFrag<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-review-the-discontinuity-network\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-review-the-discontinuity-network\">3. Review the Discontinuity Network<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-generate-wipjoint-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-generate-wipjoint-results\">4. Generate WipJoint Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-understand-the-wipjoint-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-understand-the-wipjoint-results\">5. Understand the WipJoint Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-using-wipjoint-in-practice\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-using-wipjoint-in-practice\">Using WipJoint in Practice<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-wipjoint-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-wipjoint-quick-reference\">WipJoint Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-4-generate-wipjoint-results\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-4-generate-wipjoint-results\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Generate WipJoint Results<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Once the analysis has been completed and you\u2019ve reviewed the discontinuity network, generate the chart.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Right-click<\/strong> or <strong>tap and hold<\/strong> the chart and select <strong>WipJoint<\/strong> from the available chart options. WipFrag will switch from the standard WipFrag results to the WipJoint result view.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":10948,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Open-WipJoint-Chart-2-1024x349.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10948\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#top\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#top\">Top of Page<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-getting-started-with-wipjoint\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-getting-started-with-wipjoint\">Getting Started with WipJoint<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-choose-and-capture-the-rock-face\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-choose-and-capture-the-rock-face\">1. Choose and Capture the Rock Face<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-prepare-the-analysis-in-wipfrag\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-prepare-the-analysis-in-wipfrag\">2. Prepare the Analysis in WipFrag<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-review-the-discontinuity-network\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-review-the-discontinuity-network\">3. Review the Discontinuity Network<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-generate-wipjoint-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-generate-wipjoint-results\">4. Generate WipJoint Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-understand-the-wipjoint-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-understand-the-wipjoint-results\">5. Understand the WipJoint Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-using-wipjoint-in-practice\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-using-wipjoint-in-practice\">Using WipJoint in Practice<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-wipjoint-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-wipjoint-quick-reference\">WipJoint Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-5-understand-the-wipjoint-results\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-5-understand-the-wipjoint-results\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Understand the WipJoint Results<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipJoint combines several measurements to describe the apparent structure visible in the analyzed rock surface. These results should be considered together rather than interpreting any single value in isolation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-apparent-orientation\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-apparent-orientation\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Apparent Orientation<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The <strong>Apparent Orientation Rosette<\/strong> shows the directional distribution of the visible discontinuity traces. WipJoint groups trace directions into <strong>18 directional classes at 10\u00b0 increments<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The amount represented in each direction is based on the total measured length of discontinuity traces within that directional class.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":10950,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipJoint-Orientation-Rosette.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10950\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"50%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4,\"anchor\":\"h-how-to-interpret-it\"} -->\n<h4 id=\"h-how-to-interpret-it\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">How to interpret it<\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use the orientation rosette to identify:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>dominant apparent joint directions;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>secondary joint sets;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>changes in structural direction across different areas; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>whether one or several directional trends dominate the exposure.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A larger sector indicates that more discontinuity trace length was measured in that direction.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                IMPORTANT\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                <b>The rosette describes the apparent orientation of traces on the photographed surface.<\/b> It does NOT represent a full three-dimensional measurement of the underlying discontinuity planes and should NOT be interpreted as equivalent to a geological stereonet containing true strike and dip measurements.\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-apparent-spacing\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-apparent-spacing\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Apparent Spacing<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The <strong>Apparent Spacing Rosette<\/strong> summarizes the spacing of visible discontinuities according to direction. WipJoint reports mean apparent spacing across the <strong>same 18 directional classes at 10\u00b0 increments<\/strong> used by the Orientation Rosette.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":10951,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipJoint-Spacing-Rosette.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10951\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"50%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4,\"anchor\":\"h-what-spacing-means\"} -->\n<h4 id=\"h-what-spacing-means\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">What spacing means<\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>In rock mechanics, true discontinuity spacing is measured perpendicular to adjacent discontinuities within a set. An image of an exposed rock surface provides an <strong>apparent spacing<\/strong> based on the way those discontinuities intersect the photographed surface. The apparent spacing can therefore differ from the true three-dimensional spacing of the discontinuity set.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4,\"anchor\":\"h-how-to-use-it\"} -->\n<h4 id=\"h-how-to-use-it\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">How to use it<\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use apparent spacing to:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>compare closely and widely spaced joint sets;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>identify changes in joint frequency across a face;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>compare structural conditions between areas; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>provide context for apparent block size and rock-mass structure.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Interpret spacing together with orientation, persistence, and the original image.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-persistence\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-persistence\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Persistence<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Persistence describes how far a discontinuity trace remains visible across the exposed rock surface. A long, continuous trace indicates greater visible persistence than a short or interrupted trace.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4,\"anchor\":\"h-why-persistence-matters\"} -->\n<h4 id=\"h-why-persistence-matters\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why persistence matters<\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Two rock masses may have similar joint spacing but very different block structures if the discontinuities differ substantially in persistence.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Longer discontinuities can more completely divide the rock mass, while shorter traces may terminate or be interrupted within the exposed surface.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                IMPORTANT\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                <b>WipJoint measures the visible trace.<\/b> A discontinuity that reaches the edge of the image or becomes covered by material has NOT necessarily ended geologically. Its actual extent may continue outside the photographed exposure or into the rock mass. For this reason, persistence should be interpreted as the visible or apparent extent of the discontinuity.\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-rock-quality-designation-rqd\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-rock-quality-designation-rqd\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Rock Quality Designation \u2013 RQD<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipJoint provides an <strong>estimated Rock Quality Designation (RQD)<\/strong> based on the jointing observed in the analyzed image.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>RQD was originally developed as a drill-core measure of rock quality. WipJoint provides an image-based estimate that allows jointing conditions to be assessed from suitable exposed rock surfaces.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4,\"anchor\":\"h-how-to-use-it-0\"} -->\n<h4 id=\"h-how-to-use-it-0\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">How to use it<\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>RQD can provide an additional numerical reference when:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>comparing different areas of exposed rock;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>documenting changes in structural conditions;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>evaluating representative sections of a bench or development; or<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>tracking rock conditions over time.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The WipJoint RQD result should be interpreted together with the original image and the other structural measurements.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                IMPORTANT\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                <b>WipJoint provides an image-derived RQD estimate based on the ASTM standard.<\/b> It should NOT be understood as a direct drill-core RQD measurement.\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-apparent-in-situ-block-size\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-apparent-in-situ-block-size\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Apparent In-Situ Block Size<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipJoint estimates the <strong>apparent in-situ block size<\/strong> from the visible discontinuity network.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This provides an estimate of the block structure represented by the exposed rock before blasting or other excavation processes further break the material.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipJoint displays the result as a logarithmic block-size distribution similar in concept to the particle-size histogram used in WipFrag.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The reported block size is expressed using the nominal diameter of a sphere having an equivalent volume.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":10952,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipJoint-Apparent-Size-Chart.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10952\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4,\"anchor\":\"h-why-block-size-matters\"} -->\n<h4 id=\"h-why-block-size-matters\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why block size matters<\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The natural structure of the rock mass can have a major influence on the fragmentation produced by blasting. Knowing the apparent pre-blast block structure provides useful context when evaluating the resulting post-blast fragmentation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                IMPORTANT\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                <b>Actual blocks within the rock mass are three-dimensional.<\/b> An image only captures the discontinuities exposed on the photographed surface. Other discontinuity sets, hidden planes, and differences in persistence may influence the true three-dimensional block geometry. For this reason, retain the word <b>apparent<\/b> when referencing WipJoint block-size estimates.\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#top\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#top\">Top of Page<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-getting-started-with-wipjoint\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-getting-started-with-wipjoint\">Getting Started with WipJoint<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-choose-and-capture-the-rock-face\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-choose-and-capture-the-rock-face\">1. Choose and Capture the Rock Face<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-prepare-the-analysis-in-wipfrag\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-prepare-the-analysis-in-wipfrag\">2. Prepare the Analysis in WipFrag<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-review-the-discontinuity-network\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-review-the-discontinuity-network\">3. Review the Discontinuity Network<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-generate-wipjoint-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-generate-wipjoint-results\">4. Generate WipJoint Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-understand-the-wipjoint-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-understand-the-wipjoint-results\">5. Understand the WipJoint Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-using-wipjoint-in-practice\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-using-wipjoint-in-practice\">Using WipJoint in Practice<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-wipjoint-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-wipjoint-quick-reference\">WipJoint Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-using-wipjoint-in-practice\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-using-wipjoint-in-practice\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Using WipJoint in Practice<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-pre-blast-structural-characterization\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-pre-blast-structural-characterization\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pre-blast structural characterization<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Capture representative images of the exposed rock before blasting to provide a record of the structural conditions present before the blast. Use WipJoint to document:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>apparent joint orientation;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>apparent joint spacing;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>persistence;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>estimated RQD; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>apparent in-situ block size.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-compare-geological-conditions\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-compare-geological-conditions\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Compare geological conditions<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use WipJoint to compare representative areas across a bench, quarry, mine, tunnel, or other excavation. Changes in these measurements can help distinguish changes in the rock structure from changes caused by blasting or operating conditions. A consistent capture method makes it easier to identify changes in:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>apparent orientation;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>spacing;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>persistence;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>estimated RQD; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>apparent block size.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-compare-pre-blast-structure-with-post-blast-fragmentation\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-compare-pre-blast-structure-with-post-blast-fragmentation\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Compare pre-blast structure with post-blast fragmentation<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipJoint and WipFrag can be used together to examine the relationship between the original rock structure and the resulting fragmentation. Before blasting, WipJoint characterizes the visible discontinuity network and apparent in-situ block structure. After blasting, WipFrag measures the resulting particle size distribution. Refer to the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipfrag-results-interpretation-guide\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"10998\">Results Interpretation Guide<\/a><\/strong> for guidance on interpreting the post-blast PSD and other standard WipFrag analysis results.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Comparing the two provides additional context when evaluating blast performance. A change in post-blast fragmentation does NOT necessarily result only from a change in blast design. Changes in the underlying rock structure may also contribute.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-compare-apparent-block-size-before-and-after-blasting\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-compare-apparent-block-size-before-and-after-blasting\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Compare apparent block size before and after blasting<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Where appropriate, the estimated mean block size before blasting can be compared with the mean fragmentation size after blasting. This relationship can be used to describe the amount of size reduction achieved between the in-situ rock structure and the blasted material.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Keep the limitations of the apparent in-situ block-size estimate in mind when making this comparison.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-support-blast-planning\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-support-blast-planning\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Support blast planning<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Jointing can influence how a rock mass responds to explosive energy. Information about apparent orientation, spacing, persistence, RQD, and block structure can provide geological context when planning or reviewing blasting practices.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipJoint should be used as a source of structural information rather than as a replacement for blast-design procedures or engineering judgement.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-document-changing-ground-conditions\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-document-changing-ground-conditions\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Document changing ground conditions<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipJoint can also create a permanent image and data record of exposed rock conditions. Repeated analyses can be useful for documenting changing conditions:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>along an underground development;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>across successive quarry faces;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>along a highwall;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>through different geological units; or<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>as an excavation advances.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Consistent capture methods are particularly important when comparing results over time.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-support-geotechnical-assessment\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-support-geotechnical-assessment\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Support geotechnical assessment<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Visible discontinuity geometry is important in many geotechnical applications, and WipJoint can provide useful measurements of the exposed structure. However, rock-mass behaviour can also depend on characteristics that WipJoint does NOT fully measure, including:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>discontinuity roughness;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>aperture;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>infilling;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>weathering;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>intact rock strength;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>groundwater conditions; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>discontinuities that are NOT visible on the photographed surface.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipJoint results should therefore support, rather than replace, a complete geotechnical assessment where one is required.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                MORE INFORMATION\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                For detailed WipFrag software controls, refer to the latest <b><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=6685\">WipFrag User Manual<\/a><\/b>.<br><br>\nFor field-image capture, scaling, underground lighting, and sampling recommendations, refer to the <b><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipfrag-image-capture-and-sampling-guide\">WipFrag Image Capture and Sampling Guide<\/a><\/b>.<br><br>\nWhen WipJoint results are used for engineering or geotechnical decisions, interpret them together with appropriate geological observations, site information, and qualified professional judgement.\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#top\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#top\">Top of Page<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-getting-started-with-wipjoint\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-getting-started-with-wipjoint\">Getting Started with WipJoint<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-choose-and-capture-the-rock-face\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-choose-and-capture-the-rock-face\">1. Choose and Capture the Rock Face<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-prepare-the-analysis-in-wipfrag\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-prepare-the-analysis-in-wipfrag\">2. Prepare the Analysis in WipFrag<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-review-the-discontinuity-network\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-review-the-discontinuity-network\">3. Review the Discontinuity Network<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-generate-wipjoint-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-generate-wipjoint-results\">4. Generate WipJoint Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-understand-the-wipjoint-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-understand-the-wipjoint-results\">5. Understand the WipJoint Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-using-wipjoint-in-practice\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-using-wipjoint-in-practice\">Using WipJoint in Practice<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-wipjoint-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-wipjoint-quick-reference\">WipJoint Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-wipjoint-quick-reference\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-wipjoint-quick-reference\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">WipJoint Quick Reference<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns\"><!-- wp:column {\"width\":\"50%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-before-capture\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-before-capture\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Before Capture<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Choose a representative exposed rock surface.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Identify the discontinuities or structural conditions you want to characterize.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Select a viewpoint as square to the face as practical.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Confirm that the smallest discontinuities of interest will be visible.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Choose an appropriate scaling method.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Plan additional images if the face is large or structurally variable.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-capture\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-capture\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Capture<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Fill the image with the rock surface.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Keep the image sharp and well exposed.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Avoid strong oblique perspective.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Avoid glare or deep shadows that hide discontinuities.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Keep physical scales clearly visible if used.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Capture additional representative areas when necessary.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-analyze\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-analyze\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Analyze<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Open or capture the image in WipFrag.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Set the scale.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Complete the rock-face analysis.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Review the analyzed discontinuity network.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Generate the chart.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Right-click or tap and hold the chart.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Select <strong>WipJoint<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-review-the-results\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-review-the-results\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Review the Results<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Apparent Orientation<\/strong> \u2013 What directions dominate the visible discontinuity traces?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Apparent Spacing<\/strong> \u2013 How closely spaced are the visible joint sets?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Persistence<\/strong> \u2013 How far do the discontinuities remain visible across the exposure?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Estimated RQD<\/strong> \u2013 How does the estimated rock quality compare between representative areas?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Apparent In-Situ Block Size<\/strong> \u2013 What block structure is indicated by the visible discontinuity network?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Context<\/strong> \u2013 Do the results agree with what is visible in the original rock-face image?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"width\":\"50%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #000000;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <thead>\n        <tr>\n            <th style=\"\n                background-color: #00b050;\n                color: #ffffff;\n                font-size: 22px;\n                font-weight: bold;\n                text-align: center;\n                padding: 12px 16px;\n                border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                WIPJOINT \u2013 DO\n            <\/th>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/thead>\n\n    <tbody>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 1 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Capture a representative rock surface.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 2 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Photograph the face as directly as practical.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 3 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Keep the discontinuities of interest clearly visible.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 4 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use a sharp, well-focused image.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 5 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Scale the image correctly.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 6 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use several representative areas where structural conditions vary.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 7 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Review the discontinuity network against the original image.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 8 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Interpret orientation and spacing as apparent measurements.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 9 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Consider orientation, spacing, persistence, RQD, and block size together.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 10 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Keep the original image available when interpreting the results.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 11 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use consistent capture methods when comparing locations or changes over time.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #000000;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <thead>\n        <tr>\n            <th style=\"\n                background-color: #ee0000;\n                color: #ffffff;\n                font-size: 22px;\n                font-weight: bold;\n                text-align: center;\n                padding: 12px 16px;\n                border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                WIPJOINT \u2013 AVOID\n            <\/th>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/thead>\n\n    <tbody>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 1 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Strong oblique viewing angles.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 2 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Images where the joints of interest cannot be distinguished.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 3 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Selecting only the most visibly fractured area.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 4 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Assuming one small image represents an entire variable face.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 5 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Treating apparent orientation as true three-dimensional joint-plane orientation.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 6 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Treating apparent spacing as true normal spacing without considering the exposure.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 7 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Assuming a discontinuity ends because its trace reaches the edge of the image.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 8 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Considering the WipJoint RQD estimate as a direct drill-core measurement.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 9 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Treating apparent in-situ block size as a complete three-dimensional block survey.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 10 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Interpreting WipJoint results without reviewing the original rock surface.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 11 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Entering an unsafe area solely to obtain a better image.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\",\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"center\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#top\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#top\">Top of Page<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-getting-started-with-wipjoint\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-getting-started-with-wipjoint\">Getting Started with WipJoint<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-choose-and-capture-the-rock-face\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-choose-and-capture-the-rock-face\">1. Choose and Capture the Rock Face<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-prepare-the-analysis-in-wipfrag\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-prepare-the-analysis-in-wipfrag\">2. Prepare the Analysis in WipFrag<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-review-the-discontinuity-network\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-review-the-discontinuity-network\">3. Review the Discontinuity Network<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-generate-wipjoint-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-generate-wipjoint-results\">4. Generate WipJoint Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-understand-the-wipjoint-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-understand-the-wipjoint-results\">5. Understand the WipJoint Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-using-wipjoint-in-practice\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-using-wipjoint-in-practice\">Using WipJoint in Practice<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-wipjoint-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-wipjoint-quick-reference\">WipJoint Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:buttons {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons\"><!-- wp:button -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=10977\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PDF \u2b73<\/a><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:button --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:buttons --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator {\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-thick\",\"anchor\":\"h-related-articles\"} -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator aligncenter has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-thick\" id=\"h-related-articles\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->","post_title":"WipJoint Guide","post_excerpt":"Using WipFrag's WipJoint feature to measure rock structure, map discontinuity and characterize in-situ block size","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"wipjoint-guide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2026-10-15 17:01:28","post_modified_gmt":"2026-10-15 21:01:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=10940","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"2","filter":"raw"},{"ID":8503,"post_author":"20","post_date":"2025-10-30 11:11:50","post_date_gmt":"2025-10-30 15:11:50","post_content":"<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"width\":\"100%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\" style=\"flex-basis:100%\"><!-- wp:post-excerpt {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fill\",\"flexSize\":null},\"typography\":{\"fontStyle\":\"italic\",\"fontWeight\":\"700\"}}} \/-->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"20px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"20px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns\"><!-- wp:column {\"width\":\"100%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\" style=\"flex-basis:100%\"><!-- wp:yoast-seo\/table-of-contents {\"maxHeadingLevel\":2} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-yoast-seo-table-of-contents yoast-table-of-contents\"><h2>Table of contents<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"#h-1-start-with-the-process-not-the-measurement\" data-level=\"2\">1. Start with the Process, Not the Measurement<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-2-before-blasting-understanding-the-rock-mass\" data-level=\"2\">2. Before Blasting: Understanding the Rock Mass<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-3-after-blasting-measuring-what-was-produced\" data-level=\"2\">3. After Blasting: Measuring What Was Produced<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-4-from-pit-to-plant-measuring-material-during-haulage\" data-level=\"2\">4. From Pit to Plant: Measuring Material During Haulage<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-5-through-processing-continuous-conveyor-monitoring\" data-level=\"2\">5. Through Processing: Continuous Conveyor Monitoring<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-6-choosing-where-to-measure\" data-level=\"2\">6. Choosing Where to Measure<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-7-periodic-sampling-and-continuous-monitoring\" data-level=\"2\">7. Periodic Sampling and Continuous Monitoring<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-8-turning-measurements-into-process-decisions\" data-level=\"2\">8. Turning Measurements into Process Decisions<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-9-case-study-connecting-blast-fragmentation-to-crusher-requirements\" data-level=\"2\">9. Case Study: Connecting Blast Fragmentation to Crusher Requirements<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-10-building-long-term-visibility-across-the-life-of-a-mine\" data-level=\"2\">10. Building Long-Term Visibility Across the Life of a Mine<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-conclusion\" data-level=\"2\">Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:yoast-seo\/table-of-contents --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Rock fragmentation influences nearly every stage of mining and mineral processing. The size and distribution of material produced by blasting affect how efficiently it can be excavated, transported, crushed, and ground. Changes in fragmentation can influence equipment performance, processing costs, and the consistency of material moving through an operation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Yet these stages are often evaluated independently. Blasting teams assess their results, crusher operators monitor equipment performance, and processing personnel respond to changes in feed conditions. Without reliable measurements connecting these activities, it can be difficult to determine where variability originates or which adjustments will provide the greatest benefit.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Fragmentation measurement helps connect these stages by turning material size and other characteristics into data that can be compared, monitored, and used to guide operational decisions.<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>From pre-blast rock characterization to continuous conveyor monitoring, pit-to-plant fragmentation monitoring helps operations understand material behaviour, evaluate process performance, and identify opportunities for improvement throughout the life of a mine.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-1-start-with-the-process-not-the-measurement\">1. Start with the Process, Not the Measurement<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-2-before-blasting-understanding-the-rock-mass\">2. Before Blasting: Understanding the Rock Mass<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-3-after-blasting-measuring-what-was-produced\">3. After Blasting: Measuring What Was Produced<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-4-from-pit-to-plant-measuring-material-during-haulage\">4. From Pit to Plant: Measuring Material During Haulage<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-5-through-processing-continuous-conveyor-monitoring\">5. Through Processing: Continuous Conveyor Monitoring<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-6-choosing-where-to-measure\">6. Choosing Where to Measure<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-7-periodic-sampling-and-continuous-monitoring\">7. Periodic Sampling and Continuous Monitoring<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-8-turning-measurements-into-process-decisions\">8. Turning Measurements into Process Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-9-case-study-connecting-blast-fragmentation-to-crusher-requirements\">9. Case Study: Connecting Blast Fragmentation to Crusher Requirements<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-10-building-long-term-visibility-across-the-life-of-a-mine\">10. Building Long-Term Visibility Across the Life of a Mine<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-1-start-with-the-process-not-the-measurement\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-1-start-with-the-process-not-the-measurement\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Start with the Process, Not the Measurement<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Before deciding where to measure fragmentation, it is important to understand what the operation is trying to achieve.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>An acceptable particle size distribution (PSD) for one process may be unsuitable for another. Material that is easily handled by a large primary crusher may create difficulties in a smaller downstream crusher. Similarly, feed characteristics that support stable grinding performance at one operation may be undesirable at another.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The first step is therefore to establish the material characteristics that matter to each process.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These might include:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Maximum particle size entering a crusher or material handling system.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Particle size distribution feeding a crusher or grinding mill.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>The percentage of material within an acceptable size range.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Changes in particle size or shape between processing stages.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Variations in material characteristics between mining areas or feed sources.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Compliance with aggregate gradation requirements or other product specifications.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Once these requirements are understood, the operation can identify the measurements needed to evaluate them.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-understanding-particle-size-distribution\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-understanding-particle-size-distribution\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Understanding Particle Size Distribution<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Particle size distribution describes the relative proportions of different particle sizes within a material sample.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>It is commonly presented as a cumulative percent-passing curve, showing the percentage of material smaller than a given particle size.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>One frequently used measurement is <strong>P80<\/strong>, the particle size at which 80% of the material passes. Other measurements, such as P50 and P95, describe different portions of the distribution.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>P80 is useful for comparing feed and product sizes, tracking process changes, and evaluating crushing and grinding performance. However, it should not be treated as a complete description of the material.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Two samples can have the same P80 while containing very different proportions of oversize, intermediate particles, or fines.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, an operation concerned with crusher blockages may need to monitor the largest particles and the percentage exceeding a specific size limit. In that case, P80 alone may not provide the information needed to make a decision.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For a more detailed explanation, see <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/understanding-p80-in-crushing-and-material-processing\/\">Understanding P80 in Crushing and Material Processing<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-using-specification-envelopes\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-using-specification-envelopes\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Using Specification Envelopes<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A specification envelope defines acceptable limits for a particle size distribution.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Rather than evaluating a PSD curve without context, operators can compare measured results with an established range of acceptable material sizes.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These limits may be based on equipment requirements, product specifications, operating targets, or other performance criteria.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, a crusher may have a maximum acceptable feed size, while an aggregate producer may need to maintain a product gradation within specified limits.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":7939,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/On-Spec-Blast-1024x623.jpg\" alt=\"On spec blast information as a chart\" class=\"wp-image-7939\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipWare's measurement technologies can help operators evaluate material against defined particle size criteria. In WipFrag, specification envelopes provide a visual reference for comparing measured PSD curves with the desired distribution.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>By establishing what constitutes acceptable material before collecting measurements, operations can more readily identify meaningful deviations and determine when further investigation or corrective action is required.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-1-start-with-the-process-not-the-measurement\">1. Start with the Process, Not the Measurement<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-2-before-blasting-understanding-the-rock-mass\">2. Before Blasting: Understanding the Rock Mass<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-3-after-blasting-measuring-what-was-produced\">3. After Blasting: Measuring What Was Produced<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-4-from-pit-to-plant-measuring-material-during-haulage\">4. From Pit to Plant: Measuring Material During Haulage<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-5-through-processing-continuous-conveyor-monitoring\">5. Through Processing: Continuous Conveyor Monitoring<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-6-choosing-where-to-measure\">6. Choosing Where to Measure<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-7-periodic-sampling-and-continuous-monitoring\">7. Periodic Sampling and Continuous Monitoring<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-8-turning-measurements-into-process-decisions\">8. Turning Measurements into Process Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-9-case-study-connecting-blast-fragmentation-to-crusher-requirements\">9. Case Study: Connecting Blast Fragmentation to Crusher Requirements<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-10-building-long-term-visibility-across-the-life-of-a-mine\">10. Building Long-Term Visibility Across the Life of a Mine<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-2-before-blasting-understanding-the-rock-mass\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-2-before-blasting-understanding-the-rock-mass\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Before Blasting: Understanding the Rock Mass<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Fragmentation begins with the characteristics of the rock itself.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Rock strength, density, joint spacing, bedding, faults, and other geological features influence how explosive energy interacts with the material and how fragments develop.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Even where drilling patterns and explosive loading remain consistent, changes in geological conditions can produce different fragmentation results.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Understanding these conditions before blasting provides valuable context when evaluating the results afterward.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-rock-structure-characterization-with-wipjoint\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-rock-structure-characterization-with-wipjoint\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Rock Structure Characterization with WipJoint<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipFrag includes <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipjoint-guide\/\"><strong>WipJoint<\/strong><\/a>, a tool for characterizing rock structure from photographs of exposed rock faces.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipJoint measures apparent joint orientation, spacing, and persistence, along with estimated Rock Quality Designation (RQD) and apparent in-situ block size.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These measurements help describe structural variations within a rock mass that may influence how the material responds to blasting.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":8505,\"width\":\"641px\",\"height\":\"auto\",\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Face-1-828x1024.png\" alt=\"Pre blast rock face joint network analysis\" class=\"wp-image-8505\" style=\"width:641px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, a heavily fractured zone may break differently from an adjacent area containing larger, more competent rock blocks.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Comparing pre-blast structural characteristics with the fragmentation produced afterward can help engineers better understand these differences and evaluate the influence of geological conditions on blasting performance.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-establishing-fragmentation-objectives\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-establishing-fragmentation-objectives\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Establishing Fragmentation Objectives<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Before a blast, the operation can also establish fragmentation targets based on the requirements of downstream equipment.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These targets might include limiting oversize material that requires secondary breaking, producing a suitable feed size for the primary crusher, or maintaining a particular particle size distribution for subsequent processing.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Where appropriate, WipFrag's <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/blastcast-guide\/\"><strong>BlastCast<\/strong><\/a> tool can be used to compare modelled fragmentation with measured results from previous blasts.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>BlastCast uses the Kuz-Ram-Cunningham-Ouchterlony (KCO) model to predict fragmentation based on blast-design parameters, explosive characteristics, and rock conditions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>By calibrating the model's Rock Factor against actual fragmentation measurements, engineers can establish a baseline for comparing how changes to selected blast-design parameters may influence the predicted PSD under similar rock conditions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These assessments provide a basis for evaluating possible changes, although actual blasting results must still be measured to confirm the outcome.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For more information about the physical mechanisms and design factors influencing fragmentation, see <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\"><strong>Understanding Rock Blasting and Fragmentation<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-1-start-with-the-process-not-the-measurement\">1. Start with the Process, Not the Measurement<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-2-before-blasting-understanding-the-rock-mass\">2. Before Blasting: Understanding the Rock Mass<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-3-after-blasting-measuring-what-was-produced\">3. After Blasting: Measuring What Was Produced<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-4-from-pit-to-plant-measuring-material-during-haulage\">4. From Pit to Plant: Measuring Material During Haulage<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-5-through-processing-continuous-conveyor-monitoring\">5. Through Processing: Continuous Conveyor Monitoring<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-6-choosing-where-to-measure\">6. Choosing Where to Measure<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-7-periodic-sampling-and-continuous-monitoring\">7. Periodic Sampling and Continuous Monitoring<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-8-turning-measurements-into-process-decisions\">8. Turning Measurements into Process Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-9-case-study-connecting-blast-fragmentation-to-crusher-requirements\">9. Case Study: Connecting Blast Fragmentation to Crusher Requirements<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-10-building-long-term-visibility-across-the-life-of-a-mine\">10. Building Long-Term Visibility Across the Life of a Mine<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-3-after-blasting-measuring-what-was-produced\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-3-after-blasting-measuring-what-was-produced\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. After Blasting: Measuring What Was Produced<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Once a blast is completed, fragmentation analysis provides the first opportunity to evaluate the resulting material against the original objectives.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Visual assessments can reveal obvious oversize or uneven fragmentation, but they cannot consistently quantify the particle size distribution.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/wipfrag\/\"><strong>WipFrag<\/strong><\/a> converts photographs of exposed fragmented material into particle size distribution measurements, allowing operators to compare blast results quantitatively.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Images can be collected from muckpiles, benches, underground stopes, stockpiles, and other accessible material. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can also provide imagery covering larger exposed areas.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-comparing-blasts-and-identifying-variability\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-comparing-blasts-and-identifying-variability\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Comparing Blasts and Identifying Variability<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Quantitative measurements make it possible to compare fragmentation between different blasts, mining areas, geological conditions, and design configurations.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, an operation may compare the percentage of oversize material produced by successive blasts or assess whether changes in the drilling pattern are associated with a shift in the PSD.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Multiple images can be combined to represent a broader sampling area, while suitable UAV imagery can help reveal spatial differences across a muckpile.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":11028,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-UAV-GIS-Heatmap.png\" alt=\"A screenshot of WipFrag's GIS feature showing the heatmap of a UAV orthomosaic image analysis.\" class=\"wp-image-11028\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A fragmentation map may show that one area contains consistently larger fragments than another. When compared with geological observations and drilling records, this information can help identify conditions requiring further investigation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>However, fragmentation measurements do not independently establish why a particular result occurred. Similar patterns can arise from differences in rock structure, burden, spacing, explosive distribution, or other factors.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The greatest value comes from evaluating the measurements alongside the corresponding blast records.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-measuring-representative-material\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-measuring-representative-material\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Measuring Representative Material<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>As with any sampling method, the usefulness of fragmentation data depends on whether the measurements represent the material being evaluated.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Images should be collected from appropriate locations and under suitable conditions, with enough samples to account for material variability.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Photographic analysis measures particles visible at the surface. Buried material and particles obscured by larger fragments cannot be measured directly.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For practical guidance, see the <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipfrag-image-capture-and-sampling-guide\/\"><strong>WipFrag Image Capture &amp; Sampling Guide<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-professional-fragmentation-analysis-with-mailfrag\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-professional-fragmentation-analysis-with-mailfrag\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Professional Fragmentation Analysis with MailFrag<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Not every operation has the personnel, time, or resources to conduct fragmentation analysis internally.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For these applications, WipWare offers <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/wipfrag\/#h-mailfrag\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/wipfrag\/#h-mailfrag\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">MailFrag<\/a><\/strong>, a professional analysis service available through WipFrag.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Users prepare and submit their images with the appropriate scaling information, and WipWare's analysis specialists complete the particle delineation, review, and analysis. The completed results are returned through WipFrag.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This provides an alternative for operations that require quantitative fragmentation measurements without performing the analysis themselves.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>MailFrag can be particularly useful for occasional fragmentation assessments, specialized projects, or organizations seeking assistance with their analysis workflow.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Whether performed internally or through MailFrag, the objective remains the same: obtain reliable, representative fragmentation measurements that can support meaningful operational decisions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-1-start-with-the-process-not-the-measurement\">1. Start with the Process, Not the Measurement<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-2-before-blasting-understanding-the-rock-mass\">2. Before Blasting: Understanding the Rock Mass<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-3-after-blasting-measuring-what-was-produced\">3. After Blasting: Measuring What Was Produced<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-4-from-pit-to-plant-measuring-material-during-haulage\">4. From Pit to Plant: Measuring Material During Haulage<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-5-through-processing-continuous-conveyor-monitoring\">5. Through Processing: Continuous Conveyor Monitoring<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-6-choosing-where-to-measure\">6. Choosing Where to Measure<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-7-periodic-sampling-and-continuous-monitoring\">7. Periodic Sampling and Continuous Monitoring<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-8-turning-measurements-into-process-decisions\">8. Turning Measurements into Process Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-9-case-study-connecting-blast-fragmentation-to-crusher-requirements\">9. Case Study: Connecting Blast Fragmentation to Crusher Requirements<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-10-building-long-term-visibility-across-the-life-of-a-mine\">10. Building Long-Term Visibility Across the Life of a Mine<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-4-from-pit-to-plant-measuring-material-during-haulage\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-4-from-pit-to-plant-measuring-material-during-haulage\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. From Pit to Plant: Measuring Material During Haulage<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Fragmentation measurements collected from a muckpile describe the material at a particular stage of the operation. However, material characteristics can vary considerably as different areas are excavated, blended, transported, and delivered to processing.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This creates another opportunity for measurement.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-vehicle-load-analysis-with-reflex\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-vehicle-load-analysis-with-reflex\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vehicle Load Analysis with Reflex<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/reflex\/\"><strong>Reflex<\/strong><\/a> is an automated particle measurement system designed for material carried in haul trucks, loaders, railcars, and other vehicles.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Depending on the installation, the system can capture material in a vehicle load or as it is discharged at a receiving location.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":10037,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Reflex-AS1682869331-1024x683.png\" alt=\"Reflex measuring fragmentation in mine haul-truck loads and quarry haul-truck loads.\" class=\"wp-image-10037\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Reflex Basic provides focused maximum-size or colour monitoring, while Reflex Complete provides particle size distribution, shape, and colour measurements.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These measurements allow operators to compare material from one vehicle load to another and identify changes before the material reaches downstream equipment.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-connecting-loading-and-haulage-to-processing\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-connecting-loading-and-haulage-to-processing\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Connecting Loading and Haulage to Processing<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Load-by-load measurements can be particularly useful when material is delivered from different blasting areas or when the operation experiences substantial variability in crusher feed.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, monitoring the size distribution of material arriving at a primary crusher can help operators determine whether coarse feed conditions are isolated or recurring.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Where load identity, location, and dispatch information are available, fragmentation results can also be associated with particular mining areas or material movements.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This provides a way to connect upstream fragmentation conditions with the material being delivered to processing.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The information may support operational decisions involving material routing, feed management, oversize handling, or further investigation of a particular source.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-tracking-changes-between-the-pit-and-the-crusher\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-tracking-changes-between-the-pit-and-the-crusher\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tracking Changes Between the Pit and the Crusher<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Measurements collected at different stages can also help distinguish between fragmentation as initially produced by blasting and the material subsequently delivered to processing.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The material visible in a muckpile is not necessarily identical in distribution to the material arriving at a crusher. Loading practices, material segregation, blending, and handling can all influence the composition of individual loads.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Comparing measurements from different locations provides additional context about these changes.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This is particularly valuable when an operation is trying to understand whether inconsistent crusher feed originates with blasting, material handling, or the combination of multiple feed sources.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The objective is not necessarily to measure every fragment, but to collect useful, consistent information about the material moving between stages.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-1-start-with-the-process-not-the-measurement\">1. Start with the Process, Not the Measurement<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-2-before-blasting-understanding-the-rock-mass\">2. Before Blasting: Understanding the Rock Mass<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-3-after-blasting-measuring-what-was-produced\">3. After Blasting: Measuring What Was Produced<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-4-from-pit-to-plant-measuring-material-during-haulage\">4. From Pit to Plant: Measuring Material During Haulage<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-5-through-processing-continuous-conveyor-monitoring\">5. Through Processing: Continuous Conveyor Monitoring<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-6-choosing-where-to-measure\">6. Choosing Where to Measure<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-7-periodic-sampling-and-continuous-monitoring\">7. Periodic Sampling and Continuous Monitoring<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-8-turning-measurements-into-process-decisions\">8. Turning Measurements into Process Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-9-case-study-connecting-blast-fragmentation-to-crusher-requirements\">9. Case Study: Connecting Blast Fragmentation to Crusher Requirements<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-10-building-long-term-visibility-across-the-life-of-a-mine\">10. Building Long-Term Visibility Across the Life of a Mine<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-5-through-processing-continuous-conveyor-monitoring\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-5-through-processing-continuous-conveyor-monitoring\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Through Processing: Continuous Conveyor Monitoring<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Once material enters the crushing and processing circuit, its particle size distribution continues to change.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Crushers reduce larger particles, screens separate material into size ranges, and grinding circuits prepare feed for subsequent processing.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>At the same time, differences in rock properties, equipment condition, operating settings, and incoming material can cause the size distribution to vary.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Conveyors provide useful locations to monitor these changes while material is moving through the operation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-conveyor-particle-measurement-with-solo\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-conveyor-particle-measurement-with-solo\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conveyor Particle Measurement with Solo<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/solo\/\"><strong>Solo<\/strong><\/a> is an automated conveyor measurement system that repeatedly captures and analyzes material as it travels through a processing circuit.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Depending on its configuration, Solo can provide maximum particle size, particle size distribution, particle shape, estimated volume, and colour measurements.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":10064,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/SoloConveyorSystem-PSD-1024x683.png\" alt=\"Particle size monitoring of limestone or clinker in cement production\" class=\"wp-image-10064\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Solo Basic provides focused maximum-size or colour monitoring, while Solo Complete offers full PSD analysis and additional material measurements.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These capabilities allow operations to select a measurement approach appropriate to the decision being supported.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, detecting material that exceeds a particular size limit may only require maximum particle size monitoring. Understanding how the complete distribution changes through crushing or blending generally requires PSD measurements.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-monitoring-crusher-performance\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-monitoring-crusher-performance\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Monitoring Crusher Performance<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Installing a measurement system after a crusher allows operators to evaluate the material being produced.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Changes in product size may indicate variations in feed characteristics, operating conditions, crusher settings, or equipment wear.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A developing oversize trend can prompt an operator to investigate whether the crusher is producing material outside the desired range.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Where permitted by the equipment and control strategy, measurement data can also be integrated into process control systems to support alarms or automated adjustments.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>However, the measurements do not independently establish the cause of a change. Crusher operating data and other process information are needed to determine the appropriate response.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-screening-and-oversize-detection\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-screening-and-oversize-detection\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Screening and Oversize Detection<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Screening operations present another useful measurement point.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>When a screen wears, becomes damaged, or performs poorly, unexpected material sizes may begin appearing in its output.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Monitoring material downstream of a screen can help identify particles exceeding the intended size limit.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>An alert may allow operators to investigate a developing problem before significant quantities of out-of-spec material enter a stockpile, processing circuit, or finished product stream.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The usefulness of this application depends on the particle sizes involved and whether they can be reliably resolved by the measurement system.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-grinding-circuit-feed-monitoring\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-grinding-circuit-feed-monitoring\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Grinding Circuit Feed Monitoring<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Material size entering an autogenous (AG) or semi-autogenous grinding (SAG) circuit can strongly influence how the mill operates.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Variations in the feed size distribution may affect grinding behaviour, circulating loads, and mill stability.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Measuring material on a conveyor feeding the mill can provide information about these changes and help operators evaluate the relationship between feed characteristics and process performance.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Depending on the operation, these measurements may support decisions involving feed rates, stockpile blending, or advanced process control.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The objective is not necessarily to maintain the smallest possible feed size, but to provide material appropriate for the grinding circuit and its operating conditions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-understanding-changes-across-processing-stages\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-understanding-changes-across-processing-stages\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Understanding Changes Across Processing Stages<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Measurements become particularly informative when results from different processing locations can be compared.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, measurements collected before and after a crusher can help operators understand the relationship between incoming material and the resulting product.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Measurements at several points in a crushing circuit may reveal how changes in one stage influence the material delivered to the next.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Where appropriate, particle size data can also be evaluated alongside throughput, crusher settings, equipment power consumption, and other operating information.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This broader context helps distinguish changes in material characteristics from changes in equipment performance.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-1-start-with-the-process-not-the-measurement\">1. Start with the Process, Not the Measurement<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-2-before-blasting-understanding-the-rock-mass\">2. Before Blasting: Understanding the Rock Mass<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-3-after-blasting-measuring-what-was-produced\">3. After Blasting: Measuring What Was Produced<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-4-from-pit-to-plant-measuring-material-during-haulage\">4. From Pit to Plant: Measuring Material During Haulage<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-5-through-processing-continuous-conveyor-monitoring\">5. Through Processing: Continuous Conveyor Monitoring<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-6-choosing-where-to-measure\">6. Choosing Where to Measure<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-7-periodic-sampling-and-continuous-monitoring\">7. Periodic Sampling and Continuous Monitoring<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-8-turning-measurements-into-process-decisions\">8. Turning Measurements into Process Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-9-case-study-connecting-blast-fragmentation-to-crusher-requirements\">9. Case Study: Connecting Blast Fragmentation to Crusher Requirements<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-10-building-long-term-visibility-across-the-life-of-a-mine\">10. Building Long-Term Visibility Across the Life of a Mine<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-6-choosing-where-to-measure\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-6-choosing-where-to-measure\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. Choosing Where to Measure<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>There is no single ideal measurement location for every operation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The most useful location depends on the material, equipment, operating challenges, and the decisions that measurements are intended to support.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":11209,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Process.gif\" alt=\"An animated diagram of a mining process indicating where WipWare can be used\" class=\"wp-image-11209\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A practical approach is to start with the process question, then identify where the relevant material can be measured.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:table -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><th>Measurement location<\/th><th>What the measurement can help evaluate<\/th><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Pre-blast rock face<\/strong><\/td><td>Geological structure and conditions influencing fragmentation<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Blasted muckpile<\/strong><\/td><td>Blast performance, oversize, PSD, and spatial variability<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Vehicle loads or discharge points<\/strong><\/td><td>Load-to-load variation and material arriving from different sources<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Pre-primary crusher<\/strong><\/td><td>Incoming feed characteristics and material variability<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Post-primary crusher<\/strong><\/td><td>Crusher product size, oversize trends, and performance changes<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Post-secondary or tertiary crusher<\/strong><\/td><td>Product consistency and the effects of crushing adjustments<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Post-screen conveyor<\/strong><\/td><td>Unexpected oversize, screen performance, and product compliance<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Grinding circuit feed<\/strong><\/td><td>Feed size variability, blending decisions, and process stability<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:table -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These locations are not interchangeable. Each answers a different operational question.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-before-or-after-a-crusher\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-before-or-after-a-crusher\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Before or After a Crusher?<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A measurement before a crusher describes the material entering the machine. It can help establish whether variations in feed size may be contributing to changes in performance.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A measurement after the crusher describes the material produced. It can help evaluate whether the output meets the desired requirements and whether the distribution changes over time.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Both measurements can be useful together because they provide information about the relationship between incoming material and the resulting product.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>However, the additional information only creates value when the operation has a reason to use it.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-choosing-the-right-measurement-system\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-choosing-the-right-measurement-system\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Choosing the Right Measurement System<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Selecting a measurement system involves more than determining where it will be installed. The technology must also provide the information needed to support the intended operational decision.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipWare offers different measurement approaches based on how material is presented and what characteristics need to be evaluated.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>WipFrag<\/strong> supports on-demand fragmentation and particle analysis from photographs collected in the field, laboratory, underground, or by UAV.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Reflex<\/strong> provides automated measurements of material in vehicle loads or during discharge, helping operations monitor load-to-load variability.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Solo<\/strong> provides repeated measurements of material on conveyors and process lines, supporting continuous monitoring and process control.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For automated systems, choosing between Basic and Complete configurations depends on the information required.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Basic \u2014 Focused Monitoring<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Solo Basic and Reflex Basic are designed for applications where the primary objective is to monitor maximum particle size or material colour.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, an operation may need to identify oversize material approaching a crusher, detect unexpected particles after screening, or monitor colour changes that could indicate differences in material characteristics.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Where a single measurement can provide the required operational signal, Basic may offer a more appropriate solution than full PSD analysis.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Complete \u2014 Comprehensive Material Analysis<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Solo Complete and Reflex Complete provide full particle size distribution measurements, along with particle shape and colour information. Solo Complete also provides estimated material volume.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These configurations are useful when operations need to understand changes across multiple particle size classes, compare complete distributions, or evaluate material characteristics over time.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Applications include monitoring crusher performance, evaluating grinding circuit feed, comparing material from different sources, and assessing compliance with particle size targets.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-matching-the-measurement-to-the-application\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-matching-the-measurement-to-the-application\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Matching the Measurement to the Application<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A more comprehensive measurement system is not necessarily more useful for every application.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, detecting particles above a defined size limit may require only maximum-size monitoring. By contrast, understanding how a crusher changes the overall particle size distribution generally requires more detailed PSD measurements.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The appropriate system also depends on whether the material can be measured reliably under the proposed installation conditions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Factors such as particle size, visibility, field of view, mounting distance, material movement, and environmental conditions all influence system selection.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The objective is to select the measurement capability that provides useful information for the process, without introducing unnecessary complexity.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-understanding-detectable-particle-size-ranges\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-understanding-detectable-particle-size-ranges\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Understanding Detectable Particle Size Ranges<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>An important consideration when selecting a measurement location is whether the system can reliably distinguish the particle sizes that matter to the operation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For optical conveyor monitoring, the detectable size range depends on camera resolution, lens selection, mounting distance, and field of view. A wider field of view allows the system to observe a larger area of material but reduces the image detail available for identifying smaller particles. A narrower field of view improves resolution for smaller particles but may limit coverage of larger material or the full material stream.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, monitoring coarse primary crusher output on a wide conveyor presents different requirements from measuring smaller material feeding a grinding mill. The appropriate camera configuration must account for both the material size distribution and the physical conditions at the measurement location.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These considerations are particularly important when selecting between maximum-size detection and complete particle size distribution analysis.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For a more detailed explanation, including practical installation examples, see <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/understanding-size-ranges-in-conveyor-belt-analysis\/\"><strong>Understanding Size Ranges in Conveyor Belt Analysis<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-1-start-with-the-process-not-the-measurement\">1. Start with the Process, Not the Measurement<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-2-before-blasting-understanding-the-rock-mass\">2. Before Blasting: Understanding the Rock Mass<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-3-after-blasting-measuring-what-was-produced\">3. After Blasting: Measuring What Was Produced<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-4-from-pit-to-plant-measuring-material-during-haulage\">4. From Pit to Plant: Measuring Material During Haulage<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-5-through-processing-continuous-conveyor-monitoring\">5. Through Processing: Continuous Conveyor Monitoring<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-6-choosing-where-to-measure\">6. Choosing Where to Measure<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-7-periodic-sampling-and-continuous-monitoring\">7. Periodic Sampling and Continuous Monitoring<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-8-turning-measurements-into-process-decisions\">8. Turning Measurements into Process Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-9-case-study-connecting-blast-fragmentation-to-crusher-requirements\">9. Case Study: Connecting Blast Fragmentation to Crusher Requirements<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-10-building-long-term-visibility-across-the-life-of-a-mine\">10. Building Long-Term Visibility Across the Life of a Mine<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-7-periodic-sampling-and-continuous-monitoring\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-7-periodic-sampling-and-continuous-monitoring\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. Periodic Sampling and Continuous Monitoring<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Traditional sieve analysis remains an important method of particle size measurement.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>When properly performed, it provides a physical assessment of the sampled material and can include fractions that are difficult to resolve through optical measurements.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>However, a sample collected periodically represents the material taken at that particular time and location.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>If material characteristics change significantly between samples, those variations may not be captured.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-the-value-of-more-frequent-measurements\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-the-value-of-more-frequent-measurements\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Value of More Frequent Measurements<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Automated monitoring systems repeatedly collect measurements while material moves through the process.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Instead of relying entirely on measurements taken at occasional intervals, operators can observe developing trends, compare operating periods, and identify unexpected changes.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, a crusher may produce material within the desired size range during a scheduled sampling period but experience intermittent oversize events during other operating conditions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A monitoring system can provide additional information about those variations.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Continuous monitoring does not mean that every particle is measured. Optical systems sample visible material at repeated intervals, and their results are influenced by the measurement frequency, installation geometry, and characteristics of the material.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Nevertheless, repeated measurements can reveal patterns that periodic sampling alone may miss.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-why-both-methods-matter\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-why-both-methods-matter\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why Both Methods Matter<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Automated optical measurements and physical sieve analysis provide complementary information.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Sieve analysis can help characterize bulk material and provide reference measurements, while automated systems provide more frequent observations of process behaviour.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Where appropriate, comparative sampling and calibration can help establish relationships between optical measurements and laboratory results.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Rather than treating one method as a replacement for the other, operations can combine them to support a more comprehensive understanding of material size and process variability.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The objective is to collect measurements that are both meaningful and sufficiently representative of the decisions they will inform.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-1-start-with-the-process-not-the-measurement\">1. Start with the Process, Not the Measurement<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-2-before-blasting-understanding-the-rock-mass\">2. Before Blasting: Understanding the Rock Mass<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-3-after-blasting-measuring-what-was-produced\">3. After Blasting: Measuring What Was Produced<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-4-from-pit-to-plant-measuring-material-during-haulage\">4. From Pit to Plant: Measuring Material During Haulage<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-5-through-processing-continuous-conveyor-monitoring\">5. Through Processing: Continuous Conveyor Monitoring<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-6-choosing-where-to-measure\">6. Choosing Where to Measure<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-7-periodic-sampling-and-continuous-monitoring\">7. Periodic Sampling and Continuous Monitoring<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-8-turning-measurements-into-process-decisions\">8. Turning Measurements into Process Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-9-case-study-connecting-blast-fragmentation-to-crusher-requirements\">9. Case Study: Connecting Blast Fragmentation to Crusher Requirements<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-10-building-long-term-visibility-across-the-life-of-a-mine\">10. Building Long-Term Visibility Across the Life of a Mine<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-8-turning-measurements-into-process-decisions\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-8-turning-measurements-into-process-decisions\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">8. Turning Measurements into Process Decisions<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Collecting more data does not automatically improve an operation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The practical value of measurement comes from establishing how the information will be evaluated and what action may be taken when conditions change.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A useful monitoring strategy links three elements:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list {\"ordered\":true,\"start\":1} -->\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Measurement:<\/strong> What material characteristic is being monitored?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Target:<\/strong> What range or condition is considered acceptable?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Response:<\/strong> What should happen when the measurement indicates a meaningful deviation?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ol>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-using-size-limits-and-specification-envelopes\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-using-size-limits-and-specification-envelopes\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Using Size Limits and Specification Envelopes<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A maximum particle size limit may be sufficient when the objective is to detect oversize material that could interfere with downstream equipment.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Other applications require monitoring the overall PSD against a specification envelope.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, a process may require that a particular percentage of material remain within an acceptable size range rather than simply remaining below a maximum size.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Comparing measurements against these limits allows operators to identify whether the material is within specification and how its distribution changes.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The appropriate limits must be established from the requirements of the equipment or process, rather than from general particle size targets.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-from-alerts-to-automation\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-from-alerts-to-automation\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">From Alerts to Automation<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Measurement results can be presented to operators for review, connected to alarms, or incorporated into a plant control system where supported.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipWare's automated systems can communicate measurement data through industrial protocols such as Modbus TCP and OPC UA.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This makes it possible to integrate particle measurements with other operating information used by a PLC, SCADA system, or control strategy.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, detecting a developing oversize condition after a crusher might prompt an operator to review the crusher settings or equipment condition.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>With suitable engineering and safeguards, the measurement could also contribute to an automated control strategy.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>One historical WipWare application at a mining operation in northern Quebec illustrates this approach. The operation needed to control material exceeding approximately 6 inches (150 mm) after primary crushing. Working with Xstrata Process Support (XPS) and a hydraulic toggle supplier, WipWare helped implement a system that identified oversize conditions and communicated with a PLC to support automatic crusher-setting adjustments.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The application demonstrates how particle measurements can become practical control inputs when integrated with appropriate equipment and process safeguards.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The decision to automate should depend on how reliably the measurement represents the process, how quickly a response is needed, and the operating consequences of the proposed adjustment.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The objective is to use measurement as a dependable input to an appropriate operational decision, not to automate simply because data is available.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-1-start-with-the-process-not-the-measurement\">1. Start with the Process, Not the Measurement<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-2-before-blasting-understanding-the-rock-mass\">2. Before Blasting: Understanding the Rock Mass<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-3-after-blasting-measuring-what-was-produced\">3. After Blasting: Measuring What Was Produced<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-4-from-pit-to-plant-measuring-material-during-haulage\">4. From Pit to Plant: Measuring Material During Haulage<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-5-through-processing-continuous-conveyor-monitoring\">5. Through Processing: Continuous Conveyor Monitoring<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-6-choosing-where-to-measure\">6. Choosing Where to Measure<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-7-periodic-sampling-and-continuous-monitoring\">7. Periodic Sampling and Continuous Monitoring<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-8-turning-measurements-into-process-decisions\">8. Turning Measurements into Process Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-9-case-study-connecting-blast-fragmentation-to-crusher-requirements\">9. Case Study: Connecting Blast Fragmentation to Crusher Requirements<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-10-building-long-term-visibility-across-the-life-of-a-mine\">10. Building Long-Term Visibility Across the Life of a Mine<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-9-case-study-connecting-blast-fragmentation-to-crusher-requirements\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-9-case-study-connecting-blast-fragmentation-to-crusher-requirements\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">9. Case Study: Connecting Blast Fragmentation to Crusher Requirements<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A research program at dstgroup's aggregate quarry in Portugal demonstrates how fragmentation measurement can connect blast evaluation with downstream processing requirements.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The research involved WipWare, O-Pitblast, and dstgroup, with the objective of improving the relationship between blasting performance and primary crusher compatibility.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-establishing-a-measurable-baseline\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-establishing-a-measurable-baseline\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Establishing a Measurable Baseline<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The initial phase combined detailed bench topography, blasthole surveys, blast-design simulation, and fragmentation measurement.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Using WipFrag, the researchers evaluated particle size distributions from blasted material and compared the results with the quarry's primary crusher requirements.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A crusher compatibility envelope helped identify material within the desired size range and oversize material requiring additional handling or breaking.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The initial assessments revealed differences between predicted and measured fragmentation, along with variations associated with blast geometry and drilling accuracy.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These findings provided a baseline for evaluating subsequent adjustments.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-evaluating-blast-design-changes\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-evaluating-blast-design-changes\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Evaluating Blast Design Changes<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Later phases of the research investigated changes to blast-design parameters, including stemming properties, subdrilling, drilling accuracy, and initiation timing.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Fragmentation measurements were used to compare the outcomes and evaluate whether the changes brought the material closer to the crusher's desired feed distribution.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The research ultimately demonstrated measurable improvements following targeted blast-design adjustments, including an 11% reduction in D80, a 19% reduction in maximum fragment size, and a 21% improvement in fragmentation efficiency. These changes brought the run-of-mine particle size distribution (PSD) 15% closer to the crusher compatibility envelope.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These results describe the particular conditions and comparisons used in the research, rather than performance improvements that can be assumed at other operations.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":8511,\"width\":\"693px\",\"height\":\"auto\",\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Result-1-1024x684.png\" alt=\"Result Blast comparison with focus blast parameters in blue and blast results in orange\" class=\"wp-image-8511\" style=\"width:693px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-extending-measurement-to-crusher-feed\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-extending-measurement-to-crusher-feed\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Extending Measurement to Crusher Feed<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The research also incorporated automated measurements using Reflex near the primary crusher.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These observations helped evaluate material arriving for processing and provided an additional way to compare the effects of blast-design changes over time. As mentioned above, following the initial blast-design adjustments, the run-of-mine particle size distribution (PSD) moved 15% closer to the crusher compatibility envelope established during the baseline phase.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The significance of the work is not simply that one blast produced smaller fragments.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>It demonstrates a measurement-driven process in which crusher requirements helped define the fragmentation targets, blast outcomes were measured, adjustments were evaluated, and subsequent material characteristics were monitored.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This approach connects the blasting operation with the requirements of downstream equipment rather than treating fragmentation as an isolated blasting result.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For further reading, see the published journal articles <strong><em>A Mine-to-Crusher Framework for Aggregate Operations<\/em><\/strong>: <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/ISEE-37.-Mine-to-Crusher-Framework-for-Quarries-Taiwo.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Part 1<\/strong><\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/391348416_A_Mine-to-Crusher_Framework_for_Aggregate_Operations_-_Part_2\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/391348416_A_Mine-to-Crusher_Framework_for_Aggregate_Operations_-_Part_2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Part 2<\/strong><\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/onemine.org\/documents\/a-mine-to-crusher-framework-for-aggregate-operations-part-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Part 3<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-1-start-with-the-process-not-the-measurement\">1. Start with the Process, Not the Measurement<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-2-before-blasting-understanding-the-rock-mass\">2. Before Blasting: Understanding the Rock Mass<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-3-after-blasting-measuring-what-was-produced\">3. After Blasting: Measuring What Was Produced<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-4-from-pit-to-plant-measuring-material-during-haulage\">4. From Pit to Plant: Measuring Material During Haulage<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-5-through-processing-continuous-conveyor-monitoring\">5. Through Processing: Continuous Conveyor Monitoring<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-6-choosing-where-to-measure\">6. Choosing Where to Measure<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-7-periodic-sampling-and-continuous-monitoring\">7. Periodic Sampling and Continuous Monitoring<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-8-turning-measurements-into-process-decisions\">8. Turning Measurements into Process Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-9-case-study-connecting-blast-fragmentation-to-crusher-requirements\">9. Case Study: Connecting Blast Fragmentation to Crusher Requirements<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-10-building-long-term-visibility-across-the-life-of-a-mine\">10. Building Long-Term Visibility Across the Life of a Mine<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-10-building-long-term-visibility-across-the-life-of-a-mine\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-10-building-long-term-visibility-across-the-life-of-a-mine\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">10. Building Long-Term Visibility Across the Life of a Mine<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Individual measurements provide information about material at a particular time and location.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Their value can grow when results are collected consistently, associated with operating conditions, and compared over longer periods.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>As mining progresses, operations encounter different geological zones, material characteristics, equipment conditions, and processing requirements.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Measurements collected over time can help document these changes and provide a reference for evaluating subsequent performance.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-connecting-measurements-across-stages\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-connecting-measurements-across-stages\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Connecting Measurements Across Stages<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipWare's technologies provide complementary ways to characterize material throughout the mining and processing cycle:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>WipJoint<\/strong> characterizes exposed rock structure before blasting.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>WipFrag<\/strong> evaluates post-blast fragmentation and other accessible material samples.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>BlastCast<\/strong> helps compare measured fragmentation with modelled outcomes and investigate potential design changes.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Reflex<\/strong> provides automated vehicle-load measurements between loading, haulage, and processing.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Solo<\/strong> provides repeated material measurements on conveyors and process lines.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>MailFrag<\/strong> provides specialist-assisted WipFrag analysis where internal analysis resources are limited.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These technologies do not all measure material in the same way, nor do they need to be deployed together to provide value.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Each addresses a different measurement requirement, and the usefulness of combining results depends on appropriate sampling, calibration, consistent reporting, and the operating information available.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, a mine may compare WipFrag measurements from a blast with subsequent Reflex measurements of truckloads leaving that mining area. Solo measurements can then provide information about material entering or leaving a processing stage.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>When these results are associated with their locations, times, sources, and operating conditions, they can help explain how material characteristics change as production progresses.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-evaluating-trends-and-operational-changes\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-evaluating-trends-and-operational-changes\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Evaluating Trends and Operational Changes<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Long-term measurement records can also support comparisons between operating periods.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A mine might evaluate fragmentation before and after a change in blasting practices, examine crusher product size as equipment wears, or compare grinding circuit feed characteristics from different mining areas.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Measurements can be evaluated alongside operating indicators such as throughput, power consumption, equipment settings, maintenance records, and material routing.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This helps engineers investigate whether changes in material characteristics are associated with changes in process performance.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Importantly, fragmentation measurements do not directly quantify energy efficiency, equipment wear, or cost savings. Those outcomes require corresponding operational data.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The value of fragmentation measurement is that it adds material-characterization information to those evaluations, helping operators better understand the conditions influencing performance.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-building-a-consistent-improvement-process\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-building-a-consistent-improvement-process\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Building a Consistent Improvement Process<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A measurement-driven improvement program begins by defining the requirements of the operation and establishing meaningful targets.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Measurements are then collected at selected locations to determine how actual material characteristics compare with those requirements.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>When conditions differ from expectations, the results can be evaluated alongside the corresponding geological, equipment, and operating information.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Changes to blasting, crushing, screening, or other process settings can then be assessed using subsequent measurements.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Over time, this creates a feedback process in which operational decisions are informed by observed material behaviour rather than assumptions alone.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Not every operation needs measurement systems at every stage. A single well-placed system may provide considerable value when it addresses an important operational problem.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Other operations may benefit from combining measurements at several locations to understand how material changes as it moves through production.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>The objective is to establish the right measurements, at the right locations, with a clear purpose for using the results.<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-1-start-with-the-process-not-the-measurement\">1. Start with the Process, Not the Measurement<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-2-before-blasting-understanding-the-rock-mass\">2. Before Blasting: Understanding the Rock Mass<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-3-after-blasting-measuring-what-was-produced\">3. After Blasting: Measuring What Was Produced<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-4-from-pit-to-plant-measuring-material-during-haulage\">4. From Pit to Plant: Measuring Material During Haulage<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-5-through-processing-continuous-conveyor-monitoring\">5. Through Processing: Continuous Conveyor Monitoring<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-6-choosing-where-to-measure\">6. Choosing Where to Measure<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-7-periodic-sampling-and-continuous-monitoring\">7. Periodic Sampling and Continuous Monitoring<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-8-turning-measurements-into-process-decisions\">8. Turning Measurements into Process Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-9-case-study-connecting-blast-fragmentation-to-crusher-requirements\">9. Case Study: Connecting Blast Fragmentation to Crusher Requirements<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-10-building-long-term-visibility-across-the-life-of-a-mine\">10. Building Long-Term Visibility Across the Life of a Mine<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-conclusion\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-conclusion\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Fragmentation affects much more than the immediate results of a blast.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Material characteristics influence loading, haulage, crushing, screening, grinding, and the consistency of downstream processing. Understanding these relationships requires measurements that can be connected to the operating decisions made at each stage.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>From pre-blast rock characterization and fragmentation assessment to automated vehicle-load and conveyor monitoring, WipWare provides complementary technologies for understanding how material changes throughout an operation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Together with appropriate sampling, operating records, and process targets, these measurements can help operations identify variability, evaluate changes, and develop more consistent approaches to process improvement.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Over the life of a mine, the resulting measurement history can provide valuable context for understanding changing material conditions, comparing operating strategies, and informing future decisions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The value is not simply in collecting more information. It is in understanding what the measurements mean and using them to make better-informed decisions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Because you can't manage what you can't measure<\/strong>!<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-1-start-with-the-process-not-the-measurement\">1. Start with the Process, Not the Measurement<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-2-before-blasting-understanding-the-rock-mass\">2. Before Blasting: Understanding the Rock Mass<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-3-after-blasting-measuring-what-was-produced\">3. After Blasting: Measuring What Was Produced<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-4-from-pit-to-plant-measuring-material-during-haulage\">4. From Pit to Plant: Measuring Material During Haulage<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-5-through-processing-continuous-conveyor-monitoring\">5. Through Processing: Continuous Conveyor Monitoring<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-6-choosing-where-to-measure\">6. Choosing Where to Measure<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-7-periodic-sampling-and-continuous-monitoring\">7. Periodic Sampling and Continuous Monitoring<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-8-turning-measurements-into-process-decisions\">8. Turning Measurements into Process Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-9-case-study-connecting-blast-fragmentation-to-crusher-requirements\">9. Case Study: Connecting Blast Fragmentation to Crusher Requirements<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-10-building-long-term-visibility-across-the-life-of-a-mine\">10. Building Long-Term Visibility Across the Life of a Mine<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator {\"anchor\":\"h-related-articles\"} -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" id=\"h-related-articles\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->","post_title":"From Blast to Mill: Using Fragmentation Data to Improve Mining Performance","post_excerpt":"Explore how fragmentation measurements support better decisions from blasting through mineral processing, including rock characterization, crusher feed monitoring, and continuous particle size analysis.","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"evaluating-rock-comminution-from-pre-blast-to-post-blast-and-through-mineral-processing","to_ping":"","pinged":"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/understanding-p80-in-crushing-and-material-processing\/\nhttps:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipjoint-guide\/\nhttps:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/blastcast-guide\/\nhttps:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/","post_modified":"2026-10-16 13:42:01","post_modified_gmt":"2026-10-16 17:42:01","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=8503","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"5","filter":"raw"}]},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.7 (Yoast SEO v28.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Rock Blasting and Fragmentation Explained &#8226; WipWare<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn how rock properties, burden, spacing, drilling accuracy, and explosive energy influence blast fragmentation and how results can be measured.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/fr\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Understanding Rock Blasting and Fragmentation\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"What determines blast fragmentation? 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