{"id":8503,"date":"2025-10-30T11:11:50","date_gmt":"2025-10-30T15:11:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=8503"},"modified":"2026-10-21T15:43:34","modified_gmt":"2026-10-21T19:43:34","slug":"evaluating-rock-comminution-from-pre-blast-to-post-blast-and-through-mineral-processing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/kb\/evaluating-rock-comminution-from-pre-blast-to-post-blast-and-through-mineral-processing\/","title":{"rendered":"De la voladura a la planta de procesamiento: uso de datos de fragmentaci\u00f3n para mejorar el rendimiento minero."},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:100%\"><div style=\"font-style:italic;font-weight:700\" class=\"wp-block-post-excerpt wp-container-content-9cfa9a5a\"><p class=\"wp-block-post-excerpt__excerpt\">Descubra c\u00f3mo las mediciones de fragmentaci\u00f3n contribuyen a tomar mejores decisiones, desde la voladura hasta el procesamiento de minerales, incluyendo la caracterizaci\u00f3n de rocas, el monitoreo de la alimentaci\u00f3n de la trituradora y el an\u00e1lisis continuo del tama\u00f1o de las part\u00edculas. <\/p><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:100%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-yoast-seo-table-of-contents yoast-table-of-contents\"><h2>Tabla de contenido<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"#h-1-start-with-the-process-not-the-measurement\" data-level=\"2\">1. Empiece por el proceso, no por la medici\u00f3n.<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-2-before-blasting-understanding-the-rock-mass\" data-level=\"2\">2. Antes de la voladura: Comprender la masa rocosa<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-3-after-blasting-measuring-what-was-produced\" data-level=\"2\">3. Despu\u00e9s de la voladura: Midiendo lo que se produjo<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-4-from-pit-to-plant-measuring-material-during-haulage\" data-level=\"2\">4. Del pozo a la planta: Medici\u00f3n del material durante el transporte<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-5-through-processing-continuous-conveyor-monitoring\" data-level=\"2\">5. Procesamiento continuo: Monitoreo continuo de la cinta transportadora<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-6-choosing-where-to-measure\" data-level=\"2\">6. Elegir d\u00f3nde medir<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-7-periodic-sampling-and-continuous-monitoring\" data-level=\"2\">7. Muestreo peri\u00f3dico y monitoreo continuo<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-8-turning-measurements-into-process-decisions\" data-level=\"2\">8. Convertir las mediciones en decisiones de proceso<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-9-case-study-connecting-blast-fragmentation-to-crusher-requirements\" data-level=\"2\">9. Estudio de caso: Conexi\u00f3n entre la fragmentaci\u00f3n por explosi\u00f3n y los requisitos de la trituradora<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-10-building-long-term-visibility-across-the-life-of-a-mine\" data-level=\"2\">10. Generar visibilidad a largo plazo durante la vida \u00fatil de una mina.<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-conclusion\" data-level=\"2\">Conclusi\u00f3n<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La fragmentaci\u00f3n de la roca influye en casi todas las etapas de la miner\u00eda y el procesamiento de minerales. El tama\u00f1o y la distribuci\u00f3n del material producido por las voladuras afectan la eficiencia con la que se puede excavar, transportar, triturar y moler. Los cambios en la fragmentaci\u00f3n pueden influir en el rendimiento de los equipos, los costos de procesamiento y la uniformidad del material que se mueve a lo largo de la operaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sin embargo, estas etapas suelen evaluarse de forma independiente. Los equipos de voladura analizan sus resultados, los operadores de trituradoras supervisan el rendimiento de los equipos y el personal de procesamiento responde a los cambios en las condiciones de alimentaci\u00f3n. Sin mediciones fiables que conecten estas actividades, puede resultar dif\u00edcil determinar el origen de la variabilidad o qu\u00e9 ajustes aportar\u00e1n el mayor beneficio.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>La medici\u00f3n de la fragmentaci\u00f3n ayuda a conectar estas etapas al convertir el tama\u00f1o del material y otras caracter\u00edsticas en datos que se pueden comparar, monitorear y utilizar para orientar las decisiones operativas.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Desde la caracterizaci\u00f3n de la roca previa a la voladura hasta la monitorizaci\u00f3n continua de las cintas transportadoras, la monitorizaci\u00f3n de la fragmentaci\u00f3n desde la mina hasta la planta ayuda a las operaciones a comprender el comportamiento del material, evaluar el rendimiento del proceso e identificar oportunidades de mejora a lo largo de la vida \u00fatil de una mina.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Saltar a:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size is-horizontal is-layout-flex wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-1-start-with-the-process-not-the-measurement\">1. Empiece por el proceso, no por la medici\u00f3n.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-2-before-blasting-understanding-the-rock-mass\">2. Antes de la voladura: Comprender la masa rocosa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-3-after-blasting-measuring-what-was-produced\">3. Despu\u00e9s de la voladura: Midiendo lo que se produjo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-4-from-pit-to-plant-measuring-material-during-haulage\">4. Del pozo a la planta: Medici\u00f3n del material durante el transporte<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-5-through-processing-continuous-conveyor-monitoring\">5. Procesamiento continuo: Monitoreo continuo de la cinta transportadora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-6-choosing-where-to-measure\">6. Elegir d\u00f3nde medir<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-7-periodic-sampling-and-continuous-monitoring\">7. Muestreo peri\u00f3dico y monitoreo continuo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-8-turning-measurements-into-process-decisions\">8. Convertir las mediciones en decisiones de proceso<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-9-case-study-connecting-blast-fragmentation-to-crusher-requirements\">9. Estudio de caso: Conexi\u00f3n entre la fragmentaci\u00f3n por explosi\u00f3n y los requisitos de la trituradora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-10-building-long-term-visibility-across-the-life-of-a-mine\">10. Generar visibilidad a largo plazo durante la vida \u00fatil de una mina.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-conclusion\">Conclusi\u00f3n<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Art\u00edculos relacionados<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 id=\"h-1-start-with-the-process-not-the-measurement\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Empiece por el proceso, no por la medici\u00f3n.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Antes de decidir d\u00f3nde medir la fragmentaci\u00f3n, es importante comprender qu\u00e9 es lo que la operaci\u00f3n intenta lograr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Una distribuci\u00f3n de tama\u00f1o de part\u00edcula (DTP) aceptable para un proceso puede no serlo para otro. Un material que se procesa f\u00e1cilmente en una trituradora primaria grande puede presentar dificultades en una trituradora posterior m\u00e1s peque\u00f1a. Del mismo modo, las caracter\u00edsticas de la alimentaci\u00f3n que favorecen un rendimiento de molienda estable en una operaci\u00f3n pueden ser indeseables en otra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Por lo tanto, el primer paso consiste en establecer las caracter\u00edsticas del material que son relevantes para cada proceso.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Estos podr\u00edan incluir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tama\u00f1o m\u00e1ximo de part\u00edcula que ingresa a una trituradora o sistema de manejo de materiales.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Distribuci\u00f3n del tama\u00f1o de las part\u00edculas que alimentan una trituradora o molino.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>El porcentaje de material dentro de un rango de tama\u00f1o aceptable.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cambios en el tama\u00f1o o la forma de las part\u00edculas entre las distintas etapas del proceso.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Variaciones en las caracter\u00edsticas del material entre las distintas zonas mineras o fuentes de alimentaci\u00f3n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cumplimiento de los requisitos de granulometr\u00eda de los \u00e1ridos u otras especificaciones del producto.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Una vez comprendidos estos requisitos, la operaci\u00f3n podr\u00e1 identificar las mediciones necesarias para evaluarlos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-understanding-particle-size-distribution\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Comprensi\u00f3n de la distribuci\u00f3n del tama\u00f1o de las part\u00edculas<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La distribuci\u00f3n del tama\u00f1o de las part\u00edculas describe las proporciones relativas de los diferentes tama\u00f1os de part\u00edculas dentro de una muestra de material.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Generalmente se presenta como una curva de porcentaje acumulativo que muestra el porcentaje de material con un tama\u00f1o de part\u00edcula inferior a un tama\u00f1o determinado.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Una medida que se usa con frecuencia es <strong>P80<\/strong>, el tama\u00f1o de part\u00edcula en el que pasa el 80% del material. Otras mediciones, como P50 y P95, describen diferentes porciones de la distribuci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El P80 es \u00fatil para comparar tama\u00f1os de materia prima y producto, realizar un seguimiento de los cambios en el proceso y evaluar el rendimiento de trituraci\u00f3n y molienda. Sin embargo, no debe considerarse una descripci\u00f3n completa del material.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dos muestras pueden tener el mismo P80, pero contener proporciones muy diferentes de part\u00edculas de gran tama\u00f1o, part\u00edculas intermedias o part\u00edculas finas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Por ejemplo, una operaci\u00f3n relacionada con obstrucciones en trituradoras podr\u00eda necesitar monitorear las part\u00edculas m\u00e1s grandes y el porcentaje que excede un l\u00edmite de tama\u00f1o espec\u00edfico. En ese caso, el valor P80 por s\u00ed solo podr\u00eda no proporcionar la informaci\u00f3n necesaria para tomar una decisi\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para una explicaci\u00f3n m\u00e1s detallada, consulte <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/kb\/understanding-p80-in-crushing-and-material-processing\/\">Comprensi\u00f3n del P80 en la trituraci\u00f3n y el procesamiento de materiales<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-using-specification-envelopes\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Uso de sobres de especificaciones<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un marco de especificaci\u00f3n define los l\u00edmites aceptables para una distribuci\u00f3n del tama\u00f1o de las part\u00edculas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En lugar de evaluar una curva PSD sin contexto, los operadores pueden comparar los resultados medidos con un rango establecido de tama\u00f1os de material aceptables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Estos l\u00edmites pueden basarse en los requisitos del equipo, las especificaciones del producto, los objetivos operativos u otros criterios de rendimiento.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Por ejemplo, una trituradora puede tener un tama\u00f1o m\u00e1ximo de alimentaci\u00f3n aceptable, mientras que un productor de \u00e1ridos puede necesitar mantener la granulometr\u00eda del producto dentro de l\u00edmites espec\u00edficos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"623\" src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/On-Spec-Blast-1024x623.jpg\" alt=\"Informaci\u00f3n sobre la explosi\u00f3n especulativa como un gr\u00e1fico\" class=\"wp-image-7939\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Las tecnolog\u00edas de medici\u00f3n de WipWare pueden ayudar a los operadores a evaluar el material seg\u00fan criterios de tama\u00f1o de part\u00edcula definidos. En WipFrag, los rangos de especificaci\u00f3n proporcionan una referencia visual para comparar las curvas de distribuci\u00f3n del tama\u00f1o de part\u00edcula medidas con la distribuci\u00f3n deseada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Al establecer qu\u00e9 constituye material aceptable antes de tomar las mediciones, las operaciones pueden identificar m\u00e1s f\u00e1cilmente las desviaciones significativas y determinar cu\u00e1ndo se requiere una investigaci\u00f3n adicional o una acci\u00f3n correctiva.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Saltar a:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size is-horizontal is-layout-flex wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-1-start-with-the-process-not-the-measurement\">1. Empiece por el proceso, no por la medici\u00f3n.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-2-before-blasting-understanding-the-rock-mass\">2. Antes de la voladura: Comprender la masa rocosa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-3-after-blasting-measuring-what-was-produced\">3. Despu\u00e9s de la voladura: Midiendo lo que se produjo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-4-from-pit-to-plant-measuring-material-during-haulage\">4. Del pozo a la planta: Medici\u00f3n del material durante el transporte<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-5-through-processing-continuous-conveyor-monitoring\">5. Procesamiento continuo: Monitoreo continuo de la cinta transportadora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-6-choosing-where-to-measure\">6. Elegir d\u00f3nde medir<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-7-periodic-sampling-and-continuous-monitoring\">7. Muestreo peri\u00f3dico y monitoreo continuo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-8-turning-measurements-into-process-decisions\">8. Convertir las mediciones en decisiones de proceso<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-9-case-study-connecting-blast-fragmentation-to-crusher-requirements\">9. Estudio de caso: Conexi\u00f3n entre la fragmentaci\u00f3n por explosi\u00f3n y los requisitos de la trituradora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-10-building-long-term-visibility-across-the-life-of-a-mine\">10. Generar visibilidad a largo plazo durante la vida \u00fatil de una mina.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-conclusion\">Conclusi\u00f3n<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Art\u00edculos relacionados<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 id=\"h-2-before-blasting-understanding-the-rock-mass\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Antes de la voladura: Comprender la masa rocosa<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La fragmentaci\u00f3n comienza con las caracter\u00edsticas de la propia roca.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La resistencia de la roca, la densidad, la separaci\u00f3n entre juntas, la estratificaci\u00f3n, las fallas y otras caracter\u00edsticas geol\u00f3gicas influyen en c\u00f3mo la energ\u00eda explosiva interact\u00faa con el material y c\u00f3mo se desarrollan los fragmentos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Incluso cuando los patrones de perforaci\u00f3n y la carga explosiva se mantienen constantes, los cambios en las condiciones geol\u00f3gicas pueden producir resultados de fragmentaci\u00f3n diferentes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Comprender estas condiciones antes de la voladura proporciona un contexto valioso a la hora de evaluar los resultados posteriormente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-rock-structure-characterization-with-wipjoint\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Caracterizaci\u00f3n de la estructura de la roca con WipJoint<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">WipFrag incluye <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/kb\/wipjoint-guide\/\"><strong>WipJoint<\/strong><\/a>, una herramienta para caracterizar la estructura de las rocas a partir de fotograf\u00edas de paredes rocosas expuestas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">WipJoint mide la orientaci\u00f3n, el espaciamiento y la persistencia aparentes de las juntas, junto con la designaci\u00f3n estimada de calidad de la roca (RQD) y el tama\u00f1o aparente de los bloques in situ.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Estas mediciones ayudan a describir las variaciones estructurales dentro de una masa rocosa que pueden influir en c\u00f3mo responde el material a las voladuras.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"828\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Face-1-828x1024.png\" alt=\"An\u00e1lisis de la red de juntas de la pared rocosa antes de la voladura\" class=\"wp-image-8505\" style=\"width:641px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Face-1-828x1024.png 828w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Face-1-242x300.png 242w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Face-1-768x950.png 768w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Face-1-10x12.png 10w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Face-1.png 864w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 828px) 100vw, 828px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Por ejemplo, una zona muy fracturada puede romperse de forma diferente a una zona adyacente que contenga bloques de roca m\u00e1s grandes y resistentes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Comparar las caracter\u00edsticas estructurales previas a la voladura con la fragmentaci\u00f3n producida posteriormente puede ayudar a los ingenieros a comprender mejor estas diferencias y a evaluar la influencia de las condiciones geol\u00f3gicas en el rendimiento de la voladura.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-establishing-fragmentation-objectives\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Establecimiento de objetivos de fragmentaci\u00f3n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Antes de una explosi\u00f3n, la operaci\u00f3n tambi\u00e9n puede establecer objetivos de fragmentaci\u00f3n en funci\u00f3n de los requisitos de los equipos posteriores.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Estos objetivos podr\u00edan incluir limitar el material de gran tama\u00f1o que requiere trituraci\u00f3n secundaria, producir un tama\u00f1o de alimentaci\u00f3n adecuado para la trituradora primaria o mantener una distribuci\u00f3n de tama\u00f1o de part\u00edcula particular para el procesamiento posterior.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cuando corresponda, WipFrag&#039;s <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/kb\/blastcast-guide\/\"><strong>BlastCast<\/strong><\/a> Esta herramienta puede utilizarse para comparar la fragmentaci\u00f3n modelada con los resultados medidos en explosiones anteriores.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">BlastCast utiliza el modelo Kuz-Ram-Cunningham-Ouchterlony (KCO) para predecir la fragmentaci\u00f3n en funci\u00f3n de los par\u00e1metros de dise\u00f1o de la voladura, las caracter\u00edsticas del explosivo y las condiciones de la roca.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Al calibrar el factor de roca del modelo compar\u00e1ndolo con mediciones reales de fragmentaci\u00f3n, los ingenieros pueden establecer una base para comparar c\u00f3mo los cambios en los par\u00e1metros de dise\u00f1o de voladura seleccionados pueden influir en la distribuci\u00f3n del tama\u00f1o de part\u00edcula prevista en condiciones de roca similares.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Estas evaluaciones proporcionan una base para valorar los posibles cambios, aunque a\u00fan deben medirse los resultados reales de las voladuras para confirmar el resultado.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para obtener m\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n sobre los mecanismos f\u00edsicos y los factores de dise\u00f1o que influyen en la fragmentaci\u00f3n, consulte <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\"><strong>Comprender la voladura y la fragmentaci\u00f3n de rocas<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Saltar a:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size is-horizontal is-layout-flex wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-1-start-with-the-process-not-the-measurement\">1. Empiece por el proceso, no por la medici\u00f3n.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-2-before-blasting-understanding-the-rock-mass\">2. Antes de la voladura: Comprender la masa rocosa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-3-after-blasting-measuring-what-was-produced\">3. Despu\u00e9s de la voladura: Midiendo lo que se produjo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-4-from-pit-to-plant-measuring-material-during-haulage\">4. Del pozo a la planta: Medici\u00f3n del material durante el transporte<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-5-through-processing-continuous-conveyor-monitoring\">5. Procesamiento continuo: Monitoreo continuo de la cinta transportadora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-6-choosing-where-to-measure\">6. Elegir d\u00f3nde medir<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-7-periodic-sampling-and-continuous-monitoring\">7. Muestreo peri\u00f3dico y monitoreo continuo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-8-turning-measurements-into-process-decisions\">8. Convertir las mediciones en decisiones de proceso<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-9-case-study-connecting-blast-fragmentation-to-crusher-requirements\">9. Estudio de caso: Conexi\u00f3n entre la fragmentaci\u00f3n por explosi\u00f3n y los requisitos de la trituradora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-10-building-long-term-visibility-across-the-life-of-a-mine\">10. Generar visibilidad a largo plazo durante la vida \u00fatil de una mina.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-conclusion\">Conclusi\u00f3n<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Art\u00edculos relacionados<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 id=\"h-3-after-blasting-measuring-what-was-produced\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Despu\u00e9s de la voladura: Midiendo lo que se produjo<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Una vez finalizada la explosi\u00f3n, el an\u00e1lisis de fragmentaci\u00f3n ofrece la primera oportunidad para evaluar el material resultante en funci\u00f3n de los objetivos originales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Las evaluaciones visuales pueden revelar un tama\u00f1o excesivo o una fragmentaci\u00f3n desigual evidente, pero no pueden cuantificar de forma consistente la distribuci\u00f3n del tama\u00f1o de las part\u00edculas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/products\/wipfrag\/\"><strong>WipFrag<\/strong><\/a> Convierte fotograf\u00edas del material fragmentado expuesto en mediciones de la distribuci\u00f3n del tama\u00f1o de las part\u00edculas, lo que permite a los operadores comparar cuantitativamente los resultados de la voladura.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Se pueden obtener im\u00e1genes de montones de escombros, bancos, galer\u00edas subterr\u00e1neas, pilas de material y otros materiales accesibles. Los veh\u00edculos a\u00e9reos no tripulados (VANT) tambi\u00e9n pueden proporcionar im\u00e1genes que cubran \u00e1reas expuestas m\u00e1s extensas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-comparing-blasts-and-identifying-variability\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Comparaci\u00f3n de explosiones e identificaci\u00f3n de variabilidad<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Las mediciones cuantitativas permiten comparar la fragmentaci\u00f3n entre diferentes voladuras, zonas mineras, condiciones geol\u00f3gicas y configuraciones de dise\u00f1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Por ejemplo, una operaci\u00f3n puede comparar el porcentaje de material de gran tama\u00f1o producido por voladuras sucesivas o evaluar si los cambios en el patr\u00f3n de perforaci\u00f3n est\u00e1n asociados con un cambio en la distribuci\u00f3n del tama\u00f1o de part\u00edcula (PSD).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Se pueden combinar varias im\u00e1genes para representar un \u00e1rea de muestreo m\u00e1s amplia, mientras que las im\u00e1genes adecuadas obtenidas con drones pueden ayudar a revelar diferencias espaciales en un mont\u00f3n de esti\u00e9rcol.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"835\" height=\"829\" src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-UAV-GIS-Heatmap.png\" alt=\"Captura de pantalla de la funci\u00f3n SIG de WipFrag que muestra el mapa de calor del an\u00e1lisis de una imagen ortomosaica obtenida con un dron.\" class=\"wp-image-11028\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-UAV-GIS-Heatmap.png 835w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-UAV-GIS-Heatmap-300x298.png 300w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-UAV-GIS-Heatmap-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-UAV-GIS-Heatmap-768x762.png 768w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-UAV-GIS-Heatmap-12x12.png 12w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-UAV-GIS-Heatmap-75x75.png 75w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 835px) 100vw, 835px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un mapa de fragmentaci\u00f3n puede mostrar que un \u00e1rea contiene fragmentos de mayor tama\u00f1o de forma consistente que otra. Al comparar esta informaci\u00f3n con observaciones geol\u00f3gicas y registros de perforaci\u00f3n, se pueden identificar condiciones que requieren una investigaci\u00f3n m\u00e1s profunda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sin embargo, las mediciones de fragmentaci\u00f3n no permiten determinar de forma independiente la causa de un resultado concreto. Patrones similares pueden deberse a diferencias en la estructura de la roca, la carga, el espaciamiento, la distribuci\u00f3n de los explosivos u otros factores.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El mayor valor reside en evaluar las mediciones junto con los registros de explosiones correspondientes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-measuring-representative-material\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Material representativo para la medici\u00f3n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Como ocurre con cualquier m\u00e9todo de muestreo, la utilidad de los datos de fragmentaci\u00f3n depende de si las mediciones representan el material que se est\u00e1 evaluando.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Las im\u00e1genes deben tomarse en lugares apropiados y en condiciones adecuadas, con suficientes muestras para tener en cuenta la variabilidad del material.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El an\u00e1lisis fotogr\u00e1fico mide las part\u00edculas visibles en la superficie. El material enterrado y las part\u00edculas ocultas por fragmentos m\u00e1s grandes no se pueden medir directamente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para obtener orientaci\u00f3n pr\u00e1ctica, consulte la <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/kb\/wipfrag-image-capture-and-sampling-guide\/\"><strong>Gu\u00eda de captura y muestreo de im\u00e1genes de WipFrag<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-professional-fragmentation-analysis-with-mailfrag\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">An\u00e1lisis de fragmentaci\u00f3n profesional con MailFrag<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">No todas las empresas cuentan con el personal, el tiempo o los recursos necesarios para realizar an\u00e1lisis de fragmentaci\u00f3n internamente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para estas aplicaciones, WipWare ofrece <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/products\/wipfrag\/#h-mailfrag\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/wipfrag\/#h-mailfrag\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">MailFrag<\/a><\/strong>, un servicio de an\u00e1lisis profesional disponible a trav\u00e9s de WipFrag.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Los usuarios preparan y env\u00edan sus im\u00e1genes con la informaci\u00f3n de escala adecuada, y los especialistas en an\u00e1lisis de WipWare se encargan de la delimitaci\u00f3n, revisi\u00f3n y an\u00e1lisis de las part\u00edculas. Los resultados finales se env\u00edan a trav\u00e9s de WipFrag.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Esto proporciona una alternativa para las operaciones que requieren mediciones cuantitativas de fragmentaci\u00f3n sin necesidad de realizar el an\u00e1lisis por s\u00ed mismas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">MailFrag puede resultar especialmente \u00fatil para evaluaciones ocasionales de fragmentaci\u00f3n, proyectos especializados u organizaciones que buscan ayuda con su flujo de trabajo de an\u00e1lisis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ya sea que se realice internamente o a trav\u00e9s de MailFrag, el objetivo sigue siendo el mismo: obtener mediciones de fragmentaci\u00f3n fiables y representativas que puedan respaldar decisiones operativas significativas.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Saltar a:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size is-horizontal is-layout-flex wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-1-start-with-the-process-not-the-measurement\">1. Empiece por el proceso, no por la medici\u00f3n.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-2-before-blasting-understanding-the-rock-mass\">2. Antes de la voladura: Comprender la masa rocosa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-3-after-blasting-measuring-what-was-produced\">3. Despu\u00e9s de la voladura: Midiendo lo que se produjo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-4-from-pit-to-plant-measuring-material-during-haulage\">4. Del pozo a la planta: Medici\u00f3n del material durante el transporte<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-5-through-processing-continuous-conveyor-monitoring\">5. Procesamiento continuo: Monitoreo continuo de la cinta transportadora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-6-choosing-where-to-measure\">6. Elegir d\u00f3nde medir<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-7-periodic-sampling-and-continuous-monitoring\">7. Muestreo peri\u00f3dico y monitoreo continuo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-8-turning-measurements-into-process-decisions\">8. Convertir las mediciones en decisiones de proceso<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-9-case-study-connecting-blast-fragmentation-to-crusher-requirements\">9. Estudio de caso: Conexi\u00f3n entre la fragmentaci\u00f3n por explosi\u00f3n y los requisitos de la trituradora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-10-building-long-term-visibility-across-the-life-of-a-mine\">10. Generar visibilidad a largo plazo durante la vida \u00fatil de una mina.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-conclusion\">Conclusi\u00f3n<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Art\u00edculos relacionados<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 id=\"h-4-from-pit-to-plant-measuring-material-during-haulage\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Del pozo a la planta: Medici\u00f3n del material durante el transporte<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Las mediciones de fragmentaci\u00f3n obtenidas de un mont\u00f3n de escombros describen el material en una etapa particular de la operaci\u00f3n. Sin embargo, las caracter\u00edsticas del material pueden variar considerablemente a medida que se excavan, mezclan, transportan y entregan a procesamiento diferentes \u00e1reas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Esto crea otra oportunidad para la medici\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-vehicle-load-analysis-with-reflex\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">An\u00e1lisis de carga vehicular con Reflex<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/products\/reflex\/\"><strong>Reflejo<\/strong><\/a> Es un sistema automatizado de medici\u00f3n de part\u00edculas dise\u00f1ado para materiales transportados en camiones de transporte, cargadoras, vagones de ferrocarril y otros veh\u00edculos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dependiendo de la instalaci\u00f3n, el sistema puede capturar el material dentro de la carga de un veh\u00edculo o durante su descarga en un punto de recepci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Reflex-AS1682869331-1024x683.png\" alt=\"Medici\u00f3n por reflejo de la fragmentaci\u00f3n en cargas de camiones de transporte minero y de cantera.\" class=\"wp-image-10037\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Reflex-AS1682869331-1024x683.png 1024w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Reflex-AS1682869331-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Reflex-AS1682869331-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Reflex-AS1682869331-18x12.png 18w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Reflex-AS1682869331.png 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Reflex Basic proporciona una monitorizaci\u00f3n espec\u00edfica del tama\u00f1o m\u00e1ximo o del color, mientras que Reflex Complete proporciona mediciones de la distribuci\u00f3n del tama\u00f1o de las part\u00edculas, la forma y el color.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Estas mediciones permiten a los operarios comparar el material de una carga de veh\u00edculo con el de otra e identificar cambios antes de que el material llegue a los equipos posteriores.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-connecting-loading-and-haulage-to-processing\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conectando la carga y el transporte con el procesamiento.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Las mediciones carga por carga pueden ser particularmente \u00fatiles cuando el material se suministra desde diferentes \u00e1reas de voladura o cuando la operaci\u00f3n experimenta una variabilidad sustancial en la alimentaci\u00f3n de la trituradora.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Por ejemplo, el control de la distribuci\u00f3n del tama\u00f1o del material que llega a una trituradora primaria puede ayudar a los operadores a determinar si las condiciones de alimentaci\u00f3n de material grueso son aisladas o recurrentes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cuando se dispone de informaci\u00f3n sobre la identidad, la ubicaci\u00f3n y el env\u00edo de la carga, los resultados de la fragmentaci\u00f3n tambi\u00e9n pueden asociarse con \u00e1reas mineras o movimientos de material espec\u00edficos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Esto proporciona una forma de conectar las condiciones de fragmentaci\u00f3n en la fase inicial con el material que se entrega para su procesamiento.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Esta informaci\u00f3n puede servir de base para tomar decisiones operativas relacionadas con el enrutamiento de materiales, la gesti\u00f3n de piensos, el manejo de objetos de gran tama\u00f1o o la investigaci\u00f3n m\u00e1s exhaustiva de una fuente en particular.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-tracking-changes-between-the-pit-and-the-crusher\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Seguimiento de los cambios entre la mina y la trituradora.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Las mediciones recogidas en diferentes etapas tambi\u00e9n pueden ayudar a distinguir entre la fragmentaci\u00f3n producida inicialmente por la voladura y el material que posteriormente se somete a procesamiento.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El material visible en un mont\u00f3n de escombros no tiene por qu\u00e9 tener la misma distribuci\u00f3n que el material que llega a la trituradora. Las pr\u00e1cticas de carga, la segregaci\u00f3n, la mezcla y la manipulaci\u00f3n del material pueden influir en la composici\u00f3n de cada carga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La comparaci\u00f3n de mediciones de diferentes ubicaciones proporciona un contexto adicional sobre estos cambios.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Esto resulta especialmente valioso cuando una operaci\u00f3n intenta determinar si la alimentaci\u00f3n inconsistente de la trituradora se origina en la voladura, la manipulaci\u00f3n del material o la combinaci\u00f3n de m\u00faltiples fuentes de alimentaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El objetivo no es necesariamente medir cada fragmento, sino recopilar informaci\u00f3n \u00fatil y coherente sobre el material que se desplaza entre las diferentes etapas.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Saltar a:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size is-horizontal is-layout-flex wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-1-start-with-the-process-not-the-measurement\">1. Empiece por el proceso, no por la medici\u00f3n.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-2-before-blasting-understanding-the-rock-mass\">2. Antes de la voladura: Comprender la masa rocosa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-3-after-blasting-measuring-what-was-produced\">3. Despu\u00e9s de la voladura: Midiendo lo que se produjo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-4-from-pit-to-plant-measuring-material-during-haulage\">4. Del pozo a la planta: Medici\u00f3n del material durante el transporte<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-5-through-processing-continuous-conveyor-monitoring\">5. Procesamiento continuo: Monitoreo continuo de la cinta transportadora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-6-choosing-where-to-measure\">6. Elegir d\u00f3nde medir<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-7-periodic-sampling-and-continuous-monitoring\">7. Muestreo peri\u00f3dico y monitoreo continuo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-8-turning-measurements-into-process-decisions\">8. Convertir las mediciones en decisiones de proceso<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-9-case-study-connecting-blast-fragmentation-to-crusher-requirements\">9. Estudio de caso: Conexi\u00f3n entre la fragmentaci\u00f3n por explosi\u00f3n y los requisitos de la trituradora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-10-building-long-term-visibility-across-the-life-of-a-mine\">10. Generar visibilidad a largo plazo durante la vida \u00fatil de una mina.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-conclusion\">Conclusi\u00f3n<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Art\u00edculos relacionados<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 id=\"h-5-through-processing-continuous-conveyor-monitoring\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Procesamiento continuo: Monitoreo continuo de la cinta transportadora<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Una vez que el material entra en el circuito de trituraci\u00f3n y procesamiento, la distribuci\u00f3n del tama\u00f1o de sus part\u00edculas sigue cambiando.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Las trituradoras reducen las part\u00edculas m\u00e1s grandes, las cribas separan el material por rangos de tama\u00f1o y los circuitos de molienda preparan la materia prima para su posterior procesamiento.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Al mismo tiempo, las diferencias en las propiedades de la roca, el estado del equipo, los ajustes operativos y el material de entrada pueden provocar que la distribuci\u00f3n del tama\u00f1o var\u00ede.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Las cintas transportadoras proporcionan puntos \u00fatiles para supervisar estos cambios mientras el material se desplaza a trav\u00e9s de la operaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-conveyor-particle-measurement-with-solo\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Medici\u00f3n de part\u00edculas en transportadores con Solo<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/products\/solo\/\"><strong>Solo<\/strong><\/a> Es un sistema automatizado de medici\u00f3n de cintas transportadoras que captura y analiza repetidamente el material a medida que este se desplaza a trav\u00e9s de un circuito de procesamiento.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dependiendo de su configuraci\u00f3n, Solo puede proporcionar mediciones del tama\u00f1o m\u00e1ximo de part\u00edcula, la distribuci\u00f3n del tama\u00f1o de part\u00edcula, la forma de part\u00edcula, el volumen estimado y el color.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/SoloConveyorSystem-PSD-1024x683.png\" alt=\"Control del tama\u00f1o de part\u00edcula de la piedra caliza o el cl\u00ednker en la producci\u00f3n de cemento.\" class=\"wp-image-10064\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/SoloConveyorSystem-PSD-1024x683.png 1024w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/SoloConveyorSystem-PSD-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/SoloConveyorSystem-PSD-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/SoloConveyorSystem-PSD-18x12.png 18w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/SoloConveyorSystem-PSD.png 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Solo Basic proporciona una monitorizaci\u00f3n espec\u00edfica del tama\u00f1o m\u00e1ximo o del color, mientras que Solo Complete ofrece un an\u00e1lisis PSD completo y mediciones de materiales adicionales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Estas capacidades permiten a las operaciones seleccionar un m\u00e9todo de medici\u00f3n adecuado para la decisi\u00f3n que se est\u00e1 respaldando.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Por ejemplo, para detectar material que supere un l\u00edmite de tama\u00f1o determinado, puede bastar con monitorizar el tama\u00f1o m\u00e1ximo de part\u00edcula. Para comprender c\u00f3mo cambia la distribuci\u00f3n completa al triturar o mezclar, generalmente se requieren mediciones de la distribuci\u00f3n del tama\u00f1o de part\u00edcula (PSD).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-monitoring-crusher-performance\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Monitoreo del rendimiento de la trituradora<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La instalaci\u00f3n de un sistema de medici\u00f3n despu\u00e9s de una trituradora permite a los operarios evaluar el material que se produce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Los cambios en el tama\u00f1o del producto pueden indicar variaciones en las caracter\u00edsticas de la alimentaci\u00f3n, las condiciones de funcionamiento, los ajustes de la trituradora o el desgaste del equipo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Una tendencia creciente a la sobredimensi\u00f3n del material puede llevar al operador a investigar si la trituradora est\u00e1 produciendo material fuera del rango deseado.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cuando lo permitan el equipo y la estrategia de control, los datos de medici\u00f3n tambi\u00e9n pueden integrarse en los sistemas de control de procesos para dar soporte a las alarmas o a los ajustes automatizados.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sin embargo, las mediciones por s\u00ed solas no determinan la causa del cambio. Se necesitan datos de operaci\u00f3n de la trituradora y otra informaci\u00f3n del proceso para determinar la respuesta adecuada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-screening-and-oversize-detection\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Inspecci\u00f3n y detecci\u00f3n de objetos de gran tama\u00f1o<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Las operaciones de cribado representan otro punto de medici\u00f3n \u00fatil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cuando una pantalla se desgasta, se da\u00f1a o funciona mal, pueden empezar a aparecer tama\u00f1os de material inesperados en la imagen que muestra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La monitorizaci\u00f3n del material aguas abajo de una criba puede ayudar a identificar part\u00edculas que superen el l\u00edmite de tama\u00f1o previsto.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Una alerta puede permitir a los operadores investigar un problema incipiente antes de que cantidades significativas de material que no cumple con las especificaciones entren en una pila de almacenamiento, un circuito de procesamiento o un flujo de producto terminado.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La utilidad de esta aplicaci\u00f3n depende del tama\u00f1o de las part\u00edculas involucradas y de si el sistema de medici\u00f3n puede distinguirlas de forma fiable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-grinding-circuit-feed-monitoring\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Monitoreo de la alimentaci\u00f3n del circuito de molienda<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El tama\u00f1o del material que entra en un circuito de molienda aut\u00f3gena (AG) o semiaut\u00f3gena (SAG) puede influir notablemente en el funcionamiento del molino.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Las variaciones en la distribuci\u00f3n del tama\u00f1o de la alimentaci\u00f3n pueden afectar el comportamiento de la molienda, las cargas circulantes y la estabilidad del molino.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La medici\u00f3n del material en una cinta transportadora que alimenta la f\u00e1brica puede proporcionar informaci\u00f3n sobre estos cambios y ayudar a los operarios a evaluar la relaci\u00f3n entre las caracter\u00edsticas de la alimentaci\u00f3n y el rendimiento del proceso.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dependiendo de la operaci\u00f3n, estas mediciones pueden servir de base para tomar decisiones relacionadas con las tasas de alimentaci\u00f3n, la mezcla de existencias o el control avanzado del proceso.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El objetivo no es necesariamente mantener el tama\u00f1o de alimentaci\u00f3n m\u00e1s peque\u00f1o posible, sino proporcionar material adecuado para el circuito de molienda y sus condiciones de funcionamiento.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-understanding-changes-across-processing-stages\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Comprender los cambios a lo largo de las etapas de procesamiento<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Las mediciones resultan especialmente informativas cuando se pueden comparar los resultados de diferentes lugares de procesamiento.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Por ejemplo, las mediciones recogidas antes y despu\u00e9s de una trituradora pueden ayudar a los operarios a comprender la relaci\u00f3n entre el material de entrada y el producto resultante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Las mediciones realizadas en varios puntos de un circuito de trituraci\u00f3n pueden revelar c\u00f3mo los cambios en una etapa influyen en el material que se suministra a la siguiente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cuando sea apropiado, los datos sobre el tama\u00f1o de las part\u00edculas tambi\u00e9n pueden evaluarse junto con el rendimiento, la configuraci\u00f3n de la trituradora, el consumo de energ\u00eda del equipo y otra informaci\u00f3n operativa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Este contexto m\u00e1s amplio ayuda a distinguir los cambios en las caracter\u00edsticas del material de los cambios en el rendimiento del equipo.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Saltar a:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size is-horizontal is-layout-flex wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-1-start-with-the-process-not-the-measurement\">1. Empiece por el proceso, no por la medici\u00f3n.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-2-before-blasting-understanding-the-rock-mass\">2. Antes de la voladura: Comprender la masa rocosa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-3-after-blasting-measuring-what-was-produced\">3. Despu\u00e9s de la voladura: Midiendo lo que se produjo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-4-from-pit-to-plant-measuring-material-during-haulage\">4. Del pozo a la planta: Medici\u00f3n del material durante el transporte<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-5-through-processing-continuous-conveyor-monitoring\">5. Procesamiento continuo: Monitoreo continuo de la cinta transportadora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-6-choosing-where-to-measure\">6. Elegir d\u00f3nde medir<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-7-periodic-sampling-and-continuous-monitoring\">7. Muestreo peri\u00f3dico y monitoreo continuo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-8-turning-measurements-into-process-decisions\">8. Convertir las mediciones en decisiones de proceso<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-9-case-study-connecting-blast-fragmentation-to-crusher-requirements\">9. Estudio de caso: Conexi\u00f3n entre la fragmentaci\u00f3n por explosi\u00f3n y los requisitos de la trituradora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-10-building-long-term-visibility-across-the-life-of-a-mine\">10. Generar visibilidad a largo plazo durante la vida \u00fatil de una mina.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-conclusion\">Conclusi\u00f3n<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Art\u00edculos relacionados<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 id=\"h-6-choosing-where-to-measure\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. Elegir d\u00f3nde medir<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">No existe un \u00fanico punto de medici\u00f3n ideal para cada operaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La ubicaci\u00f3n m\u00e1s \u00fatil depende del material, el equipo, los desaf\u00edos operativos y las decisiones que se pretenden respaldar con las mediciones.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"950\" height=\"340\" src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Process.gif\" alt=\"Diagrama animado de un proceso de miner\u00eda que indica d\u00f3nde se puede utilizar WipWare.\" class=\"wp-image-11209\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un enfoque pr\u00e1ctico consiste en comenzar con la pregunta sobre el proceso y, a continuaci\u00f3n, identificar d\u00f3nde se puede medir el material relevante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><th>Ubicaci\u00f3n de la medici\u00f3n<\/th><th>Para qu\u00e9 puede ayudar a evaluar la medici\u00f3n<\/th><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Frente rocoso previo a la voladura<\/strong><\/td><td>Estructura geol\u00f3gica y condiciones que influyen en la fragmentaci\u00f3n.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Mont\u00f3n de esti\u00e9rcol destrozado<\/strong><\/td><td>Rendimiento de la explosi\u00f3n, tama\u00f1o excesivo, PSD y variabilidad espacial<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Cargas de veh\u00edculos o puntos de descarga<\/strong><\/td><td>Variaci\u00f3n entre cargas y procedencia de los materiales<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Trituradora preprimaria<\/strong><\/td><td>Caracter\u00edsticas de la materia prima entrante y variabilidad del material<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Trituradora postprimaria<\/strong><\/td><td>Tama\u00f1o del producto triturado, tendencias de gran tama\u00f1o y cambios en el rendimiento<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Trituradora postsecundaria o terciaria<\/strong><\/td><td>Consistencia del producto y efectos de los ajustes de trituraci\u00f3n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Transportador posterior a la criba<\/strong><\/td><td>Tama\u00f1o excesivo inesperado, rendimiento de la pantalla y cumplimiento del producto<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Alimentaci\u00f3n del circuito de molienda<\/strong><\/td><td>Variabilidad del tama\u00f1o de la alimentaci\u00f3n, decisiones de mezcla y estabilidad del proceso<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Estas ubicaciones no son intercambiables. Cada una responde a una pregunta operativa diferente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-before-or-after-a-crusher\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00bfAntes o despu\u00e9s de una trituradora?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La medici\u00f3n realizada antes de la trituradora describe el material que ingresa a la m\u00e1quina. Puede ayudar a determinar si las variaciones en el tama\u00f1o de la alimentaci\u00f3n est\u00e1n contribuyendo a cambios en el rendimiento.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Una medici\u00f3n posterior a la trituradora describe el material producido. Permite evaluar si la producci\u00f3n cumple con los requisitos deseados y si la distribuci\u00f3n var\u00eda con el tiempo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ambas mediciones pueden resultar \u00fatiles en conjunto, ya que proporcionan informaci\u00f3n sobre la relaci\u00f3n entre el material de entrada y el producto resultante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sin embargo, la informaci\u00f3n adicional solo genera valor cuando la operaci\u00f3n tiene una raz\u00f3n para utilizarla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-choosing-the-right-measurement-system\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00f3mo elegir el sistema de medici\u00f3n adecuado<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Seleccionar un sistema de medici\u00f3n implica m\u00e1s que determinar d\u00f3nde se instalar\u00e1. La tecnolog\u00eda tambi\u00e9n debe proporcionar la informaci\u00f3n necesaria para respaldar la decisi\u00f3n operativa prevista.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">WipWare ofrece diferentes m\u00e9todos de medici\u00f3n en funci\u00f3n de c\u00f3mo se presenta el material y qu\u00e9 caracter\u00edsticas deben evaluarse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>WipFrag<\/strong> Admite la fragmentaci\u00f3n y el an\u00e1lisis de part\u00edculas bajo demanda a partir de fotograf\u00edas recogidas en el campo, el laboratorio, bajo tierra o mediante veh\u00edculos a\u00e9reos no tripulados (UAV).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Reflejo<\/strong> Proporciona mediciones automatizadas del material en las cargas de los veh\u00edculos o durante la descarga, lo que ayuda a las operaciones a controlar la variabilidad entre cargas.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Solo<\/strong> Proporciona mediciones repetidas del material en cintas transportadoras y l\u00edneas de proceso, lo que permite una monitorizaci\u00f3n continua y un control del proceso.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En el caso de los sistemas automatizados, la elecci\u00f3n entre las configuraciones B\u00e1sica y Completa depende de la informaci\u00f3n requerida.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Monitoreo b\u00e1sico y focalizado<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Los modelos Solo Basic y Reflex Basic est\u00e1n dise\u00f1ados para aplicaciones cuyo objetivo principal es controlar el tama\u00f1o m\u00e1ximo de las part\u00edculas o el color del material.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Por ejemplo, una operaci\u00f3n puede necesitar identificar material de gran tama\u00f1o que se aproxima a una trituradora, detectar part\u00edculas inesperadas despu\u00e9s del cribado o monitorear cambios de color que podr\u00edan indicar diferencias en las caracter\u00edsticas del material.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cuando una sola medici\u00f3n puede proporcionar la se\u00f1al operativa requerida, Basic puede ofrecer una soluci\u00f3n m\u00e1s apropiada que un an\u00e1lisis PSD completo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Completo: an\u00e1lisis exhaustivo de los materiales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Solo Complete y Reflex Complete proporcionan mediciones completas de la distribuci\u00f3n del tama\u00f1o de las part\u00edculas, junto con informaci\u00f3n sobre su forma y color. Solo Complete tambi\u00e9n proporciona un volumen estimado del material.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Estas configuraciones resultan \u00fatiles cuando es necesario comprender los cambios en m\u00faltiples clases de tama\u00f1o de part\u00edculas, comparar distribuciones completas o evaluar las caracter\u00edsticas del material a lo largo del tiempo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Entre sus aplicaciones se incluyen la monitorizaci\u00f3n del rendimiento de la trituradora, la evaluaci\u00f3n de la alimentaci\u00f3n del circuito de molienda, la comparaci\u00f3n de materiales de diferentes or\u00edgenes y la evaluaci\u00f3n del cumplimiento de los objetivos de tama\u00f1o de part\u00edcula.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-matching-the-measurement-to-the-application\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Adaptaci\u00f3n de la medida a la aplicaci\u00f3n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un sistema de medici\u00f3n m\u00e1s completo no es necesariamente m\u00e1s \u00fatil para todas las aplicaciones.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Por ejemplo, la detecci\u00f3n de part\u00edculas que superan un l\u00edmite de tama\u00f1o definido puede requerir \u00fanicamente la monitorizaci\u00f3n del tama\u00f1o m\u00e1ximo. En cambio, para comprender c\u00f3mo una trituradora modifica la distribuci\u00f3n general del tama\u00f1o de las part\u00edculas, generalmente se requieren mediciones m\u00e1s detalladas de la distribuci\u00f3n del tama\u00f1o de las part\u00edculas (PSD).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El sistema adecuado tambi\u00e9n depende de si el material puede medirse de forma fiable en las condiciones de instalaci\u00f3n propuestas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Factores como el tama\u00f1o de las part\u00edculas, la visibilidad, el campo de visi\u00f3n, la distancia de montaje, el movimiento del material y las condiciones ambientales influyen en la selecci\u00f3n del sistema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El objetivo es seleccionar la capacidad de medici\u00f3n que proporcione informaci\u00f3n \u00fatil para el proceso, sin introducir complejidad innecesaria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-understanding-detectable-particle-size-ranges\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Comprensi\u00f3n de los rangos de tama\u00f1o de part\u00edculas detectables<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un aspecto importante a tener en cuenta al seleccionar un lugar de medici\u00f3n es si el sistema puede distinguir de forma fiable los tama\u00f1os de part\u00edculas que son relevantes para la operaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para la monitorizaci\u00f3n \u00f3ptica de cintas transportadoras, el rango de tama\u00f1o detectable depende de la resoluci\u00f3n de la c\u00e1mara, la selecci\u00f3n de la lente, la distancia de montaje y el campo de visi\u00f3n. Un campo de visi\u00f3n m\u00e1s amplio permite al sistema observar una mayor \u00e1rea de material, pero reduce el detalle de la imagen disponible para identificar part\u00edculas m\u00e1s peque\u00f1as. Un campo de visi\u00f3n m\u00e1s estrecho mejora la resoluci\u00f3n para part\u00edculas m\u00e1s peque\u00f1as, pero puede limitar la cobertura de material de mayor tama\u00f1o o de todo el flujo de material.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Por ejemplo, la monitorizaci\u00f3n de la salida de material grueso de una trituradora primaria en una cinta transportadora ancha presenta requisitos diferentes a los de la medici\u00f3n de material m\u00e1s fino que alimenta un molino. La configuraci\u00f3n adecuada de la c\u00e1mara debe tener en cuenta tanto la distribuci\u00f3n del tama\u00f1o del material como las condiciones f\u00edsicas en el punto de medici\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Estas consideraciones son particularmente importantes a la hora de elegir entre la detecci\u00f3n del tama\u00f1o m\u00e1ximo y el an\u00e1lisis completo de la distribuci\u00f3n del tama\u00f1o de las part\u00edculas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para una explicaci\u00f3n m\u00e1s detallada, incluyendo ejemplos pr\u00e1cticos de instalaci\u00f3n, consulte <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/kb\/understanding-size-ranges-in-conveyor-belt-analysis\/\"><strong>Comprensi\u00f3n de los rangos de tama\u00f1o en el an\u00e1lisis de cintas transportadoras<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Saltar a:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size is-horizontal is-layout-flex wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-1-start-with-the-process-not-the-measurement\">1. Empiece por el proceso, no por la medici\u00f3n.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-2-before-blasting-understanding-the-rock-mass\">2. Antes de la voladura: Comprender la masa rocosa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-3-after-blasting-measuring-what-was-produced\">3. Despu\u00e9s de la voladura: Midiendo lo que se produjo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-4-from-pit-to-plant-measuring-material-during-haulage\">4. Del pozo a la planta: Medici\u00f3n del material durante el transporte<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-5-through-processing-continuous-conveyor-monitoring\">5. Procesamiento continuo: Monitoreo continuo de la cinta transportadora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-6-choosing-where-to-measure\">6. Elegir d\u00f3nde medir<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-7-periodic-sampling-and-continuous-monitoring\">7. Muestreo peri\u00f3dico y monitoreo continuo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-8-turning-measurements-into-process-decisions\">8. Convertir las mediciones en decisiones de proceso<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-9-case-study-connecting-blast-fragmentation-to-crusher-requirements\">9. Estudio de caso: Conexi\u00f3n entre la fragmentaci\u00f3n por explosi\u00f3n y los requisitos de la trituradora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-10-building-long-term-visibility-across-the-life-of-a-mine\">10. Generar visibilidad a largo plazo durante la vida \u00fatil de una mina.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-conclusion\">Conclusi\u00f3n<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Art\u00edculos relacionados<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 id=\"h-7-periodic-sampling-and-continuous-monitoring\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. Muestreo peri\u00f3dico y monitoreo continuo<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El an\u00e1lisis tradicional mediante tamizado sigue siendo un m\u00e9todo importante para la medici\u00f3n del tama\u00f1o de las part\u00edculas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cuando se realiza correctamente, proporciona una evaluaci\u00f3n f\u00edsica del material muestreado y puede incluir fracciones que son dif\u00edciles de resolver mediante mediciones \u00f3pticas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sin embargo, una muestra recogida peri\u00f3dicamente representa el material tomado en ese momento y lugar concretos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Si las caracter\u00edsticas del material cambian significativamente entre las muestras, es posible que esas variaciones no se detecten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-the-value-of-more-frequent-measurements\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">El valor de las mediciones m\u00e1s frecuentes<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Los sistemas de monitorizaci\u00f3n automatizados recogen mediciones de forma repetida mientras el material avanza por el proceso.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En lugar de depender exclusivamente de mediciones tomadas a intervalos ocasionales, los operadores pueden observar las tendencias que se est\u00e1n desarrollando, comparar los per\u00edodos de funcionamiento e identificar cambios inesperados.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Por ejemplo, una trituradora puede producir material dentro del rango de tama\u00f1o deseado durante un per\u00edodo de muestreo programado, pero experimentar eventos intermitentes de material de tama\u00f1o excesivo durante otras condiciones de funcionamiento.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un sistema de monitoreo puede proporcionar informaci\u00f3n adicional sobre esas variaciones.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La monitorizaci\u00f3n continua no implica que se mida cada part\u00edcula. Los sistemas \u00f3pticos toman muestras del material visible a intervalos regulares, y sus resultados se ven influenciados por la frecuencia de medici\u00f3n, la geometr\u00eda de la instalaci\u00f3n y las caracter\u00edsticas del material.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sin embargo, las mediciones repetidas pueden revelar patrones que el muestreo peri\u00f3dico por s\u00ed solo podr\u00eda pasar por alto.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-why-both-methods-matter\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Por qu\u00e9 ambos m\u00e9todos son importantes<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Las mediciones \u00f3pticas automatizadas y el an\u00e1lisis f\u00edsico del tamiz proporcionan informaci\u00f3n complementaria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El an\u00e1lisis granulom\u00e9trico mediante tamizado puede ayudar a caracterizar el material a granel y proporcionar mediciones de referencia, mientras que los sistemas automatizados permiten realizar observaciones m\u00e1s frecuentes del comportamiento del proceso.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cuando sea apropiado, el muestreo comparativo y la calibraci\u00f3n pueden ayudar a establecer relaciones entre las mediciones \u00f3pticas y los resultados de laboratorio.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En lugar de considerar un m\u00e9todo como sustituto del otro, las operaciones pueden combinarlos para lograr una comprensi\u00f3n m\u00e1s completa del tama\u00f1o del material y la variabilidad del proceso.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El objetivo es recopilar datos que sean significativos y suficientemente representativos de las decisiones en las que se basar\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Saltar a:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size is-horizontal is-layout-flex wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-1-start-with-the-process-not-the-measurement\">1. Empiece por el proceso, no por la medici\u00f3n.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-2-before-blasting-understanding-the-rock-mass\">2. Antes de la voladura: Comprender la masa rocosa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-3-after-blasting-measuring-what-was-produced\">3. Despu\u00e9s de la voladura: Midiendo lo que se produjo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-4-from-pit-to-plant-measuring-material-during-haulage\">4. Del pozo a la planta: Medici\u00f3n del material durante el transporte<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-5-through-processing-continuous-conveyor-monitoring\">5. Procesamiento continuo: Monitoreo continuo de la cinta transportadora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-6-choosing-where-to-measure\">6. Elegir d\u00f3nde medir<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-7-periodic-sampling-and-continuous-monitoring\">7. Muestreo peri\u00f3dico y monitoreo continuo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-8-turning-measurements-into-process-decisions\">8. Convertir las mediciones en decisiones de proceso<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-9-case-study-connecting-blast-fragmentation-to-crusher-requirements\">9. Estudio de caso: Conexi\u00f3n entre la fragmentaci\u00f3n por explosi\u00f3n y los requisitos de la trituradora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-10-building-long-term-visibility-across-the-life-of-a-mine\">10. Generar visibilidad a largo plazo durante la vida \u00fatil de una mina.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-conclusion\">Conclusi\u00f3n<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Art\u00edculos relacionados<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 id=\"h-8-turning-measurements-into-process-decisions\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">8. Convertir las mediciones en decisiones de proceso<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Recopilar m\u00e1s datos no mejora autom\u00e1ticamente una operaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El valor pr\u00e1ctico de la medici\u00f3n reside en establecer c\u00f3mo se evaluar\u00e1 la informaci\u00f3n y qu\u00e9 medidas se pueden tomar cuando cambien las condiciones.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Una estrategia de monitoreo \u00fatil vincula tres elementos:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Medici\u00f3n:<\/strong> \u00bfQu\u00e9 caracter\u00edstica del material se est\u00e1 monitorizando?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Objetivo:<\/strong> \u00bfQu\u00e9 rango o condici\u00f3n se considera aceptable?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Respuesta:<\/strong> \u00bfQu\u00e9 deber\u00eda ocurrir cuando la medici\u00f3n indica una desviaci\u00f3n significativa?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-using-size-limits-and-specification-envelopes\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Uso de l\u00edmites de tama\u00f1o y sobres de especificaci\u00f3n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un l\u00edmite m\u00e1ximo de tama\u00f1o de part\u00edcula puede ser suficiente cuando el objetivo es detectar material de tama\u00f1o excesivo que podr\u00eda interferir con los equipos posteriores.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Otras aplicaciones requieren supervisar la PSD general en relaci\u00f3n con un rango de especificaciones.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Por ejemplo, un proceso puede requerir que un porcentaje determinado de material se mantenga dentro de un rango de tama\u00f1o aceptable, en lugar de simplemente permanecer por debajo de un tama\u00f1o m\u00e1ximo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La comparaci\u00f3n de las mediciones con estos l\u00edmites permite a los operadores determinar si el material cumple con las especificaciones y c\u00f3mo cambia su distribuci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Los l\u00edmites apropiados deben establecerse a partir de los requisitos del equipo o proceso, en lugar de basarse en objetivos generales de tama\u00f1o de part\u00edcula.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-from-alerts-to-automation\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">De las alertas a la automatizaci\u00f3n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Los resultados de las mediciones pueden presentarse a los operadores para su revisi\u00f3n, conectarse a alarmas o incorporarse a un sistema de control de la planta, siempre que este lo permita.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Los sistemas automatizados de WipWare pueden comunicar datos de medici\u00f3n a trav\u00e9s de protocolos industriales como Modbus TCP y OPC UA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Esto permite integrar las mediciones de part\u00edculas con otra informaci\u00f3n operativa utilizada por un PLC, un sistema SCADA o una estrategia de control.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Por ejemplo, detectar una condici\u00f3n de material de tama\u00f1o excesivo en desarrollo despu\u00e9s de una trituradora podr\u00eda llevar al operador a revisar la configuraci\u00f3n de la trituradora o el estado del equipo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Con la ingenier\u00eda y las medidas de seguridad adecuadas, la medici\u00f3n tambi\u00e9n podr\u00eda contribuir a una estrategia de control automatizado.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un ejemplo hist\u00f3rico de la aplicaci\u00f3n de WipWare en una operaci\u00f3n minera en el norte de Quebec ilustra este enfoque. La operaci\u00f3n requer\u00eda controlar el material que superaba aproximadamente 150 mm (6 pulgadas) despu\u00e9s de la trituraci\u00f3n primaria. En colaboraci\u00f3n con Xstrata Process Support (XPS) y un proveedor de interruptores hidr\u00e1ulicos, WipWare ayud\u00f3 a implementar un sistema que identificaba el material de gran tama\u00f1o y se comunicaba con un PLC para realizar ajustes autom\u00e1ticos en la trituradora.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La aplicaci\u00f3n demuestra c\u00f3mo las mediciones de part\u00edculas pueden convertirse en datos de control pr\u00e1cticos cuando se integran con el equipo adecuado y las medidas de seguridad del proceso.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La decisi\u00f3n de automatizar debe depender de la fiabilidad con la que la medici\u00f3n representa el proceso, de la rapidez con la que se necesita una respuesta y de las consecuencias operativas del ajuste propuesto.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El objetivo es utilizar la medici\u00f3n como un dato fiable para tomar una decisi\u00f3n operativa adecuada, no automatizar simplemente porque haya datos disponibles.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Saltar a:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size is-horizontal is-layout-flex wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-1-start-with-the-process-not-the-measurement\">1. Empiece por el proceso, no por la medici\u00f3n.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-2-before-blasting-understanding-the-rock-mass\">2. Antes de la voladura: Comprender la masa rocosa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-3-after-blasting-measuring-what-was-produced\">3. Despu\u00e9s de la voladura: Midiendo lo que se produjo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-4-from-pit-to-plant-measuring-material-during-haulage\">4. Del pozo a la planta: Medici\u00f3n del material durante el transporte<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-5-through-processing-continuous-conveyor-monitoring\">5. Procesamiento continuo: Monitoreo continuo de la cinta transportadora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-6-choosing-where-to-measure\">6. Elegir d\u00f3nde medir<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-7-periodic-sampling-and-continuous-monitoring\">7. Muestreo peri\u00f3dico y monitoreo continuo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-8-turning-measurements-into-process-decisions\">8. Convertir las mediciones en decisiones de proceso<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-9-case-study-connecting-blast-fragmentation-to-crusher-requirements\">9. Estudio de caso: Conexi\u00f3n entre la fragmentaci\u00f3n por explosi\u00f3n y los requisitos de la trituradora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-10-building-long-term-visibility-across-the-life-of-a-mine\">10. Generar visibilidad a largo plazo durante la vida \u00fatil de una mina.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-conclusion\">Conclusi\u00f3n<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Art\u00edculos relacionados<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 id=\"h-9-case-study-connecting-blast-fragmentation-to-crusher-requirements\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">9. Estudio de caso: Conexi\u00f3n entre la fragmentaci\u00f3n por explosi\u00f3n y los requisitos de la trituradora<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un programa de investigaci\u00f3n en la cantera de \u00e1ridos de dstgroup en Portugal demuestra c\u00f3mo la medici\u00f3n de la fragmentaci\u00f3n puede conectar la evaluaci\u00f3n de las voladuras con los requisitos de procesamiento posteriores.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La investigaci\u00f3n cont\u00f3 con la participaci\u00f3n de WipWare, O-Pitblast y dstgroup, con el objetivo de mejorar la relaci\u00f3n entre el rendimiento de la voladura y la compatibilidad con la trituradora primaria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-establishing-a-measurable-baseline\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Establecer una l\u00ednea de base medible<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La fase inicial combin\u00f3 la topograf\u00eda detallada del banco, los estudios de los barrenos, la simulaci\u00f3n del dise\u00f1o de la voladura y la medici\u00f3n de la fragmentaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Utilizando WipFrag, los investigadores evaluaron las distribuciones del tama\u00f1o de las part\u00edculas del material dinamitado y compararon los resultados con los requisitos de la trituradora primaria de la cantera.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un an\u00e1lisis de compatibilidad de la trituradora ayud\u00f3 a identificar el material dentro del rango de tama\u00f1o deseado y el material de gran tama\u00f1o que requer\u00eda manipulaci\u00f3n o trituraci\u00f3n adicionales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Las evaluaciones iniciales revelaron diferencias entre la fragmentaci\u00f3n prevista y la medida, junto con variaciones asociadas a la geometr\u00eda de la voladura y la precisi\u00f3n de la perforaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Estos hallazgos proporcionaron una base para evaluar los ajustes posteriores.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-evaluating-blast-design-changes\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Evaluaci\u00f3n de los cambios en el dise\u00f1o de la explosi\u00f3n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En fases posteriores de la investigaci\u00f3n se estudiaron los cambios en los par\u00e1metros de dise\u00f1o de la voladura, incluidas las propiedades de contenci\u00f3n, la perforaci\u00f3n subterr\u00e1nea, la precisi\u00f3n de la perforaci\u00f3n y el momento de inicio.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Se utilizaron mediciones de fragmentaci\u00f3n para comparar los resultados y evaluar si los cambios acercaban el material a la distribuci\u00f3n de alimentaci\u00f3n deseada por la trituradora.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La investigaci\u00f3n demostr\u00f3 mejoras cuantificables tras ajustes espec\u00edficos en el dise\u00f1o de la voladura, incluyendo una reducci\u00f3n de 11% en D80, una reducci\u00f3n de 19% en el tama\u00f1o m\u00e1ximo de fragmento y una mejora de 21% en la eficiencia de fragmentaci\u00f3n. Estos cambios acercaron la distribuci\u00f3n del tama\u00f1o de part\u00edcula (PSD) del material extra\u00eddo a la zona de compatibilidad de la trituradora.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Estos resultados describen las condiciones y comparaciones particulares utilizadas en la investigaci\u00f3n, en lugar de mejoras en el rendimiento que puedan suponerse en otras operaciones.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"684\" src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Result-1-1024x684.png\" alt=\"Comparaci\u00f3n de resultados de la explosi\u00f3n con par\u00e1metros de explosi\u00f3n focalizados en azul y resultados de la explosi\u00f3n en naranja.\" class=\"wp-image-8511\" style=\"width:693px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Result-1-1024x684.png 1024w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Result-1-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Result-1-768x513.png 768w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Result-1-1536x1026.png 1536w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Result-1-18x12.png 18w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Result-1.png 1911w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-extending-measurement-to-crusher-feed\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ampliaci\u00f3n de la medici\u00f3n a la alimentaci\u00f3n de la trituradora<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La investigaci\u00f3n tambi\u00e9n incorpor\u00f3 mediciones automatizadas mediante el uso de Reflex cerca de la trituradora primaria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Estas observaciones ayudaron a evaluar el material que llegaba para su procesamiento y proporcionaron una forma adicional de comparar los efectos de los cambios en el dise\u00f1o de la voladura a lo largo del tiempo. Como se mencion\u00f3 anteriormente, tras los ajustes iniciales en el dise\u00f1o de la voladura, la distribuci\u00f3n del tama\u00f1o de part\u00edcula (PSD) del material extra\u00eddo se acerc\u00f3 a la curva de compatibilidad de la trituradora establecida durante la fase inicial.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La importancia de este trabajo no radica simplemente en que una explosi\u00f3n produjo fragmentos m\u00e1s peque\u00f1os.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Este estudio demuestra un proceso basado en mediciones, en el que los requisitos de la trituradora ayudaron a definir los objetivos de fragmentaci\u00f3n, se midieron los resultados de la voladura, se evaluaron los ajustes y se supervisaron las caracter\u00edsticas posteriores del material.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Este enfoque vincula la operaci\u00f3n de voladura con los requisitos de los equipos posteriores, en lugar de tratar la fragmentaci\u00f3n como un resultado aislado de la voladura.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para m\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n, consulte los art\u00edculos de revistas publicados. <strong><em>Un marco integral para las operaciones de \u00e1ridos, desde la mina hasta la trituradora.<\/em><\/strong>: <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/ISEE-37.-Mine-to-Crusher-Framework-for-Quarries-Taiwo.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Parte 1<\/strong><\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/391348416_A_Mine-to-Crusher_Framework_for_Aggregate_Operations_-_Part_2\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/391348416_A_Mine-to-Crusher_Framework_for_Aggregate_Operations_-_Part_2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Parte 2<\/strong><\/a> y <a href=\"https:\/\/onemine.org\/documents\/a-mine-to-crusher-framework-for-aggregate-operations-part-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Parte 3<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Saltar a:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size is-horizontal is-layout-flex wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-1-start-with-the-process-not-the-measurement\">1. Empiece por el proceso, no por la medici\u00f3n.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-2-before-blasting-understanding-the-rock-mass\">2. Antes de la voladura: Comprender la masa rocosa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-3-after-blasting-measuring-what-was-produced\">3. Despu\u00e9s de la voladura: Midiendo lo que se produjo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-4-from-pit-to-plant-measuring-material-during-haulage\">4. Del pozo a la planta: Medici\u00f3n del material durante el transporte<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-5-through-processing-continuous-conveyor-monitoring\">5. Procesamiento continuo: Monitoreo continuo de la cinta transportadora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-6-choosing-where-to-measure\">6. Elegir d\u00f3nde medir<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-7-periodic-sampling-and-continuous-monitoring\">7. Muestreo peri\u00f3dico y monitoreo continuo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-8-turning-measurements-into-process-decisions\">8. Convertir las mediciones en decisiones de proceso<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-9-case-study-connecting-blast-fragmentation-to-crusher-requirements\">9. Estudio de caso: Conexi\u00f3n entre la fragmentaci\u00f3n por explosi\u00f3n y los requisitos de la trituradora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-10-building-long-term-visibility-across-the-life-of-a-mine\">10. Generar visibilidad a largo plazo durante la vida \u00fatil de una mina.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-conclusion\">Conclusi\u00f3n<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Art\u00edculos relacionados<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 id=\"h-10-building-long-term-visibility-across-the-life-of-a-mine\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">10. Generar visibilidad a largo plazo durante la vida \u00fatil de una mina.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Las mediciones individuales proporcionan informaci\u00f3n sobre el material en un momento y lugar determinados.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Su valor puede aumentar cuando los resultados se recopilan de forma sistem\u00e1tica, se asocian a las condiciones de funcionamiento y se comparan durante per\u00edodos m\u00e1s prolongados.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A medida que avanza la miner\u00eda, las operaciones se encuentran con diferentes zonas geol\u00f3gicas, caracter\u00edsticas de los materiales, condiciones de los equipos y requisitos de procesamiento.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Las mediciones recopiladas a lo largo del tiempo pueden ayudar a documentar estos cambios y proporcionar una referencia para evaluar el rendimiento posterior.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-connecting-measurements-across-stages\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conectando mediciones entre etapas<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Las tecnolog\u00edas de WipWare proporcionan m\u00e9todos complementarios para caracterizar el material a lo largo de todo el ciclo de miner\u00eda y procesamiento:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>WipJoint<\/strong> Caracteriza la estructura rocosa expuesta antes de la voladura.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>WipFrag<\/strong> Eval\u00faa la fragmentaci\u00f3n posterior a la explosi\u00f3n y otras muestras de material accesibles.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>BlastCast<\/strong> Ayuda a comparar la fragmentaci\u00f3n medida con los resultados modelados e investigar posibles cambios de dise\u00f1o.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Reflejo<\/strong> Proporciona mediciones automatizadas de la carga del veh\u00edculo entre la carga, el transporte y el procesamiento.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Solo<\/strong> Proporciona mediciones repetidas de material en cintas transportadoras y l\u00edneas de proceso.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>MailFrag<\/strong> Proporciona an\u00e1lisis WipFrag con asistencia de especialistas cuando los recursos de an\u00e1lisis internos son limitados.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Estas tecnolog\u00edas no miden los materiales de la misma manera, ni es necesario implementarlas conjuntamente para aportar valor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cada m\u00e9todo aborda un requisito de medici\u00f3n diferente, y la utilidad de combinar los resultados depende de un muestreo adecuado, una calibraci\u00f3n correcta, informes coherentes y la informaci\u00f3n operativa disponible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Por ejemplo, una mina puede comparar las mediciones de WipFrag de una voladura con las mediciones posteriores de Reflex de los camiones que salen de esa zona minera. Las mediciones de Solo pueden proporcionar informaci\u00f3n sobre el material que entra o sale de una etapa de procesamiento.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cuando estos resultados se asocian con su ubicaci\u00f3n, momento, origen y condiciones de operaci\u00f3n, pueden ayudar a explicar c\u00f3mo cambian las caracter\u00edsticas del material a medida que avanza la producci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-evaluating-trends-and-operational-changes\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Evaluaci\u00f3n de tendencias y cambios operativos<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Los registros de mediciones a largo plazo tambi\u00e9n pueden servir de base para realizar comparaciones entre diferentes per\u00edodos de funcionamiento.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Una mina podr\u00eda evaluar la fragmentaci\u00f3n antes y despu\u00e9s de un cambio en las pr\u00e1cticas de voladura, examinar el tama\u00f1o del producto triturado a medida que el equipo se desgasta o comparar las caracter\u00edsticas de alimentaci\u00f3n del circuito de molienda de diferentes \u00e1reas mineras.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Las mediciones pueden evaluarse junto con indicadores operativos como el rendimiento, el consumo de energ\u00eda, la configuraci\u00f3n de los equipos, los registros de mantenimiento y el enrutamiento de materiales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Esto ayuda a los ingenieros a investigar si los cambios en las caracter\u00edsticas del material est\u00e1n asociados con cambios en el rendimiento del proceso.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Es importante destacar que las mediciones de fragmentaci\u00f3n no cuantifican directamente la eficiencia energ\u00e9tica, el desgaste de los equipos ni el ahorro de costes. Para obtener esos resultados se necesitan datos operativos correspondientes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La utilidad de la medici\u00f3n de la fragmentaci\u00f3n radica en que a\u00f1ade informaci\u00f3n sobre la caracterizaci\u00f3n del material a dichas evaluaciones, lo que ayuda a los operadores a comprender mejor las condiciones que influyen en el rendimiento.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-building-a-consistent-improvement-process\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Construyendo un proceso de mejora constante<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un programa de mejora basado en mediciones comienza por definir los requisitos de la operaci\u00f3n y establecer objetivos significativos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Posteriormente, se toman medidas en lugares seleccionados para determinar c\u00f3mo se comparan las caracter\u00edsticas reales del material con dichos requisitos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cuando las condiciones difieren de las expectativas, los resultados pueden evaluarse junto con la informaci\u00f3n geol\u00f3gica, de equipos y operativa correspondiente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Posteriormente, se pueden evaluar los cambios en la voladura, la trituraci\u00f3n, el cribado u otros par\u00e1metros del proceso mediante mediciones posteriores.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Con el tiempo, esto crea un proceso de retroalimentaci\u00f3n en el que las decisiones operativas se basan en el comportamiento observado de los materiales, en lugar de basarse \u00fanicamente en suposiciones.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">No todas las operaciones requieren sistemas de medici\u00f3n en cada etapa. Un \u00fanico sistema bien ubicado puede aportar un valor considerable al abordar un problema operativo importante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Otras operaciones podr\u00edan beneficiarse de la combinaci\u00f3n de mediciones en varios puntos para comprender c\u00f3mo cambia el material a medida que avanza en el proceso de producci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>El objetivo es establecer las mediciones correctas, en los lugares correctos, con un prop\u00f3sito claro para el uso de los resultados.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Las investigaciones publicadas ofrecen ejemplos pr\u00e1cticos de c\u00f3mo se han aplicado estos enfoques de medici\u00f3n en diferentes operaciones. Los estudios que involucran el control de molinos SAG, el rendimiento de trituradoras, el monitoreo de transportadores y la optimizaci\u00f3n de voladuras demuestran c\u00f3mo los datos de fragmentaci\u00f3n pueden contribuir a evaluaciones m\u00e1s amplias del rendimiento del proceso. Explore estas aplicaciones en <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/kb\/wipware-fragmentation-monitoring-case-studies\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"11349\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Casos de estudio de WipWare: Fragmentaci\u00f3n y monitorizaci\u00f3n de procesos<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Saltar a:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size is-horizontal is-layout-flex wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-1-start-with-the-process-not-the-measurement\">1. Empiece por el proceso, no por la medici\u00f3n.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-2-before-blasting-understanding-the-rock-mass\">2. Antes de la voladura: Comprender la masa rocosa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-3-after-blasting-measuring-what-was-produced\">3. Despu\u00e9s de la voladura: Midiendo lo que se produjo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-4-from-pit-to-plant-measuring-material-during-haulage\">4. Del pozo a la planta: Medici\u00f3n del material durante el transporte<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-5-through-processing-continuous-conveyor-monitoring\">5. Procesamiento continuo: Monitoreo continuo de la cinta transportadora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-6-choosing-where-to-measure\">6. Elegir d\u00f3nde medir<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-7-periodic-sampling-and-continuous-monitoring\">7. Muestreo peri\u00f3dico y monitoreo continuo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-8-turning-measurements-into-process-decisions\">8. Convertir las mediciones en decisiones de proceso<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-9-case-study-connecting-blast-fragmentation-to-crusher-requirements\">9. Estudio de caso: Conexi\u00f3n entre la fragmentaci\u00f3n por explosi\u00f3n y los requisitos de la trituradora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-10-building-long-term-visibility-across-the-life-of-a-mine\">10. Generar visibilidad a largo plazo durante la vida \u00fatil de una mina.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-conclusion\">Conclusi\u00f3n<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Art\u00edculos relacionados<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 id=\"h-conclusion\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusi\u00f3n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La fragmentaci\u00f3n afecta a mucho m\u00e1s que a las consecuencias inmediatas de una explosi\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Las caracter\u00edsticas del material influyen en la carga, el transporte, la trituraci\u00f3n, el cribado, la molienda y la uniformidad del procesamiento posterior. Para comprender estas relaciones, se requieren mediciones que puedan vincularse con las decisiones operativas tomadas en cada etapa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Desde la caracterizaci\u00f3n de la roca previa a la voladura y la evaluaci\u00f3n de la fragmentaci\u00f3n hasta la monitorizaci\u00f3n automatizada de la carga de los veh\u00edculos y las cintas transportadoras, WipWare proporciona tecnolog\u00edas complementarias para comprender c\u00f3mo cambia el material a lo largo de una operaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Junto con un muestreo adecuado, registros operativos y objetivos de proceso, estas mediciones pueden ayudar a las operaciones a identificar la variabilidad, evaluar los cambios y desarrollar enfoques m\u00e1s consistentes para la mejora de procesos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A lo largo de la vida \u00fatil de una mina, el historial de mediciones resultante puede proporcionar un contexto valioso para comprender las condiciones cambiantes de los materiales, comparar estrategias operativas e informar decisiones futuras.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El valor no reside simplemente en recopilar m\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n, sino en comprender el significado de las mediciones y utilizarlas para tomar decisiones mejor fundamentadas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Porque no se puede gestionar lo que no se puede medir.<\/strong>!<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Saltar a:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size is-horizontal is-layout-flex wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-1-start-with-the-process-not-the-measurement\">1. Empiece por el proceso, no por la medici\u00f3n.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-2-before-blasting-understanding-the-rock-mass\">2. Antes de la voladura: Comprender la masa rocosa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-3-after-blasting-measuring-what-was-produced\">3. Despu\u00e9s de la voladura: Midiendo lo que se produjo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-4-from-pit-to-plant-measuring-material-during-haulage\">4. Del pozo a la planta: Medici\u00f3n del material durante el transporte<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-5-through-processing-continuous-conveyor-monitoring\">5. Procesamiento continuo: Monitoreo continuo de la cinta transportadora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-6-choosing-where-to-measure\">6. Elegir d\u00f3nde medir<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-7-periodic-sampling-and-continuous-monitoring\">7. Muestreo peri\u00f3dico y monitoreo continuo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-8-turning-measurements-into-process-decisions\">8. Convertir las mediciones en decisiones de proceso<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-9-case-study-connecting-blast-fragmentation-to-crusher-requirements\">9. Estudio de caso: Conexi\u00f3n entre la fragmentaci\u00f3n por explosi\u00f3n y los requisitos de la trituradora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-10-building-long-term-visibility-across-the-life-of-a-mine\">10. Generar visibilidad a largo plazo durante la vida \u00fatil de una mina.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/?p=11208\/&amp;preview=true#h-conclusion\">Conclusi\u00f3n<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" id=\"h-related-articles\"\/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Descubra c\u00f3mo las mediciones de fragmentaci\u00f3n contribuyen a tomar mejores decisiones, desde la voladura hasta el procesamiento de minerales, incluyendo la caracterizaci\u00f3n de rocas, el monitoreo de la alimentaci\u00f3n de la trituradora y el an\u00e1lisis continuo del tama\u00f1o de las part\u00edculas.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":8521,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[91],"tags":[104,89,93,94,58],"class_list":["post-8503","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kb","tag-aggregates","tag-mining","tag-reflex","tag-solo","tag-wipfrag"],"acf":{"related_posts":[{"ID":10311,"post_author":"20","post_date":"2026-09-25 18:03:59","post_date_gmt":"2026-09-25 22:03:59","post_content":"<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"width\":\"100%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\" style=\"flex-basis:100%\"><!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"space-between\",\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:post-excerpt {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fill\",\"flexSize\":null},\"typography\":{\"fontStyle\":\"italic\",\"fontWeight\":\"700\"}}} \/-->\n\n<!-- wp:buttons {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons\"><!-- wp:button -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=10814\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">PDF \u2b73<\/a><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:button --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:buttons --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"20px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"20px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:yoast-seo\/table-of-contents {\"level\":3,\"maxHeadingLevel\":2} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-yoast-seo-table-of-contents yoast-table-of-contents\"><h3>Contents<\/h3><ul><li><a href=\"#h-getting-good-wipfrag-results\" data-level=\"2\">Getting Good WipFrag Results<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-1-terrestrial-images-piles-stockpiles-and-bulk-material\" data-level=\"2\">1. Terrestrial Images \u2013 Piles, Stockpiles, and Bulk Material<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-2-uav-drone-images-large-area-capture\" data-level=\"2\">2. UAV \/ Drone Images \u2013 Large-Area Capture<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-3-underground-image-capture\" data-level=\"2\">3. Underground Image Capture<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-4-lab-samples-trays-and-microscopy\" data-level=\"2\">4. Lab Samples, Trays, and Microscopy<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-5-before-you-leave-the-sample\" data-level=\"2\">5. Before You Leave the Sample<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-additional-information\" data-level=\"2\">Additional Information<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:yoast-seo\/table-of-contents -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-getting-good-wipfrag-results\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-getting-good-wipfrag-results\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Getting Good WipFrag Results<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Good <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/wipfrag\/\" data-type=\"products\" data-id=\"36\">WipFrag<\/a> results begin with images that are <strong>clear, properly scaled, and representative of the material being measured.<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Before capturing an image, ask:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Can I clearly see the particles I need to measure?<\/strong><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Does this image represent the material I am measuring?<\/strong><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Am I using the correct scaling method?<\/strong><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For large or variable samples, capture multiple representative images rather than relying on a single photograph.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-general-capture-rules\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-general-capture-rules\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">General Capture Rules<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<style>\n\/* =========================================================\n   MOBILE LAYOUT\n   All DO items stack first, followed by all AVOID items.\n   Desktop\/tablet layout is unaffected.\n   ========================================================= *\/\n\n@media (max-width: 600px) {\n\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table {\n        display: block;\n        width: 100%;\n        border-collapse: separate;\n    }\n\n    \/* Hide the original two-column header *\/\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table thead {\n        display: none;\n    }\n\n    \/*\n     * Flatten the table rows so the cells can be reordered.\n     * This allows every DO cell to appear before every AVOID cell.\n     *\/\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tbody {\n        display: flex;\n        flex-direction: column;\n        width: 100%;\n    }\n\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tr {\n        display: contents;\n    }\n\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table td {\n        display: block;\n        width: 100% !important;\n        box-sizing: border-box;\n        padding: 12px 16px !important;\n        font-size: 16px !important;\n        line-height: 1.45;\n    }\n\n    \/* All DO cells first *\/\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table td:first-child {\n        order: 1;\n        border-right: none !important;\n    }\n\n    \/* All AVOID cells second *\/\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table td:last-child {\n        order: 2;\n    }\n\n    \/* Mobile DO header *\/\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tr:first-child td:first-child::before {\n        content: \"DO\";\n        display: block;\n        margin: -12px -16px 12px -16px;\n        padding: 9px 16px;\n        background-color: #00b050;\n        color: #ffffff;\n        font-size: 20px;\n        font-weight: bold;\n        text-align: center;\n        border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n    }\n\n    \/* Thick divider before AVOID section *\/\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tr:first-child td:last-child {\n        border-top: 3pt solid #000000;\n    }\n\n    \/* Mobile AVOID header *\/\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tr:first-child td:last-child::before {\n        content: \"AVOID\";\n        display: block;\n        margin: -12px -16px 12px -16px;\n        padding: 9px 16px;\n        background-color: #ee0000;\n        color: #ffffff;\n        font-size: 20px;\n        font-weight: bold;\n        text-align: center;\n        border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n    }\n}\n<\/style>\n\n\n<div id=\"general-do-avoid\">\n\n<table class=\"do-avoid-table\" style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #000000;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n\n    <!-- =====================================================\n         HEADER\n         ===================================================== -->\n    <thead>\n        <tr>\n            <th style=\"\n                width: 50%;\n                background-color: #00b050;\n                color: #ffffff;\n                font-size: 22px;\n                font-weight: bold;\n                text-align: center;\n                padding: 12px 16px;\n                border-right: 3pt solid #000000;\n                border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                DO\n            <\/th>\n\n            <th style=\"\n                width: 50%;\n                background-color: #ee0000;\n                color: #ffffff;\n                font-size: 22px;\n                font-weight: bold;\n                text-align: center;\n                padding: 12px 16px;\n                border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                AVOID\n            <\/th>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/thead>\n\n\n    <!-- =====================================================\n         CONTENT\n         ===================================================== -->\n    <tbody>\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 1 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 1 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Fill the image with the material being analyzed.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 1 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Large areas of sky, floor, walls, equipment or background.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 2 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 2 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Capture sharp, well-focused images.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 2 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Motion blur or out-of-focus particles.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 3 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 3 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use even lighting that keeps particle boundaries visible.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 3 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Deep shadows, glare, or overexposure.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 4 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 4 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Capture enough particles to represent the material.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 4 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Extreme close-ups containing only a few particles.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 5 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 5 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Include the relevant range of particle sizes.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 5 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Selecting only obvious coarse or fine areas.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 6 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 6 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Keep the capture method consistent when comparing samples.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 6 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Changing the method between comparable samples.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 7 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 7 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use optical zoom or change your working distance when needed.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 7 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Digital zoom.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 8 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 8 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use multiple images for large or variable samples.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 8 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Assuming one convenient photograph represents the whole sample.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"50px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                REMEMBER\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                <b>WipFrag can only measure what the camera can see.<\/b> If a particle cannot be clearly distinguished in the original image, it cannot be reliably measured from that image.\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#top\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#top\">Top of Page<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-getting-good-wipfrag-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-getting-good-wipfrag-results\">Getting Good WipFrag Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-terrestrial-images-piles-stockpiles-and-bulk-material\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-terrestrial-images-piles-stockpiles-and-bulk-material\">Terrestrial Images<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-uav-drone-images-large-area-capture\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-uav-drone-images-large-area-capture\">UAV \/ Drone Images<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-underground-image-capture\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-underground-image-capture\">Underground Images<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-lab-samples-trays-and-microscopy\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-lab-samples-trays-and-microscopy\">Lab Samples, Trays, and Microscopy<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-6-before-you-leave-the-sample\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-6-before-you-leave-the-sample\">Before You Leave the Sample<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-7-additional-information\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-7-additional-information\">Additional Information<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-1-terrestrial-images-piles-stockpiles-and-bulk-material\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-1-terrestrial-images-piles-stockpiles-and-bulk-material\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Terrestrial Images \u2013 Piles, Stockpiles, and Bulk Material<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":10636,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Field-Image-Capture.png\" alt=\"A diagram of a person capturing images in the field with a handheld device using WipFrag.\" class=\"wp-image-10636\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-sample-the-pile-don-t-just-photograph-it\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-sample-the-pile-don-t-just-photograph-it\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sample the pile \u2013 don\u2019t just photograph it<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Muckpiles and stockpiles are rarely uniform. Coarse material may collect toward the toe or edges of the pile, while smaller material may collect elsewhere or become hidden beneath the surface. The same principles also apply when <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Wi4pfEPlcAk\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Wi4pfEPlcAk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">analyzing joint planes<\/a> with <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/news\/wipjoint-now-available-for-wipfrag-4-users\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"8440\">WipJoint<\/a>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Capture several representative areas rather than photographing only the easiest or most obvious location.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>For a large pile<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Capture <strong>several areas<\/strong> across the pile, do NOT take several images of the same area.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Include both central and outer areas where practical.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>If the pile is being excavated, capture newly exposed material as it becomes available (if possible).<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Keep images from the same pile, blast or sample grouped together for analysis.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For general rockpile work, <strong>five or more representative images<\/strong> is a useful starting point. Use more when the pile is highly variable or when oversized particles are especially important.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Where practical, capture <strong>hundreds of visible particles<\/strong> in each image. Avoid framing so tightly that one large particle dominates the view.<strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-position-the-camera\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-position-the-camera\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Position the camera<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Face the material as directly as practical and fill the frame with broken material.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Keep the camera reasonably square to the material surface. Stand far enough back to reduce perspective distortion, and use optical zoom when needed to fill the frame from a better or safer working position.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Avoid close, wide-angle photographs of sloped piles. They exaggerate the particles nearest the camera and make the farther material appear smaller.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-choose-the-right-viewing-distance\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-choose-the-right-viewing-distance\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Choose the right viewing distance<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Work close enough to clearly see the particles that matter, but far enough back to capture a representative area.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>If you are too far away, smaller particles may disappear into the image. If you are too close, the image may exclude larger particles or too much of the pile.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For broad size distributions, capture additional closer or wider views rather than expecting one image to represent every particle size equally well.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-scaling-terrestrial-images\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-scaling-terrestrial-images\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Scaling terrestrial images<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use the scaling method that matches how the image was captured.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"50%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4,\"anchor\":\"h-auto-scale\"} -->\n<h4 id=\"h-auto-scale\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Auto Scale<\/strong><\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"placeholder\":\"Content\u2026\"} -->\n<p>When capturing directly through WipFrag on a supported mobile device, Auto Scale can eliminate the need to place a physical scale in the image. For Auto Scale, position yourself on the same general level as the material being captured.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Read more about Auto Scale in the <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=6685\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=6685\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>WipFrag User Manual<\/strong><\/a> or watch the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=6JsUzxJ95ko\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=6JsUzxJ95ko\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Auto Scale tutorial video<\/strong><\/a> on YouTube.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"50%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":10644,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/WipFrag-4-in-quarry-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"A person using WipFrag on a mobile device in a quarry\" class=\"wp-image-10644\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"50%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4,\"anchor\":\"h-distance-scale-edm\"} -->\n<h4 id=\"h-distance-scale-edm\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Distance Scale (EDM)<\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"placeholder\":\"Content\u2026\"} -->\n<p>An electronic distance measurement (EDM) device can be used to measure the distance between camera and material. You must also know the material\u2019s angle of repose relative to the camera view axis. These values will then be used by WipFrag to calculate material scale. This method allows for the use of optical zoom lenses. This method can also be used with drones to capture scaled single images of material piles and\/or highwalls, provided the drone can indicate its distance from the material.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Read more about Distance Scale in the <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=6685\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=6685\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>WipFrag User Manual<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"50%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":10651,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/WipFrag-EDM-Distance-Scale-Diagram-1024x625.png\" alt=\"A diagram of a person using WipFrag, measuring distance with an EDM and measuring the angle of repose of the material pile\" class=\"wp-image-10651\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"50%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4,\"anchor\":\"h-single-scale\"} -->\n<h4 id=\"h-single-scale\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Single Scale<\/strong><\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"placeholder\":\"Content\u2026\"} -->\n<p>Use one physical scale when the material is approximately on one plane with little depth change across the image. This is NOT the best method for field images unless capturing a relatively flat surface from a top-down or perpendicular position.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Read more about physical scale reference objects in the <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=6685\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=6685\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>WipFrag User Manual<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"50%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":10660,\"aspectRatio\":\"3\/2\",\"scale\":\"cover\",\"focalPoint\":{\"x\":0.43,\"y\":0.34},\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Single-Scale-Example.png\" alt=\"An example of a single scale reference object used in an image\" class=\"wp-image-10660\" style=\"aspect-ratio:3\/2;object-fit:cover;object-position:43% 34%\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"50%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4,\"anchor\":\"h-dual-scale\"} -->\n<h4 id=\"h-dual-scale\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Dual Scale<\/strong><\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"placeholder\":\"Content\u2026\"} -->\n<p>Use two physical scales when the material slopes significantly away from the camera. Place the scales at different depths (foreground vs background), oriented horizontally in the image, so WipFrag can account for the change in perspective. This is the best method for field images when using physical scale reference objects.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Read more about physical scale reference objects in the <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=6685\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=6685\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>WipFrag User Manual<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"50%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":10662,\"aspectRatio\":\"3\/2\",\"scale\":\"cover\",\"focalPoint\":{\"x\":0.61,\"y\":0.3},\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Dual-Scale-Example-1024x769.png\" alt=\"An example of dual scale reference objects used in an image\" class=\"wp-image-10662\" style=\"aspect-ratio:3\/2;object-fit:cover;object-position:61% 30%\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Keep physical scales clearly visible and place them where they do NOT hide important material.<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\",\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-style-full-width has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"55%\",\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center has-small-font-size\" style=\"flex-basis:55%\"><!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #000000;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <thead>\n        <tr>\n            <th style=\"\n                background-color: #00b050;\n                color: #ffffff;\n                font-size: 22px;\n                font-weight: bold;\n                text-align: center;\n                padding: 12px 16px;\n                border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                TERRESTRIAL IMAGES \u2013 DO\n            <\/th>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/thead>\n\n    <tbody>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 1 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Capture several representative locations.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 2 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Fill the frame with material.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 3 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Keep the image sharp and in focus.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 4 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Capture enough particles to represent the sample.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 5 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use even lighting where practical.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 6 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use the appropriate scaling method.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 7 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Keep images from each pile, blast or sample grouped together.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 8 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Capture additional views when one image cannot show the full relevant size range.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\",\"blockVisibility\":{\"controlSets\":[{\"id\":1,\"enable\":true,\"controls\":{\"browserDevice\":{\"hideOnRuleSets\":true,\"ruleSets\":[{\"enable\":true,\"rules\":[{\"field\":\"deviceType\",\"operator\":\"any\",\"value\":[\"mobile\",\"robot\"]}]}]}}}]}} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"45%\",\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center has-small-font-size\" style=\"flex-basis:45%\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":10641,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Good-Field-Image-1.png\" alt=\"An example of a good field image, excellent for WipFrag analysis.\" class=\"wp-image-10641\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>An example of a well-captured field image, perfect for analysis.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\",\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-style-full-width has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"55%\",\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center has-small-font-size\" style=\"flex-basis:55%\"><!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #000000;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <thead>\n        <tr>\n            <th style=\"\n                background-color: #ee0000;\n                color: #ffffff;\n                font-size: 22px;\n                font-weight: bold;\n                text-align: center;\n                padding: 12px 16px;\n                border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                TERRESTRIAL IMAGES \u2013 AVOID\n            <\/th>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/thead>\n\n    <tbody>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 1 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Selecting only the coarsest or finest-looking areas.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 2 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Relying on one convenient photograph to represent a large or variable sample.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 3 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Extreme oblique angles.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 4 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Close wide-angle views.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 5 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Digital zoom.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 6 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Using a single scale where there is significant depth or slope.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 7 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Entering unstable material to place a scale object.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 8 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Filling the image with unnecessary sky, ground, equipment or surroundings.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\",\"blockVisibility\":{\"controlSets\":[{\"id\":1,\"enable\":true,\"controls\":{\"browserDevice\":{\"hideOnRuleSets\":true,\"ruleSets\":[{\"enable\":true,\"rules\":[{\"field\":\"deviceType\",\"operator\":\"any\",\"value\":[\"mobile\",\"robot\"]}]}]}}}]}} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"45%\",\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center has-small-font-size\" style=\"flex-basis:45%\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":10638,\"focalPoint\":{\"x\":1,\"y\":0},\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Bad-Field-Image-1.png\" alt=\"An example of a bad field image, not suitable for WipFrag analysis.\" class=\"wp-image-10638\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>An example of a poorly-captured field image, NOT suitable for analysis.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                REMEMBER\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                <b>You do NOT require scale reference objects to use WipFrag.<\/b> The built-in Auto Scale feature is extremely powerful. Try it out a few times to see how it works for your device type.\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"className\":\"is-style-default\",\"style\":{\"color\":{\"background\":\"#c6f6d5\"}}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-top is-style-default has-background\" style=\"background-color:#c6f6d5\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"style\":{\"color\":{\"background\":\"#c6f6d5\"},\"typography\":{\"fontSize\":\"0px\"}}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top has-background\" style=\"background-color:#c6f6d5;font-size:0px\"><!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\",\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":10666,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fit\",\"flexSize\":null}}} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Good-Smile-Icon.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10666\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"width\":\"0px\",\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"flexSize\":\"10px\",\"selfStretch\":\"fixed\"}}} -->\n<div style=\"height:100px;width:0px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"color\":{\"text\":\"#007a37\"},\"elements\":{\"link\":{\"color\":{\"text\":\"#007a37\"}}}},\"fontSize\":\"medium\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size\" style=\"color:#007a37\"><strong>Example Terrestrial Images - Good:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:gallery {\"columns\":1,\"linkTo\":\"none\",\"aspectRatio\":\"4\/3\",\"align\":\"center\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery aligncenter has-nested-images columns-1 is-cropped\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":10681,\"aspectRatio\":\"4\/3\",\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"className\":\"is-style-default\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-style-default\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Good-Field-Image-2.png\" alt=\"An example of a good field image, excellent for WipFrag analysis\" class=\"wp-image-10681\" style=\"aspect-ratio:4\/3\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":10679,\"aspectRatio\":\"4\/3\",\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"className\":\"is-style-default\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-style-default\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Good-Field-Image-4.png\" alt=\"An example of a good field image, excellent for WipFrag analysis.\" class=\"wp-image-10679\" style=\"aspect-ratio:4\/3\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":10680,\"aspectRatio\":\"4\/3\",\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"className\":\"is-style-default\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-style-default\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Good-Field-Image-3.png\" alt=\"An example of a good field image, excellent for WipFrag analysis\" class=\"wp-image-10680\" style=\"aspect-ratio:4\/3\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:gallery --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-default\",\"style\":{\"elements\":{\"link\":{\"color\":{\"text\":\"var:preset|color|black\"}}},\"color\":{\"background\":\"#fed7d7\"}},\"textColor\":\"black\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-default has-black-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color\" style=\"background-color:#fed7d7\"><!-- wp:column {\"style\":{\"color\":{\"background\":\"#fed7d7\"},\"typography\":{\"fontSize\":\"0px\"}}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column has-background\" style=\"background-color:#fed7d7;font-size:0px\"><!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\",\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":10675,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fit\",\"flexSize\":null}}} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Bad-No-Icon.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10675\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"width\":\"0px\",\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"flexSize\":\"10px\",\"selfStretch\":\"fixed\"}}} -->\n<div style=\"height:100px;width:0px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"elements\":{\"link\":{\"color\":{\"text\":\"var:preset|color|vivid-red\"}}}},\"textColor\":\"vivid-red\",\"fontSize\":\"medium\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-vivid-red-color has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Example Terrestrial Images - Bad:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:gallery {\"columns\":1,\"linkTo\":\"none\",\"aspectRatio\":\"4\/3\",\"align\":\"center\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery aligncenter has-nested-images columns-1 is-cropped\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":10694,\"aspectRatio\":\"4\/3\",\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Bad-Field-Image-2.png\" alt=\"An example of a bad field image, not suitable for WipFrag analysis.\" class=\"wp-image-10694\" style=\"aspect-ratio:4\/3\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":10695,\"aspectRatio\":\"4\/3\",\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Bad-Field-Image-3.png\" alt=\"An example of a bad field image, not suitable for WipFrag analysis.\" class=\"wp-image-10695\" style=\"aspect-ratio:4\/3\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":10696,\"aspectRatio\":\"4\/3\",\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Bad-Field-Image-4.png\" alt=\"An example of a bad field image, not suitable for WipFrag analysis.\" class=\"wp-image-10696\" style=\"aspect-ratio:4\/3\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:gallery --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#top\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#top\">Top of Page<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-getting-good-wipfrag-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-getting-good-wipfrag-results\">Getting Good WipFrag Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-terrestrial-images-piles-stockpiles-and-bulk-material\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-terrestrial-images-piles-stockpiles-and-bulk-material\">Terrestrial Images<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-uav-drone-images-large-area-capture\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-uav-drone-images-large-area-capture\">UAV \/ Drone Images<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-underground-image-capture\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-underground-image-capture\">Underground Images<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-lab-samples-trays-and-microscopy\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-lab-samples-trays-and-microscopy\">Lab Samples, Trays, and Microscopy<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-6-before-you-leave-the-sample\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-6-before-you-leave-the-sample\">Before You Leave the Sample<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-7-additional-information\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-7-additional-information\">Additional Information<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-2-uav-drone-images-large-area-capture\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-2-uav-drone-images-large-area-capture\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. UAV \/ Drone Images \u2013 Large-Area Capture<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":10726,\"aspectRatio\":\"2.235955056179775\",\"scale\":\"contain\",\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/UAV-Image-Capture.png\" alt=\"A diagram of a drone capturing an image for analysis in WipFrag\" class=\"wp-image-10726\" style=\"aspect-ratio:2.235955056179775;object-fit:contain\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>UAV imagery is useful for large piles, blasts, stockpiles, and other areas that are difficult to represent with ground-based photographs.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For WipFrag orthomosaic analysis, focus on three things: <strong>complete coverage, sufficient overlap, and enough image detail to see the particles that matter<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-plan-the-flight\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-plan-the-flight\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Plan the flight<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Cover the entire area you intend to analyze, including its edges.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>For an automated mapping flight<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Point the camera <strong>straight down (90\u00b0)<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Use approximately <strong>80% image overlap<\/strong> in the direction of travel and between adjacent flight lines.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Use a regular grid or mapping flight pattern.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Keep a <strong>consistent altitude<\/strong> during the mapping pass.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Capture sharp still images without motion blur.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-choose-the-right-altitude\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-choose-the-right-altitude\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Choose the right altitude<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>As a practical starting point, <strong>20\u201340 m above the material<\/strong> works well for many applications.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Adjust the altitude for the camera, particle size, area being covered, and terrain<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Flying higher covers more area but reduces particle detail. Flying lower provides more detail but requires more images and careful coverage.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Fly low enough that the particles you care about remain clearly visible<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-check-flight-conditions\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-check-flight-conditions\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Check flight conditions<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Choose conditions that allow the UAV to remain stable and produce sharp, evenly exposed images.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Avoid strong wind, rain, poor visibility, heavy glare, deep shadows, or other conditions likely to produce blurred or poorly exposed images.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Before leaving the site, check the images for <strong>sharpness and complete coverage<\/strong> whenever practical.<strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-scaling-uav-imagery\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-scaling-uav-imagery\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Scaling UAV imagery<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A physical scale object is NOT normally required for WipFrag's UAV orthomosaic workflow.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Refer to the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=6685\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=6685\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">WipFrag User Manual<\/a><\/strong> for the current orthomosaic creation, scaling, and analysis procedure, or check out the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=sklCij1ET7Q\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=sklCij1ET7Q\">UAV orthomosaic tutorial<\/a> on our YouTube channel.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<style>\n\/* =========================================================\n   MOBILE LAYOUT\n   All DO items stack first, followed by all AVOID items.\n   Desktop\/tablet layout is unaffected.\n   ========================================================= *\/\n\n@media (max-width: 600px) {\n\n    #uav-do-avoid .do-avoid-table {\n        display: block;\n        width: 100%;\n        border-collapse: separate;\n    }\n\n    \/* Hide the original two-column header *\/\n    #uav-do-avoid .do-avoid-table thead {\n        display: none;\n    }\n\n    \/*\n     * Flatten the table rows so the cells can be reordered.\n     * This allows every DO cell to appear before every AVOID cell.\n     *\/\n    #uav-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tbody {\n        display: flex;\n        flex-direction: column;\n        width: 100%;\n    }\n\n    #uav-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tr {\n        display: contents;\n    }\n\n    #uav-do-avoid .do-avoid-table td {\n        display: block;\n        width: 100% !important;\n        box-sizing: border-box;\n        padding: 12px 16px !important;\n        font-size: 16px !important;\n        line-height: 1.45;\n    }\n\n    \/* All DO cells first *\/\n    #uav-do-avoid .do-avoid-table td:first-child {\n        order: 1;\n        border-right: none !important;\n    }\n\n    \/* All AVOID cells second *\/\n    #uav-do-avoid .do-avoid-table td:last-child {\n        order: 2;\n    }\n\n    \/* Mobile DO header *\/\n    #uav-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tr:first-child td:first-child::before {\n        content: \"UAV IMAGES \u2013 DO\";\n        display: block;\n        margin: -12px -16px 12px -16px;\n        padding: 9px 16px;\n        background-color: #00b050;\n        color: #ffffff;\n        font-size: 20px;\n        font-weight: bold;\n        text-align: center;\n        border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n    }\n\n    \/* Thick divider before AVOID section *\/\n    #uav-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tr:first-child td:last-child {\n        border-top: 3pt solid #000000;\n    }\n\n    \/* Mobile AVOID header *\/\n    #uav-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tr:first-child td:last-child::before {\n        content: \"UAV IMAGES \u2013 AVOID\";\n        display: block;\n        margin: -12px -16px 12px -16px;\n        padding: 9px 16px;\n        background-color: #ee0000;\n        color: #ffffff;\n        font-size: 20px;\n        font-weight: bold;\n        text-align: center;\n        border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n    }\n}\n<\/style>\n\n\n<div id=\"uav-do-avoid\">\n\n<table class=\"do-avoid-table\" style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #000000;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n\n    <!-- =====================================================\n         HEADER\n         ===================================================== -->\n    <thead>\n        <tr>\n            <th style=\"\n                width: 50%;\n                background-color: #00b050;\n                color: #ffffff;\n                font-size: 22px;\n                font-weight: bold;\n                text-align: center;\n                padding: 12px 16px;\n                border-right: 3pt solid #000000;\n                border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                UAV IMAGES \u2013 DO\n            <\/th>\n\n            <th style=\"\n                width: 50%;\n                background-color: #ee0000;\n                color: #ffffff;\n                font-size: 22px;\n                font-weight: bold;\n                text-align: center;\n                padding: 12px 16px;\n                border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                UAV IMAGES \u2013 AVOID\n            <\/th>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/thead>\n\n\n    <!-- =====================================================\n         CONTENT\n         ===================================================== -->\n    <tbody>\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 1 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 1 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Cover the complete blast or sample area.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 1 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Oblique scenic photographs for orthomosaic analysis.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 2 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 2 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use a repeatable mapping flight.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 2 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Missing the perimeter of the blast.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 3 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 3 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Point the camera straight down.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 3 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Insufficient image overlap.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 4 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 4 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Maintain approximately 80% overlap.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 4 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Flying unnecessarily high.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 5 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 5 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Fly low enough to resolve the particles you care about.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 5 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Flying so low that coverage becomes fragmented or incomplete.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 6 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 6 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Check image sharpness and coverage after the flight.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 6 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Blurred images.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 7 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 7 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Keep images from different blasts or flights clearly separated.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 7 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Mixing images from separate blast rounds in one orthomosaic.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"50px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"style\":{\"color\":{\"background\":\"#36a9e126\"}}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#36a9e126\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                font-size: 1.5rem;\n                padding: 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                MANUAL UAV FLIGHT AND CAPTURE\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                font-size: normal;\n                padding: 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                If automated flight paths are <b>NOT<\/b> available for your UAV \/ drone, use the <b> staircase method:<\/b>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":10840,\"aspectRatio\":\"3\/2\",\"scale\":\"cover\",\"focalPoint\":{\"x\":0.5,\"y\":0},\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/UAV-Staircase-Method-Diagram.png\" alt=\"A diagram of the staircase method of analysis for UAVs with WipFrag\" class=\"wp-image-10840\" style=\"aspect-ratio:3\/2;object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 0%\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:list {\"ordered\":true,\"style\":{\"elements\":{\"link\":{\"color\":{\"text\":\"var:preset|color|black\"}}}},\"textColor\":\"black\"} -->\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Start at an altitude of approximately 30 metres (98.5 feet)<\/strong> above the subject. Capture an image.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Move downwards<\/strong> by 5 metres (16.5 feet). Capture an image<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Move horizontally<\/strong> by 2 metres (6.5 feet). Capture an image.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Move downwards<\/strong> by 5 metres (16.5 feet). Capture an image<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Move horizontally<\/strong> by 2 metres (6.5 feet). Capture an image.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Repeat this pattern as needed,<\/strong> moving across the sample area. Capture at least 5 photos.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ol>\n<!-- \/wp:list --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#top\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#top\">Top of Page<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-getting-good-wipfrag-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-getting-good-wipfrag-results\">Getting Good WipFrag Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-terrestrial-images-piles-stockpiles-and-bulk-material\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-terrestrial-images-piles-stockpiles-and-bulk-material\">Terrestrial Images<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-uav-drone-images-large-area-capture\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-uav-drone-images-large-area-capture\">UAV \/ Drone Images<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-underground-image-capture\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-underground-image-capture\">Underground Images<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-lab-samples-trays-and-microscopy\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-lab-samples-trays-and-microscopy\">Lab Samples, Trays, and Microscopy<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-6-before-you-leave-the-sample\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-6-before-you-leave-the-sample\">Before You Leave the Sample<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-7-additional-information\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-7-additional-information\">Additional Information<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-3-underground-image-capture\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-3-underground-image-capture\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Underground Image Capture<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":10727,\"aspectRatio\":\"2.9205298013245033\",\"scale\":\"contain\",\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Underground-Image-Capture.png\" alt=\"A diagram of a person using WipFrag on a mobile device underground.\" class=\"wp-image-10727\" style=\"aspect-ratio:2.9205298013245033;object-fit:contain\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Underground image capture follows the same basic principles as field photography, but <strong>lighting and working distance<\/strong> need extra attention.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-start-with-a-safe-viewpoint\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-start-with-a-safe-viewpoint\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Start with a safe viewpoint<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Work from a safe position with a clear view of the material.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Do NOT enter unsupported ground, an active heading, or unstable material just to improve an image or place a scale.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-use-broad-even-lighting\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-use-broad-even-lighting\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Use broad, even lighting<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use enough light to keep particle boundaries visible without creating deep shadows or bright hot spots.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Where practical:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>position one light to each side of the camera;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>elevate the lights;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>aim them across the material rather than directly from the camera position; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>use broad, portable light sources such as LED panels.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This creates more even illumination while still leaving enough shadow to distinguish neighbouring particles.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-avoid-direct-camera-flash\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-avoid-direct-camera-flash\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Avoid direct camera flash<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Do NOT rely on a built-in or camera-mounted flash as the main light source. Light coming from close to the lens can flatten the image and make particle boundaries harder to see.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A single strong light from one side can create the opposite problem by producing large dark shadows.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use multiple broad light sources where practical.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-stabilize-the-camera\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-stabilize-the-camera\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Stabilize the camera<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use a tripod or other stable support when lighting is limited.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A sharp image with a longer exposure is better than a handheld image with motion blur.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-capture-large-headings-and-piles-in-sections\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-capture-large-headings-and-piles-in-sections\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Capture large headings and piles in sections<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Do NOT move so far away that the particles you care about become too small to see just to fit the entire area into one image. Instead, capture the area in several repeatable sections and combine the analyses where appropriate.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-default\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-style-default\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"50%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"fontSize\":\"1.5rem\",\"textTransform\":\"uppercase\"}}} -->\n<p style=\"font-size:1.5rem;text-transform:uppercase\"><strong>UNDERGROUND IMAGE Capture Geometry<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Where <em><strong>x<\/strong><\/em> is the width of the sample area, which is also the distance to the lighting sources. The camera\u2019s capture position should be twice that distance (2\u00d7<em><strong>x<\/strong><\/em>) away.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"50%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":10728,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"left\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignleft size-full is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Underground-Image-Capture-Geometry.png\" alt=\"A diagram of the ideal capture geometry for underground analysis with WipFrag\" class=\"wp-image-10728\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"55%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:55%\"><!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #000000;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <thead>\n        <tr>\n            <th style=\"\n                background-color: #00b050;\n                color: #ffffff;\n                font-size: 22px;\n                font-weight: bold;\n                text-align: center;\n                padding: 12px 16px;\n                border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                UNDERGROUND IMAGES \u2013 DO\n            <\/th>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/thead>\n\n    <tbody>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 1 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Work from a safe location.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 2 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use two or more broad light sources where possible.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 3 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Position lights away from the camera axis.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 4 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use a tripod in low light.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 5 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Fill the frame with the material being sampled.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 6 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Capture large areas in systematic sections when needed.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 7 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use Dual Scale when photographing material with significant depth.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\",\"blockVisibility\":{\"controlSets\":[{\"id\":1,\"enable\":true,\"controls\":{\"browserDevice\":{\"ruleSets\":[{\"enable\":true,\"rules\":[{\"field\":\"deviceType\",\"operator\":\"any\",\"value\":[\"robot\",\"mobile\"]}]}],\"hideOnRuleSets\":true}}}]}} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"45%\",\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center has-small-font-size\" style=\"flex-basis:45%\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":10731,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Good-Underground-Image-1-1024x768.png\" alt=\"An example of a good underground image, excellent for WipFrag analysis\" class=\"wp-image-10731\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>An example of a well-captured underground image.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"55%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:55%\"><!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #000000;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <thead>\n        <tr>\n            <th style=\"\n                background-color: #ee0000;\n                color: #ffffff;\n                font-size: 22px;\n                font-weight: bold;\n                text-align: center;\n                padding: 12px 16px;\n                border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                UNDERGROUND IMAGES \u2013 AVOID\n            <\/th>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/thead>\n\n    <tbody>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 1 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Camera-mounted flash.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 2 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">One harsh spotlight.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 3 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Deep shadows that hide material.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 4 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Bright glare on wet surfaces.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 5 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Noisy or blurred images when better lighting or camera support is available.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 6 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Moving farther away just to fit everything into one image.<\/span>\n            <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 7 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Entering unsafe ground to place a scale.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\",\"blockVisibility\":{\"controlSets\":[{\"id\":1,\"enable\":true,\"controls\":{\"browserDevice\":{\"hideOnRuleSets\":true,\"ruleSets\":[{\"enable\":true,\"rules\":[{\"field\":\"deviceType\",\"operator\":\"any\",\"value\":[\"mobile\",\"robot\"]}]}]}}}]}} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"45%\",\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center has-small-font-size\" style=\"flex-basis:45%\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":10732,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Bad-Underground-Image-1-1024x812.png\" alt=\"An example of a bad underground image, not suitable for WipFrag analysis.\" class=\"wp-image-10732\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>An example of a poorly-captured underground image.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#top\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#top\">Top of Page<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-getting-good-wipfrag-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-getting-good-wipfrag-results\">Getting Good WipFrag Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-terrestrial-images-piles-stockpiles-and-bulk-material\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-terrestrial-images-piles-stockpiles-and-bulk-material\">Terrestrial Images<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-uav-drone-images-large-area-capture\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-uav-drone-images-large-area-capture\">UAV \/ Drone Images<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-underground-image-capture\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-underground-image-capture\">Underground Images<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-lab-samples-trays-and-microscopy\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-lab-samples-trays-and-microscopy\">Lab Samples, Trays, and Microscopy<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-6-before-you-leave-the-sample\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-6-before-you-leave-the-sample\">Before You Leave the Sample<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-7-additional-information\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-7-additional-information\">Additional Information<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-4-lab-samples-trays-and-microscopy\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-4-lab-samples-trays-and-microscopy\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Lab Samples, Trays, and Microscopy<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"isStackedOnMobile\":false} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-not-stacked-on-mobile\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":10737,\"aspectRatio\":\"3\/2\",\"scale\":\"cover\",\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Rock-Tray-Sample-1024x768.png\" alt=\"A sample of rocks in a tray\" class=\"wp-image-10737\" style=\"aspect-ratio:3\/2;object-fit:cover\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":10738,\"aspectRatio\":\"3\/2\",\"scale\":\"cover\",\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Microscope-Slide-Sample-1024x683.png\" alt=\"A sample from a microscope slide\" class=\"wp-image-10738\" style=\"aspect-ratio:3\/2;object-fit:cover\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For controlled samples, the priority is <strong>repeatability<\/strong>. Keep sample preparation, camera position, lighting, and scale consistent between comparable analyses.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-prepare-the-sample\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-prepare-the-sample\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Prepare the sample<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Spread the material so the particles you need to measure are visible.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Do NOT arrange particles by size or remove particles simply to make the image easier to analyze. The photographed material should remain representative of the sample.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>If particles overlap enough to hide their boundaries, reduce the sample depth or divide the material into multiple representative portions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-capture-directly-from-above\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-capture-directly-from-above\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Capture directly from above<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Position the camera perpendicular to the tray or sample surface.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For repeated testing, use a fixed camera stand or tripod where practical. Keep the <strong>camera height, field of view, lighting, and sample area<\/strong> consistent from one analysis to the next.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-use-even-lighting\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-use-even-lighting\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Use even lighting<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use diffuse, even lighting across the full sample.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Avoid strong directional shadows, reflections, bright hot spots, or uneven illumination.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-scale-the-image\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-scale-the-image\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Scale the image<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For a flat tray or sample, use a Single Scale placed on the same plane as the material.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Top-down images can also be captured using the supported Auto Scale workflow. Refer to the <strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=6685\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=6685\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">WipFrag User Manual<\/a><\/strong><\/strong> for Auto Scale instructions.<br><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<style>\n\/* =========================================================\n   MOBILE LAYOUT\n   All DO items stack first, followed by all AVOID items.\n   Desktop\/tablet layout is unaffected.\n   ========================================================= *\/\n\n@media (max-width: 600px) {\n\n    #lab-do-avoid .do-avoid-table {\n        display: block;\n        width: 100%;\n        border-collapse: separate;\n    }\n\n    \/* Hide the original two-column header *\/\n    #lab-do-avoid .do-avoid-table thead {\n        display: none;\n    }\n\n    \/*\n     * Flatten the table rows so the cells can be reordered.\n     * This allows every DO cell to appear before every AVOID cell.\n     *\/\n    #lab-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tbody {\n        display: flex;\n        flex-direction: column;\n        width: 100%;\n    }\n\n    #lab-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tr {\n        display: contents;\n    }\n\n    #lab-do-avoid .do-avoid-table td {\n        display: block;\n        width: 100% !important;\n        box-sizing: border-box;\n        padding: 12px 16px !important;\n        font-size: 16px !important;\n        line-height: 1.45;\n    }\n\n    \/* All DO cells first *\/\n    #lab-do-avoid .do-avoid-table td:first-child {\n        order: 1;\n        border-right: none !important;\n    }\n\n    \/* All AVOID cells second *\/\n    #lab-do-avoid .do-avoid-table td:last-child {\n        order: 2;\n    }\n\n    \/* Mobile DO header *\/\n    #lab-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tr:first-child td:first-child::before {\n        content: \"LAB & TRAY IMAGES \u2013 DO\";\n        display: block;\n        margin: -12px -16px 12px -16px;\n        padding: 9px 16px;\n        background-color: #00b050;\n        color: #ffffff;\n        font-size: 20px;\n        font-weight: bold;\n        text-align: center;\n        border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n    }\n\n    \/* Thick divider before AVOID section *\/\n    #lab-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tr:first-child td:last-child {\n        border-top: 3pt solid #000000;\n    }\n\n    \/* Mobile AVOID header *\/\n    #lab-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tr:first-child td:last-child::before {\n        content: \"LAB & TRAY IMAGES \u2013 AVOID\";\n        display: block;\n        margin: -12px -16px 12px -16px;\n        padding: 9px 16px;\n        background-color: #ee0000;\n        color: #ffffff;\n        font-size: 20px;\n        font-weight: bold;\n        text-align: center;\n        border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n    }\n}\n<\/style>\n\n\n<div id=\"lab-do-avoid\">\n\n<table class=\"do-avoid-table\" style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #000000;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n\n    <!-- =====================================================\n         HEADER\n         ===================================================== -->\n    <thead>\n        <tr>\n            <th style=\"\n                width: 50%;\n                background-color: #00b050;\n                color: #ffffff;\n                font-size: 22px;\n                font-weight: bold;\n                text-align: center;\n                padding: 12px 16px;\n                border-right: 3pt solid #000000;\n                border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                LAB &amp; TRAY IMAGES \u2013 DO\n            <\/th>\n\n            <th style=\"\n                width: 50%;\n                background-color: #ee0000;\n                color: #ffffff;\n                font-size: 22px;\n                font-weight: bold;\n                text-align: center;\n                padding: 12px 16px;\n                border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                LAB &amp; TRAY IMAGES \u2013 AVOID\n            <\/th>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/thead>\n\n\n    <!-- =====================================================\n         CONTENT\n         ===================================================== -->\n    <tbody>\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 1 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 1 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use a repeatable camera position.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 1 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Arranging or selecting particles to change the apparent distribution.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 2 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 2 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Photograph perpendicular to the sample.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 2 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Tilting the camera.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 3 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 3 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use even, diffuse lighting.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 3 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Deep layers that hide particle boundaries.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 4 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 4 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Fill most of the image with sample material.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 4 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Placing the scale above or below the particle plane.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 5 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 5 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Keep sample preparation consistent.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 5 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Changing the capture setup between comparable samples.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 6 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 6 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Keep a physical scale on the same plane as the material.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 6 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Strong shadows, reflections, or glare.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-for-microscope-images\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-for-microscope-images\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">For microscope images<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The same principles apply at microscopic scale: <strong>clear particles, known scale, consistent capture conditions, and representative sampling<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Keep the particles of interest clearly resolved and in focus.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Use a scale appropriate to the microscope magnification.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Keep magnification consistent when comparing samples.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Use even illumination across the field of view.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Avoid overexposure that causes neighbouring particles to merge visually.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Capture several representative fields of view rather than selecting only the cleanest or easiest areas.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Keep sample preparation consistent between comparative analyses.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<style>\n\/* =========================================================\n   MOBILE LAYOUT\n   All DO items stack first, followed by all AVOID items.\n   Desktop\/tablet layout is unaffected.\n   ========================================================= *\/\n\n@media (max-width: 600px) {\n\n    #microscope-do-avoid .do-avoid-table {\n        display: block;\n        width: 100%;\n        border-collapse: separate;\n    }\n\n    \/* Hide the original two-column header *\/\n    #microscope-do-avoid .do-avoid-table thead {\n        display: none;\n    }\n\n    \/*\n     * Flatten the table rows so the cells can be reordered.\n     * This allows every DO cell to appear before every AVOID cell.\n     *\/\n    #microscope-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tbody {\n        display: flex;\n        flex-direction: column;\n        width: 100%;\n    }\n\n    #microscope-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tr {\n        display: contents;\n    }\n\n    #microscope-do-avoid .do-avoid-table td {\n        display: block;\n        width: 100% !important;\n        box-sizing: border-box;\n        padding: 12px 16px !important;\n        font-size: 16px !important;\n        line-height: 1.45;\n    }\n\n    \/* All DO cells first *\/\n    #microscope-do-avoid .do-avoid-table .do-cell {\n        order: 1;\n        border-right: none !important;\n    }\n\n    \/* All AVOID cells second *\/\n    #microscope-do-avoid .do-avoid-table .avoid-cell {\n        order: 2;\n    }\n\n    \/* Mobile DO header *\/\n    #microscope-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tr:first-child .do-cell::before {\n        content: \"MICROSCOPE IMAGES \u2013 DO\";\n        display: block;\n        margin: -12px -16px 12px -16px;\n        padding: 9px 16px;\n        background-color: #00b050;\n        color: #ffffff;\n        font-size: 20px;\n        font-weight: bold;\n        text-align: center;\n        border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n    }\n\n    \/* Thick divider before AVOID section *\/\n    #microscope-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tr:first-child .avoid-cell {\n        border-top: 3pt solid #000000;\n    }\n\n    \/* Mobile AVOID header *\/\n    #microscope-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tr:first-child .avoid-cell::before {\n        content: \"MICROSCOPE IMAGES \u2013 AVOID\";\n        display: block;\n        margin: -12px -16px 12px -16px;\n        padding: 9px 16px;\n        background-color: #ee0000;\n        color: #ffffff;\n        font-size: 20px;\n        font-weight: bold;\n        text-align: center;\n        border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n    }\n}\n<\/style>\n\n\n<div id=\"microscope-do-avoid\">\n\n<table class=\"do-avoid-table\" style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #000000;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n\n    <!-- =====================================================\n         HEADER\n         ===================================================== -->\n    <thead>\n        <tr>\n            <th style=\"\n                width: 50%;\n                background-color: #00b050;\n                color: #ffffff;\n                font-size: 22px;\n                font-weight: bold;\n                text-align: center;\n                padding: 12px 16px;\n                border-right: 3pt solid #000000;\n                border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                MICROSCOPE IMAGES \u2013 DO\n            <\/th>\n\n            <th style=\"\n                width: 50%;\n                background-color: #ee0000;\n                color: #ffffff;\n                font-size: 22px;\n                font-weight: bold;\n                text-align: center;\n                padding: 12px 16px;\n                border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                MICROSCOPE IMAGES \u2013 AVOID\n            <\/th>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/thead>\n\n\n    <!-- =====================================================\n         CONTENT\n         ===================================================== -->\n    <tbody>\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 1 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td class=\"do-cell\" style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 1 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use a calibrated scale.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td class=\"avoid-cell\" style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 1 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Using a scale from a different magnification.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 2 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td class=\"do-cell\" style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 2 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Maintain consistent magnification.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td class=\"avoid-cell\" style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 2 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Selecting only the easiest areas to analyze.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 3 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td class=\"do-cell\" style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 3 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Keep the imaging plane in focus.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td class=\"avoid-cell\" style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 3 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Using images where neighbouring particles cannot be distinguished.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 4 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td class=\"do-cell\" style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 4 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Capture multiple representative fields of view.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td class=\"avoid-cell\" rowspan=\"2\" style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                vertical-align:middle;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 4 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Changing microscope or capture settings during a comparative study without documenting the change.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 5 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td class=\"do-cell\" style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 5 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Record the magnification or scale used.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:html --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#top\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#top\">Top of Page<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-getting-good-wipfrag-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-getting-good-wipfrag-results\">Getting Good WipFrag Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-terrestrial-images-piles-stockpiles-and-bulk-material\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-terrestrial-images-piles-stockpiles-and-bulk-material\">Terrestrial Images<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-uav-drone-images-large-area-capture\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-uav-drone-images-large-area-capture\">UAV \/ Drone Images<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-underground-image-capture\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-underground-image-capture\">Underground Images<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-lab-samples-trays-and-microscopy\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-lab-samples-trays-and-microscopy\">Lab Samples, Trays, and Microscopy<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-6-before-you-leave-the-sample\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-6-before-you-leave-the-sample\">Before You Leave the Sample<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-7-additional-information\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-7-additional-information\">Additional Information<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-5-before-you-leave-the-sample\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-5-before-you-leave-the-sample\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Before You Leave the Sample<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-wipfrag-capture-checklist\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-wipfrag-capture-checklist\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">WipFrag Capture Checklist<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Before moving on, confirm:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Representative<\/strong> \u2014 Did I capture the material according to the sampling plan rather than choosing only what looked interesting?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Enough coverage<\/strong> \u2014 Have I captured enough images to represent the sample area?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Sharp<\/strong> \u2014 Can I clearly distinguish the particles of interest?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Properly framed<\/strong> \u2014 Is the image mostly filled with the material being measured?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Good lighting<\/strong> \u2014 Are particle boundaries visible without excessive shadow, glare, or overexposure?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Correct scale<\/strong> \u2014 Am I using Auto Scale, Single Scale, Dual Scale or the UAV workflow appropriately?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Full size range<\/strong> \u2014 Can I see the particle sizes that matter, or do I need additional closer or wider images?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Organized<\/strong> \u2014 Do I know which images belong to this sample, pile, blast, flight, or project?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                MORE INFORMATION\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                For step-by-step instructions on scaling methods, UAV orthomosaic creation, merging analyses, edge detection and other WipFrag software functions, refer to the latest <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=6685\"><b>WipFrag User Manual<\/b><\/a>, the <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipfrag-faq\"><b>WipFrag FAQ<\/b><\/a> or visit our <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/product-tutorial-videos\/\"><b>Videos<\/b><\/a> library for tutorials. <br>Once your analysis is complete, use the <b><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipfrag-results-interpretation-guide\/\">Results Interpretation Guide<\/a><\/b> to understand the PSD curve, D-values, statistics, histogram, specification envelope, shape measurements and other WipFrag results.\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#top\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#top\">Top of Page<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-getting-good-wipfrag-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-getting-good-wipfrag-results\">Getting Good WipFrag Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-terrestrial-images-piles-stockpiles-and-bulk-material\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-terrestrial-images-piles-stockpiles-and-bulk-material\">Terrestrial Images<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-uav-drone-images-large-area-capture\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-uav-drone-images-large-area-capture\">UAV \/ Drone Images<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-underground-image-capture\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-underground-image-capture\">Underground Images<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-lab-samples-trays-and-microscopy\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-lab-samples-trays-and-microscopy\">Lab Samples, Trays, and Microscopy<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-6-before-you-leave-the-sample\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-6-before-you-leave-the-sample\">Before You Leave the Sample<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-7-additional-information\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-7-additional-information\">Additional Information<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-additional-information\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-additional-information\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Additional Information<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-accounts-subscriptions-and-credits\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-accounts-subscriptions-and-credits\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Accounts, Subscriptions and Credits<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Visit <a href=\"https:\/\/wipwareaccount.com\/register.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">wipwareaccount.com\/register<\/a> to make a free WipWare Account. Your WipWare Account contains your WipFrag subscription and\/or image credits, plus your cloud-synchronized analysis files.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>If you already have an account, you can log in at <a href=\"https:\/\/wipwareaccount.com\/login.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">wipwareaccount.com\/login<\/a>. There you can change your account details, manage the devices connected to your WipWare account and explore other options. Ensure you log in to your WipWare Account inside WipFrag to access your paid features, use your cloud storage and synchronize your analysis files.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Contact your regional WipWare representative to purchase or renew your subscription, or to add more credits to your account. You may also purchase or renew online with PayPal or a credit card by visiting <a href=\"https:\/\/wipwareaccount.com\/store.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">wipwareaccount.com\/store<\/a>. There is no auto-renewal available for WipFrag subscriptions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                SOFTWARE UPDATES\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                <b>Ensure you keep WipFrag up to date!<\/b> Regular updates are provided for WipFrag via Internet.\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-field-equipment-examples\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-field-equipment-examples\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Field Equipment Examples<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>Note: Mobile devices must have an internal GPS, accelerometer, gyroscope, and magnetometer for full functionality.<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:table {\"className\":\"is-style-stripes\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Smartphones<\/th><th><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.apple.com\/store\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.apple.com\/store\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\"><strong>Apple iPhone 12<\/strong><br><\/a><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/store.google.com\/category\/phones\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/store.google.com\/category\/phones\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Google Pixel 6a<\/a><\/strong><br><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.samsung.com\/smartphones\/all-smartphones\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.samsung.com\/smartphones\/all-smartphones\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Samsung Galaxy S21 5G<\/a><\/strong> <em>-or-<\/em> <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.samsung.com\/smartphones\/all-smartphones\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.samsung.com\/smartphones\/all-smartphones\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">A53 5G<\/a><\/strong><\/td><td>Economical smartphones that meet basic requirements<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.apple.com\/store\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.apple.com\/store\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Apple iPhone 15 Pro Max<\/a><\/strong><br><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.samsung.com\/smartphones\/all-smartphones\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.samsung.com\/smartphones\/all-smartphones\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Samsung Galaxy S26 Ultra<\/a><\/strong><\/td><td>Premium smartphones with larger screens and better cameras, sensors, and processors<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:table -->\n\n<!-- wp:table {\"className\":\"is-style-stripes\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Tablets<\/th><th><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.apple.com\/store\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.apple.com\/store\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\"><strong>Apple iPad Pro (5<sup>th<\/sup> Gen) &nbsp;[Cellular]<\/strong><br><\/a><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.samsung.com\/tablets\/all-tablets\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.samsung.com\/smartphones\/all-smartphones\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Samsung Galaxy Tab A11<\/a><\/strong><em> -or- <\/em><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.samsung.com\/tablets\/all-tablets\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.samsung.com\/smartphones\/all-smartphones\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">S10 Lite<\/a><\/strong><\/td><td>Economical tablets that meet basic requirements<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.apple.com\/store\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.apple.com\/store\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\"><strong><strong>Apple iPad Pro M4 &nbsp;[Cellular]<\/strong><\/strong><br><\/a><strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.samsung.com\/tablets\/all-tablets\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.samsung.com\/tablets\/all-tablets\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Samsung Galaxy Tab S10 Ultra<\/a><\/strong><\/strong> <em>-or-<\/em> <strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.samsung.com\/tablets\/all-tablets\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.samsung.com\/tablets\/all-tablets\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">S9 FE<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/td><td>Premium tablets with larger screens and better cameras, sensors, and processors<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:table -->\n\n<!-- wp:table {\"className\":\"is-style-stripes\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Digital Cameras<\/th><th><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/explore.omsystem.com\/cameras\/tough\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/explore.omsystem.com\/cameras\/tough\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">OM System Tough TG-7<\/a><\/strong><\/td><td>Rugged economy field camera; waterproof, dustproof, shockproof, has GPS<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/explore.omsystem.com\/accessories\/tough-accessories\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/explore.omsystem.com\/accessories\/tough-accessories\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">OM System TCON-T01<\/a><\/strong><\/td><td>TG-7 accessory; optional teleconverter accessory for longer optical reach<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sony.ca\/imaging\/compact-cameras\/all-compact-cameras\/p\/dscrx10m4-b\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.sony.ca\/imaging\/compact-cameras\/all-compact-cameras\/p\/dscrx10m4-b\">Sony RX10 IV<\/a><\/strong><\/td><td>Long-range superzoom camera; professional, non-ruggedized<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:table -->\n\n<!-- wp:table {\"className\":\"is-style-stripes\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Drones \/ UAVs<\/th><th><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dji.com\/mini-5-pro\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.dji.com\/mini-5-pro\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">DJI Mini 5 Pro<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/td><td>Manual flight drone; economy, sub-250g class<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/enterprise.dji.com\/mavic-3-enterprise\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/enterprise.dji.com\/mavic-3-enterprise\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">DJI Mavic 3 Enterprise<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/td><td>Recommended drone; premium, turnkey, compatible with automatic flight<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.skydio.com\/x10\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.skydio.com\/x10\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Skydio X10<\/a> <\/strong><\/strong><em>-or-<\/em><strong><strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.skydio.com\/x10d\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.skydio.com\/x10d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">X10D<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/td><td>Restricted \/ compliance drone; for NDAA \/ Blue UAS \/ Green UAS \/ etc.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:table -->\n\n<!-- wp:table {\"className\":\"is-style-stripes\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Laser Distance Measuring Devices \/ EDMs<\/th><th><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong><strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.boschtools.com\/us\/en\/products\/glm165-22-0601072S12\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.boschtools.com\/us\/en\/products\/glm165-22-0601072S12\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Bosch BLAZE GLM165-22<\/a>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong>-<em>or-<\/em><strong><strong><strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.boschtools.com\/us\/en\/products\/glm165-27c-0601072T11\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.boschtools.com\/us\/en\/products\/glm165-27c-0601072T11\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">27C<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/td><td>Economy; construction-grade<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong><strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/shop.leica-geosystems.com\/measurement-tools\/disto\/leica-disto-x1\/buy\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/shop.leica-geosystems.com\/measurement-tools\/disto\/leica-disto-x1\/buy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Leica DISTO X1<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/td><td>Recommended; longer range, higher confidence<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:table -->\n\n<!-- wp:table {\"className\":\"is-style-stripes\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Underground Lights<\/th><th><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong><strong><strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulanzi.com\/collections\/continuous-lighting\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.ulanzi.com\/collections\/continuous-lighting\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">ULANZI VL200<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/td><td>LED light panel; portable, lightweight, USB-charged or powered battery<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:table -->\n\n<!-- wp:table {\"className\":\"is-style-stripes\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Tripods \/ Light Stands<\/th><th><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong><strong><strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulanzi.com\/products\/quick-release-light-stand-with-cold-shoe-mount\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.ulanzi.com\/products\/quick-release-light-stand-with-cold-shoe-mount\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">ULANZI MT-89<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/td><td>Telescopic tripod; portable, lightweight, semi-rugged, universal mount<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:table -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                ABOUT FIELD EQUIPMENT EXAMPLES\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                These examples are based on devices that consistently provide the best user experience. WipWare does NOT explicitly endorse these products.\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\",\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"center\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#top\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#top\">Top of Page<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-getting-good-wipfrag-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-getting-good-wipfrag-results\">Getting Good WipFrag Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-terrestrial-images-piles-stockpiles-and-bulk-material\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-terrestrial-images-piles-stockpiles-and-bulk-material\">Terrestrial Images<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-uav-drone-images-large-area-capture\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-uav-drone-images-large-area-capture\">UAV \/ Drone Images<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-underground-image-capture\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-underground-image-capture\">Underground Images<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-lab-samples-trays-and-microscopy\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-lab-samples-trays-and-microscopy\">Lab Samples, Trays, and Microscopy<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-6-before-you-leave-the-sample\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-6-before-you-leave-the-sample\">Before You Leave the Sample<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-7-additional-information\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-7-additional-information\">Additional Information<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:buttons {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons\"><!-- wp:button -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=10814\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">PDF \u2b73<\/a><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:button --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:buttons --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator {\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-thick\",\"anchor\":\"h-related-articles\"} -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator aligncenter has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-thick\" id=\"h-related-articles\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->","post_title":"Image Capture and Sampling Guide","post_excerpt":"A practical guide on collecting representative images for WipFrag analysis","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"wipfrag-image-capture-and-sampling-guide","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/wipware.com\/news\/wipjoint-now-available-for-wipfrag-4-users\/","post_modified":"2026-10-16 14:09:29","post_modified_gmt":"2026-10-16 18:09:29","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=10311","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"7","filter":"raw"},{"ID":7842,"post_author":"20","post_date":"2026-09-30 17:15:42","post_date_gmt":"2026-09-30 21:15:42","post_content":"<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"width\":\"100%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\" style=\"flex-basis:100%\"><!-- wp:post-excerpt {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fill\",\"flexSize\":null},\"typography\":{\"fontStyle\":\"italic\",\"fontWeight\":\"700\"}}} \/-->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"20px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Current pricing is <a href=\"https:\/\/wipwareaccount.com\/store.php\">available on our webstore<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:table {\"hasFixedLayout\":false} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-right\" data-align=\"right\"><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>Annual Subscription<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>WipWare Analysis Credits<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>MailFrag<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-right\" data-align=\"right\"><em>Best for<\/em><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Regular or day-to-day WipFrag use<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Occasional or project-based analysis<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Having WipWare complete the analysis<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-right\" data-align=\"right\"><em>Standard image analysis<\/em><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Unlimited<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1 credit per image<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">3 credits per image<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-right\" data-align=\"right\"><em>UAV\/orthomosaic analysis<\/em><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Unlimited<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Minimum 3 credits, based on area<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Minimum 9 credits, based on area<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-right\" data-align=\"right\"><em>Offline analysis<\/em><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Yes<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Internet required when applying the credit<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Internet required for submission<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-right\" data-align=\"right\"><em>Duration<\/em><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1 year<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Credits do NOT expire<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u2014<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:table -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><em>For more information about WipFrag, you can also visit our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@Wipware\"><strong>YouTube<\/strong><\/a> channel. Tutorial videos are available on a variety of WipFrag topics.<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"20px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"center\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:buttons {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons has-custom-font-size has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:button -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"#h-subscriptions\">Subscriptions<\/a><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:button -->\n\n<!-- wp:button -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"#h-wipware-analysis-credits\">Analysis Credits<\/a><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:button -->\n\n<!-- wp:button -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"#h-uav-drone-and-orthomosaic-analysis\">Drone Orthomosaics<\/a><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:button -->\n\n<!-- wp:button -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"#h-mailfrag-professional-analysis\">MailFrag<\/a><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:button -->\n\n<!-- wp:button -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"#h-getting-started-and-accounts\">Getting Started and Accounts<\/a><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:button -->\n\n<!-- wp:button -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"#h-using-wipfrag\">Using WipFrag<\/a><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:button -->\n\n<!-- wp:button -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"#h-analysis-and-editing\">Analysis and Editing<\/a><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:button -->\n\n<!-- wp:button -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"#h-understanding-wipfrag-results\">Understanding WipFrag Results<\/a><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:button -->\n\n<!-- wp:button -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"#h-blastcast\">BlastCast<\/a><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:button -->\n\n<!-- wp:button -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"#h-wipjoint\">WipJoint<\/a><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:button -->\n\n<!-- wp:button -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"#h-troubleshooting\">Troubleshooting<\/a><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:button -->\n\n<!-- wp:button -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"#h-support-and-training\">Support and Training<\/a><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:button --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:buttons --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"20px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":5,\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textTransform\":\"uppercase\"},\"elements\":{\"link\":{\"color\":{\"text\":\"#1d70b7\"}}},\"color\":{\"text\":\"#1d70b7\"},\"css\":\"line-height: 0;\"},\"anchor\":\"h-subscriptions\"} -->\n<h5 id=\"h-subscriptions\" class=\"wp-block-heading has-custom-css has-text-color has-link-color\" style=\"color:#1d70b7;text-transform:uppercase\">Subscriptions<\/h5>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>How much does a WipFrag subscription cost?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The current pricing for a WipFrag Annual Subscription is <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipwareaccount.com\/store.php\">available on our webstore<\/a><\/strong> and provides unlimited WipFrag analyses during the subscription period.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For a formal quotation or purchase order, <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/contact\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\"><strong>contact WipWare<\/strong><\/a> or <strong>your regional WipWare representative<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>Is a WipFrag subscription perpetual?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>No.<\/strong> A WipFrag subscription is an <strong>annual license valid for one year<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>When the subscription expires, it can be renewed for another year or you can continue using WipFrag on a pay-per-use basis with WipWare Analysis Credits.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Analyses that have already been unlocked remain available after the subscription expires.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>Does a WipFrag subscription renew automatically?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>No<\/strong>. WipFrag subscriptions do NOT automatically renew.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>When your subscription period ends, a new subscription can be purchased if you want to continue unlimited analysis.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>What is included with a WipFrag subscription?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A WipFrag Annual Subscription provides <strong>unlimited WipFrag analyses for one year<\/strong>, including standard image analysis and UAV\/orthomosaic analysis.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>MailFrag professional analysis is NOT included with the subscription and uses WipWare Analysis Credits separately.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>What is the best license option for day-to-day WipFrag use?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For regular or day-to-day analysis, the <strong>Annual Subscription<\/strong> is generally the best option because it provides unlimited analyses throughout the subscription year.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For occasional analyses or individual projects, WipWare Analysis Credits provide a pay-per-use alternative.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>Is a WipFrag subscription tied to one device?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>No<\/strong>. The subscription is linked to your <strong>WipWare Account<\/strong>, NOT to one specific device.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A subscription can be used on up to <strong>10 devices simultaneously<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>Does WipFrag support offline analysis?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Yes<\/strong>. An active Annual Subscription supports offline analysis.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Internet access is still required for functions such as signing into your WipWare Account, cloud synchronization, and other online services.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>What happens to my analyses if my subscription expires?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Once an analysis has been unlocked, it does NOT require another subscription or credit to reopen and review it.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>An active subscription or WipWare Analysis Credits are required to unlock new analyses.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>How do I request a WipFrag quotation?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/contact\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\"><strong>Contact WipWare<\/strong><\/a> or <strong>your regional WipWare representative<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Include your company information, WipWare Account username if available, and whether you are interested in an Annual Subscription, WipWare Analysis Credits, or another WipWare solution.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>Is a WipFrag subscription required to operate a <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/solo\/\">Solo<\/a> \/ <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/reflex\/\">Reflex<\/a> system?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>No<\/strong>. WipFrag also functions as the interface for <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/solo\/\">Solo<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/reflex\/\">Reflex<\/a> systems, and the required system functionality is included with the system.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A separate WipFrag subscription or WipWare Analysis Credits are only required when using WipFrag for standalone image analysis outside the connected system.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":5,\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textTransform\":\"uppercase\"},\"elements\":{\"link\":{\"color\":{\"text\":\"#1d70b7\"}}},\"color\":{\"text\":\"#1d70b7\"},\"css\":\"line-height: 0;\"},\"anchor\":\"h-wipware-analysis-credits\"} -->\n<h5 id=\"h-wipware-analysis-credits\" class=\"wp-block-heading has-custom-css has-text-color has-link-color\" style=\"color:#1d70b7;text-transform:uppercase\">WipWare Analysis Credits<\/h5>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>What are WipWare Analysis Credits?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipWare Analysis Credits provide a <strong>pay-per-use alternative<\/strong> to an Annual Subscription.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>They are intended for customers who perform occasional analyses, have individual projects, or do NOT need unlimited day-to-day WipFrag use.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Credits can also be used for MailFrag professional analysis.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>How much do WipWare Analysis Credits cost?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The current pricing for WipWare Analysis Credits is <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipwareaccount.com\/store.php\">available on our webstore<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>How many credits does a standard WipFrag image use?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A standard WipFrag image analysis requires <strong>1 credit per image<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>You can open and prepare the image before spending the credit. The credit is required when the analysis is unlocked and the results are generated.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>What is the lowest-cost way to start analyzing my own images?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipWare Analysis Credits are the lowest-entry paid option, allowing you to pay for individual analyses without purchasing an Annual Subscription.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>Do WipWare Analysis Credits expire?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>No<\/strong>. Purchased credits do NOT expire.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>Can WipWare Analysis Credits be transferred?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Yes<\/strong>. Credits can be transferred between WipWare Account users.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>Do WipWare Analysis Credits work offline?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>No<\/strong>. An internet connection is required when applying a credit to unlock an analysis.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>However, once the analysis has been unlocked, you can reopen and review it without spending another credit.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>How do I purchase WipWare Analysis Credits?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Credits can be purchased through WipFrag from the <strong>About\/Profile<\/strong> area by selecting the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipwareaccount.com\/store.php\">store<\/a><\/strong> option.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>On supported mobile devices, credits can be purchased in-app. On Windows, WipFrag directs you to the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipwareaccount.com\/store.php\">WipWare Account Store<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Credits can also be purchased by purchase order. <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/contact\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\"><strong>Contact WipWare<\/strong><\/a> or <strong>your regional WipWare representative<\/strong> and provide the WipWare Account username that should receive the credits.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":5,\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textTransform\":\"uppercase\"},\"elements\":{\"link\":{\"color\":{\"text\":\"#1d70b7\"}}},\"color\":{\"text\":\"#1d70b7\"},\"css\":\"line-height: 0;\"},\"anchor\":\"h-uav-drone-and-orthomosaic-analysis\"} -->\n<h5 id=\"h-uav-drone-and-orthomosaic-analysis\" class=\"wp-block-heading has-custom-css has-text-color has-link-color\" style=\"color:#1d70b7;text-transform:uppercase\">UAV \/ Drone and Orthomosaic Analysis<\/h5>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>Can WipFrag analyze UAV or drone images?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Yes<\/strong>. WipFrag supports UAV imagery and orthomosaic analysis for large areas such as blasts, muckpiles, stockpiles, and other suitable applications.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipFrag can also create an orthomosaic from overlapping UAV source images.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>Is UAV and orthomosaic analysis included with an Annual Subscription?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Yes<\/strong>. UAV and orthomosaic analyses are included with the unlimited analyses available under an active Annual Subscription.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>How many WipWare Analysis Credits does a UAV or orthomosaic analysis use?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A UAV\/orthomosaic analysis requires a <strong>minimum of 3 credits<\/strong> when using WipWare Analysis Credits.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Credit consumption is based on the area being analyzed rather than charging one credit for every source photograph used to build the orthomosaic. Larger analysis areas may require additional credits.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>Do all of the source photographs used to create an orthomosaic consume a credit?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>No<\/strong>. Credits are applied to the resulting UAV\/orthomosaic analysis based on its area. You are NOT charged one credit for every individual source photograph used to construct the orthomosaic.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>Do I need a physical scale object for UAV analysis?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Normally, no. The UAV orthomosaic workflow uses scale information from the aerial imagery rather than requiring a physical scale object to be placed on the material.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For recommended flight planning and image capture practices, refer to the <strong><a href=\"\/kb\/wipfrag-image-capture-and-sampling-guide\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"\/kb\/wipfrag-image-capture-and-sampling-guide\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">WipFrag Image Capture and Sampling Guide<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>Can WipFrag analyze a very large blast or material area?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Yes<\/strong>. Two common approaches can be used.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>UAV \/ orthomosaic analysis<\/strong> provides coverage of a large area using overlapping aerial images.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Multiple ground-based images<\/strong> can also be captured across the material and combined in WipFrag to create a representative result.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The appropriate approach depends on the size of the area, site access, image resolution, and the particle sizes you need to measure.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":5,\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textTransform\":\"uppercase\"},\"elements\":{\"link\":{\"color\":{\"text\":\"#1d70b7\"}}},\"color\":{\"text\":\"#1d70b7\"},\"css\":\"line-height: 0;\"},\"anchor\":\"h-mailfrag-professional-analysis\"} -->\n<h5 id=\"h-mailfrag-professional-analysis\" class=\"wp-block-heading has-custom-css has-text-color has-link-color\" style=\"color:#1d70b7;text-transform:uppercase\">MailFrag Professional Analysis<\/h5>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>What is MailFrag?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>MailFrag is WipWare's professional analysis service.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>You prepare and submit the image through WipFrag, and the WipWare analysis team completes the particle delineation, review, editing, and analysis for you. The completed result is returned through WipFrag.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>What types of applications can I use MailFrag for?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>MailFrag is commonly used for applications such as:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>blast fragmentation;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>muckpile and stockpile analysis;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>particle size distribution (PSD) measurement; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>suitable UAV\/orthomosaic analysis.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>If you are unsure whether your application or imagery is suitable, <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/contact\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\"><strong>contact WipWare<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>Do I need to create the particle net before submitting to MailFrag?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>No<\/strong>. Prepare the image and set the appropriate scale. The WipWare team will complete the particle delineation, editing, and analysis.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>How do I submit an image to MailFrag?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Open the image in WipFrag and set the appropriate scale.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>When you are ready to submit it, select <strong>MailFrag<\/strong> as the analysis method. The analysis will synchronize with WipWare and remain locked while it is being processed.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Multiple prepared analyses can also be selected and submitted together.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>How long does MailFrag take?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Allow up to <strong>two business days<\/strong> for a MailFrag analysis.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Analyses are often completed sooner. You will be notified when the completed result is available.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>How much does MailFrag cost?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A standard MailFrag image requires <strong>3 WipWare Analysis Credits<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A UAV\/orthomosaic MailFrag analysis requires a <strong>minimum of 9 credits<\/strong>, with the final requirement based on the area being analyzed.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>Is MailFrag included with an Annual Subscription?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>No<\/strong>. MailFrag is a professional analysis service and uses WipWare Analysis Credits separately, even when you have an active Annual Subscription.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>Can I edit a completed MailFrag analysis?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Yes<\/strong>. Completed MailFrag analyses are returned <strong>locked by default<\/strong> to protect the particle net prepared by WipWare.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Unlock the completed analysis before making changes to the scale, particle net, or other editable analysis information.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":5,\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textTransform\":\"uppercase\"},\"elements\":{\"link\":{\"color\":{\"text\":\"#1d70b7\"}}},\"color\":{\"text\":\"#1d70b7\"},\"css\":\"line-height: 0;\"},\"anchor\":\"h-getting-started-and-accounts\"} -->\n<h5 id=\"h-getting-started-and-accounts\" class=\"wp-block-heading has-custom-css has-text-color has-link-color\" style=\"color:#1d70b7;text-transform:uppercase\">Getting Started and Accounts<\/h5>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>How can I try WipFrag?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/get-wipfrag\/\">Download WipFrag<\/a><\/strong> and create a free <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipwareaccount.com\/register.php\">WipWare Account<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Demo material is available so you can explore the WipFrag analysis workflow before purchasing a subscription or credits.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>If you want to test WipFrag with your own material images, <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/contact\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\"><strong>contact WipWare<\/strong><\/a> to ask about demonstration credits.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>What devices can I use WipFrag on?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipFrag is available for <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/get-wipfrag\/\">Windows<\/a>, iOS,<\/strong> and <strong>Android.<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Your subscription and WipWare Analysis Credits are associated with your WipWare Account rather than one individual device.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>Do I need a WipWare Account?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Yes<\/strong>. A free WipWare Account is required to sign into WipFrag.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Your account manages your subscription, credits, connected devices, and cloud-synchronized analyses.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>However, you do NOT need a WipWare Account to use the WipFrag interface for WipWare analysis systems such as <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/solo\/\" data-type=\"products\" data-id=\"34\">Solo<\/a><\/strong> and <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/reflex\/\" data-type=\"products\" data-id=\"35\">Reflex<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>Can I use WipFrag without purchasing a subscription?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Yes<\/strong>. You can download WipFrag, create a free account, explore the demo material, and prepare your own analyses without purchasing an Annual Subscription.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A WipWare Analysis Credit or active subscription is required when you are ready to unlock results from your own analysis.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>How do I purchase a subscription or credits?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Subscriptions and WipWare Analysis Credits can be purchased through the available purchasing options associated with your WipWare Account.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Purchase orders are also accepted. <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/contact\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\"><strong>Contact WipWare<\/strong><\/a> or <strong>your regional WipWare representative<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":5,\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textTransform\":\"uppercase\"},\"elements\":{\"link\":{\"color\":{\"text\":\"#1d70b7\"}}},\"color\":{\"text\":\"#1d70b7\"},\"css\":\"line-height: 0;\"},\"anchor\":\"h-using-wipfrag\"} -->\n<h5 id=\"h-using-wipfrag\" class=\"wp-block-heading has-custom-css has-text-color has-link-color\" style=\"color:#1d70b7;text-transform:uppercase\">Using WipFrag<\/h5>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>How should I capture images for WipFrag?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Capture images that are <strong>clear, properly scaled, and representative of the material being measured<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Keep particle boundaries visible, fill the image with the material, avoid blur and difficult lighting, and use the appropriate scaling method for the image.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For detailed guidance for field images, UAVs, underground environments, lab samples, and microscopy, refer to the <strong><a href=\"\/kb\/wipfrag-image-capture-and-sampling-guide\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"\/kb\/wipfrag-image-capture-and-sampling-guide\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">WipFrag Image Capture and Sampling Guide<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>When is the best time to photograph outdoor material?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>There is no single required time of day, although it is often possible to achieve good lighting conditions between 10 AM and 2 PM local time in non-polar regions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Aim for <strong>even lighting that keeps particle boundaries visible<\/strong>. Avoid heavy shadows, strong glare, and overexposure.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Overcast conditions can work particularly well because they often provide softer, more even lighting.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>Can I combine multiple WipFrag analyses?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Yes<\/strong>. Multiple representative analyses can be merged to produce a combined result. This is useful when several images together represent one pile, blast, sample, or material population.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>Can I compare multiple WipFrag results?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Yes.<\/strong> WipFrag can display particle size distributions from multiple analyses together for comparison.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This can be useful for comparing different blasts, stockpiles, process stages, tests, or operating conditions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Comparing fragmentation measurements across different stages can also help operations understand how material characteristics change throughout mining and processing. Learn more in <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/evaluating-rock-comminution-from-pre-blast-to-post-blast-and-through-mineral-processing\/\"><strong>From Blast to Mill: Using Fragmentation Data to Improve Mining Performance<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>Can WipFrag analyze materials other than blasted rock?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Yes<\/strong>. WipFrag can analyze suitable images of visible particles in field, laboratory, UAV, and other imaging applications.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The key requirement is that the particles of interest must be large enough and clearly visible enough to be distinguished in the image.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details\"><summary><strong>Has WipFrag been used in published research and industrial case studies?<\/strong><\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph {\"placeholder\":\"Type \/ to add a hidden block\"} -->\n<p><strong>Yes.<\/strong> WipFrag has been used in mining, quarrying, and fragmentation research for decades. Published studies have examined applications including blast-design optimization, fragmentation consistency, crusher performance, and relationships between particle size and downstream processing.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"placeholder\":\"Type \/ to add a hidden block\"} -->\n<p>Explore <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/literature-review-application-of-wipware-technology\/\"><strong>WipFrag Case Studies: Research and Real-World Applications<\/strong><\/a> for a review of early research, including studies at INCO Coleman Mine, Highland Valley Copper, and Lafarge Exshaw.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary><strong>Can I export WipFrag results?<\/strong><\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Yes.<\/strong> WipFrag can export results in formats including <strong>PDF, PNG, and CSV<\/strong>. Individual analyses can also be exported as WipFrag analysis files (.<strong>ANA<\/strong>) for archiving or sharing. This is especially useful when you want to preserve a local copy of an analysis or share the complete analysis with another WipFrag user.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":5,\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textTransform\":\"uppercase\"},\"elements\":{\"link\":{\"color\":{\"text\":\"#1d70b7\"}}},\"color\":{\"text\":\"#1d70b7\"},\"css\":\"line-height: 0;\"},\"anchor\":\"h-analysis-and-editing\"} -->\n<h5 id=\"h-analysis-and-editing\" class=\"wp-block-heading has-custom-css has-text-color has-link-color\" style=\"color:#1d70b7;text-transform:uppercase\">Analysis and Editing<\/h5>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>What are fusion and disintegration errors?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A <strong>fusion error<\/strong> occurs when two or more separate particles are incorrectly identified as one particle.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A <strong>disintegration error<\/strong> occurs when one particle is incorrectly divided into two or more particles.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These are the main particle-delineation errors to look for when reviewing a WipFrag particle net.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>What edge detection parameters (EDP) should I use in WipFrag?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For most analyses, start with WipFrag's Deep Learning edge detection rather than manually selecting parameters based solely on whether the material is fine or coarse.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Review the resulting particle net to confirm that visible particles have been identified appropriately. Pay particular attention to fusion errors, where multiple particles are identified as one, and disintegration errors, where a single particle is incorrectly divided.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>If the analysis consistently produces poor particle boundaries, first review the image quality, lighting, scale, and visibility of the material. Alternative edge-detection settings may be useful for certain images, but adjustments should be evaluated against the resulting particle net rather than applied according to fixed slider positions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>When comparing multiple images of similar material, aim for consistent capture and analysis methods. However, maintaining identical settings does not guarantee accurate results if image conditions differ.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For detailed instructions on available algorithms, advanced settings, and editing controls, refer to the latest <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=6685\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=6685\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">WipFrag User Manual<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>How should I edit a WipFrag particle net?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Start with WipFrag's <strong>Deep Learning<\/strong> edge detection and review the resulting particle net.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Correct significant fusion and disintegration errors rather than trying to redraw every particle manually.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipFrag includes editing tools for adding missing boundaries, removing incorrect boundaries, and correcting problem areas.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For current tool locations and detailed editing controls, refer to the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=6685\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=6685\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">WipFrag User Manual<\/a><\/strong> or <strong>WipFrag tutorial resources<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>Do I need to manually edit every particle?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>No<\/strong>. Manual editing is intended to correct meaningful delineation errors, NOT to redraw the entire image.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>If an image consistently requires extensive correction, review the image quality, lighting, perspective, scaling, and edge-detection settings before spending significant time editing.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>Why can't WipFrag measure some of the smallest particles in my image?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipFrag can only measure particles that are visibly resolved in the source image.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>If particles are too small to distinguish clearly at the image resolution or viewing distance, they cannot be reliably delineated from that image.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For broad particle size distributions, additional closer images or another sampling approach may be required. Refer to the <strong><a href=\"\/kb\/wipfrag-image-capture-and-sampling-guide\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"\/kb\/wipfrag-image-capture-and-sampling-guide\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">WipFrag Image Capture and Sampling Guide<\/a><\/strong> for more information.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>You can also use WipFrag's built-in calibration system to generate Swebrec, Rosin-Rammler, or xP-Fan corrected distribution curves based on real sieve data or general fines targets. Read the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=6685\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=6685\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">WipFrag User Manual<\/a><\/strong> for more information on this process.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":5,\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textTransform\":\"uppercase\"},\"elements\":{\"link\":{\"color\":{\"text\":\"#1d70b7\"}}},\"color\":{\"text\":\"#1d70b7\"},\"css\":\"line-height: 0;\"},\"anchor\":\"h-understanding-wipfrag-results\"} -->\n<h5 id=\"h-understanding-wipfrag-results\" class=\"wp-block-heading has-custom-css has-text-color has-link-color\" style=\"color:#1d70b7;text-transform:uppercase\">Understanding WipFrag Results<\/h5>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>Where can I learn how to interpret my WipFrag results?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipfrag-results-interpretation-guide\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"10998\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Results Interpretation Guide<\/a><\/strong> explains how to read the particle size distribution, D-values, statistics, histogram and size classes, specification envelope, particle shape and colour results, comparisons, calibration and other standard WipFrag outputs.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>What does the WipFrag particle size distribution curve show?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The particle size distribution (PSD) curve shows <strong>cumulative percentage passing<\/strong> \u2014 the percentage of analyzed material smaller than a selected particle size.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, 80% passing 50 mm means approximately 80% of the analyzed material is smaller than 50 mm and 20% is larger.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>What does D<em>XX<\/em> mean in a WipFrag result?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>D<em>XX<\/em> values are percentile particle sizes. The number after D represents the percentage of analyzed material smaller than that size.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, D50 is the 50% passing size and D80 is the 80% passing size.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>D80 is closely related to P80, a commonly used measurement in crushing and mineral processing. Both describe an 80% passing size, although the measurement methods and reporting conventions can differ.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For more information, see <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/understanding-p80-in-crushing-and-material-processing\/\"><strong>Understanding P80 in Crushing and Material Processing<\/strong><\/a>. For guidance on choosing and interpreting D-values and other WipFrag results, refer to the <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipfrag-results-interpretation-guide\/\"><strong>WipFrag Results Interpretation Guide<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>What do <em>Xc<\/em> and <em>n<\/em> mean?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong><em>Xc<\/em><\/strong> is the Rosin-Rammler characteristic size and is equivalent to D63.2.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong><em>n<\/em><\/strong> is the Rosin-Rammler uniformity coefficient. Higher values indicate a narrower, more uniform particle size distribution, while lower values indicate a broader distribution.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>What does the WipFrag histogram show?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The histogram divides the analyzed material into individual <strong>size classes<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For a selected size class, WipFrag can provide information including particle count, cumulative percentage passing, cumulative percentage retained, the percentage retained within that individual class, average sphericity and specification status when a Specification Envelope has been defined.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>What is sphericity?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Sphericity describes the apparent shape of the measured particles based on their length-to-width relationship.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Higher values indicate more equant particles, while lower values indicate more elongated particles. WipFrag can also show how average sphericity changes across the measured size classes.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>What is the specification envelope?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The specification envelope lets you define minimum and maximum percentage-passing limits for selected size classes.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipFrag then shows whether the measured particle size distribution falls within the user-defined target range.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":5,\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textTransform\":\"uppercase\"},\"elements\":{\"link\":{\"color\":{\"text\":\"#1d70b7\"}}},\"color\":{\"text\":\"#1d70b7\"},\"css\":\"line-height: 0;\"},\"anchor\":\"h-blastcast\"} -->\n<h5 id=\"h-blastcast\" class=\"wp-block-heading has-custom-css has-text-color has-link-color\" style=\"color:#1d70b7;text-transform:uppercase\">BlastCast<\/h5>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>Does WipFrag include blast prediction tools?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Yes.<\/strong> <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/blastcast-guide\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"10847\">BlastCast<\/a><\/strong> uses measured WipFrag fragmentation data together with drill-and-blast parameters to model how changes to blast parameters may affect the predicted particle size distribution.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For a broader explanation of the rock properties, blast-design variables, and physical processes that influence fragmentation, see <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\"><strong>Understanding Rock Blasting and Fragmentation<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>How does BlastCast work?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Start with the WipFrag result from a completed blast and enter the actual blast parameters that produced it.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use <strong>Auto Rock Factor<\/strong> to calibrate the prediction to the measured fragmentation. Once calibrated, lock the Rock Factor and adjust the controllable blast parameters to compare modeled outcomes.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>What do the blue and red BlastCast curves represent?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The <strong>blue curve<\/strong> represents the measured fragmentation from the completed WipFrag analysis.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The <strong>red curve<\/strong> represents the fragmentation predicted by BlastCast from the current blast parameters.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Changing the blast parameters affects the red prediction curve while the measured result remains as the reference.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>Is BlastCast a replacement for blast design software or engineering judgement?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>No<\/strong>. BlastCast is a prediction and comparison tool intended to help users explore how changes to blast parameters may affect fragmentation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>It does NOT replace qualified blast design, engineering judgement, site procedures, or applicable regulations.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>Where can I learn how to use BlastCast?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Refer to the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=6685\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=6685\">WipFrag User Manual<\/a><\/strong> and the <strong><a href=\"\/kb\/blastcast-guide\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"\/kb\/blastcast-guide\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">BlastCast Guide<\/a><\/strong> for the full calibration and prediction workflow.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":5,\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textTransform\":\"uppercase\"},\"elements\":{\"link\":{\"color\":{\"text\":\"#1d70b7\"}}},\"color\":{\"text\":\"#1d70b7\"},\"css\":\"line-height: 0;\"},\"anchor\":\"h-wipjoint\"} -->\n<h5 id=\"h-wipjoint\" class=\"wp-block-heading has-custom-css has-text-color has-link-color\" style=\"color:#1d70b7;text-transform:uppercase\">WipJoint<\/h5>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary><strong>Does WipFrag include tools for rock-structure and discontinuity analysis?<\/strong><\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Yes. <strong>WipJoint<\/strong> is included within WipFrag for characterizing visible discontinuity traces on exposed rock surfaces. It can be used on highwalls, quarry faces, underground development faces, stopes, outcrops, and other suitable exposed rock surfaces.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary><strong>What does WipJoint measure?<\/strong><\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipJoint provides information about:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>apparent joint orientation;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>apparent joint spacing;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>persistence;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>estimated Rock Quality Designation (RQD); and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>apparent in-situ block size.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary><strong>Does WipJoint measure true three-dimensional joint orientation?<\/strong><\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>No. <\/strong>WipJoint measures discontinuity traces visible on the photographed rock surface. Orientation and spacing are <strong>apparent measurements<\/strong> based on the exposure and viewing direction. They should not be interpreted as complete three-dimensional measurements of the underlying discontinuity planes.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary><strong>Where can I learn how to use WipJoint?<\/strong><\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Refer to the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=6685\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=6685\">WipFrag User Manual<\/a><\/strong> and the <strong><a href=\"\/kb\/wipjoint-guide\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"\/kb\/wipjoint-guide\/\">WipJoint Guide<\/a><\/strong> for recommended image capture, analysis, interpretation, and practical applications.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":5,\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textTransform\":\"uppercase\"},\"elements\":{\"link\":{\"color\":{\"text\":\"#1d70b7\"}}},\"color\":{\"text\":\"#1d70b7\"},\"css\":\"line-height: 0;\"},\"anchor\":\"h-troubleshooting\"} -->\n<h5 id=\"h-troubleshooting\" class=\"wp-block-heading has-custom-css has-text-color has-link-color\" style=\"color:#1d70b7;text-transform:uppercase\">Troubleshooting<\/h5>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>WipFrag says some TCP ports are blocked. What should I do?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>On Windows, WipFrag uses some TCP ports for communication with the WipWare Account service.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>If WipFrag reports that these ports are blocked:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Allow WipFrag\/WASync through Windows Defender Firewall.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Check whether antivirus, endpoint-security, or VPN software is blocking the connection.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Ask your IT department to allow the required WipWare Account communication through TCP ports (<a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/contact\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\"><strong>contact WipWare<\/strong><\/a> for specific port information).<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Restart WipFrag after the network or firewall changes are made.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>If the warning remains, <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/contact\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\"><strong>contact WipWare<\/strong><\/a> and capture a screenshot of the error to help with diagnosis.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>Why aren't my analyses synchronizing between devices?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Confirm that:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>your WipWare Account cloud storage is NOT full;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>each device is signed into the same WipWare Account;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>an internet connection is available;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>WipFrag is up to date; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>WASync is NOT being blocked on Windows.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>If synchronization problems continue, <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/contact\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\"><strong>contact WipWare<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>Do I lose my analyses if I sign out?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Signing out removes downloaded analyses from that device.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Analyses that have been synchronized remain associated with your account in the cloud and remain available on other synchronized devices.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>If you have NOT synchronized an analysis file to the cloud yet, or if your changes to a file have NOT been synchronized, you will NOT keep those files or changes if you sign out.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>If in doubt, you can export an .ANA file from your analysis to safely archive that file before signing out.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":5,\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textTransform\":\"uppercase\"},\"elements\":{\"link\":{\"color\":{\"text\":\"#1d70b7\"}}},\"color\":{\"text\":\"#1d70b7\"},\"css\":\"line-height: 0;\"},\"anchor\":\"h-support-and-training\"} -->\n<h5 id=\"h-support-and-training\" class=\"wp-block-heading has-custom-css has-text-color has-link-color\" style=\"color:#1d70b7;text-transform:uppercase\">Support and Training<\/h5>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>Is WipFrag training available?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Yes<\/strong>. WipWare provides WipFrag training and maintains tutorial and support resources for customers, educational institutions, and other users.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For training or application assistance, <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/contact\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\"><strong>contact WipWare<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>Where can I find WipFrag manuals and tutorials?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipFrag provides access to resource materials such as manuals and <strong>tutorial videos<\/strong>. Additional <strong>product documentation<\/strong> and <strong>support resources<\/strong> are also available through the WipWare website.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>How do I get technical support?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For software problems, application questions, MailFrag assistance, or training, <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/contact\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\"><strong>contact WipWare<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details -->\n\n<!-- wp:details {\"style\":{\"css\":\"\\u0026 \\u003e summary {\\n    font-weight: bold;\\n}\"}} -->\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-custom-css\" name=\"faq\"><summary>How do I get pricing or a quotation?<\/summary><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For subscriptions, WipWare Analysis Credits, quotations, purchase orders, or other purchasing questions, <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/contact\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\"><strong>contact WipWare<\/strong><\/a> or <strong>your regional WipWare representative<\/strong>, or <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipwareaccount.com\/store.php\">visit our webstore<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/details>\n<!-- \/wp:details --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->","post_title":"WipFrag Frequently Asked Questions","post_excerpt":"Answers to common questions about WipFrag subscriptions, WipWare Analysis Credits, UAV and orthomosaic analysis, MailFrag, software use, troubleshooting, and support.","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"wipfrag-faq","to_ping":"","pinged":"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipfrag-image-capture-and-sampling-guide\nhttps:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipfrag-results-interpretation-guide\/\nhttps:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/evaluating-rock-comminution-from-pre-blast-to-post-blast-and-through-mineral-processing\/\nhttps:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/understanding-p80-in-crushing-and-material-processing\/\nhttps:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/blastcast-guide\/\nhttps:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\nhttps:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/literature-review-application-of-wipware-technology\/","post_modified":"2026-10-21 15:49:00","post_modified_gmt":"2026-10-21 19:49:00","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=7842","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"1","filter":"raw"},{"ID":10998,"post_author":"20","post_date":"2026-10-09 12:19:51","post_date_gmt":"2026-10-09 16:19:51","post_content":"<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"width\":\"100%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\" style=\"flex-basis:100%\"><!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"space-between\",\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:post-excerpt {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fill\",\"flexSize\":null},\"typography\":{\"fontStyle\":\"italic\",\"fontWeight\":\"700\"}}} \/-->\n\n<!-- wp:buttons {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons\"><!-- wp:button -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=11046\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PDF \u2b73<\/a><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:button --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:buttons --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"20px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"20px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns\"><!-- wp:column {\"width\":\"100%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\" style=\"flex-basis:100%\"><!-- wp:yoast-seo\/table-of-contents {\"maxHeadingLevel\":2} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-yoast-seo-table-of-contents yoast-table-of-contents\"><h2>Table of contents<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\" data-level=\"2\">1. Start With the WipFrag Chart<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\" data-level=\"2\">2. Read the Particle Size Distribution Curve<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\" data-level=\"2\">3. Understand D-Values<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\" data-level=\"2\">4. Understand the WipFrag Statistics<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\" data-level=\"2\">5. Read the Histogram and Size Classes<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\" data-level=\"2\">6. Use the Specification Envelope<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\" data-level=\"2\">7. Review Particle Size Visually<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\" data-level=\"2\">8. Interpret Particle Shape and Colour Results<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\" data-level=\"2\">9. Combine and Compare Results<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\" data-level=\"2\">10. Calibration, Fines and Measurement Limits<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\" data-level=\"2\">11. Turn WipFrag Results Into Decisions<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\" data-level=\"2\">12. Spatial Results for UAV Analysis<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\" data-level=\"2\">13. Export and Record Results<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\" data-level=\"2\">WipFrag Results Quick Reference<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:yoast-seo\/table-of-contents --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Start With the WipFrag Chart<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Once an analysis is complete, WipFrag converts the measured particles into a set of results describing the <strong>particle size distribution (PSD)<\/strong> and other characteristics of the analyzed material.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-style-full-width\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"45%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:45%\"><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The standard WipFrag chart can include:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>a cumulative particle size distribution curve;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>a histogram;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>selected result statistics;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>user-defined size classes;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>a specification envelope;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>sphericity information; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>colour results when Colour ID has been configured.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"55%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:55%\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":11006,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Annotated-WipFrag-Chart-1024x536.png\" alt=\"An annotated WipFrag analysis chart\" class=\"wp-image-11006\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>(1) <\/strong>Particle Size Distribution [PSD] Curve, <strong>(2) <\/strong>Data Box, <strong>(3) <\/strong>Histogram, <strong>(4) <\/strong>Specification Envelope, <strong>(5) <\/strong>Sphericity, <strong>(6) <\/strong>Size Classes.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The chart can be configured to show the information most useful to the application.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-start-with-the-question\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-start-with-the-question\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Start with the question<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Before interpreting individual numbers, ask:&nbsp; <strong>What decision am I trying to make from this result?<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Is the material coarser or finer than expected?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>What percentage of material is below a process limit?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>How much material is above an oversize threshold?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Is the distribution becoming more or less uniform?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Has the PSD changed from a previous sample?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Does the result fall within an operating specification?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Is particle shape changing?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Are large particles concentrated in a particular area?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Is a user-defined colour proportion changing?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Different WipFrag results describe different aspects of the material. There is rarely one value that tells the whole story.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                REMEMBER\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                <b>Interpret the result against the application.<\/b> A smaller, larger, narrower, or wider particle size distribution is NOT automatically better. The useful result is the one that meets the requirements of the process or study.\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\">1. Start With the WipFrag Chart<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\">2. Read the Particle Size Distribution Curve<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\">3. Understand D-Values<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\">4. Understand the WipFrag Statistics<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\">5. Read the Histogram and Size Classes<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\">6. Use the Specification Envelope<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\">7. Review Particle Size Visually<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\">8. Interpret Particle Shape and Colour Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\">9. Combine and Compare Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\">10. Calibration, Fines and Measurement Limits<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\">11. Turn WipFrag Results Into Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\">12. Spatial Results for UAV Analysis<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\">13. Export and Record Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\">WipFrag Results Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Read the Particle Size Distribution Curve<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The particle size distribution (PSD) curve shows how particle size is distributed through the analyzed material.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The horizontal axis represents particle size, while the vertical axis represents <strong>cumulative percentage passing<\/strong> \u2014 the percentage of material smaller than a selected size.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, if the curve shows <strong>~25% passing at 100 mm<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>approximately 25% of the analyzed material is smaller than 100 mm; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>approximately 75% is larger than 100 mm.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The percentage larger than a selected size can also be described as <strong>cumulative percentage retained<\/strong>. Passing and retained are complementary:&nbsp; <strong>~25% passing 100 mm = ~75% retained above 100 mm<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":11015,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Chart-Passing-Retained-1024x536.png\" alt=\"WipFrag chart results showing percent passing and percent retained.\" class=\"wp-image-11015\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Do NOT confuse <strong>cumulative percent retained<\/strong> with the <strong>class retained<\/strong> value in the histogram. Cumulative retained includes everything larger than the selected size, while class retained describes only the material within one defined size interval.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-reading-the-curve-from-either-direction\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-reading-the-curve-from-either-direction\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Reading the curve from either direction<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>You can use the curve in two ways.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4,\"anchor\":\"h-start-with-a-percentage\"} -->\n<h4 id=\"h-start-with-a-percentage\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Start with a percentage<\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>If you want to know the particle size corresponding to a particular percentile, read across from the percentage to the curve and then down to the size axis.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This is how values such as D50 and D80 are interpreted.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4,\"anchor\":\"h-start-with-a-size\"} -->\n<h4 id=\"h-start-with-a-size\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Start with a size<\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>If you already have a meaningful size, such as a screen opening, crusher feed target, oversize limit, product specification, or laboratory sieve size, find that size on the horizontal axis and read upward to the curve.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The corresponding percentage tells you how much of the analyzed material falls below that size.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-understand-the-particle-size-axis\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-understand-the-particle-size-axis\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Understand the particle-size axis<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Particle size distributions often cover a very wide range of sizes, so WipFrag plots the user-defined size classes with <strong>logarithmic scaling<\/strong> to make both smaller and larger particles visible on the same chart.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>On a logarithmic size axis, equal distances across the chart do NOT represent equal numerical increases in particle size.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, the visual distance from 10 mm to 20 mm is NOT interpreted the same way as a linear ruler extending from 10 mm to 20 mm, and progressively larger size ranges can be displayed without compressing the smaller particles into one end of the graph.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use the axis labels and measured values, rather than visual distance alone, when comparing particle sizes.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":11016,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Linear-Log-Data-Comparison.png\" alt=\"Linear data vs logarithmic data comparison\" class=\"wp-image-11016\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-compare-the-entire-curve\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-compare-the-entire-curve\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Compare the entire curve<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>D-values are useful summaries, but two distributions can have similar D50 or D80 values while differing elsewhere.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>When comparing results, look at:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>the fine end;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>the middle of the distribution;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>the coarse end; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>the overall shape of the curve.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Where two curves separate can be just as useful as the difference between individual statistics.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\">1. Start With the WipFrag Chart<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\">2. Read the Particle Size Distribution Curve<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\">3. Understand D-Values<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\">4. Understand the WipFrag Statistics<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\">5. Read the Histogram and Size Classes<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\">6. Use the Specification Envelope<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\">7. Review Particle Size Visually<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\">8. Interpret Particle Shape and Colour Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\">9. Combine and Compare Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\">10. Calibration, Fines and Measurement Limits<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\">11. Turn WipFrag Results Into Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\">12. Spatial Results for UAV Analysis<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\">13. Export and Record Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\">WipFrag Results Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-3-understand-d-values\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-3-understand-d-values\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Understand D-Values<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipFrag reports percentile sizes using the notation <strong>DXX<\/strong>. The number after D represents the percentage of material smaller than the reported size.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>D10:<\/strong>&nbsp; 10% of the material is smaller than this size.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>D50:<\/strong>&nbsp; 50% of the material is smaller and 50% is larger.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>D80:<\/strong>&nbsp; 80% of the material is smaller and 20% is larger.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>D95:<\/strong>&nbsp; 95% of the material is smaller and 5% is larger.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These values provide convenient reference points along the particle size distribution.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-d50\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-d50\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">D50<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>D50 is the <strong>50% passing size<\/strong> and represents the midpoint, or median, of the particle size distribution.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>It is useful for:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>comparing the general size of different samples;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>tracking whether material is becoming coarser or finer; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>summarizing the centre of the distribution.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>D50 should NOT be interpreted as the arithmetic average particle size.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-d80\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-d80\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">D80<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>D80 is the <strong>80% passing size<\/strong>. It is commonly used in mining, aggregates, crushing, grinding, and fragmentation studies because it provides a useful measure toward the coarse side of the distribution without being controlled only by the very largest particles.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use D80 to:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>compare fragmentation between samples;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>track changes over time;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>relate material size to downstream processing; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>compare the result with a defined operational target.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-higher-percentile-sizes\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-higher-percentile-sizes\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Higher percentile sizes<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Values such as <strong>D90<\/strong> and <strong>D95<\/strong> describe progressively more of the coarse end. These values can be useful where large particles or oversize are important, but they also depend strongly on whether the captured sample adequately represented the larger material.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A high-percentile value should therefore be interpreted together with the sampling method and the original imagery.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                IMPORTANT\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                <b>A D-value describes the distribution. It does NOT explain what caused it.<\/b> A change in D80, for example, tells you that the material size distribution changed. Determining why requires the relevant operating, geological, process, or blast information.\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\">1. Start With the WipFrag Chart<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\">2. Read the Particle Size Distribution Curve<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\">3. Understand D-Values<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\">4. Understand the WipFrag Statistics<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\">5. Read the Histogram and Size Classes<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\">6. Use the Specification Envelope<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\">7. Review Particle Size Visually<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\">8. Interpret Particle Shape and Colour Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\">9. Combine and Compare Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\">10. Calibration, Fines and Measurement Limits<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\">11. Turn WipFrag Results Into Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\">12. Spatial Results for UAV Analysis<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\">13. Export and Record Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\">WipFrag Results Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Understand the WipFrag Statistics<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The WipFrag Data Box can display selected statistics alongside the PSD.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Not every statistic needs to be used for every application.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-particles\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-particles\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Particles<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Particles is the number of particles measured in the analysis.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use this value as context for the result rather than as a performance target by itself.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A larger particle count does NOT automatically mean a better analysis. The particles still need to be:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>visible;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>correctly delineated;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>properly scaled; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>representative of the material being sampled.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-coverage\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-coverage\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Coverage<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Coverage is the percentage of the image area included as analyzable material.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Coverage can help describe how much of the image contributed to the analysis.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>It should be considered a supporting diagnostic rather than a particle-size result.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-sphericity\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-sphericity\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sphericity<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipFrag's Sphericity value describes particle shape based on the relationship between particle length and width.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Higher values represent particles that are more equant in the image, while lower values indicate more elongated particles.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use sphericity to:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>compare particle shape between samples;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>identify changes in material shape;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>investigate handling or processing behaviour where particle shape matters; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>complement the PSD when size alone does NOT fully describe the material.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":11019,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-default\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-style-default\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Sphericity-Shape-Comparison-1024x456.png\" alt=\"Comparison of more equant (high sphericity) particles and elongated (lower sphericity) particles.\" class=\"wp-image-11019\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Sphericity describes the <strong>two-dimensional particle shape visible in the image<\/strong>. It should NOT be interpreted as a complete three-dimensional measurement of particle form.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-rosin-rammler-statistics\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-rosin-rammler-statistics\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Rosin-Rammler Statistics<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipFrag can describe the particle size distribution using the Rosin-Rammler model.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4,\"anchor\":\"h-xc-characteristic-size\"} -->\n<h4 id=\"h-xc-characteristic-size\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Xc \u2013 Characteristic Size<\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Xc is the Rosin-Rammler characteristic size.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>In WipFrag:&nbsp; <strong>Xc = D63.2 before any calibration is applied.<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This means 63.2% of the material is smaller than the Xc value.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Xc provides another useful reference size for comparing distributions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4,\"anchor\":\"h-n-uniformity-coefficient\"} -->\n<h4 id=\"h-n-uniformity-coefficient\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>n<\/em> \u2013 Uniformity Coefficient<\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>n<\/em> describes the uniformity of the Rosin-Rammler distribution.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A higher <em>n<\/em> indicates a narrower, more uniform size distribution.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A lower <em>n<\/em> indicates a broader distribution containing a wider range of particle sizes.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use <em>n<\/em> when the spread of the distribution matters, rather than looking only at whether the overall material is coarse or fine.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>In WipFrag:&nbsp; <strong><em>n<\/em> = uniformity coefficient <em>before<\/em> any calibration is applied.<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":11021,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-default\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-style-default\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Uniformity-Comparison.png\" alt=\"Comparison of n values with examples of higher and lower uniformity samples.\" class=\"wp-image-11021\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                EXAMPLE\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                <b>Two samples may have similar D50 values but very different <i>n<\/i> values.<\/b> One may contain particles concentrated around the median size, while the other contains a much wider mixture of fine and coarse material.\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-swebrec-statistics\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-swebrec-statistics\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Swebrec Statistics<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipFrag can also describe the distribution using the Swebrec model.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4,\"anchor\":\"h-x50\"} -->\n<h4 id=\"h-x50\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>X50<\/em><\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>X50<\/em> is the Swebrec 50% passing size.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>In WipFrag:&nbsp; <strong><em>X50<\/em> = D50 <em>before<\/em> any calibration is applied.<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4,\"anchor\":\"h-xmax\"} -->\n<h4 id=\"h-xmax\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>Xmax<\/em><\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>Xmax<\/em> represents the maximum particle size used by the Swebrec distribution and corresponds to the largest particle measured in the analysis.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Interpret <em>Xmax<\/em> carefully when rare oversize particles are important. The result can only represent large particles that were included and correctly measured in the sampled imagery.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>In WipFrag:&nbsp; <strong><em>Xmax<\/em> = largest particle size <em>before<\/em> any calibration is applied.<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4,\"anchor\":\"h-b\"} -->\n<h4 id=\"h-b\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>b<\/em><\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>b<\/em> is the Swebrec curve-undulation parameter.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>It helps describe the shape of the fitted Swebrec distribution.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Unlike a D-value, <em>b<\/em> is usually most useful as part of the fitted distribution or when comparing consistently generated results, rather than as a standalone operating target.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>In WipFrag:&nbsp; <strong><em>b<\/em> = curve-undulation parameter <em>before<\/em> any calibration is applied.<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\">1. Start With the WipFrag Chart<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\">2. Read the Particle Size Distribution Curve<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\">3. Understand D-Values<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\">4. Understand the WipFrag Statistics<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\">5. Read the Histogram and Size Classes<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\">6. Use the Specification Envelope<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\">7. Review Particle Size Visually<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\">8. Interpret Particle Shape and Colour Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\">9. Combine and Compare Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\">10. Calibration, Fines and Measurement Limits<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\">11. Turn WipFrag Results Into Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\">12. Spatial Results for UAV Analysis<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\">13. Export and Record Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\">WipFrag Results Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Read the Histogram and Size Classes<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>While the PSD curve shows the cumulative distribution, the histogram <strong>divides the material into individual size classes<\/strong> to provide a different view of the material.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipFrag supports up to 25 size classes which can be configured around the sizes that matter to the application.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-review-individual-size-classes\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-review-individual-size-classes\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Review individual size classes<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"40%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:40%\"><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For a selected size class in the histogram, WipFrag can provide information including:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Particles<\/strong>\u2014 the number of measured particles within that size class;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Passing<\/strong> \u2014 the cumulative percentage of analyzed material smaller than the selected size;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Retained<\/strong> \u2014 the cumulative percentage of analyzed material larger than the selected size;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Class Retained<\/strong> \u2014 the percentage of material contained within that individual size class;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Sphericity<\/strong> \u2014 the average sphericity of particles in that size class; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>On Spec<\/strong> \u2014 whether that size class is on spec (when a specification envelope has been defined).<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"60%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:60%\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":11023,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Histogram-Size-Class.png\" alt=\"A diagram of WipFrag's histogram and size classes and their relation.\" class=\"wp-image-11023\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-look-at-the-shape-of-the-histogram\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-look-at-the-shape-of-the-histogram\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Look at the shape of the histogram<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Do NOT look only at the tallest bar.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Consider:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Where the material is concentrated:<\/strong>&nbsp; which size classes contain the largest retained proportion.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Distribution width:<\/strong>&nbsp; a narrow grouping indicates material concentrated within a smaller size range, while a broad histogram indicates a wider mixture of sizes.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Fine and coarse tails:<\/strong>&nbsp; material extending toward either end of the histogram can be important even when it does NOT dominate the distribution.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The desired histogram shape depends on the application. A broad distribution is NOT automatically poor, and a narrow distribution is NOT automatically better.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-choose-meaningful-size-classes\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-choose-meaningful-size-classes\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Choose meaningful size classes<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Whenever practical, define size classes around real operating limits such as:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>screen openings;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>crusher or process thresholds;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>product specifications;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>oversize limits;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>laboratory sieve sizes; or<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>other meaningful control points.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Whenever possible, the size classes should represent real decision points rather than arbitrary intervals.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\">1. Start With the WipFrag Chart<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\">2. Read the Particle Size Distribution Curve<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\">3. Understand D-Values<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\">4. Understand the WipFrag Statistics<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\">5. Read the Histogram and Size Classes<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\">6. Use the Specification Envelope<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\">7. Review Particle Size Visually<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\">8. Interpret Particle Shape and Colour Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\">9. Combine and Compare Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\">10. Calibration, Fines and Measurement Limits<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\">11. Turn WipFrag Results Into Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\">12. Spatial Results for UAV Analysis<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\">13. Export and Record Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\">WipFrag Results Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. Use the Specification Envelope<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The <strong>Specification Envelope<\/strong> allows a target range to be placed directly on the WipFrag PSD chart.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"40%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\" style=\"flex-basis:40%\"><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For selected size classes, define:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>a <strong>minimum<\/strong> acceptable percentage passing; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>a <strong>maximum<\/strong> acceptable percentage passing.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipFrag displays the resulting target as a yellow envelope and identifies whether the result falls within the defined specification.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"60%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\" style=\"flex-basis:60%\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":11024,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Specification-Envelope-Comparison.png\" alt=\"A diagram of WipFrag's specification envelope showing on-spec and off-spec values.\" class=\"wp-image-11024\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-why-use-an-envelope\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-why-use-an-envelope\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why use an envelope?<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A specification envelope moves interpretation beyond:&nbsp; <strong>\u201cIs this material finer or coarser?\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>and toward:&nbsp; <strong>\u201cDoes this distribution meet the required operating range?\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use it when the application has known limits for:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>product sizing;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>crusher feed;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>screening;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>blast fragmentation;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>process control; or<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>quality assurance.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong><br><\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-interpret-the-entire-envelope\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-interpret-the-entire-envelope\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Interpret the entire envelope<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A result may meet the target through one part of the distribution and fall outside it elsewhere.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Look at where the curve leaves the envelope.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>That indicates whether the difference is concentrated toward:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>the finer material;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>the middle of the distribution; or<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>the coarse material.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                REMEMBER\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                <b>The specification envelope is user-defined.<\/b> WipFrag tells you whether the result meets the limits you entered; it does NOT determine what the correct operational limits should be.\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\">1. Start With the WipFrag Chart<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\">2. Read the Particle Size Distribution Curve<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\">3. Understand D-Values<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\">4. Understand the WipFrag Statistics<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\">5. Read the Histogram and Size Classes<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\">6. Use the Specification Envelope<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\">7. Review Particle Size Visually<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\">8. Interpret Particle Shape and Colour Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\">9. Combine and Compare Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\">10. Calibration, Fines and Measurement Limits<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\">11. Turn WipFrag Results Into Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\">12. Spatial Results for UAV Analysis<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\">13. Export and Record Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\">WipFrag Results Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-7-review-particle-size-visually\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-7-review-particle-size-visually\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. Review Particle Size Visually<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The PSD curve and histogram summarize the measured particle size distribution, but WipFrag also provides tools for visually relating those results back to the analyzed image.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns\"><!-- wp:column {\"width\":\"40%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\" style=\"flex-basis:40%\"><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-edit-assist\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-edit-assist\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Edit Assist<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipFrag's Edit Assist can highlight:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Largest by Count<\/strong>:&nbsp; a selected number of the largest measured particles.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Largest by Size<\/strong>:&nbsp; all measured particles larger than a user-defined size.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"width\":\"60%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\" style=\"flex-basis:60%\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":11025,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Edit-Assist-Size.png\" alt=\"WipFrag Edit Assist feature with the largest particles by size threshold highlighted at +150mm.\" class=\"wp-image-11025\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use Edit Assist to:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>locate individual oversized particles or particles above a defined size;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>distinguish isolated oversize from a generally coarse distribution;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>identify where the largest measured particles occur in the source image; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>review whether those particles have been delineated correctly.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-block-colours\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-block-colours\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Block Colours<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipFrag can also colour the delineated particles according to their measured size. Larger particles are shown with progressively hotter colours (redder), while smaller particles appear cooler (bluer).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Block Colours can help you:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>see how coarse and fine material is distributed through the image;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>identify areas containing relatively larger particles;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>spot areas worth reviewing more closely;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>relate the PSD and histogram back to the source image; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>visually check whether the measured size pattern makes sense.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"66%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:66%\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":11026,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Block-Colours-Comparison-1024x512.png\" alt=\"The same image compared with and without Block Colours feature\" class=\"wp-image-11026\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"34%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:34%\"><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Particles that are NOT fully contained within the image and user-defined Area of Interest will NOT be included in the analysis.<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The Block Colours feature can help you quickly establish which particles have been included.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Block Colours are also a visual interpretation aid. They do NOT replace the PSD curve, histogram, or numerical size results.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\">1. Start With the WipFrag Chart<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\">2. Read the Particle Size Distribution Curve<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\">3. Understand D-Values<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\">4. Understand the WipFrag Statistics<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\">5. Read the Histogram and Size Classes<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\">6. Use the Specification Envelope<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\">7. Review Particle Size Visually<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\">8. Interpret Particle Shape and Colour Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\">9. Combine and Compare Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\">10. Calibration, Fines and Measurement Limits<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\">11. Turn WipFrag Results Into Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\">12. Spatial Results for UAV Analysis<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\">13. Export and Record Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\">WipFrag Results Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">8. Interpret Particle Shape and Colour Results<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-sphericity-through-the-distribution\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-sphericity-through-the-distribution\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sphericity through the distribution<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>In addition to the overall Sphericity statistic, WipFrag can display sphericity markers through the histogram.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These show how apparent particle shape changes across the measured size classes.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This can help answer questions such as:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Are the larger particles more elongated than the smaller material?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Is particle shape changing with size?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Did a process change affect both size and shape?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use the sphericity information together with the histogram and PSD rather than treating it as a separate quality score.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The desired shape depends on the application. Higher sphericity is NOT automatically better.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-colour-id\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-colour-id\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Colour ID<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>When Colour ID has been configured during the analysis, WipFrag can report the percentage of material matching the user-defined colour profile.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Up to two Colour IDs can be defined.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use Colour ID when colour itself is a useful visual discriminator within the application.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Examples may include:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>visually distinct material types;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>contamination;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>dilution;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>product colour differences; or<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>other user-defined colour classes.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Colour ID is a <strong>colour-match measurement<\/strong>. It should NOT be interpreted as chemical, mineralogical, or object identification unless the colour relationship has been established separately for the application.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\">1. Start With the WipFrag Chart<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\">2. Read the Particle Size Distribution Curve<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\">3. Understand D-Values<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\">4. Understand the WipFrag Statistics<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\">5. Read the Histogram and Size Classes<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\">6. Use the Specification Envelope<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\">7. Review Particle Size Visually<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\">8. Interpret Particle Shape and Colour Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\">9. Combine and Compare Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\">10. Calibration, Fines and Measurement Limits<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\">11. Turn WipFrag Results Into Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\">12. Spatial Results for UAV Analysis<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\">13. Export and Record Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\">WipFrag Results Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-9-combine-and-compare-results\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-9-combine-and-compare-results\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">9. Combine and Compare Results<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>One image often represents only part of a larger sample. Where several images have been captured as representative samples of the <strong>same material population<\/strong>, WipFrag can combine analyses into a merged result.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-when-to-merge\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-when-to-merge\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">When to merge<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Merge results when several analyses were intentionally collected to represent:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>one blast;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>one pile;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>one stockpile;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>one laboratory sample;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>one production period; or<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>another defined sample population.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The merged result provides a broader PSD than relying on one individual image.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-when-not-to-merge\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-when-not-to-merge\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">When NOT to merge<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Do NOT merge samples simply because they are available. Keep analyses separate when the purpose is to compare:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>different blasts;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>different operating conditions;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>different material types;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>different process stages;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>different geological areas; or<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>different time periods.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Otherwise, the differences you are trying to observe may disappear into the combined distribution.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-compare-like-with-like\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-compare-like-with-like\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Compare like with like<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>When tracking changes, keep the sampling and analysis method as consistent as practical. Differences in the following variables can influence the result independently of a true change in the material:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>viewing distance;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>sample location;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>image resolution;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>scaling;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>lighting;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>analysis method; or<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>particle-size visibility.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipfrag-image-capture-and-sampling-guide\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"10311\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Image Capture and Sampling Guide<\/a><\/strong> to help design a repeatable sampling program.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-choose-what-you-need-to-track\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-choose-what-you-need-to-track\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Choose what you need to track<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Avoid collecting numbers simply because they are available. Before establishing a baseline or beginning a comparison study, decide which WipFrag results truly matter to the decision. Useful measurements may include:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>D50 or D80;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">another application-specific D-value;<\/span><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">percentage passing a defined size;<\/span><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">percentage above an oversize threshold;<\/span><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">material within a selected size range;<\/span><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">uniformity coefficient;<\/span><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">sphericity;<\/span><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">Colour ID;<\/span><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">specification status; or<\/span><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>another defined site or process KPI.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Choose measurements that relate directly to the process, product, study, or operating objective, then use those measurements consistently throughout the comparison.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-build-a-baseline\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-build-a-baseline\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Build a baseline<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Once the measurements that matter have been selected, establish their normal range before using them to judge process changes.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A single comparison can show that two samples are different. A series of representative measurements collected under normal operating conditions provides much stronger context.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Where practical, establish a baseline from several representative analyses collected under normal operating conditions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Then track the results that matter to the application, such as:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>D50;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>D80;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>percentage above or below a process threshold;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>uniformity coefficient;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>sphericity;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>specification status;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Colour ID; or<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>another site-specific KPI.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This makes it easier to distinguish normal variation from a meaningful process change.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                REMEMBER\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                <b>A trend is usually more useful than an isolated number.<\/b>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\">1. Start With the WipFrag Chart<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\">2. Read the Particle Size Distribution Curve<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\">3. Understand D-Values<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\">4. Understand the WipFrag Statistics<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\">5. Read the Histogram and Size Classes<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\">6. Use the Specification Envelope<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\">7. Review Particle Size Visually<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\">8. Interpret Particle Shape and Colour Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\">9. Combine and Compare Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\">10. Calibration, Fines and Measurement Limits<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\">11. Turn WipFrag Results Into Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\">12. Spatial Results for UAV Analysis<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\">13. Export and Record Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\">WipFrag Results Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">10. Calibration, Fines and Measurement Limits<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A WipFrag result must always be interpreted within the limits of the imagery and sampling used to create it.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-wipfrag-can-only-measure-what-is-represented\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-wipfrag-can-only-measure-what-is-represented\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">WipFrag can only measure what is represented<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The chart does NOT create information that was absent from the sample.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>If the imagery did NOT adequately represent:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>the largest particles;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>the smallest particles;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>a segregated portion of the sample; or<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>another important part of the material,<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>the PSD may NOT fully represent the complete material population.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-the-fine-end\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-the-fine-end\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">The fine end<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Fine particles are especially dependent on image resolution and visibility.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>If individual particles cannot be distinguished in the original image, they cannot be directly measured from that image.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For broad particle size distributions, use additional closer images where appropriate rather than expecting one wide image to resolve every relevant size.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The <strong>Zoom-Merge<\/strong> approach can combine analyses captured at different scales of observation to better represent broad distributions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4,\"anchor\":\"h-zoom-merge\"} -->\n<h4 id=\"h-zoom-merge\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Zoom-Merge<\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Zoom-Merge combines analyses captured at different scales of observation. Wider images represent larger particles, while closer images improve the visibility of smaller particles that may be below the resolution of the wider view.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The results can then be merged to provide a more representative particle size distribution when the material contains a broad range of sizes.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-relative-results-versus-calibrated-results\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-relative-results-versus-calibrated-results\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Relative results versus calibrated results<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipFrag results can be valuable for comparative measurement even without calibration when the sampling and analysis method remains consistent.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, repeated analyses can show whether material is trending:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>coarser;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>finer;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>broader;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>narrower;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>more or less elongated; or<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>toward or away from an operating target.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For many monitoring applications, the consistency of the measurement method is what makes the trend useful.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Calibration becomes important when the WipFrag result needs to correspond more closely with a physical sieve reference.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-calibration\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-calibration\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Calibration<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipFrag results can be calibrated using the <strong>Swebrec<\/strong>, <strong>Rosin-Rammler<\/strong> or <strong>xP-Fan<\/strong> models.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":11027,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-default\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-style-default\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Calibration-Options.png\" alt=\"The 3 calibration options for WipFrag analysis results.\" class=\"wp-image-11027\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4,\"anchor\":\"h-fines-target\"} -->\n<h4 id=\"h-fines-target\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Fines Target<\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>xP-Fan calibration is <strong>only for blast fragmentation<\/strong> results. It requires a user selection of high, medium, or low fines for the image sample being analyzed. The resulting xP-Fan equation will be displayed on the chart.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4,\"anchor\":\"h-sieve-target\"} -->\n<h4 id=\"h-sieve-target\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sieve Target<\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Sieve calibration with Swebrec or Rosin-Rammler requires:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>real-world sieve results<\/strong> from the material; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>WipFrag analysis of <strong>the same material<\/strong> that was sieved.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The sieve and image-analysis data can then be used to calculate a correction using the available calibration models.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-use-calibration-when\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-use-calibration-when\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Use calibration when<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>long-term results need to correlate with a physical sieve reference;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">a repeatable production application has been established;<\/span><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">representative sieve data are available; or<\/span><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>the image-based result needs to be adjusted to an agreed physical reference method.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-do-not-use-calibration-to-compensate-for-poor-sampling\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-do-not-use-calibration-to-compensate-for-poor-sampling\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Do NOT use calibration to compensate for poor sampling<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Calibration cannot correct an image that did NOT represent the material in the first place.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Good sampling and image capture still come first. You can read the <strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipfrag-image-capture-and-sampling-guide\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"10311\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Image Capture and Sampling Guide<\/a><\/strong><\/strong> for a good starting point before the analysis process begins.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                IMPORTANT\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                <b>Sampling determines what material is represented. Calibration adjusts how that measured distribution relates to a reference.<\/b> They solve different problems.\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\">1. Start With the WipFrag Chart<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\">2. Read the Particle Size Distribution Curve<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\">3. Understand D-Values<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\">4. Understand the WipFrag Statistics<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\">5. Read the Histogram and Size Classes<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\">6. Use the Specification Envelope<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\">7. Review Particle Size Visually<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\">8. Interpret Particle Shape and Colour Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\">9. Combine and Compare Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\">10. Calibration, Fines and Measurement Limits<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\">11. Turn WipFrag Results Into Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\">12. Spatial Results for UAV Analysis<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\">13. Export and Record Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\">WipFrag Results Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">11. Turn WipFrag Results Into Decisions<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The purpose of WipFrag results is NOT simply to produce a PSD curve.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use the output to answer a defined operational or technical question.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-is-the-material-becoming-coarser-or-finer\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-is-the-material-becoming-coarser-or-finer\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Is the material becoming coarser or finer?<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Compare:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>D50;<ul><li>D80;<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>other relevant D-values; and<\/li><\/ul><!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>the overall PSD curve.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list --><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Do NOT rely on one percentile alone when the full distribution matters.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-how-much-material-is-below-a-process-threshold\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-how-much-material-is-below-a-process-threshold\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">How much material is below a process threshold?<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use <strong>percentage passing<\/strong> at the relevant size.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, if a process limit is 75 mm, determine the percentage passing 75 mm directly from the curve or histogram. The remaining percentage is above that size.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-how-much-oversize-is-present\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-how-much-oversize-is-present\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">How much oversize is present?<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Define the oversize threshold as a relevant size class.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use the percentage above that threshold rather than relying only on <em>Xmax<\/em> or the largest measured particle.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>Xmax<\/em> tells you about the largest particle measured; it does NOT tell you how much oversize material exists.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>If the number and location of individual oversized particles matters, use Edit Assist in addition to the percentage result.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-is-the-distribution-becoming-more-or-less-uniform\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-is-the-distribution-becoming-more-or-less-uniform\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Is the distribution becoming more or less uniform?<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Review:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>the shape of the PSD curve;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">the histogram; and<\/span><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>the Rosin-Rammler <em>n<\/em> value.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Higher <em>n<\/em> indicates a narrower size distribution.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-is-the-result-meeting-the-operating-target\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-is-the-result-meeting-the-operating-target\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Is the result meeting the operating target?<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use the <strong>specification envelope<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This provides a direct comparison between the measured PSD and the defined minimum and maximum passing limits.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-has-particle-shape-changed\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-has-particle-shape-changed\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Has particle shape changed?<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Compare sphericity under consistent sampling and analysis conditions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Review both the average result and the sphericity through the size classes where appropriate.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-is-colour-related-material-changing\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-is-colour-related-material-changing\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Is colour-related material changing?<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Where Colour ID has been deliberately configured for the application, compare the percentage matching the defined colour profiles.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-are-coarse-particles-concentrated-in-one-part-of-the-sample\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-are-coarse-particles-concentrated-in-one-part-of-the-sample\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Are coarse particles concentrated in one part of the sample?<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Block Colours;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>oversize highlighting;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>the original image; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>spatial results where available.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This can help distinguish a generally coarse sample from a localized coarse zone.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-what-caused-the-result\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-what-caused-the-result\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">What caused the result?<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipFrag measures the resulting material characteristics.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The PSD can show that material became:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>coarser;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>finer;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>broader;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>narrower;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>more elongated;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>less elongated; or<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>different in colour.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>It does NOT, by itself, establish the cause.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>To determine why the result changed, compare WipFrag data with the appropriate context, such as:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>drill-and-blast records;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>geology;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>crusher settings;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>screen configuration;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>feed rate;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>process conditions;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>material source; or<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>other operating data.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                REMEMBER\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                <b>Measure first. Diagnose second.<\/b> Use WipFrag to establish what changed, then use the relevant operating information to investigate why.            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\">1. Start With the WipFrag Chart<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\">2. Read the Particle Size Distribution Curve<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\">3. Understand D-Values<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\">4. Understand the WipFrag Statistics<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\">5. Read the Histogram and Size Classes<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\">6. Use the Specification Envelope<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\">7. Review Particle Size Visually<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\">8. Interpret Particle Shape and Colour Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\">9. Combine and Compare Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\">10. Calibration, Fines and Measurement Limits<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\">11. Turn WipFrag Results Into Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\">12. Spatial Results for UAV Analysis<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\">13. Export and Record Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\">WipFrag Results Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">12. Spatial Results for UAV Analysis<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"50%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For UAV analyses with location information, WipFrag can display results spatially using the GIS heatmap.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Depending on the selected result, the heatmap can show spatial changes in values such as:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>D80;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">D95;<\/span><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">Xc;<\/span><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">sphericity;<\/span><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">uniformity; and<\/span><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Colour ID.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This can help identify where the material differs across a large sampled area rather than reducing the entire area to one merged value.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"50%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":11028,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-UAV-GIS-Heatmap.png\" alt=\"A screenshot of WipFrag's GIS feature showing the heatmap of a UAV orthomosaic image analysis.\" class=\"wp-image-11028\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-interpret-heatmaps-relative-to-the-target\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-interpret-heatmaps-relative-to-the-target\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Interpret heatmaps relative to the target<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Heatmap colours indicate relative differences in the selected result.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For particle-size outputs, hotter colours generally represent larger values, and cooler colours represent smaller values.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For other measurements, the colour relationship depends on the selected result.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Do NOT assume that a visually hot or cold area is automatically good or bad.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, larger particle size may be undesirable in one application and acceptable or expected in another.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use the heatmap to identify <strong>where values differ<\/strong>, then interpret those differences against the operating target and sampling context.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-use-spatial-results-to-investigate-variation\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-use-spatial-results-to-investigate-variation\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Use spatial results to investigate variation<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Spatial results can help identify:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>coarse or fine zones;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">changing uniformity across a blast;<\/span><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">areas with different apparent particle shape;<\/span><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">colour-related variation; or<\/span><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>locations that should be reviewed against drill, blast, geological, or process information.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The heatmap helps locate the variation. It does NOT, by itself, explain the cause.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\">1. Start With the WipFrag Chart<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\">2. Read the Particle Size Distribution Curve<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\">3. Understand D-Values<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\">4. Understand the WipFrag Statistics<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\">5. Read the Histogram and Size Classes<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\">6. Use the Specification Envelope<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\">7. Review Particle Size Visually<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\">8. Interpret Particle Shape and Colour Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\">9. Combine and Compare Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\">10. Calibration, Fines and Measurement Limits<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\">11. Turn WipFrag Results Into Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\">12. Spatial Results for UAV Analysis<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\">13. Export and Record Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\">WipFrag Results Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:columns {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"60%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:60%\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-13-export-and-record-results\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-13-export-and-record-results\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">13. Export and Record Results<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipFrag results can be exported for reporting, analysis, and record keeping.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Available output formats include:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>PDF:<\/strong>&nbsp; formatted report or chart output.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>PNG:<\/strong>&nbsp; image output for presentations, reports, or documentation.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>CSV:<\/strong>&nbsp; numerical result data for use in spreadsheets, databases, or other analysis tools.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>ANA:&nbsp;<\/strong> the WipFrag analysis file, preserving the analysis for later use or sharing.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For projects containing merged analyses, individual ANA export is NOT available as a single project file.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"40%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:40%\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":11029,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-default\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-style-default\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Export-Options.png\" alt=\"The export options for WipFrag analysis data.\" class=\"wp-image-11029\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"60%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:60%\"><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-keep-enough-context-with-the-result\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-keep-enough-context-with-the-result\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Keep enough context with the result<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>When results will be compared later, retain information such as:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>sample or project name;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>date;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>location;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>material or source;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>operating condition;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>capture method;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>relevant process or blast settings; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>any other information needed to understand what the result represents.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use clear and consistent naming when results will become part of a longer-term monitoring program.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A PSD without its sampling and operating context can be difficult to interpret later.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"40%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:40%\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":11030,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"className\":\"is-style-default\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-style-default\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-PDF-Report-Preview.png\" alt=\"PDF report preview from WipFrag\" class=\"wp-image-11030\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\">1. Start With the WipFrag Chart<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\">2. Read the Particle Size Distribution Curve<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\">3. Understand D-Values<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\">4. Understand the WipFrag Statistics<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\">5. Read the Histogram and Size Classes<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\">6. Use the Specification Envelope<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\">7. Review Particle Size Visually<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\">8. Interpret Particle Shape and Colour Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\">9. Combine and Compare Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\">10. Calibration, Fines and Measurement Limits<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\">11. Turn WipFrag Results Into Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\">12. Spatial Results for UAV Analysis<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\">13. Export and Record Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\">WipFrag Results Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">WipFrag Results Quick Reference<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-start-with-the-curve\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-start-with-the-curve\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Start With the Curve<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>What material or sample does this result represent?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>What decision am I trying to make?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Is the PSD generally where I expected it to be?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Is there a defined target, baseline, or previous result for comparison?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-check-the-key-sizes\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-check-the-key-sizes\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Check the Key Sizes<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>D50:<\/strong> 50% passing size.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>D80:<\/strong> 80% passing size.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Other D-values<\/strong> \u2013 Use the percentile that matters to the application.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong><em>Xc<\/em>:<\/strong>&nbsp; Rosin-Rammler characteristic size; equivalent to D63.2.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong><em>X50<\/em>:<\/strong> Swebrec 50% passing size; equivalent to D50.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong><em>Xmax<\/em>:<\/strong>&nbsp; Largest particle measured \/ Swebrec maximum size.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-check-the-distribution\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-check-the-distribution\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Check the Distribution<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong><em>n<\/em>:<\/strong>&nbsp; Is the distribution becoming narrower or broader?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Histogram:<\/strong> &nbsp;Which size ranges contain the material?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Histogram width:&nbsp;<\/strong> Is the distribution concentrated or spread across a wide size range?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Fine \/ coarse tails:&nbsp;<\/strong> Is significant material present at either end?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Percentage Passing:&nbsp;<\/strong> How much is below the operational threshold?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Percentage Retained:&nbsp;<\/strong> How much lies within the selected size ranges?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-check-oversize\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-check-oversize\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Check Oversize<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>What size defines oversize for this application?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>What percentage is above that threshold?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>How many individual particles exceed the threshold?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Are those particles isolated or widespread?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Have the largest particles been delineated correctly?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-check-other-measurements\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-check-other-measurements\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Check Other Measurements<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Sphericity:<\/strong>&nbsp; Has apparent particle shape changed?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Sphericity through the histogram:<\/strong>&nbsp; Does shape vary by particle size?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Colour ID:<\/strong>&nbsp; Has the user-defined colour proportion changed?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Coverage \/ Particles:<\/strong>&nbsp; Do the supporting analysis statistics make sense?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-check-against-the-target\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-check-against-the-target\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Check Against the Target<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Is a specification envelope available?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Where does the curve meet or leave the target range?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Is the difference at the fine, middle, or coarse end?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-check-the-measurement\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-check-the-measurement\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Check the Measurement<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Were the images representative?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Were the important particle sizes visible?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Should several analyses be merged?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Is this a relative comparison or does it need calibration?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Is suitable sieve data available if calibration is required?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Does the result need to be compared with process, geological, or blast data?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-look-for-trends\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-look-for-trends\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Look for Trends<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Is there a baseline for normal operation?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Is this result outside normal variation?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Is the change persistent across several analyses?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Were the samples collected using a comparable method?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-record-the-result\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-record-the-result\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Record the Result<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Export the required PDF, PNG, CSV, or ANA file.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Keep the sample identity and operating context with the result.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Use consistent naming for future comparison.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<style>\n\/* =========================================================\n   MOBILE LAYOUT\n   DO column stacks above AVOID column.\n   Desktop\/tablet layout remains side-by-side.\n   ========================================================= *\/\n\n@media (max-width: 600px) {\n\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table {\n        display: block;\n        width: 100%;\n        border-collapse: separate;\n    }\n\n    \/* Hide desktop header *\/\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table thead {\n        display: none;\n    }\n\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tbody,\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tr {\n        display: block;\n        width: 100%;\n    }\n\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table td {\n        display: block;\n        width: 100% !important;\n        box-sizing: border-box;\n        padding: 12px 16px !important;\n        font-size: 16px !important;\n        line-height: 1.45;\n    }\n\n    \/* Remove desktop centre divider *\/\n    #general-do-avoid .do-column {\n        border-right: none !important;\n    }\n\n    \/* Mobile DO header *\/\n    #general-do-avoid .do-column::before {\n        content: \"WIPFRAG RESULTS \u2013 DO\";\n        display: block;\n        margin: -12px -16px 12px -16px;\n        padding: 9px 16px;\n        background-color: #00b050;\n        color: #ffffff;\n        font-size: 20px;\n        font-weight: bold;\n        text-align: center;\n        border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n    }\n\n    \/* Thick divider before AVOID section *\/\n    #general-do-avoid .avoid-column {\n        border-top: 3pt solid #000000;\n    }\n\n    \/* Mobile AVOID header *\/\n    #general-do-avoid .avoid-column::before {\n        content: \"WIPFRAG RESULTS \u2013 AVOID\";\n        display: block;\n        margin: -12px -16px 12px -16px;\n        padding: 9px 16px;\n        background-color: #ee0000;\n        color: #ffffff;\n        font-size: 20px;\n        font-weight: bold;\n        text-align: center;\n        border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n    }\n}\n<\/style>\n\n\n<div id=\"general-do-avoid\">\n\n<table class=\"do-avoid-table\" style=\"\n    width:100%;\n    border-collapse:collapse;\n    border:3pt solid #000000;\n    font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n\n    <!-- =====================================================\n         HEADER ROW\n         ===================================================== -->\n    <thead>\n        <tr>\n            <th style=\"\n                width:50%;\n                background-color:#00b050;\n                color:#ffffff;\n                font-size:22px;\n                font-weight:bold;\n                text-align:center;\n                padding:12px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n                border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                WIPFRAG RESULTS \u2013 DO\n            <\/th>\n\n            <th style=\"\n                width:50%;\n                background-color:#ee0000;\n                color:#ffffff;\n                font-size:22px;\n                font-weight:bold;\n                text-align:center;\n                padding:12px 16px;\n                border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                WIPFRAG RESULTS \u2013 AVOID\n            <\/th>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/thead>\n\n\n    <!-- =====================================================\n         SINGLE CONTENT ROW\n         ===================================================== -->\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n\n            <!-- =================================================\n                 DO COLUMN\n                 Add\/remove DO items here.\n                 ================================================= -->\n            <td class=\"do-column\" style=\"\n                width:50%;\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n                vertical-align:top;\n            \">\n\n                <!-- ===== DO 1 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Start with the operational or technical question.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== DO 2 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Read the full PSD curve, NOT only one statistic.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== DO 3 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use D-values that are meaningful to the application.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== DO 4 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use percentage passing at real process thresholds.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== DO 5 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use the histogram to understand individual size ranges.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== DO 6 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Look at both the centre and tails of the distribution.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== DO 7 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use <i>n<\/i> when distribution uniformity matters.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== DO 8 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use the specification envelope when defined targets are available.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== DO 9 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use Edit Assist when individual oversize particles matter.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== DO 10 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use Block Colours to relate numerical sizes back to the image.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== DO 11 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Compare results collected using consistent sampling methods.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== DO 12 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Build a baseline before drawing conclusions from normal variation.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== DO 13 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Merge analyses that represent the same intended sample population.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== DO 14 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Keep sampling and operating context with exported results.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== DO 15 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use calibration when suitable reference data are available.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== DO 16 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Review the original image whenever a result appears unusual.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n            <\/td>\n\n\n            <!-- =================================================\n                 AVOID COLUMN\n                 Add\/remove AVOID items here.\n                 ================================================= -->\n            <td class=\"avoid-column\" style=\"\n                width:50%;\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                vertical-align:top;\n            \">\n\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 1 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Treating smaller particle size as automatically better.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 2 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Considering D50 as an arithmetic mean.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 3 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Using one D-value to describe every aspect of the PSD.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 4 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Using <i>Xmax<\/i> alone to describe oversize.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 5 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Confusing particle count with percentage of material.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 6 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Assuming a narrow distribution is always preferable.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 7 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Treating sphericity as a universal quality score.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 8 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Assuming a PSD explains why a process changed.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 9 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Comparing results without considering how the samples were captured.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 10 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Merging fundamentally different samples into one result.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 11 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Over-interpreting particles near or below the image resolution.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 12 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Using calibration to compensate for unrepresentative sampling.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 13 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Treating Block Colours or GIS heatmaps as good\/bad indicators without an application target.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 14 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Treating Colour ID as chemical or material identification without application-specific validation.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n            <\/td>\n\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n\n<\/table>\n\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                MORE INFORMATION\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                For image capture, sampling, and scaling guidance, refer to the <b><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipfrag-image-capture-and-sampling-guide\/\">Image Capture and Sampling Guide<\/a>.<\/b> For all software controls and configurations refer to the latest <b><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=6685\">WipFrag User Manual<\/a>.<\/b>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\",\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"center\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\">1. Start With the WipFrag Chart<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\">2. Read the Particle Size Distribution Curve<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\">3. Understand D-Values<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\">4. Understand the WipFrag Statistics<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\">5. Read the Histogram and Size Classes<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\">6. Use the Specification Envelope<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\">7. Review Particle Size Visually<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\">8. Interpret Particle Shape and Colour Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\">9. Combine and Compare Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\">10. Calibration, Fines and Measurement Limits<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\">11. Turn WipFrag Results Into Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\">12. Spatial Results for UAV Analysis<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\">13. Export and Record Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\">WipFrag Results Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:buttons {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons\"><!-- wp:button -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=11046\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PDF \u2b73<\/a><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:button --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:buttons --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator {\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-thick\",\"anchor\":\"h-related-articles\"} -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator aligncenter has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-thick\" id=\"h-related-articles\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->","post_title":"Results Interpretation Guide","post_excerpt":"A practical guide to understanding particle size distribution, shape and WipFrag analysis results","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"wipfrag-results-interpretation-guide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2026-10-09 15:19:11","post_modified_gmt":"2026-10-09 19:19:11","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=10998","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"4","filter":"raw"},{"ID":10847,"post_author":"20","post_date":"2026-10-02 14:15:03","post_date_gmt":"2026-10-02 18:15:03","post_content":"<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"width\":\"100%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\" style=\"flex-basis:100%\"><!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"space-between\",\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:post-excerpt {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fill\",\"flexSize\":null},\"typography\":{\"fontStyle\":\"italic\",\"fontWeight\":\"700\"}}} \/-->\n\n<!-- wp:buttons {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons\"><!-- wp:button -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=10974\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PDF \u2b73<\/a><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:button --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:buttons --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"20px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"20px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:yoast-seo\/table-of-contents {\"level\":3,\"maxHeadingLevel\":2} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-yoast-seo-table-of-contents yoast-table-of-contents\"><h3>Contents<\/h3><ul><li><a href=\"#h-introduction-to-blastcast\" data-level=\"2\">Introduction to BlastCast<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-1-before-you-begin\" data-level=\"2\">1. Before You Begin<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-2-calibrate-blastcast-to-your-current-blast\" data-level=\"2\">2. Calibrate BlastCast to Your Current Blast<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-3-test-changes-to-blast-parameters\" data-level=\"2\">3. Test Changes to Blast Parameters<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-4-blastcast-parameters-explained\" data-level=\"2\">4. BlastCast Parameters Explained<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-5-using-and-interpreting-the-prediction\" data-level=\"2\">5. Using and Interpreting the Prediction<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-blastcast-quick-reference\" data-level=\"2\">BlastCast Quick Reference<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:yoast-seo\/table-of-contents -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-introduction-to-blastcast\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-introduction-to-blastcast\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Introduction to BlastCast<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>BlastCast is a <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/wipfrag\/\" data-type=\"products\" data-id=\"36\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">WipFrag<\/a> tool for comparing measured fragmentation with a predicted particle size distribution based on blast design and loading parameters.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The basic workflow is:  <strong>Measure &nbsp;&nbsp;\u2192&nbsp; &nbsp;Calibrate &nbsp;&nbsp;\u2192&nbsp; &nbsp;Predict<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>First, analyze the fragmentation from a completed surface blast in WipFrag. Enter the parameters that were actually used for that blast and use them to calibrate the Rock Factor. Once calibrated, keep the Rock Factor fixed and adjust the controllable blast parameters to see how the predicted particle size distribution changes.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>BlastCast displays two curves:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item {\"style\":{\"elements\":{\"link\":{\"color\":{\"text\":\"var:preset|color|vivid-cyan-blue\"}}}},\"textColor\":\"vivid-cyan-blue\"} -->\n<li class=\"has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color has-link-color\"><strong>Blue \u2013 Measured Fragmentation<\/strong>:  The particle size distribution measured from the completed blast in WipFrag.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item {\"style\":{\"elements\":{\"link\":{\"color\":{\"text\":\"var:preset|color|vivid-red\"}}}},\"textColor\":\"vivid-red\"} -->\n<li class=\"has-vivid-red-color has-text-color has-link-color\"><strong>Red \u2013 Predicted Fragmentation<\/strong>:  The particle size distribution calculated by BlastCast from the current model inputs.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Changing the blast parameters moves the predicted curve. Your measured WipFrag result remains the reference. For help reading the measured PSD, D-values and other standard WipFrag results, refer to the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipfrag-results-interpretation-guide\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"10998\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Results Interpretation Guide<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":10909,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/WipFrag-BlastCast-Red-Blue-Curves-Labelled-1024x610.png\" alt=\"A BlastCast chart in WipFrag with the blue measured curve and red predicted curve labelled\" class=\"wp-image-10909\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-what-blastcast-is-for\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-what-blastcast-is-for\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">What BlastCast is for<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use BlastCast to:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>compare predicted fragmentation with measured surface blast results;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>calibrate the prediction to local rock conditions;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>explore changes to burden, spacing, hole diameter, explosives, and other blast parameters; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>compare possible blast scenarios before applying changes in the field.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>BlastCast is a prediction and comparison tool. It does NOT replace blast design procedures, engineering judgement, site standards, or the requirements of qualified blasting personnel.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                REMEMBER\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                <b>BlastCast is designed for surface blasts.<\/b> It can NOT be used to predict fragmentation for underground blasts.\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#top\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#top\">Top of Page<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-introduction-to-blastcast\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-introduction-to-blastcast\">Introduction to BlastCast<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-before-you-begin\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-before-you-begin\">1. Before You Begin<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-calibrate-blastcast-to-your-current-blast\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-calibrate-blastcast-to-your-current-blast\">2. Calibrate BlastCast to Your Current Blast<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-test-changes-to-blast-parameters\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-test-changes-to-blast-parameters\">3. Test Changes to Blast Parameters<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-blastcast-parameters-explained\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-blastcast-parameters-explained\">4. BlastCast Parameters Explained<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-using-and-interpreting-the-prediction\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-using-and-interpreting-the-prediction\">5. Using and Interpreting the Prediction<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-blastcast-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-blastcast-quick-reference\">BlastCast Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-1-before-you-begin\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-1-before-you-begin\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Before You Begin<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>BlastCast works best when it starts with a representative WipFrag analysis and reliable information about the blast that produced it.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Before opening BlastCast, have the following ready:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>A completed WipFrag fragmentation analysis<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Use representative images from the blast and complete the analysis as normal<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list --><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>The actual blast parameters<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">Use the values that were used in the completed blast \u2014 NOT planned values that differ from what was actually drilled or loaded<\/span><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>You will need:<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Bench Height<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Burden<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Spacing<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Hole Diameter<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Drill Accuracy<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Relative Weight Strength<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Explosive Density<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list --><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list --><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>BlastCast will use these values together with the measured fragmentation to establish the Rock Factor for the model.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                REMEMBER\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                <b>Calibrate from what actually happened.<\/b> The measured fragmentation and the blast parameters entered into BlastCast should describe the same blast.\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-use-reliable-source-values\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-use-reliable-source-values\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Use reliable source values<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use drill and blast records wherever possible.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For explosive properties such as Relative Weight Strength and Density, use the applicable manufacturer's technical data rather than estimating the values.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":10911,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Blast-Records-Specifications-BlastCast-1024x234.png\" alt=\"WipFrag results + blast records + explosives specifications = BlastCast results\" class=\"wp-image-10911\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#top\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#top\">Top of Page<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-introduction-to-blastcast\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-introduction-to-blastcast\">Introduction to BlastCast<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-before-you-begin\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-before-you-begin\">1. Before You Begin<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-calibrate-blastcast-to-your-current-blast\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-calibrate-blastcast-to-your-current-blast\">2. Calibrate BlastCast to Your Current Blast<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-test-changes-to-blast-parameters\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-test-changes-to-blast-parameters\">3. Test Changes to Blast Parameters<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-blastcast-parameters-explained\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-blastcast-parameters-explained\">4. BlastCast Parameters Explained<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-using-and-interpreting-the-prediction\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-using-and-interpreting-the-prediction\">5. Using and Interpreting the Prediction<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-blastcast-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-blastcast-quick-reference\">BlastCast Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-2-calibrate-blastcast-to-your-current-blast\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-2-calibrate-blastcast-to-your-current-blast\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Calibrate BlastCast to Your Current Blast<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Calibration connects the BlastCast prediction model to the fragmentation actually produced by your blast.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>On the completed WipFrag analysis card, <strong>right-click<\/strong> or <strong>tap and hold<\/strong> the chart, then select <strong>BlastCast<\/strong> from the chart options.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The analysis will switch to the BlastCast view, where the measured fragmentation curve can be compared with the prediction.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":10912,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Open-BlastCast-Chart-1024x616.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10912\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-step-1-select-your-units\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-step-1-select-your-units\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 1 - <strong>Select your units<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Set BlastCast to the measurement system used for your blast records. Use Metric for metric units or Imperial \/ OFF for imperial units.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-step-2-enable-auto-rock-factor\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-step-2-enable-auto-rock-factor\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 2 - <strong>Enable Auto Rock Factor<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Turn Auto <strong>ON<\/strong> for the Rock Factor <strong><em>before<\/em><\/strong> entering the current blast parameters. Auto Rock Factor allows BlastCast to determine the Rock Factor that brings the prediction into alignment with the measured WipFrag result at X50 (the particle size at which 50% of the measured material passes).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":10913,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-BlastCast-Open-Parameters.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10913\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-step-3-enter-the-actual-blast-parameters\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-step-3-enter-the-actual-blast-parameters\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 3 - <strong>Enter the actual blast parameters<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Enter the values used for the completed blast:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Bench Height<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Burden<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Spacing<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Diameter<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Drill Accuracy<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Relative Weight Strength<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Density<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use the sliders or available value controls to match the actual blast.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>As the inputs change, BlastCast updates the predicted curve and recalculates the Rock Factor.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":10914,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-BlastCast-Blast-Parameters.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10914\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-step-4-check-the-calibration\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-step-4-check-the-calibration\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 4 - Check the calibration<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Once the actual blast parameters have been entered, compare the predicted red curve with the measured blue curve.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":10915,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/BlastCast-Chart-Results-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10915\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-step-5-lock-the-rock-factor\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-step-5-lock-the-rock-factor\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 5 - Lock the Rock Factor<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":10916,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"className\":\"is-style-default\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-style-default\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/BlastCast-Auto-Rock-Factor-Off.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10916\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>When the current blast has been entered and calibrated, turn the Rock Factor Auto setting <strong>OFF<\/strong>. This locks the calibrated Rock Factor.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Do NOT continue recalibrating Rock Factor while testing design changes. The purpose of the next step is to hold the rock condition constant while changing the controllable blast inputs.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                CALIBRATION COMPLETE\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                You now have a BlastCast model tied to the measured fragmentation and conditions of the completed blast.\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#top\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#top\">Top of Page<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-introduction-to-blastcast\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-introduction-to-blastcast\">Introduction to BlastCast<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-before-you-begin\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-before-you-begin\">1. Before You Begin<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-calibrate-blastcast-to-your-current-blast\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-calibrate-blastcast-to-your-current-blast\">2. Calibrate BlastCast to Your Current Blast<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-test-changes-to-blast-parameters\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-test-changes-to-blast-parameters\">3. Test Changes to Blast Parameters<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-blastcast-parameters-explained\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-blastcast-parameters-explained\">4. BlastCast Parameters Explained<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-using-and-interpreting-the-prediction\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-using-and-interpreting-the-prediction\">5. Using and Interpreting the Prediction<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-blastcast-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-blastcast-quick-reference\">BlastCast Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-3-test-changes-to-blast-parameters\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-3-test-changes-to-blast-parameters\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Test Changes to Blast Parameters<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Once Rock Factor has been calibrated and locked, use BlastCast to explore how changes to controllable parameters affect the predicted fragmentation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-adjust-a-parameter-and-watch-the-red-prediction-curve\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-adjust-a-parameter-and-watch-the-red-prediction-curve\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Adjust a parameter and watch the red prediction curve<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The blue measured curve stays in place as the reference from the completed blast.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-start-with-one-change-at-a-time\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-start-with-one-change-at-a-time\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Start with one change at a time<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>When learning how a parameter affects the prediction, change one input at a time.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example:  <strong>Current Spacing&nbsp; &nbsp;\u2192 &nbsp;&nbsp;Adjust Spacing&nbsp; &nbsp;\u2192 &nbsp;&nbsp;Compare Prediction<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This makes it easier to see which parameter caused the change in the predicted PSD.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Once you understand the individual effects, combinations of realistic changes can be tested together.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":10918,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/BlastCast-Parameter-Change-Comparison-1024x339.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10918\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-compare-against-the-result-you-want\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-compare-against-the-result-you-want\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Compare against the result you want<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Do NOT judge the prediction only by whether the entire curve moves finer or coarser.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Consider the particle sizes that matter to the operation, such as:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>desired D50 or D80;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>maximum acceptable fragment size;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>crusher feed requirements;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>oversize limits; or<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>another operational PSD target.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>BlastCast is most useful when the simulation is tied to a specific operational objective rather than simply trying to make fragmentation \u201csmaller.\u201d<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-keep-rock-factor-fixed\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-keep-rock-factor-fixed\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Keep Rock Factor fixed<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>If the purpose is to compare blast designs under the same rock conditions, leave the calibrated Rock Factor unchanged while testing the other parameters.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>If the rock mass changes materially, do NOT assume that a Rock Factor calibrated in one geological condition automatically represents another. Recalibrate using a representative measured blast from the new conditions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#top\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#top\">Top of Page<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-introduction-to-blastcast\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-introduction-to-blastcast\">Introduction to BlastCast<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-before-you-begin\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-before-you-begin\">1. Before You Begin<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-calibrate-blastcast-to-your-current-blast\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-calibrate-blastcast-to-your-current-blast\">2. Calibrate BlastCast to Your Current Blast<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-test-changes-to-blast-parameters\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-test-changes-to-blast-parameters\">3. Test Changes to Blast Parameters<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-blastcast-parameters-explained\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-blastcast-parameters-explained\">4. BlastCast Parameters Explained<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-using-and-interpreting-the-prediction\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-using-and-interpreting-the-prediction\">5. Using and Interpreting the Prediction<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-blastcast-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-blastcast-quick-reference\">BlastCast Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-4-blastcast-parameters-explained\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-4-blastcast-parameters-explained\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. BlastCast Parameters Explained<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:table {\"hasFixedLayout\":false} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Parameter<\/th><th>Description<\/th><th>What to enter in BlastCast<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong><em>Bench Height<\/em><\/strong><\/td><td>Vertical height from bench floor to crest.<\/td><td>Actual bench height for the blast.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong><em>Burden<\/em><\/strong><\/td><td>Distance from a blasthole to the nearest free face; for interior rows, generally the row-to-row distance.<\/td><td>Actual burden used.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong><em>Spacing<\/em><\/strong><\/td><td>Distance between adjacent blastholes in the same row.<\/td><td>Actual hole spacing used.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong><em>Hole Diameter<\/em><\/strong><\/td><td>Nominal diameter of the blasthole.<\/td><td>Hole diameter used for the blast.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong><em>Drill Accuracy<\/em><\/strong><\/td><td>Represents deviation from the intended hole position, alignment and trajectory.<\/td><td>A representative value for the drilling accuracy achieved.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong><em>Relative Weight Strength<\/em><\/strong><\/td><td>Explosive energy per unit mass relative to ANFO = 100.<\/td><td>Manufacturer's RWS value.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong><em>Explosive Density<\/em><\/strong><\/td><td>Mass of explosive per unit volume.<\/td><td>Loaded density in g\/cm\u00b3 or equivalent.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong><em>Rock Factor<\/em><\/strong><\/td><td>Calibrated parameter representing the influence of the rock mass on fragmentation.<\/td><td>Auto-calibrate from the measured blast, then lock.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:table -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":10919,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/BlastCast-Blast-Parameters-Diagram.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10919\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                IMPORTANT\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                <b>Rock Factor is NOT simply another design slider.<\/b> It represents the rock conditions against which the blast model is being calibrated.\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#top\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#top\">Top of Page<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-introduction-to-blastcast\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-introduction-to-blastcast\">Introduction to BlastCast<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-before-you-begin\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-before-you-begin\">1. Before You Begin<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-calibrate-blastcast-to-your-current-blast\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-calibrate-blastcast-to-your-current-blast\">2. Calibrate BlastCast to Your Current Blast<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-test-changes-to-blast-parameters\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-test-changes-to-blast-parameters\">3. Test Changes to Blast Parameters<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-blastcast-parameters-explained\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-blastcast-parameters-explained\">4. BlastCast Parameters Explained<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-using-and-interpreting-the-prediction\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-using-and-interpreting-the-prediction\">5. Using and Interpreting the Prediction<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-blastcast-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-blastcast-quick-reference\">BlastCast Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-5-using-and-interpreting-the-prediction\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-5-using-and-interpreting-the-prediction\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Using and Interpreting the Prediction<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":10921,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/BlastCast-Parameter-Change-Comparison-2-1024x555.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10921\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>BlastCast is most useful as a comparison tool.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The red curve does NOT represent a measured future result. It represents the fragmentation predicted by the model from the parameters currently entered.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use the prediction to compare scenarios and understand the direction and scale of the modeled change.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-a-practical-workflow\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-a-practical-workflow\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">A practical workflow<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Baseline: <\/strong>Start with the completed blast and calibrated Rock Factor.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Change: <\/strong>Adjust one or more realistic blast parameters.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Compare: <\/strong>Watch how the predicted curve changes relative to the measured baseline.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Evaluate: <\/strong>Check the particle sizes or portions of the PSD that matter to your operation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Refine: <\/strong>Test another realistic scenario if required.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Verify: <\/strong>After the next blast, analyze the actual fragmentation with WipFrag and compare the measured result with the prediction.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>That final step is important. BlastCast should be part of a continuous cycle.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":10920,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/BlastCast-Continuous-Improvement-Cycle-1005x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10920\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#top\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#top\">Top of Page<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-introduction-to-blastcast\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-introduction-to-blastcast\">Introduction to BlastCast<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-before-you-begin\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-before-you-begin\">1. Before You Begin<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-calibrate-blastcast-to-your-current-blast\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-calibrate-blastcast-to-your-current-blast\">2. Calibrate BlastCast to Your Current Blast<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-test-changes-to-blast-parameters\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-test-changes-to-blast-parameters\">3. Test Changes to Blast Parameters<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-blastcast-parameters-explained\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-blastcast-parameters-explained\">4. BlastCast Parameters Explained<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-using-and-interpreting-the-prediction\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-using-and-interpreting-the-prediction\">5. Using and Interpreting the Prediction<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-blastcast-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-blastcast-quick-reference\">BlastCast Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-blastcast-quick-reference\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-blastcast-quick-reference\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">BlastCast Quick Reference<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-before-calibration\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-before-calibration\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Before calibration<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Complete the WipFrag fragmentation analysis.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Confirm the analysis represents the blast being modeled.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Gather the actual drill and blast parameters.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Confirm the explosive RWS and Density.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Select the correct units.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-calibrate\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-calibrate\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Calibrate<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Open BlastCast.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Enable Auto Rock Factor.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Enter the current blast parameters.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Confirm the measured and predicted curves.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Allow Rock Factor to calibrate at X50.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Turn Auto Rock Factor off to lock the value.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-predict\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-predict\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Predict<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Keep Rock Factor fixed.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Adjust the parameter you want to investigate.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Review the change in the red prediction curve.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Compare the predicted PSD with the operational target.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Record the scenario being considered.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-after-the-next-blast\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-after-the-next-blast\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">After the next blast<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Analyze the resulting fragmentation in WipFrag.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Compare the measured result with the prediction.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Recalibrate when appropriate before testing the next design.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<style>\n\/* =========================================================\n   MOBILE LAYOUT\n   All DO items stack first, followed by all AVOID items.\n   Desktop\/tablet layout is unaffected.\n   ========================================================= *\/\n\n@media (max-width: 600px) {\n\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table {\n        display: block;\n        width: 100%;\n        border-collapse: separate;\n    }\n\n    \/* Hide the original two-column header *\/\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table thead {\n        display: none;\n    }\n\n    \/*\n     * Flatten the table rows so the cells can be reordered.\n     * This allows every DO cell to appear before every AVOID cell.\n     *\/\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tbody {\n        display: flex;\n        flex-direction: column;\n        width: 100%;\n    }\n\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tr {\n        display: contents;\n    }\n\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table td {\n        display: block;\n        width: 100% !important;\n        box-sizing: border-box;\n        padding: 12px 16px !important;\n        font-size: 16px !important;\n        line-height: 1.45;\n    }\n\n    \/* All DO cells first *\/\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table td:first-child {\n        order: 1;\n        border-right: none !important;\n    }\n\n    \/* All AVOID cells second *\/\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table td:last-child {\n        order: 2;\n    }\n\n    \/* Mobile DO header *\/\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tr:first-child td:first-child::before {\n        content: \"BLASTCAST \u2013 DO\";\n        display: block;\n        margin: -12px -16px 12px -16px;\n        padding: 9px 16px;\n        background-color: #00b050;\n        color: #ffffff;\n        font-size: 20px;\n        font-weight: bold;\n        text-align: center;\n        border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n    }\n\n    \/* Thick divider before AVOID section *\/\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tr:first-child td:last-child {\n        border-top: 3pt solid #000000;\n    }\n\n    \/* Mobile AVOID header *\/\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tr:first-child td:last-child::before {\n        content: \"BLASTCAST \u2013 AVOID\";\n        display: block;\n        margin: -12px -16px 12px -16px;\n        padding: 9px 16px;\n        background-color: #ee0000;\n        color: #ffffff;\n        font-size: 20px;\n        font-weight: bold;\n        text-align: center;\n        border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n    }\n}\n<\/style>\n\n\n<div id=\"general-do-avoid\">\n\n<table class=\"do-avoid-table\" style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #000000;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n\n    <!-- =====================================================\n         HEADER\n         ===================================================== -->\n    <thead>\n        <tr>\n            <th style=\"\n                width: 50%;\n                background-color: #00b050;\n                color: #ffffff;\n                font-size: 22px;\n                font-weight: bold;\n                text-align: center;\n                padding: 12px 16px;\n                border-right: 3pt solid #000000;\n                border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                BLASTCAST \u2013 DO\n            <\/th>\n\n            <th style=\"\n                width: 50%;\n                background-color: #ee0000;\n                color: #ffffff;\n                font-size: 22px;\n                font-weight: bold;\n                text-align: center;\n                padding: 12px 16px;\n                border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                BLASTCAST \u2013 AVOID\n            <\/th>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/thead>\n\n\n    <!-- =====================================================\n         CONTENT\n         ===================================================== -->\n    <tbody>\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 1 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 1 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Start with a completed, representative WipFrag analysis.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 1 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Calibrating from fragmentation and parameters belonging to different blasts.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 2 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 2 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use the actual parameters from the blast being analyzed.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 2 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Guessing blast inputs when actual records are available.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 3 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 3 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use manufacturer data for explosive properties.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 3 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Changing Rock Factor while also testing design parameters.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 4 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 4 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Enable Auto Rock Factor while calibrating the baseline.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 4 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Treating the prediction curve as a measured result.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 5 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 5 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Lock Rock Factor after calibration.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 5 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Assuming one calibrated Rock Factor represents every geological condition.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 6 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 6 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Change one parameter at a time when learning its effect.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 6 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Changing several parameters at once when you are trying to understand the effect of one.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 7 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 7 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Test combinations only when they represent realistic blast scenarios.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 7 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Optimizing solely for \u201csmaller\u201d fragmentation without considering downstream requirements.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 8 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 8 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Compare predictions against operationally relevant particle sizes.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 8 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Using BlastCast as a replacement for qualified blast design and site procedures.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 9 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 9 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Recalibrate when working in materially different rock conditions.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:0px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:0px 0px;\n            \">\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <!-- ==================== ROW 10 ==================== -->\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 10 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Measure the next blast and compare the actual result with the prediction.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:0px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:0px 0px;\n            \">\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"50px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                MORE INFORMATION\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                For detailed WipFrag software controls and the technical basis of the prediction model, refer to the latest <b><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=6685\">WipFrag User Manual<\/a><\/b> and the <b>KCO Blast Model<\/b> document available within BlastCast.\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\",\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"center\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#top\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#top\">Top of Page<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-introduction-to-blastcast\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-introduction-to-blastcast\">Introduction to BlastCast<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-before-you-begin\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-before-you-begin\">1. Before You Begin<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-calibrate-blastcast-to-your-current-blast\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-calibrate-blastcast-to-your-current-blast\">2. Calibrate BlastCast to Your Current Blast<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-test-changes-to-blast-parameters\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-test-changes-to-blast-parameters\">3. Test Changes to Blast Parameters<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-blastcast-parameters-explained\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-blastcast-parameters-explained\">4. BlastCast Parameters Explained<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-using-and-interpreting-the-prediction\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-using-and-interpreting-the-prediction\">5. Using and Interpreting the Prediction<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-blastcast-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-blastcast-quick-reference\">BlastCast Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:buttons {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons\"><!-- wp:button -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=10974\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PDF \u2b73<\/a><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:button --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:buttons --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator {\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-thick\",\"anchor\":\"h-related-articles\"} -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator aligncenter has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-thick\" id=\"h-related-articles\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->","post_title":"BlastCast Guide","post_excerpt":"Using WipFrag\u2019s BlastCast to predict fragmentation and optimize blasts","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"blastcast-guide","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipfrag-results-interpretation-guide\/","post_modified":"2026-10-15 17:01:40","post_modified_gmt":"2026-10-15 21:01:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=10847","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"2","filter":"raw"},{"ID":7938,"post_author":"6","post_date":"2025-04-25 12:51:15","post_date_gmt":"2025-04-25 16:51:15","post_content":"<!-- wp:paragraph {\"anchor\":\"h-\"} -->\n<p id=\"h-\">In crushing and mineral processing, particle size distribution (PSD) is an important measure of how material behaves as it moves through an operation. One of the most widely used indicators is <strong>P80<\/strong>, which describes the particle size at which 80% of the material passes.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>P80 helps engineers evaluate crushing and grinding performance, establish product size targets, and understand how material characteristics change between processing stages. However, it is only one part of the particle size distribution, and its usefulness depends on how it is measured and applied.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-what-is-p80\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-what-is-p80\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">What Is P80?<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>P80 is the particle size at which 80% of the material passes, typically expressed as a percentage of mass.<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, if crushed ore has a P80 of 120 mm:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Approximately 80% of the material, by mass, is smaller than 120 mm.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Approximately 20% is larger than 120 mm.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A smaller P80 generally indicates a finer material distribution, while a larger P80 indicates a coarser distribution.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>P80 is determined from the cumulative particle size distribution curve, which shows the percentage of material passing at different particle sizes.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-p80-f80-and-d80-what-s-the-difference\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-p80-f80-and-d80-what-s-the-difference\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">P80, F80, and D80: What's the Difference?<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These terms describe closely related measurements, but they are commonly used in different contexts.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:table {\"hasFixedLayout\":false} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><th>Term<\/th><th>Meaning<\/th><th>Common application<\/th><\/tr><tr><td><strong>P80<\/strong><\/td><td>80% passing size of a process <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>p<\/strong><\/span>roduct<\/td><td>Crusher or grinding circuit output<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>F80<\/strong><\/td><td>80% passing size of a process <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>f<\/strong><\/span>eed<\/td><td>Material entering a crusher or grinding mill<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>D80<\/strong><\/td><td>80% passing size of a particle size <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>d<\/strong><\/span>istribution<\/td><td>General fragmentation analysis and material characterization<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:table -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, if material enters a crusher with an F80 of 300 mm and leaves with a P80 of 75 mm, the 80% passing size has decreased by a factor of four.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipWare's <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/wipfrag\/\"><strong>WipFrag<\/strong><\/a> software generally reports percentile sizes using D-values, including D50, D80, and D95. D80 represents the same percentile as P80, although comparisons between measurement methods must account for their sampling and analysis approaches.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For more information on reading D-values and particle size distribution curves, see the <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipfrag-results-interpretation-guide\/\"><strong>WipFrag Results Interpretation Guide<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-how-is-p80-determined\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-how-is-p80-determined\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">How Is P80 Determined?<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>P80 is obtained from a particle size distribution. The measurement method depends on the material, particle sizes, and operating conditions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-sieve-analysis\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-sieve-analysis\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sieve Analysis<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>In conventional sieve analysis, a representative material sample is passed through a series of sieves with progressively smaller openings.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The material retained at each size is weighed, and the cumulative percentage passing is calculated. P80 is the size corresponding to 80% passing on the resulting distribution.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Sieve analysis provides a direct mass-based measurement but may require material collection, handling, and laboratory processing.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-image-based-particle-size-analysis\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-image-based-particle-size-analysis\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Image-Based Particle Size Analysis<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Image-based methods estimate particle size distributions by identifying and measuring particles visible in digital images.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipWare technologies support several measurement approaches:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/wipfrag\/\"><strong>WipFrag<\/strong><\/a> analyzes photographs collected in the field, laboratory, underground, or by UAV.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/reflex\/\"><strong>Reflex<\/strong><\/a> provides automated measurements of vehicle loads or material during discharge.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/solo\/\"><strong>Solo<\/strong><\/a> provides repeated measurements of material moving on conveyors and process lines.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The Complete configurations of Solo and Reflex provide PSD measurements, while their Basic configurations focus on maximum particle size and colour monitoring.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Unlike physical sieving, optical measurements are derived from visible particles and associated size-estimation methods. Particles that are buried, obscured, or too small to resolve cannot be directly measured from the image.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Where appropriate, calibration and representative physical sampling can help relate optical results to the overall material distribution.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-why-is-p80-important-in-crushing-and-mineral-processing\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-why-is-p80-important-in-crushing-and-mineral-processing\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why Is P80 Important in Crushing and Mineral Processing?<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":7939,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/On-Spec-Blast-1024x623.jpg\" alt=\"Chart showing PSD analysis\ncrushing and grinding, mineral processing\" class=\"wp-image-7939\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-1-crusher-performance-and-product-size-control\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-1-crusher-performance-and-product-size-control\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Crusher Performance and Product Size Control<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Crushers are designed to reduce material to sizes suitable for downstream equipment.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Monitoring P80 can help operations evaluate whether crusher output is becoming coarser or finer, compare performance under different operating conditions, and assess the effect of changes to crusher settings.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, a change in P80 following an adjustment to a crusher's closed-side setting (CSS) may indicate a change in product size.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>However, P80 alone does not establish whether material is suitable for the next process. A relatively small proportion of oversized particles may still cause problems even when the overall P80 meets its target.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Maximum particle size, higher percentile sizes, and the percentage of material above specific thresholds may therefore be equally important.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-2-grinding-circuit-efficiency\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-2-grinding-circuit-efficiency\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Grinding Circuit Efficiency<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>In grinding circuits, the relationship between feed size and product size helps determine the energy required for size reduction.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A common expression of this relationship is the Bond equation:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>W = 10 \u00d7 Wi \u00d7 (1\/\u221aP80 \u2212 1\/\u221aF80)<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Where:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>W<\/strong> is the estimated specific energy required, typically in kWh\/t.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Wi<\/strong> is the Bond Work Index.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>F80<\/strong> is the 80% passing size of the feed.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>P80<\/strong> is the 80% passing size of the product.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>In the conventional form of the equation, F80 and P80 are expressed in micrometres (\u00b5m).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The Bond Work Index is determined through standardized testing or other appropriate characterization methods; it is not calculated from F80 and P80 alone. The equation provides an estimate of grinding energy requirements, and practical applications may require additional correction factors.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The accuracy of grinding energy estimates also depends on the Bond Work Index used. Sample preparation, particle size, and testing methodology can influence its determination. Nikoli\u0107 and Trumi\u0107 (2021) examined these considerations for finer samples, highlighting the importance of appropriate methods when determining the Bond Work Index.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Generally, producing a finer product from the same feed requires additional grinding energy. The objective is therefore not always to minimize P80, but to achieve the particle size needed for the subsequent process without unnecessary energy consumption.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-3-mineral-liberation-and-recovery\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-3-mineral-liberation-and-recovery\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Mineral Liberation and Recovery<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Many mineral processing operations require valuable minerals to be sufficiently liberated from surrounding material before separation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>If grinding produces material that is too coarse, valuable minerals may remain locked within larger particles. If material is ground more finely than necessary, additional energy is consumed, and excessive fines may create problems for some separation processes.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The appropriate P80 depends on the ore's mineralogy, liberation characteristics, and downstream processing requirements.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>P80 provides a useful operating reference, but it does not directly measure mineral liberation or recovery.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-4-crusher-feed-compatibility-and-throughput\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-4-crusher-feed-compatibility-and-throughput\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Crusher Feed Compatibility and Throughput<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Material entering each processing stage must be suitable for the equipment receiving it.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Coarse or highly variable feed can affect crusher loading, throughput, and equipment performance. Conversely, excessive fines or material outside the preferred feed distribution can also influence how effectively equipment operates.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Monitoring feed size distributions helps identify changing conditions before they become persistent processing problems.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>P80 is useful for tracking the general coarseness of the feed, while additional PSD measurements can help identify problematic oversize or fines.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-5-process-control-and-optimization\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-5-process-control-and-optimization\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Process Control and Optimization<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Repeated particle size measurements can help operations understand whether material is remaining within an acceptable operating range.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Depending on the process, the information may support:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Evaluation of crusher setting adjustments.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Monitoring of crusher feed and discharge conditions.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Identification of changes in screening performance.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Assessment of grinding circuit feed variability.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Comparison of material from different sources or operating periods.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For suitable conveyor applications, <strong>Solo Complete<\/strong> provides automated PSD measurements that can be used to monitor P80 and other particle size indicators as material moves through the process.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For an explanation of how fragmentation measurements can be applied across multiple processing stages, see <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/evaluating-rock-comminution-from-pre-blast-to-post-blast-and-through-mineral-processing\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>From Blast to Mill: Using Fragmentation Data to Improve Mining Performance<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Published studies have also examined how particle size measurements relate to crusher productivity, grinding performance, and process stability. For practical examples of these applications, see <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipware-fragmentation-monitoring-case-studies\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"11349\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">WipWare Case Studies: Fragmentation and Process Monitoring<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-how-does-p80-change-between-process-stages\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-how-does-p80-change-between-process-stages\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">How Does P80 Change Between Process Stages?<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>P80 can be measured at several locations within a crushing and grinding circuit, but there is no universal target for every stage.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:table -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><th>Process stage<\/th><th>How P80 can be used<\/th><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Primary crushing<\/strong><\/td><td>Evaluate coarse product size and changes in crusher performance<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Secondary crushing<\/strong><\/td><td>Monitor additional size reduction and downstream feed consistency<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Tertiary crushing<\/strong><\/td><td>Assess finer product size and compliance with process requirements<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Grinding mill feed<\/strong><\/td><td>Characterize incoming material and changes in feed size<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Grinding circuit product<\/strong><\/td><td>Evaluate whether the material has reached the required fineness for downstream processing<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:table -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The appropriate size range depends on equipment design, material properties, and the intended product.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Just as importantly, the measurement technology must be suitable for the relevant particle sizes.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, automated optical analysis of coarse material on a conveyor has different measurement requirements from evaluating a finely ground product containing particles measured in micrometres.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>See <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/understanding-size-ranges-in-conveyor-belt-analysis\/\"><strong>Understanding Size Ranges in Conveyor Belt Analysis<\/strong><\/a> for an explanation of how field of view, camera resolution, and installation geometry influence detectable particle sizes.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":7940,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Solo-6-frame-564x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Conveyor analysis system over a conveyor belt\ncrushing and grinding\nmineral processing\" class=\"wp-image-7940\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-factors-that-influence-p80\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-factors-that-influence-p80\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Factors That Influence P80<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Particle size distribution can change for many reasons, including variations in the material itself and adjustments to the process.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Important influences include rock hardness and geological characteristics, blast fragmentation, crusher settings, equipment wear, feed rate, screening performance, and operating conditions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For mining operations, variation can begin before material enters the processing plant. Changes in geology or blasting conditions may influence the size distribution delivered to the primary crusher.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Our guide to <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\"><strong>Understanding Rock Blasting and Fragmentation<\/strong><\/a> explores the conditions and blast-design variables that influence the initial fragmentation of rock.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Because these factors can interact, a change in P80 should be treated as an indication that the material distribution has changed\u2014not automatic proof of a particular cause.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-why-p80-should-not-be-used-alone\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-why-p80-should-not-be-used-alone\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why P80 Should Not Be Used Alone<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Although P80 is an important measurement, two materials with the same P80 can have substantially different particle size distributions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>One may contain more fines, while another may have a greater concentration of oversized particles.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For more complete process evaluation, P80 can be considered alongside:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Other percentile sizes<\/strong>, such as D50 or D95.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Maximum particle size<\/strong>, especially where oversize presents a risk.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Percentage passing or retained at a defined size<\/strong>, such as a screen opening or process threshold.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>The complete PSD curve<\/strong>, including changes in distribution shape.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Specification envelopes<\/strong>, where the process has defined acceptable particle size limits.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The appropriate combination depends on what the operation needs to control.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, a crusher may require a maximum feed size limit in addition to an acceptable P80 range. A grinding circuit may need to monitor both overall feed coarseness and changes in fines content.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The most useful measurements are those that connect directly to an operational decision.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-conclusion\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-conclusion\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>P80 provides a practical way to describe and compare particle size distributions throughout crushing and mineral processing.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>It helps operations evaluate size reduction, establish process targets, monitor material variability, and understand the relationship between feed characteristics and downstream requirements.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>However, an appropriate P80 is not necessarily the smallest achievable value. It is the value that supports the requirements of the process.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>When combined with other PSD measurements, representative sampling, and relevant operating information, P80 becomes a more useful indicator of process performance.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipWare provides tools for measuring particle size distribution through field analysis, vehicle monitoring, and automated conveyor measurement.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Explore our <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/\"><strong>measurement technologies<\/strong><\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/contact\/\"><strong>contact WipWare<\/strong><\/a> to discuss the particle size measurements most relevant to your operation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-references\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-references\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">References<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Nikoli\u0107, V., &amp; Trumi\u0107, M. (2021). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mineng.2021.106858\">A new approach to the calculation of Bond work index for finer samples<\/a>. <em>Minerals Engineering, 165<\/em>, 106858.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->","post_title":"Understanding P80 in Crushing and Material Processing","post_excerpt":"Understand what P80 means, how it is determined, and why this important particle size measurement is used to evaluate crushing, grinding, and mineral processing performance.","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"understanding-p80-in-crushing-and-material-processing","to_ping":"","pinged":"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/understanding-size-ranges-in-conveyor-belt-analysis\/\nhttps:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipfrag-results-interpretation-guide\/\nhttps:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/evaluating-rock-comminution-from-pre-blast-to-post-blast-and-through-mineral-processing\/\nhttps:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipware-fragmentation-monitoring-case-studies\/","post_modified":"2026-10-21 15:50:50","post_modified_gmt":"2026-10-21 19:50:50","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=7938","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"3","filter":"raw"},{"ID":11197,"post_author":"20","post_date":"2026-10-15 16:47:38","post_date_gmt":"2026-10-15 20:47:38","post_content":"<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"width\":\"100%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\" style=\"flex-basis:100%\"><!-- wp:post-excerpt {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fill\",\"flexSize\":null},\"typography\":{\"fontStyle\":\"italic\",\"fontWeight\":\"700\"}}} \/-->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"20px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"20px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns\"><!-- wp:column {\"width\":\"100%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\" style=\"flex-basis:100%\"><!-- wp:yoast-seo\/table-of-contents {\"maxHeadingLevel\":2} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-yoast-seo-table-of-contents yoast-table-of-contents\"><h2>Table of contents<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"#h-1-how-explosive-blasting-breaks-rock\" data-level=\"2\">1. How Explosive Blasting Breaks Rock<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-2-rock-properties-and-geological-influences\" data-level=\"2\">2. Rock Properties and Geological Influences<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-3-understanding-blast-geometry\" data-level=\"2\">3. Understanding Blast Geometry<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-4-explosive-energy-distribution-and-confinement\" data-level=\"2\">4. Explosive Energy Distribution and Confinement<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-5-how-excessive-burden-affects-fragmentation\" data-level=\"2\">5. How Excessive Burden Affects Fragmentation<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-6-drilling-accuracy-and-blast-execution\" data-level=\"2\">6. Drilling Accuracy and Blast Execution<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-7-what-determines-successful-blast-fragmentation\" data-level=\"2\">7. What Determines Successful Blast Fragmentation?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-8-measuring-and-evaluating-blast-fragmentation\" data-level=\"2\">8. Measuring and Evaluating Blast Fragmentation<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-9-from-fragmentation-measurement-to-blast-optimization\" data-level=\"2\">9. From Fragmentation Measurement to Blast Optimization<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-conclusion\" data-level=\"2\">Conclusion<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-references\" data-level=\"2\">References<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:yoast-seo\/table-of-contents --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Rock blasting is an essential part of mining, quarrying, and construction. By using explosives to break large volumes of rock into manageable fragments, operations can excavate, transport, crush, and process material more efficiently.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>However, successful blasting involves more than simply breaking rock. The resulting fragmentation must also meet the requirements of the equipment and processes that follow. Material that is too coarse may cause problems during loading or crushing, while excessive fines can introduce other handling and processing challenges.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The size and distribution of rock fragments depend on several interconnected factors, including rock properties, explosive characteristics, blast geometry, drilling accuracy, and initiation timing.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Understanding these relationships, and measuring the results, provides the foundation for improving blasting performance.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-1-how-explosive-blasting-breaks-rock\">1. How Explosive Blasting Breaks Rock<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-2-rock-properties-and-geological-influences\">2. Rock Properties and Geological Influences<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-3-understanding-blast-geometry\">3. Understanding Blast Geometry<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-4-explosive-energy-distribution-and-confinement\">4. Explosive Energy Distribution and Confinement<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-5-how-excessive-burden-affects-fragmentation\">5. How Excessive Burden Affects Fragmentation<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-6-drilling-accuracy-and-blast-execution\">6. Drilling Accuracy and Blast Execution<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-7-what-determines-successful-blast-fragmentation\">7. What Determines Successful Blast Fragmentation?<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-8-measuring-and-evaluating-blast-fragmentation\">8. Measuring and Evaluating Blast Fragmentation<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-9-from-fragmentation-measurement-to-blast-optimization\">9. From Fragmentation Measurement to Blast Optimization<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-references\">References<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-1-how-explosive-blasting-breaks-rock\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-1-how-explosive-blasting-breaks-rock\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. How Explosive Blasting Breaks Rock<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>When an explosive charge detonates inside a blasthole, it releases energy that generates intense pressure and stress waves in the surrounding rock.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The interaction between these forces, expanding explosive gases, and the physical properties of the rock causes fractures to develop and fragments to separate.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Rock breakage is generally understood as a combination of several mechanisms.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:gallery {\"linkTo\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":7355,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/5-Figure2-1.png\" alt=\"sketch showing blasthole and joint fissures and damage bound\" class=\"wp-image-7355\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":7357,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Crushed-and-cracked-zones-around-the-explosion-point_W640.jpg\" alt=\"Sketch shows crushed zone from an explosion\" class=\"wp-image-7357\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-caption wp-element-caption\"><em>Diagrams from Shadab Far et al., 2019<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:gallery -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-shock-waves-and-initial-fracturing\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-shock-waves-and-initial-fracturing\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Shock Waves and Initial Fracturing<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Detonation generates a high-pressure shock wave that travels outward from the blasthole.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Immediately surrounding the charge, pressure can exceed the rock's compressive strength, creating a relatively small crushed zone. Beyond this zone, the shock wave weakens into a stress wave that travels through the surrounding rock mass.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These stresses can initiate new fractures, extend existing cracks, and weaken the rock structure.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The extent of fracturing depends on the characteristics of the explosive, the strength and structure of the rock, and how the energy travels through the material.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-tensile-fracturing-and-free-faces\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-tensile-fracturing-and-free-faces\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tensile Fracturing and Free Faces<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Although rock can withstand considerable compressive stress, it is generally much weaker under tension.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>When a compressive stress wave reaches a free face, such as the exposed wall of a quarry bench, part of the wave reflects as a tensile wave.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>If the resulting tensile stress exceeds the rock's tensile strength, fractures can develop.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This mechanism can contribute to <em>spalling<\/em>, where layers of rock separate near a free surface.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Early research by Hino (1956) described how reflected stress waves could contribute to successive layers of fracture formation. This helped establish an important part of the theoretical understanding of explosive rock breakage.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>However, tensile-wave reflection is only one mechanism involved in blasting. Existing joints, bedding planes, expanding gases, and rock movement also play important roles in determining the final fragmentation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-expanding-gases-and-rock-movement\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-expanding-gases-and-rock-movement\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Expanding Gases and Rock Movement<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Following detonation, high-pressure explosive gases can enter fractures and force them farther apart.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>As these fractures expand, portions of the rock mass separate and begin moving toward available free faces.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Additional breakage may occur as rock fragments bend, separate, collide, and interact with surrounding material.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The combined action of stress waves, gas pressure, and rock movement determines how effectively the rock mass breaks apart.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>The important distinction is that blasting must accomplish two things: fracture the rock and provide sufficient movement for the fragments to separate.<\/strong> A blast can generate extensive cracking yet still produce poor results if the rock is too confined to move effectively.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-1-how-explosive-blasting-breaks-rock\">1. How Explosive Blasting Breaks Rock<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-2-rock-properties-and-geological-influences\">2. Rock Properties and Geological Influences<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-3-understanding-blast-geometry\">3. Understanding Blast Geometry<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-4-explosive-energy-distribution-and-confinement\">4. Explosive Energy Distribution and Confinement<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-5-how-excessive-burden-affects-fragmentation\">5. How Excessive Burden Affects Fragmentation<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-6-drilling-accuracy-and-blast-execution\">6. Drilling Accuracy and Blast Execution<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-7-what-determines-successful-blast-fragmentation\">7. What Determines Successful Blast Fragmentation?<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-8-measuring-and-evaluating-blast-fragmentation\">8. Measuring and Evaluating Blast Fragmentation<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-9-from-fragmentation-measurement-to-blast-optimization\">9. From Fragmentation Measurement to Blast Optimization<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-references\">References<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-2-rock-properties-and-geological-influences\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-2-rock-properties-and-geological-influences\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Rock Properties and Geological Influences<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The characteristics of the rock mass strongly influence blasting performance.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Two blasts using similar drilling patterns and explosive loading can produce very different fragmentation when the geological conditions change.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-rock-strength-and-density\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-rock-strength-and-density\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Rock Strength and Density<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Rock strength influences the stresses required to initiate and extend fractures.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Stronger rock may resist breakage more effectively, while differences in density and elastic properties affect how stress waves propagate through the material.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These properties must be considered alongside the explosive energy and geometry of the blast.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-joints-faults-and-bedding-planes\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-joints-faults-and-bedding-planes\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Joints, Faults, and Bedding Planes<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Most rock masses contain natural discontinuities, including joints, faults, fractures, and bedding planes.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These features influence how the rock breaks because they form existing boundaries or weaknesses within the material.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>In some cases, discontinuities assist fragmentation by providing surfaces along which the rock can separate.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>In others, their spacing, orientation, or condition can contribute to large blocks, uneven fragmentation, or undesirable rock movement.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, widely spaced joints may allow large sections of rock to remain intact even when the surrounding material fractures more extensively.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-geological-variability\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-geological-variability\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Geological Variability<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Geological conditions are rarely uniform across an entire blast.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Changes in rock strength, weathering, joint spacing, and structural orientation can produce different fragmentation results within the same drilling pattern.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This variability is important when evaluating blasting performance. An area containing large fragments may indicate a design or drilling problem, but it may also reflect differences in the rock itself.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Understanding the rock mass before blasting helps establish realistic expectations and provides valuable context when reviewing the results.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-characterizing-rock-structure-with-wipjoint\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-characterizing-rock-structure-with-wipjoint\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Characterizing Rock Structure with WipJoint<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>To better understand geological conditions before blasting, WipFrag includes <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipjoint-guide\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"10940\">WipJoint<\/a><\/strong>, a tool for characterizing rock structure from photographs of exposed rock faces. WipJoint measures apparent joint orientation, spacing, and persistence, along with estimated Rock Quality Designation (RQD) and apparent in-situ block size.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These measurements help identify variations in rock structure across a bench or excavation, providing valuable context when evaluating blast performance. By comparing pre-blast rock characteristics with post-blast fragmentation, operations can better distinguish the influence of geological conditions from blast design and execution.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-1-how-explosive-blasting-breaks-rock\">1. How Explosive Blasting Breaks Rock<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-2-rock-properties-and-geological-influences\">2. Rock Properties and Geological Influences<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-3-understanding-blast-geometry\">3. Understanding Blast Geometry<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-4-explosive-energy-distribution-and-confinement\">4. Explosive Energy Distribution and Confinement<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-5-how-excessive-burden-affects-fragmentation\">5. How Excessive Burden Affects Fragmentation<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-6-drilling-accuracy-and-blast-execution\">6. Drilling Accuracy and Blast Execution<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-7-what-determines-successful-blast-fragmentation\">7. What Determines Successful Blast Fragmentation?<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-8-measuring-and-evaluating-blast-fragmentation\">8. Measuring and Evaluating Blast Fragmentation<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-9-from-fragmentation-measurement-to-blast-optimization\">9. From Fragmentation Measurement to Blast Optimization<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-references\">References<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-3-understanding-blast-geometry\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-3-understanding-blast-geometry\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Understanding Blast Geometry<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Blast geometry describes how blastholes are positioned relative to one another, the rock mass, and available free faces.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Several parameters work together to determine how effectively explosive energy is distributed and how the rock can fracture and move.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":11198,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Blast-Bench-Diagram.png\" alt=\"Diagram of surface blasting variables\" class=\"wp-image-11198\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-burden-and-spacing\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-burden-and-spacing\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Burden and Spacing<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Burden<\/strong> is the distance between a blasthole and the nearest effective free face, measured in the intended direction of rock movement.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For the first row of a bench blast, this generally refers to the distance from the blasthole to the exposed bench face.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For subsequent rows, burden is associated with the distance to the preceding row or effective free face as the blast progresses.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Spacing<\/strong> is the distance between adjacent blastholes within a row.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Together, burden and spacing influence the volume of rock assigned to each blasthole and how the effects of neighbouring charges interact.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>If burden or spacing is excessive, some sections of rock may not fracture or move as intended. If they are insufficient, undesirable energy concentrations or excessive displacement may occur.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The objective is to establish a suitable relationship between the rock volume, explosive energy, available relief, and desired fragmentation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-bench-height\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-bench-height\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Bench Height<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Bench height is the vertical distance between the upper and lower working levels of a bench.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>It influences blast geometry, the length of the blastholes, and the movement of the broken rock.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>One commonly used geometric consideration is the <strong>burden stiffness ratio<\/strong>, expressed as bench height divided by burden.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This relationship helps describe the proportions of a bench relative to the rock mass that must move toward the free face.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Relatively low stiffness ratios can indicate more difficult conditions for effective rock movement and fragmentation, while higher ratios may offer more favourable relief under suitable conditions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>However, the ratio is not a universal predictor of fragmentation quality. Geological conditions, drilling accuracy, explosive distribution, and initiation timing remain important.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-blasthole-diameter\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-blasthole-diameter\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Blasthole Diameter<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Blasthole diameter influences the amount of explosive that can be placed within a hole and how that energy is distributed through the surrounding rock.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Larger holes generally accommodate greater explosive quantities per unit length, but this does not automatically produce better fragmentation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Hole diameter must be considered alongside burden, spacing, bench height, rock properties, and the requirements of the operation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-subdrilling-and-toe-breakage\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-subdrilling-and-toe-breakage\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Subdrilling and Toe Breakage<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The <em>toe<\/em> is the rock near the bottom of a bench that must be broken to achieve the intended excavation level.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>In some blast designs, blastholes extend below the planned excavation floor. This additional depth is known as <strong>subdrilling<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Its purpose is to help provide adequate breakage near the toe, where rock movement may be particularly restricted.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Insufficient toe breakage can leave hard, unbroken rock that interferes with excavation and subsequent bench preparation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>However, the appropriate amount of subdrilling depends on geological conditions and the overall blast design. Excessive subdrilling can also create unwanted damage below the intended excavation level.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Blast geometry must therefore be evaluated as a connected system rather than a collection of independent measurements.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-1-how-explosive-blasting-breaks-rock\">1. How Explosive Blasting Breaks Rock<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-2-rock-properties-and-geological-influences\">2. Rock Properties and Geological Influences<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-3-understanding-blast-geometry\">3. Understanding Blast Geometry<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-4-explosive-energy-distribution-and-confinement\">4. Explosive Energy Distribution and Confinement<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-5-how-excessive-burden-affects-fragmentation\">5. How Excessive Burden Affects Fragmentation<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-6-drilling-accuracy-and-blast-execution\">6. Drilling Accuracy and Blast Execution<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-7-what-determines-successful-blast-fragmentation\">7. What Determines Successful Blast Fragmentation?<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-8-measuring-and-evaluating-blast-fragmentation\">8. Measuring and Evaluating Blast Fragmentation<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-9-from-fragmentation-measurement-to-blast-optimization\">9. From Fragmentation Measurement to Blast Optimization<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-references\">References<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-4-explosive-energy-distribution-and-confinement\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-4-explosive-energy-distribution-and-confinement\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Explosive Energy Distribution and Confinement<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The amount of explosive energy used in a blast is important, but its distribution within the rock mass is equally significant.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>More explosive energy does not necessarily result in better fragmentation. The objective is to apply energy effectively to the material being broken.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-explosive-characteristics\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-explosive-characteristics\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Explosive Characteristics<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Different explosives produce different pressure profiles, detonation characteristics, and energy outputs.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The interaction between these properties and the surrounding rock influences fracture development and rock movement.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Selecting suitable explosives requires consideration of rock properties, blasthole conditions, desired fragmentation, and the overall blast design.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A related design measure is <strong>powder factor<\/strong>, which expresses the quantity of explosive relative to the amount of rock being blasted, commonly by mass or volume.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Powder factor is useful for comparing explosive consumption, but it does not describe how effectively that energy is distributed.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Two blasts with similar powder factors may produce different fragmentation because of differences in geometry, geology, loading distribution, and initiation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-charge-distribution\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-charge-distribution\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Charge Distribution<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The explosive charge may not be distributed uniformly along the entire length of a blasthole.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Different portions of the rock mass can present different breakage requirements, particularly where confinement or geological conditions vary.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The distribution of explosive energy along the hole can therefore influence fragmentation at different elevations within the bench.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>An important consideration is the lower portion of the charge, often called the <strong>bottom charge<\/strong>, which contributes to breaking rock near the toe.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Poor energy distribution near the bottom of the bench can contribute to inadequate toe breakage, while inappropriate loading elsewhere can produce unwanted fragmentation or rock movement.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The objective is to distribute energy according to the requirements of the rock mass and the blast design.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-stemming-and-confinement\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-stemming-and-confinement\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Stemming and Confinement<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Stemming is the inert material placed in the upper portion of a blasthole above the explosive charge.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Its purpose is to help confine the explosive gases long enough for their energy to contribute to rock breakage and movement.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The effectiveness of stemming depends on its properties, placement, and the surrounding blast conditions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Insufficient confinement can allow energy to escape prematurely, potentially reducing the energy available for fragmentation and contributing to undesirable blast effects.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Stemming is therefore an important part of the overall energy distribution and confinement strategy, rather than simply material used to fill the top of a hole.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-initiation-timing-and-burden-relief\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-initiation-timing-and-burden-relief\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Initiation Timing and Burden Relief<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The sequence and timing of detonation influence how neighbouring charges interact and how rock movement develops during the blast.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>As a row of blastholes detonates, the surrounding rock requires time to respond and begin moving. That movement can provide additional relief for subsequent rows.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>If the intended relief has not developed sufficiently, later detonations may encounter more confinement than anticipated.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Research by Onederra and Esen (2003) examined this relationship using the concept of <em>minimum response time<\/em>: the interval between detonation and the beginning of meaningful burden movement.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The concept illustrates why initiation timing cannot be considered independently of burden, explosive properties, and rock response.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Effective blast sequencing supports the intended progression of rock breakage and movement, helping achieve more consistent fragmentation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-1-how-explosive-blasting-breaks-rock\">1. How Explosive Blasting Breaks Rock<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-2-rock-properties-and-geological-influences\">2. Rock Properties and Geological Influences<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-3-understanding-blast-geometry\">3. Understanding Blast Geometry<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-4-explosive-energy-distribution-and-confinement\">4. Explosive Energy Distribution and Confinement<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-5-how-excessive-burden-affects-fragmentation\">5. How Excessive Burden Affects Fragmentation<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-6-drilling-accuracy-and-blast-execution\">6. Drilling Accuracy and Blast Execution<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-7-what-determines-successful-blast-fragmentation\">7. What Determines Successful Blast Fragmentation?<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-8-measuring-and-evaluating-blast-fragmentation\">8. Measuring and Evaluating Blast Fragmentation<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-9-from-fragmentation-measurement-to-blast-optimization\">9. From Fragmentation Measurement to Blast Optimization<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-references\">References<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-5-how-excessive-burden-affects-fragmentation\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-5-how-excessive-burden-affects-fragmentation\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. How Excessive Burden Affects Fragmentation<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Burden is one of the most influential geometric factors in bench blasting because it affects both the resistance to rock breakage and the movement required to separate the fragments.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Excessive burden occurs when the rock mass assigned to a blasthole presents too much resistance for the available explosive energy and blast conditions to produce the intended result.<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This may reflect an unsuitable original design or differences between the planned and actual blasthole geometry.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-incomplete-fragmentation-and-oversize\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-incomplete-fragmentation-and-oversize\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Incomplete Fragmentation and Oversize<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>When burden is excessive, the rock may not fracture and separate as intended.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Large fragments, slabs, or partially broken sections can remain, producing a coarser particle size distribution than expected.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These oversized fragments may require secondary breaking or create problems during excavation, hauling, and crushing.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-restricted-rock-movement\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-restricted-rock-movement\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Restricted Rock Movement<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Blasting requires sufficient space for broken rock to move and separate.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Excessive burden can restrict this movement, creating tightly packed muckpiles or preventing sections of rock from obtaining the intended relief.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Restricted movement can also affect later rows in the blast by limiting the free faces available to them.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-ground-vibration-and-other-blast-effects\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-ground-vibration-and-other-blast-effects\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ground Vibration and Other Blast Effects<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>When rock movement is restricted, some explosive energy may be transmitted into the surrounding ground rather than contributing effectively to fragmentation and displacement.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Under certain conditions, this can contribute to increased ground vibration.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>However, vibration, flyrock, and air overpressure are influenced by multiple interacting variables. Excessive burden should not be treated as the sole explanation for any of these effects.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-downstream-handling-and-processing\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-downstream-handling-and-processing\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Downstream Handling and Processing<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Poor fragmentation can create costs beyond the blast itself.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Oversize material may reduce excavation efficiency, interrupt crusher feeding, or require additional handling before entering the processing circuit.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Even where the material can be processed, inconsistent feed size may create variations in equipment performance.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The importance of burden therefore extends beyond the drilling and blasting operation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-what-happens-when-burden-is-too-small\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-what-happens-when-burden-is-too-small\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">What Happens When Burden Is Too Small?<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Insufficient burden creates a different set of challenges.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Where too little rock separates a blasthole from the free face, excessive or uncontrolled movement may occur, depending on the other blast conditions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This can contribute to flyrock, overbreak, or undesirable fragmentation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The objective is not to minimize burden, but to establish a suitable relationship between burden, explosive energy, rock properties, and the intended blast outcome.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-research-burden-and-fragment-size\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-research-burden-and-fragment-size\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Research: Burden and Fragment Size<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Prasad, Choudhary, and Mishra (2017) examined the influence of blast design parameters on fragmentation at a surface mining operation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Their research considered factors including burden, stemming, and powder factor, using measured fragment sizes to evaluate the resulting blast performance.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The observations illustrate how changes in blast geometry and explosive loading can be associated with changes in fragmentation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The original WipWare discussion highlighted results suggesting that larger burden distances were associated with coarser fragmentation under the conditions examined.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>However, this relationship should not be treated as a universal rule.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The effect of burden depends on the surrounding blast design and geological conditions. A change that produces coarser fragmentation at one operation may produce a different result elsewhere.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For this reason, measured fragmentation and actual blast records provide a more useful basis for evaluating burden than relying on generalized design ratios alone.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-1-how-explosive-blasting-breaks-rock\">1. How Explosive Blasting Breaks Rock<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-2-rock-properties-and-geological-influences\">2. Rock Properties and Geological Influences<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-3-understanding-blast-geometry\">3. Understanding Blast Geometry<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-4-explosive-energy-distribution-and-confinement\">4. Explosive Energy Distribution and Confinement<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-5-how-excessive-burden-affects-fragmentation\">5. How Excessive Burden Affects Fragmentation<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-6-drilling-accuracy-and-blast-execution\">6. Drilling Accuracy and Blast Execution<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-7-what-determines-successful-blast-fragmentation\">7. What Determines Successful Blast Fragmentation?<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-8-measuring-and-evaluating-blast-fragmentation\">8. Measuring and Evaluating Blast Fragmentation<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-9-from-fragmentation-measurement-to-blast-optimization\">9. From Fragmentation Measurement to Blast Optimization<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-references\">References<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-6-drilling-accuracy-and-blast-execution\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-6-drilling-accuracy-and-blast-execution\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. Drilling Accuracy and Blast Execution<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Even a well-designed blast can produce inconsistent fragmentation if the blastholes are not drilled according to the intended pattern.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Drilling deviation<\/strong> describes differences between the planned and actual position, direction, or trajectory of a blasthole.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These differences can alter burden, spacing, and explosive energy distribution throughout the rock mass.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":7894,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Blast-2-3D-1024x550.jpg\" alt=\"Overview of blast showing bore holes\" class=\"wp-image-7894\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-how-drilling-deviation-changes-blast-geometry\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-how-drilling-deviation-changes-blast-geometry\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">How Drilling Deviation Changes Blast Geometry<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A blasthole that deviates away from a free face can create greater burden at depth than the original design intended.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Conversely, a hole that deviates toward the free face may reduce the effective burden.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Similar changes can occur in spacing between neighbouring blastholes.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This means a drilling pattern that appears correct at the surface may contain significant geometric variations farther down the holes.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Some areas may consequently receive less effective energy relative to the rock being broken, while others may experience undesirable concentrations.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The resulting fragmentation can become inconsistent across the blast.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-common-sources-of-drilling-inaccuracy\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-common-sources-of-drilling-inaccuracy\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Common Sources of Drilling Inaccuracy<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Several factors can contribute to differences between designed and actual blasthole geometry.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Equipment positioning, drill alignment, drilling conditions, geological structure, and equipment performance can all influence the final hole trajectory.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Operator practices and the accuracy of the initial drilling layout also matter.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The consequences can be particularly significant in deeper blastholes, where small changes in direction may result in larger positional differences near the toe.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-evaluating-drilling-accuracy\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-evaluating-drilling-accuracy\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Evaluating Drilling Accuracy<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Drilling accuracy can be assessed through several complementary measurements.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Collar position<\/strong> identifies differences between the planned and actual starting location of a blasthole.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Hole angle and trajectory<\/strong> describe the direction and path followed by the hole. A hole may begin in the correct position but gradually deviate as drilling progresses.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Toe position<\/strong> identifies the location of the hole's endpoint relative to its intended position. This is particularly useful for evaluating burden and spacing near the bottom of the bench.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Hole length<\/strong> provides information about drilling depth, but a difference in length does not necessarily indicate lateral deviation. A hole may reach the correct depth while following an incorrect trajectory.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Where appropriate, borehole surveys and drilling records help establish the actual geometry of the blast.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Comparing this information with measured fragmentation can reveal relationships between drilling execution and blast performance.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-1-how-explosive-blasting-breaks-rock\">1. How Explosive Blasting Breaks Rock<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-2-rock-properties-and-geological-influences\">2. Rock Properties and Geological Influences<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-3-understanding-blast-geometry\">3. Understanding Blast Geometry<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-4-explosive-energy-distribution-and-confinement\">4. Explosive Energy Distribution and Confinement<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-5-how-excessive-burden-affects-fragmentation\">5. How Excessive Burden Affects Fragmentation<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-6-drilling-accuracy-and-blast-execution\">6. Drilling Accuracy and Blast Execution<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-7-what-determines-successful-blast-fragmentation\">7. What Determines Successful Blast Fragmentation?<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-8-measuring-and-evaluating-blast-fragmentation\">8. Measuring and Evaluating Blast Fragmentation<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-9-from-fragmentation-measurement-to-blast-optimization\">9. From Fragmentation Measurement to Blast Optimization<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-references\">References<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-7-what-determines-successful-blast-fragmentation\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-7-what-determines-successful-blast-fragmentation\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. What Determines Successful Blast Fragmentation?<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The purpose of blast optimization is not simply to produce smaller fragments.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The desired particle size distribution depends on how the material will be excavated, transported, crushed, and processed.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-oversize-material\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-oversize-material\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Oversize Material<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Oversize fragments can create difficulties during loading and hauling and may exceed the acceptable feed size of downstream equipment.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Depending on the operation, oversize may require additional handling, secondary breaking, or adjustments to the material handling process.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-excessive-fines\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-excessive-fines\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Excessive Fines<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Very fine fragmentation is not always desirable.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Although smaller particles can reduce some downstream comminution requirements, excessive fines may contribute to dust, material handling difficulties, or undesirable feed characteristics.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The impact depends on the type of material and processing equipment involved.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-fragmentation-consistency\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-fragmentation-consistency\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Fragmentation Consistency<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Two blasts may produce similar average fragment sizes but have very different particle size distributions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>One may contain a relatively consistent range of fragments, while another contains a mixture of excessive fines and large boulders.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Both could report similar values for an individual size metric, yet perform differently during loading and processing.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For this reason, blast assessment should consider the overall particle size distribution and the portions of that distribution that matter to the operation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The importance of fragmentation extends beyond the blast itself. Particle size distribution can influence loading, haulage, crushing, grinding, and the consistency of downstream operations. Understanding these relationships helps establish meaningful fragmentation targets and connect blasting performance with broader operational objectives.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Explore <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/evaluating-rock-comminution-from-pre-blast-to-post-blast-and-through-mineral-processing\/\"><strong>From Blast to Mill: Using Fragmentation Data to Improve Mining Performance<\/strong><\/a> to learn how particle measurements can support decisions throughout the mining and processing cycle.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-1-how-explosive-blasting-breaks-rock\">1. How Explosive Blasting Breaks Rock<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-2-rock-properties-and-geological-influences\">2. Rock Properties and Geological Influences<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-3-understanding-blast-geometry\">3. Understanding Blast Geometry<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-4-explosive-energy-distribution-and-confinement\">4. Explosive Energy Distribution and Confinement<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-5-how-excessive-burden-affects-fragmentation\">5. How Excessive Burden Affects Fragmentation<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-6-drilling-accuracy-and-blast-execution\">6. Drilling Accuracy and Blast Execution<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-7-what-determines-successful-blast-fragmentation\">7. What Determines Successful Blast Fragmentation?<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-8-measuring-and-evaluating-blast-fragmentation\">8. Measuring and Evaluating Blast Fragmentation<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-9-from-fragmentation-measurement-to-blast-optimization\">9. From Fragmentation Measurement to Blast Optimization<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-references\">References<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-8-measuring-and-evaluating-blast-fragmentation\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-8-measuring-and-evaluating-blast-fragmentation\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">8. Measuring and Evaluating Blast Fragmentation<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Without measurement, evaluating blast performance relies heavily on visual observation and operator experience.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These observations remain valuable, but quantitative fragmentation measurements allow more consistent comparisons between blasts.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-understanding-particle-size-distribution\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-understanding-particle-size-distribution\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Understanding Particle Size Distribution<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Particle size distribution (PSD) describes the relative proportions of different particle sizes within a material sample.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>PSD is commonly presented as a cumulative percent-passing curve, showing the percentage of material smaller than each particle size.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>One frequently used measurement is <strong>P80<\/strong>, the particle size at which 80% of the material passes.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>P80 can help evaluate fragmentation against a target or compare results between blasts, but it cannot describe the complete distribution on its own.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Other measurements, including P50, P95, and the percentages of material within particular size ranges, may also be important.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, an operation concerned about primary crusher blockages may place particular emphasis on the oversize portion of the distribution, while another operation may focus on controlling the amount of material within a specified feed range.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-fragmentation-measurement-with-wipfrag\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-fragmentation-measurement-with-wipfrag\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Fragmentation Measurement with WipFrag<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/wipfrag\/\" data-type=\"products\" data-id=\"36\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">WipFrag<\/a><\/strong> measures fragmentation from photographs of exposed rock, converting visible particle boundaries into quantitative particle size distribution data.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Images can be collected at ground level, underground, from laboratory samples, or using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipFrag allows users to generate PSD curves, evaluate particle size ranges, compare results against specification envelopes, and combine multiple image analyses into a larger sampling program.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>With appropriate UAV imagery, fragmentation can also be evaluated spatially across a blast area, helping identify differences between relatively coarse and fine regions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:gallery {\"linkTo\":\"none\",\"sizeSlug\":\"full\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":11028,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-UAV-GIS-Heatmap.png\" alt=\"A screenshot of WipFrag's GIS feature showing the heatmap of a UAV orthomosaic image analysis.\" class=\"wp-image-11028\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":11015,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Chart-Passing-Retained.png\" alt=\"WipFrag chart results showing percent passing and percent retained.\" class=\"wp-image-11015\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:gallery -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These measurements make it easier to compare the observed fragmentation with operational targets and previous blast results.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>However, photographic analysis has important limitations.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>WipFrag measures material visible in the images.<\/strong> Buried particles and fines obscured beneath larger fragments cannot be measured directly, and the smallest distinguishable particles depend on image quality and resolution.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A representative sampling program is therefore essential, particularly when evaluating large or variable muckpiles.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For further guidance, see the <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipfrag-image-capture-and-sampling-guide\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"10311\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>WipFrag Image Capture and Sampling Guide<\/strong><\/a> and <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipfrag-results-interpretation-guide\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"10998\">WipFrag Results Interpretation Guide<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-can-fragmentation-analysis-identify-blast-design-problems\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-can-fragmentation-analysis-identify-blast-design-problems\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Can Fragmentation Analysis Identify Blast Design Problems?<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Fragmentation measurements can help identify unexpected results and areas that warrant further investigation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, consistently coarse fragmentation may suggest that the burden, spacing, drilling accuracy, geological conditions, or explosive distribution should be reviewed.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Similarly, a spatial fragmentation map may reveal variations across a muckpile that were not apparent from an overall PSD curve.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>However, <strong>fragmentation measurements describe the result, not necessarily its cause<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Oversize material alone does not prove excessive burden, and changes in PSD cannot independently establish that drilling deviation or initiation timing caused the result.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A more complete evaluation requires comparing fragmentation measurements with the corresponding blast design, drilling records, explosive loading information, and geological conditions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-1-how-explosive-blasting-breaks-rock\">1. How Explosive Blasting Breaks Rock<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-2-rock-properties-and-geological-influences\">2. Rock Properties and Geological Influences<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-3-understanding-blast-geometry\">3. Understanding Blast Geometry<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-4-explosive-energy-distribution-and-confinement\">4. Explosive Energy Distribution and Confinement<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-5-how-excessive-burden-affects-fragmentation\">5. How Excessive Burden Affects Fragmentation<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-6-drilling-accuracy-and-blast-execution\">6. Drilling Accuracy and Blast Execution<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-7-what-determines-successful-blast-fragmentation\">7. What Determines Successful Blast Fragmentation?<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-8-measuring-and-evaluating-blast-fragmentation\">8. Measuring and Evaluating Blast Fragmentation<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-9-from-fragmentation-measurement-to-blast-optimization\">9. From Fragmentation Measurement to Blast Optimization<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-references\">References<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-9-from-fragmentation-measurement-to-blast-optimization\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-9-from-fragmentation-measurement-to-blast-optimization\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">9. From Fragmentation Measurement to Blast Optimization<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Improving blasting performance requires a consistent relationship between the intended result, the actual fragmentation, and the conditions that produced it.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A practical approach begins with defining the fragmentation requirements of downstream operations.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These requirements establish the particle sizes and distribution characteristics that matter most to the site.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>After each blast, representative fragmentation measurements can be collected and compared with these targets.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Where results differ from expectations, engineers can review the corresponding design and execution records to identify possible contributing factors.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, if one area of a blast repeatedly produces larger fragments than surrounding areas, the operation can compare that region with drilling records, actual burden distances, and geological observations.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>If the evidence suggests that a particular condition is contributing to the problem, the operation can evaluate appropriate adjustments through its established blast-design process.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Subsequent fragmentation measurements then provide feedback on whether the changes produced the intended result.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-using-blastcast-to-evaluate-potential-changes\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-using-blastcast-to-evaluate-potential-changes\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Using BlastCast to Evaluate Potential Changes<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipFrag also includes <strong><a href=\"\/kb\/blastcast-guide\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"\/kb\/blastcast-guide\/\">BlastCast<\/a><\/strong>, a tool for comparing measured fragmentation with modelled blast results.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>BlastCast uses blast design parameters and explosive characteristics to generate a predicted particle size distribution.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>By calibrating the model's Rock Factor against measured fragmentation from a completed blast, users can establish a baseline for evaluating changes to selected design parameters.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Keeping the calibrated rock conditions consistent allows different scenarios to be compared, helping illustrate how changes in blast geometry or other inputs may influence the predicted PSD.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These predictions are useful for investigating possibilities, but they are not substitutes for qualified blast design or actual performance measurements.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The results of subsequent blasts should be measured and compared with the predictions to assess how well the model represents the operation's conditions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-building-a-consistent-improvement-process\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-building-a-consistent-improvement-process\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Building a Consistent Improvement Process<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Over time, a structured measurement program can help distinguish isolated results from recurring performance patterns.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The value comes from maintaining a consistent relationship between blast records and the resulting fragmentation measurements.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>When these records are evaluated together, operations can better understand which conditions are associated with desirable fragmentation and where further investigation may be worthwhile.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The objective is not to optimize one measurement in isolation, but to achieve fragmentation that supports the performance requirements of the entire operation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:quote -->\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The value of quantitative fragmentation measurement has been demonstrated in published research for decades. Early WipFrag studies at operations including INCO Coleman Mine and Lafarge Exshaw used particle size measurements to evaluate blast-design changes and investigate their effects on downstream operations. Explore these findings in <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/literature-review-application-of-wipware-technology\/\"><strong>WipFrag Case Studies: Research and Real-World Applications<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/blockquote>\n<!-- \/wp:quote --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-1-how-explosive-blasting-breaks-rock\">1. How Explosive Blasting Breaks Rock<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-2-rock-properties-and-geological-influences\">2. Rock Properties and Geological Influences<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-3-understanding-blast-geometry\">3. Understanding Blast Geometry<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-4-explosive-energy-distribution-and-confinement\">4. Explosive Energy Distribution and Confinement<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-5-how-excessive-burden-affects-fragmentation\">5. How Excessive Burden Affects Fragmentation<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-6-drilling-accuracy-and-blast-execution\">6. Drilling Accuracy and Blast Execution<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-7-what-determines-successful-blast-fragmentation\">7. What Determines Successful Blast Fragmentation?<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-8-measuring-and-evaluating-blast-fragmentation\">8. Measuring and Evaluating Blast Fragmentation<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-9-from-fragmentation-measurement-to-blast-optimization\">9. From Fragmentation Measurement to Blast Optimization<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-references\">References<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-conclusion\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-conclusion\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Rock blasting is governed by the interaction of explosive energy, rock properties, blast geometry, drilling accuracy, and rock movement.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Burden, spacing, bench height, explosive distribution, stemming, and initiation timing all influence how the rock fractures and separates. Geological variability and drilling deviation introduce additional complexity, meaning that even similar blast designs can produce different results.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Effective fragmentation is therefore not simply a matter of applying more energy or producing smaller particles. It requires understanding how the rock responds and achieving a particle size distribution appropriate for the operation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>By combining sound blasting practices with representative fragmentation measurements, mining and quarrying operations can evaluate results more consistently, identify opportunities for improvement, and make better-informed decisions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Because you can't manage what you can't measure<\/strong>!<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-references\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-references\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">References<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Hino, K. (1956). <em>Fragmentation of rock through blasting and shock wave theory of blasting.<\/em> ARMA US Rock Mechanics\/Geomechanics Symposium.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Bhandari, S. (1979). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0094-5765(79)90104-8\">On the role of stress waves and quasi-static gas pressure in rock fragmentation by blasting<\/a>. <em>Acta Astronautica<\/em>, 6(3\u20134), 365\u2013383.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Blair, D. P., &amp; Armstrong, L. W. (2001). <em>The influence of burden on blast vibration.<\/em> <em>Fragblast<\/em>, 5(1\u20132), 108\u2013129.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Onederra, I., &amp; Esen, S. (2003). <em>Selection of inter-hole and inter-row timing for surface blasting\u2014An approach based on burden relief analysis.<\/em> Proceedings of the 2nd World Conference on Explosives and Blasting Technique.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Prasad, S., Choudhary, B. S., &amp; Mishra, A. K. (2017). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1757-899X\/225\/1\/012191\">Effect of stemming to burden ratio and powder factor on blast induced rock fragmentation\u2014A case study<\/a>. <em>IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering<\/em>, 225, 012191.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Manzoor, S., et al. (2022). <em>Predicting rock fragmentation based on drill monitoring: A case study from Malmberget mine, Sweden.<\/em> <em>Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy<\/em>, 122(3), 155\u2013165.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\",\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-1-how-explosive-blasting-breaks-rock\">1. How Explosive Blasting Breaks Rock<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-2-rock-properties-and-geological-influences\">2. Rock Properties and Geological Influences<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-3-understanding-blast-geometry\">3. Understanding Blast Geometry<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-4-explosive-energy-distribution-and-confinement\">4. Explosive Energy Distribution and Confinement<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-5-how-excessive-burden-affects-fragmentation\">5. How Excessive Burden Affects Fragmentation<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-6-drilling-accuracy-and-blast-execution\">6. Drilling Accuracy and Blast Execution<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-7-what-determines-successful-blast-fragmentation\">7. What Determines Successful Blast Fragmentation?<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-8-measuring-and-evaluating-blast-fragmentation\">8. Measuring and Evaluating Blast Fragmentation<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-9-from-fragmentation-measurement-to-blast-optimization\">9. From Fragmentation Measurement to Blast Optimization<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197&amp;preview=true&amp;_thumbnail_id=5992#h-references\">References<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator {\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-thick\",\"anchor\":\"h-related-articles\"} -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator aligncenter has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-thick\" id=\"h-related-articles\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->","post_title":"Understanding Rock Blasting and Fragmentation","post_excerpt":"Explore the fundamentals of rock blasting and fragmentation, including explosive energy, burden, spacing, drilling accuracy, and how particle size measurements support blast optimization.","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipjoint-guide\/","post_modified":"2026-10-21 15:42:12","post_modified_gmt":"2026-10-21 19:42:12","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11197","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"4","filter":"raw"},{"ID":411,"post_author":"20","post_date":"2025-07-16 15:38:19","post_date_gmt":"2025-07-16 19:38:19","post_content":"<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>One of the most common questions we receive about automated particle size measurement is, <strong>\"How small can Solo measure?\"<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The answer depends on the material, conveyor dimensions, camera configuration, and installation conditions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>While WipFrag can analyze extremely small particles in suitable microscope images, measuring material moving on industrial conveyors presents different requirements. A system monitoring coarse rock on a wide primary crusher conveyor cannot necessarily resolve the same particle sizes as one installed over a narrower conveyor carrying smaller material.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Understanding these differences helps ensure the measurement system is configured for the particle sizes that matter to your operation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-what-determines-the-detectable-particle-size-range\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-what-determines-the-detectable-particle-size-range\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">What Determines the Detectable Particle Size Range?<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The detectable particle size range is primarily influenced by how much material the camera needs to observe and how much image detail is available within that area.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Several factors are important:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Field of view:<\/strong> The physical area visible to the camera. A wider view captures more material but provides less image detail per unit of material size.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Camera resolution:<\/strong> The number of pixels available to distinguish individual particles. Higher resolution can provide more detail across a given field of view but can also decrease the overall accuracy of particle delineation from excessive detail.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Mounting distance and lens selection:<\/strong> Together, these determine the area captured and the image scale.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Material presentation:<\/strong> Particle overlap, surface visibility, loading depth, and material spread can affect which particles can be distinguished.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Lighting and image quality:<\/strong> Consistent illumination, adequate contrast, and clear images help support reliable particle identification.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Conveyor installations offer several advantages for automated monitoring. The camera can remain in a fixed position, material generally travels along a predictable path, and dedicated lighting can help maintain consistent measurement conditions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>However, every application has its own physical constraints. The appropriate configuration depends on the measurement objective as well as the conveyor itself.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-how-field-of-view-affects-particle-size-measurement\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-how-field-of-view-affects-particle-size-measurement\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">How Field of View Affects Particle Size Measurement<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Field of view is one of the most important considerations when configuring a conveyor analysis system.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":11221,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Wide-vs-Narrow-FOV.png\" alt=\"Field-of-view comparison diagram\" class=\"wp-image-11221\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Conceptual illustration of field-of-view trade-offs. Not to scale; the achievable resolution depends on the actual camera and optics.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A camera observing a larger area must distribute its available image pixels across that wider view. As a result, smaller particles occupy fewer pixels and become more difficult to distinguish individually.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Narrowing the field of view increases the image detail available for smaller particles. However, it also reduces the area covered and may limit the ability to capture large particles completely.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>The goal is NOT simply to achieve the smallest detectable particle size. It is to capture the range of material sizes relevant to the process.<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, detecting oversize material after primary crushing presents different requirements from monitoring particle size distribution on a conveyor feeding a grinding mill.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-example-comparing-two-conveyor-applications\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-example-comparing-two-conveyor-applications\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example: Comparing Two Conveyor Applications<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Consider two operations with different conveyor dimensions and measurement objectives.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:table -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Application<\/th><th>Copper operation<\/th><th>Gold operation<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Conveyor width<\/td><td>3 m (10 ft)<\/td><td>1.2 m (4 ft)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Measurement location<\/td><td>Primary crusher output<\/td><td>SAG mill feed<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Typical measurement focus<\/td><td>Coarser material and oversize<\/td><td>Smaller particles and PSD variability<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Field-of-view considerations<\/td><td>Wider coverage may be required<\/td><td>Narrower coverage may allow greater image detail<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Approximate minimum detectable size*<\/td><td>3.26 mm (just over \u215b in;<br>approximately ASTM E11 No. 6)<\/td><td>1.30 mm (0.051 in;<br>between ASTM E11 No. 14 and No. 16)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Approximate maximum measurable size*<\/td><td>1800 mm (70.9 in)<\/td><td>720 mm (28.3 in)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:table -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>In the copper application, the wider conveyor and material stream require a larger field of view, prioritizing coverage of coarser material and the particle sizes most relevant to crusher performance.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>In the gold application, the narrower material stream allows a smaller field of view, providing greater image detail for distinguishing smaller particles.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>*These theoretical estimates assume the material stream occupies 80% of the conveyor width, with the same camera resolution and measurement criteria applied to both examples. Actual material spread typically ranges from 70% to 85% of conveyor width, while measurable particle sizes also depend on lens selection, mounting geometry, and image quality. Imperial and ASTM E11 sieve references are approximate; sieve designations do not represent exact optical detection limits. Maximum measurable sizes are estimated at 75% of the field-of-view width to allow particles to be captured completely.<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-can-the-detectable-size-range-be-adjusted\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-can-the-detectable-size-range-be-adjusted\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Can the Detectable Size Range Be Adjusted?<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Yes. Several configuration options can help align the measurement system with an application's requirements.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-adjusting-the-field-of-view\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-adjusting-the-field-of-view\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Adjusting the Field of View<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Changing the lens or mounting arrangement can provide a narrower or wider field of view.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A narrower view can improve the ability to distinguish smaller particles, provided the relevant material remains visible. A wider view can improve coverage of the material stream and accommodate larger particles.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These changes involve trade-offs, so the appropriate configuration depends on the measurement objective.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-selecting-the-appropriate-camera-configuration\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-selecting-the-appropriate-camera-configuration\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Selecting the Appropriate Camera Configuration<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Image resolution influences how much detail is available across the measurement area.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Camera and lens selection should be evaluated together, since higher resolution alone does NOT overcome poor lighting, obscured particles, or unsuitable installation geometry.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipWare evaluates these considerations when determining an appropriate configuration for each application.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-using-multiple-measurement-locations\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-using-multiple-measurement-locations\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Using Multiple Measurement Locations<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Some operations may benefit from additional camera locations where different measurement objectives or material conditions cannot be addressed effectively from a single viewpoint.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, measurements before and after a crusher can help distinguish incoming feed characteristics from changes in crusher output.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Multiple cameras may also be appropriate for separately observing different portions of a material stream.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>However, additional cameras do NOT necessarily produce more accurate or useful fragmentation measurements. They cannot reveal particles buried beneath the material surface, and their value depends on what additional information the operation requires.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-accounting-for-unresolved-material\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-accounting-for-unresolved-material\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Accounting for Unresolved Material<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Physical sampling and sieve analysis can help establish relationships between optical measurements and the overall material distribution.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Under suitable conditions, calibration may be used to account for particle fractions that cannot be individually resolved in the images.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>However, calibration does NOT improve the camera's physical resolution or allow it to directly measure particles hidden beneath larger material.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Where fine material is particularly important, the measurement method and sampling requirements should be evaluated carefully.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-choosing-between-maximum-size-monitoring-and-full-psd-analysis\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-choosing-between-maximum-size-monitoring-and-full-psd-analysis\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Choosing Between Maximum-Size Monitoring and Full PSD Analysis<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The appropriate particle size range also depends on the type of measurement required.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Solo Basic provides focused maximum particle size or colour monitoring. For example, an operation may only need to determine whether oversize particles are passing a particular conveyor location.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Solo Complete provides particle size distribution measurements across user-defined size classes, along with additional material characteristics such as shape, estimated volume, and colour.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This makes Solo Complete more appropriate for applications requiring detailed particle size trends, comparisons between processing stages, or evaluation against PSD targets.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A complete size distribution is NOT always necessary when a single maximum-size measurement provides the information needed for an operational decision.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-measuring-the-right-material-at-the-right-location\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-measuring-the-right-material-at-the-right-location\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Measuring the Right Material at the Right Location<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The most important question is NOT simply how small a particle a camera can distinguish, but whether the system can reliably measure the particle sizes that matter to the operation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>An installation intended to detect occasional oversize particles has different requirements from one intended to monitor the full PSD entering a grinding circuit.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Conveyor speed and analysis frequency also affect how often material is sampled. Even with suitable optical resolution, repeated image capture does NOT necessarily mean every particle passing the camera is analyzed.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Selecting a measurement location therefore requires considering both the detectable particle size range and how the resulting data will be used.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For a broader discussion of where to install measurement systems and how the results can support operational decisions, see <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/evaluating-rock-comminution-from-pre-blast-to-post-blast-and-through-mineral-processing\/\"><strong>From Blast to Mill: Using Fragmentation Data to Improve Mining Performance<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-conclusion\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-conclusion\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>There is no universal minimum or maximum detectable particle size for every conveyor analysis application.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The practical measurement range depends on the relationship between the material, field of view, camera resolution, and installation conditions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>By identifying the relevant particle sizes and measurement objectives before selecting the equipment configuration, operations can obtain more meaningful data without unnecessary complexity.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipWare works with customers to evaluate their materials, conveyor dimensions, and operating requirements to determine an appropriate measurement solution.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/contact\/\"><strong>Contact WipWare<\/strong><\/a> to discuss your application or explore the <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/solo\/\"><strong>Solo Conveyor Analysis System<\/strong><\/a> to learn more about automated conveyor particle measurement.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->","post_title":"Understanding Size Ranges in Conveyor Belt Analysis","post_excerpt":"Learn how conveyor dimensions, camera resolution, field of view, and installation conditions influence the particle sizes that Solo can measure in industrial applications.","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"understanding-size-ranges-in-conveyor-belt-analysis","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/evaluating-rock-comminution-from-pre-blast-to-post-blast-and-through-mineral-processing\/","post_modified":"2026-10-16 13:43:35","post_modified_gmt":"2026-10-16 17:43:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"http:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=411","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"3","filter":"raw"},{"ID":10940,"post_author":"20","post_date":"2026-10-02 14:19:02","post_date_gmt":"2026-10-02 18:19:02","post_content":"<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"width\":\"100%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\" style=\"flex-basis:100%\"><!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"space-between\",\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:post-excerpt {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fill\",\"flexSize\":null},\"typography\":{\"fontStyle\":\"italic\",\"fontWeight\":\"700\"}}} \/-->\n\n<!-- wp:buttons {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons\"><!-- wp:button -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=10977\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PDF \u2b73<\/a><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:button --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:buttons --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"20px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"20px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:yoast-seo\/table-of-contents {\"maxHeadingLevel\":2} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-yoast-seo-table-of-contents yoast-table-of-contents\"><h2>Table of contents<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"#h-getting-started-with-wipjoint\" data-level=\"2\">Getting Started with WipJoint<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-1-choose-and-capture-the-rock-face\" data-level=\"2\">1. Choose and Capture the Rock Face<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-2-prepare-the-analysis-in-wipfrag\" data-level=\"2\">2. Prepare the Analysis in WipFrag<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-3-review-the-discontinuity-network\" data-level=\"2\">3. Review the Discontinuity Network<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-4-generate-wipjoint-results\" data-level=\"2\">4. Generate WipJoint Results<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-5-understand-the-wipjoint-results\" data-level=\"2\">5. Understand the WipJoint Results<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-using-wipjoint-in-practice\" data-level=\"2\">Using WipJoint in Practice<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-wipjoint-quick-reference\" data-level=\"2\">WipJoint Quick Reference<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:yoast-seo\/table-of-contents -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-getting-started-with-wipjoint\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-getting-started-with-wipjoint\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Getting Started with WipJoint<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipJoint is a structural characterization tool within <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/wipfrag\/\" data-type=\"products\" data-id=\"36\">WipFrag<\/a> for measuring visible discontinuity traces on exposed rock surfaces.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>From a scaled image of a rock face, WipJoint can provide information about:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>apparent joint orientation;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>apparent joint spacing;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>persistence;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>estimated Rock Quality Designation (RQD); and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>apparent in-situ block size.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipJoint can be used on exposed rock surfaces such as highwalls, quarry faces, underground development faces, stopes, cut rock surfaces, and outcrops.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The basic workflow is:&nbsp; <strong>Capture&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;\u2192 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Analyze&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;\u2192 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Open WipJoint&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;\u2192 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Interpret<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":10944,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipJoint-Process-Diagram.png\" alt=\"Diagram of the WipJoint process from highwall photo to analysis to WipJoint to results\" class=\"wp-image-10944\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-what-wipjoint-measures\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-what-wipjoint-measures\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">What WipJoint measures<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A photograph records the discontinuity traces visible where joints, faults, fractures, and other structures intersect the exposed rock surface.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipJoint measures these visible traces and uses them to characterize the apparent structure of the rock mass.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This distinction is important. A two-dimensional image does NOT directly measure the complete three-dimensional orientation or extent of a discontinuity plane.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                IMPORTANT\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                <b>WipJoint measures the discontinuities visible on the photographed rock surface.<\/b> Orientation, spacing, persistence, RQD, and block-size results should be interpreted in the context of that exposure and viewing direction.\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-apparent-versus-true-orientation\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-apparent-versus-true-orientation\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Apparent versus true orientation<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipJoint reports <strong>apparent orientation<\/strong> from the visible discontinuity traces in the image.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The apparent dip observed on a photographed surface can be less than the true dip of the discontinuity plane. It will only equal the true dip when the observation direction is appropriately aligned with the plane.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For this reason, WipJoint results should NOT be treated as a replacement for a complete three-dimensional structural survey where true strike, dip, and dip direction are required.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#top\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#top\">Top of Page<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-getting-started-with-wipjoint\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-getting-started-with-wipjoint\">Getting Started with WipJoint<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-choose-and-capture-the-rock-face\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-choose-and-capture-the-rock-face\">1. Choose and Capture the Rock Face<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-prepare-the-analysis-in-wipfrag\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-prepare-the-analysis-in-wipfrag\">2. Prepare the Analysis in WipFrag<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-review-the-discontinuity-network\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-review-the-discontinuity-network\">3. Review the Discontinuity Network<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-generate-wipjoint-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-generate-wipjoint-results\">4. Generate WipJoint Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-understand-the-wipjoint-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-understand-the-wipjoint-results\">5. Understand the WipJoint Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-using-wipjoint-in-practice\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-using-wipjoint-in-practice\">Using WipJoint in Practice<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-wipjoint-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-wipjoint-quick-reference\">WipJoint Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-1-choose-and-capture-the-rock-face\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-1-choose-and-capture-the-rock-face\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Choose and Capture the Rock Face<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Good WipJoint results begin with a rock-face image that is <strong>representative, properly scaled, clearly exposed, and captured from an appropriate viewpoint<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-choose-a-representative-area\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-choose-a-representative-area\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Choose a representative area<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Select a rock surface that represents the geological conditions you want to characterize.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Avoid selecting an area simply because its joints are particularly obvious or easy to photograph.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For a large or variable face:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>capture several representative areas;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>include areas with visibly different structural conditions;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>keep analyses from different locations clearly identified; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>use a consistent capture method when results will be compared.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A single rock face only shows the discontinuities exposed on that surface. Where practical, use multiple representative areas or exposures when structural conditions vary.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-face-the-rock-surface-as-directly-as-practical\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-face-the-rock-surface-as-directly-as-practical\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Face the rock surface as directly as practical<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Choose a viewpoint that is reasonably <strong>orthogonal to the exposed surface<\/strong>. In other words, face the camera straight on to the rock surface.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A direct view reduces perspective distortion and provides a better representation of the visible discontinuity traces.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Strongly oblique photographs can distort apparent orientation, spacing, and trace length.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-choose-the-right-viewing-distance\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-choose-the-right-viewing-distance\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Choose the right viewing distance<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Capture enough of the rock surface to represent the area while remaining close enough to clearly resolve the discontinuities that matter.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>If you move too far away, smaller joints may disappear into the image. If you move too close, the image may no longer contain enough of the rock face to represent the larger structural pattern.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For large exposures, capture several systematic sections rather than expecting one distant photograph to show every scale of jointing.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-keep-the-image-sharp\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-keep-the-image-sharp\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Keep the image sharp<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Discontinuity traces should remain clearly visible across the image.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Avoid:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>motion blur;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>poor focus;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>deep shadows;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>strong glare;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>overexposed areas;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>vegetation covering the face;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>loose material obscuring the surface; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>equipment or other objects blocking important structures.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-use-suitable-lighting\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-use-suitable-lighting\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Use suitable lighting<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use lighting that keeps the rock texture and discontinuity traces visible.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Direct glare on wet or reflective surfaces can hide joints. Deep shadows can create the opposite problem by obscuring portions of the surface or appearing as false lineations.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Underground, use broad, even lighting where practical. Multiple offset light sources are generally preferable to a single harsh light located directly beside the camera.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-scale-the-image\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-scale-the-image\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Scale the image<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipJoint requires a properly scaled analysis for dimensional measurements such as apparent spacing and block size.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use the WipFrag scaling method appropriate to the way the image was captured.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For detailed recommendations on image capture, scaling, underground lighting, and field photography, refer to the <strong><a href=\"\/kb\/wipfrag-image-capture-and-sampling-guide\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"\/kb\/wipfrag-image-capture-and-sampling-guide\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">WipFrag Image Capture &amp; Sampling Guide<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#top\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#top\">Top of Page<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-getting-started-with-wipjoint\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-getting-started-with-wipjoint\">Getting Started with WipJoint<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-choose-and-capture-the-rock-face\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-choose-and-capture-the-rock-face\">1. Choose and Capture the Rock Face<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-prepare-the-analysis-in-wipfrag\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-prepare-the-analysis-in-wipfrag\">2. Prepare the Analysis in WipFrag<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-review-the-discontinuity-network\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-review-the-discontinuity-network\">3. Review the Discontinuity Network<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-generate-wipjoint-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-generate-wipjoint-results\">4. Generate WipJoint Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-understand-the-wipjoint-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-understand-the-wipjoint-results\">5. Understand the WipJoint Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-using-wipjoint-in-practice\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-using-wipjoint-in-practice\">Using WipJoint in Practice<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-wipjoint-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-wipjoint-quick-reference\">WipJoint Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-2-prepare-the-analysis-in-wipfrag\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-2-prepare-the-analysis-in-wipfrag\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Prepare the Analysis in WipFrag<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-step-1-open-or-capture-the-image\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-step-1-open-or-capture-the-image\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 1 \u2013 Open or capture the image<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Create a new WipFrag analysis using the image of the exposed rock surface.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Choose an image where the discontinuities of interest are clearly visible.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-step-2-set-the-scale\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-step-2-set-the-scale\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 2 \u2013 Set the scale<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Apply the appropriate scale to the image.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Correct scaling is important because WipJoint uses dimensional information when calculating results such as apparent joint spacing and apparent in-situ block size.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-top is-style-full-width\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"50%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-step-3-continue-the-analysis\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-step-3-continue-the-analysis\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 3 \u2013 Continue the analysis<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Complete the rock-face analysis using the normal WipFrag workflow, but don\u2019t generate the chart yet.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"50%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":10947,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipJoint-Highwall-A-Image-1024x698.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10947\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#top\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#top\">Top of Page<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-getting-started-with-wipjoint\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-getting-started-with-wipjoint\">Getting Started with WipJoint<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-choose-and-capture-the-rock-face\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-choose-and-capture-the-rock-face\">1. Choose and Capture the Rock Face<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-prepare-the-analysis-in-wipfrag\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-prepare-the-analysis-in-wipfrag\">2. Prepare the Analysis in WipFrag<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-review-the-discontinuity-network\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-review-the-discontinuity-network\">3. Review the Discontinuity Network<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-generate-wipjoint-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-generate-wipjoint-results\">4. Generate WipJoint Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-understand-the-wipjoint-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-understand-the-wipjoint-results\">5. Understand the WipJoint Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-using-wipjoint-in-practice\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-using-wipjoint-in-practice\">Using WipJoint in Practice<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-wipjoint-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-wipjoint-quick-reference\">WipJoint Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-3-review-the-discontinuity-network\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-3-review-the-discontinuity-network\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Review the Discontinuity Network<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Before generating the WipJoint results, compare the analyzed discontinuity network with the original rock-face image.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The analysis should represent the significant visible traces that define the structure of the exposed rock.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Look for:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>major joint sets;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>long or persistent discontinuities;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>closely spaced jointing;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>important visible joints that may NOT be represented;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>shadows or surface features that may have been mistaken for discontinuities; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>areas where weathering, debris, or poor image quality makes the structure difficult to interpret.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The goal is NOT to reproduce every minor surface feature. The analyzed network should reasonably describe the visible structural pattern of the rock.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                REMEMBER\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                <b>WipJoint can only characterize what is visible.<\/b> Covered, hidden, poorly resolved, or unexposed discontinuities cannot be measured from the photograph.\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-consider-the-exposure-itself\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-consider-the-exposure-itself\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Consider the exposure itself<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A discontinuity that is prominent on one face may be poorly represented on another simply because of the relationship between the discontinuity plane and the exposed surface.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For important structural assessments, consider results from more than one representative exposure where practical.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#top\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#top\">Top of Page<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-getting-started-with-wipjoint\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-getting-started-with-wipjoint\">Getting Started with WipJoint<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-choose-and-capture-the-rock-face\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-choose-and-capture-the-rock-face\">1. Choose and Capture the Rock Face<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-prepare-the-analysis-in-wipfrag\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-prepare-the-analysis-in-wipfrag\">2. Prepare the Analysis in WipFrag<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-review-the-discontinuity-network\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-review-the-discontinuity-network\">3. Review the Discontinuity Network<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-generate-wipjoint-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-generate-wipjoint-results\">4. Generate WipJoint Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-understand-the-wipjoint-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-understand-the-wipjoint-results\">5. Understand the WipJoint Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-using-wipjoint-in-practice\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-using-wipjoint-in-practice\">Using WipJoint in Practice<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-wipjoint-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-wipjoint-quick-reference\">WipJoint Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-4-generate-wipjoint-results\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-4-generate-wipjoint-results\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Generate WipJoint Results<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Once the analysis has been completed and you\u2019ve reviewed the discontinuity network, generate the chart.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Right-click<\/strong> or <strong>tap and hold<\/strong> the chart and select <strong>WipJoint<\/strong> from the available chart options. WipFrag will switch from the standard WipFrag results to the WipJoint result view.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":10948,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Open-WipJoint-Chart-2-1024x349.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10948\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#top\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#top\">Top of Page<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-getting-started-with-wipjoint\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-getting-started-with-wipjoint\">Getting Started with WipJoint<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-choose-and-capture-the-rock-face\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-choose-and-capture-the-rock-face\">1. Choose and Capture the Rock Face<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-prepare-the-analysis-in-wipfrag\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-prepare-the-analysis-in-wipfrag\">2. Prepare the Analysis in WipFrag<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-review-the-discontinuity-network\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-review-the-discontinuity-network\">3. Review the Discontinuity Network<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-generate-wipjoint-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-generate-wipjoint-results\">4. Generate WipJoint Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-understand-the-wipjoint-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-understand-the-wipjoint-results\">5. Understand the WipJoint Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-using-wipjoint-in-practice\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-using-wipjoint-in-practice\">Using WipJoint in Practice<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-wipjoint-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-wipjoint-quick-reference\">WipJoint Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-5-understand-the-wipjoint-results\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-5-understand-the-wipjoint-results\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Understand the WipJoint Results<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipJoint combines several measurements to describe the apparent structure visible in the analyzed rock surface. These results should be considered together rather than interpreting any single value in isolation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-apparent-orientation\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-apparent-orientation\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Apparent Orientation<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The <strong>Apparent Orientation Rosette<\/strong> shows the directional distribution of the visible discontinuity traces. WipJoint groups trace directions into <strong>18 directional classes at 10\u00b0 increments<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The amount represented in each direction is based on the total measured length of discontinuity traces within that directional class.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":10950,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipJoint-Orientation-Rosette.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10950\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"50%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4,\"anchor\":\"h-how-to-interpret-it\"} -->\n<h4 id=\"h-how-to-interpret-it\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">How to interpret it<\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use the orientation rosette to identify:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>dominant apparent joint directions;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>secondary joint sets;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>changes in structural direction across different areas; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>whether one or several directional trends dominate the exposure.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A larger sector indicates that more discontinuity trace length was measured in that direction.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                IMPORTANT\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                <b>The rosette describes the apparent orientation of traces on the photographed surface.<\/b> It does NOT represent a full three-dimensional measurement of the underlying discontinuity planes and should NOT be interpreted as equivalent to a geological stereonet containing true strike and dip measurements.\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-apparent-spacing\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-apparent-spacing\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Apparent Spacing<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The <strong>Apparent Spacing Rosette<\/strong> summarizes the spacing of visible discontinuities according to direction. WipJoint reports mean apparent spacing across the <strong>same 18 directional classes at 10\u00b0 increments<\/strong> used by the Orientation Rosette.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":10951,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipJoint-Spacing-Rosette.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10951\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"50%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4,\"anchor\":\"h-what-spacing-means\"} -->\n<h4 id=\"h-what-spacing-means\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">What spacing means<\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>In rock mechanics, true discontinuity spacing is measured perpendicular to adjacent discontinuities within a set. An image of an exposed rock surface provides an <strong>apparent spacing<\/strong> based on the way those discontinuities intersect the photographed surface. The apparent spacing can therefore differ from the true three-dimensional spacing of the discontinuity set.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4,\"anchor\":\"h-how-to-use-it\"} -->\n<h4 id=\"h-how-to-use-it\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">How to use it<\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use apparent spacing to:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>compare closely and widely spaced joint sets;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>identify changes in joint frequency across a face;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>compare structural conditions between areas; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>provide context for apparent block size and rock-mass structure.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Interpret spacing together with orientation, persistence, and the original image.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-persistence\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-persistence\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Persistence<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Persistence describes how far a discontinuity trace remains visible across the exposed rock surface. A long, continuous trace indicates greater visible persistence than a short or interrupted trace.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4,\"anchor\":\"h-why-persistence-matters\"} -->\n<h4 id=\"h-why-persistence-matters\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why persistence matters<\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Two rock masses may have similar joint spacing but very different block structures if the discontinuities differ substantially in persistence.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Longer discontinuities can more completely divide the rock mass, while shorter traces may terminate or be interrupted within the exposed surface.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                IMPORTANT\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                <b>WipJoint measures the visible trace.<\/b> A discontinuity that reaches the edge of the image or becomes covered by material has NOT necessarily ended geologically. Its actual extent may continue outside the photographed exposure or into the rock mass. For this reason, persistence should be interpreted as the visible or apparent extent of the discontinuity.\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-rock-quality-designation-rqd\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-rock-quality-designation-rqd\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Rock Quality Designation \u2013 RQD<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipJoint provides an <strong>estimated Rock Quality Designation (RQD)<\/strong> based on the jointing observed in the analyzed image.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>RQD was originally developed as a drill-core measure of rock quality. WipJoint provides an image-based estimate that allows jointing conditions to be assessed from suitable exposed rock surfaces.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4,\"anchor\":\"h-how-to-use-it-0\"} -->\n<h4 id=\"h-how-to-use-it-0\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">How to use it<\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>RQD can provide an additional numerical reference when:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>comparing different areas of exposed rock;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>documenting changes in structural conditions;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>evaluating representative sections of a bench or development; or<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>tracking rock conditions over time.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The WipJoint RQD result should be interpreted together with the original image and the other structural measurements.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                IMPORTANT\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                <b>WipJoint provides an image-derived RQD estimate based on the ASTM standard.<\/b> It should NOT be understood as a direct drill-core RQD measurement.\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-apparent-in-situ-block-size\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-apparent-in-situ-block-size\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Apparent In-Situ Block Size<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipJoint estimates the <strong>apparent in-situ block size<\/strong> from the visible discontinuity network.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This provides an estimate of the block structure represented by the exposed rock before blasting or other excavation processes further break the material.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipJoint displays the result as a logarithmic block-size distribution similar in concept to the particle-size histogram used in WipFrag.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The reported block size is expressed using the nominal diameter of a sphere having an equivalent volume.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":10952,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipJoint-Apparent-Size-Chart.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10952\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4,\"anchor\":\"h-why-block-size-matters\"} -->\n<h4 id=\"h-why-block-size-matters\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why block size matters<\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The natural structure of the rock mass can have a major influence on the fragmentation produced by blasting. Knowing the apparent pre-blast block structure provides useful context when evaluating the resulting post-blast fragmentation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                IMPORTANT\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                <b>Actual blocks within the rock mass are three-dimensional.<\/b> An image only captures the discontinuities exposed on the photographed surface. Other discontinuity sets, hidden planes, and differences in persistence may influence the true three-dimensional block geometry. For this reason, retain the word <b>apparent<\/b> when referencing WipJoint block-size estimates.\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#top\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#top\">Top of Page<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-getting-started-with-wipjoint\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-getting-started-with-wipjoint\">Getting Started with WipJoint<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-choose-and-capture-the-rock-face\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-choose-and-capture-the-rock-face\">1. Choose and Capture the Rock Face<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-prepare-the-analysis-in-wipfrag\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-prepare-the-analysis-in-wipfrag\">2. Prepare the Analysis in WipFrag<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-review-the-discontinuity-network\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-review-the-discontinuity-network\">3. Review the Discontinuity Network<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-generate-wipjoint-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-generate-wipjoint-results\">4. Generate WipJoint Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-understand-the-wipjoint-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-understand-the-wipjoint-results\">5. Understand the WipJoint Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-using-wipjoint-in-practice\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-using-wipjoint-in-practice\">Using WipJoint in Practice<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-wipjoint-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-wipjoint-quick-reference\">WipJoint Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-using-wipjoint-in-practice\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-using-wipjoint-in-practice\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Using WipJoint in Practice<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-pre-blast-structural-characterization\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-pre-blast-structural-characterization\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pre-blast structural characterization<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Capture representative images of the exposed rock before blasting to provide a record of the structural conditions present before the blast. Use WipJoint to document:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>apparent joint orientation;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>apparent joint spacing;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>persistence;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>estimated RQD; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>apparent in-situ block size.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-compare-geological-conditions\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-compare-geological-conditions\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Compare geological conditions<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use WipJoint to compare representative areas across a bench, quarry, mine, tunnel, or other excavation. Changes in these measurements can help distinguish changes in the rock structure from changes caused by blasting or operating conditions. A consistent capture method makes it easier to identify changes in:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>apparent orientation;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>spacing;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>persistence;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>estimated RQD; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>apparent block size.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-compare-pre-blast-structure-with-post-blast-fragmentation\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-compare-pre-blast-structure-with-post-blast-fragmentation\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Compare pre-blast structure with post-blast fragmentation<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipJoint and WipFrag can be used together to examine the relationship between the original rock structure and the resulting fragmentation. Before blasting, WipJoint characterizes the visible discontinuity network and apparent in-situ block structure. After blasting, WipFrag measures the resulting particle size distribution. Refer to the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipfrag-results-interpretation-guide\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"10998\">Results Interpretation Guide<\/a><\/strong> for guidance on interpreting the post-blast PSD and other standard WipFrag analysis results.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Comparing the two provides additional context when evaluating blast performance. A change in post-blast fragmentation does NOT necessarily result only from a change in blast design. Changes in the underlying rock structure may also contribute.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-compare-apparent-block-size-before-and-after-blasting\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-compare-apparent-block-size-before-and-after-blasting\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Compare apparent block size before and after blasting<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Where appropriate, the estimated mean block size before blasting can be compared with the mean fragmentation size after blasting. This relationship can be used to describe the amount of size reduction achieved between the in-situ rock structure and the blasted material.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Keep the limitations of the apparent in-situ block-size estimate in mind when making this comparison.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-support-blast-planning\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-support-blast-planning\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Support blast planning<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Jointing can influence how a rock mass responds to explosive energy. Information about apparent orientation, spacing, persistence, RQD, and block structure can provide geological context when planning or reviewing blasting practices.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipJoint should be used as a source of structural information rather than as a replacement for blast-design procedures or engineering judgement.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-document-changing-ground-conditions\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-document-changing-ground-conditions\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Document changing ground conditions<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipJoint can also create a permanent image and data record of exposed rock conditions. Repeated analyses can be useful for documenting changing conditions:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>along an underground development;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>across successive quarry faces;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>along a highwall;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>through different geological units; or<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>as an excavation advances.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Consistent capture methods are particularly important when comparing results over time.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-support-geotechnical-assessment\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-support-geotechnical-assessment\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Support geotechnical assessment<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Visible discontinuity geometry is important in many geotechnical applications, and WipJoint can provide useful measurements of the exposed structure. However, rock-mass behaviour can also depend on characteristics that WipJoint does NOT fully measure, including:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>discontinuity roughness;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>aperture;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>infilling;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>weathering;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>intact rock strength;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>groundwater conditions; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>discontinuities that are NOT visible on the photographed surface.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipJoint results should therefore support, rather than replace, a complete geotechnical assessment where one is required.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                MORE INFORMATION\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                For detailed WipFrag software controls, refer to the latest <b><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=6685\">WipFrag User Manual<\/a><\/b>.<br><br>\nFor field-image capture, scaling, underground lighting, and sampling recommendations, refer to the <b><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipfrag-image-capture-and-sampling-guide\">WipFrag Image Capture and Sampling Guide<\/a><\/b>.<br><br>\nWhen WipJoint results are used for engineering or geotechnical decisions, interpret them together with appropriate geological observations, site information, and qualified professional judgement.\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#top\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#top\">Top of Page<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-getting-started-with-wipjoint\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-getting-started-with-wipjoint\">Getting Started with WipJoint<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-choose-and-capture-the-rock-face\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-choose-and-capture-the-rock-face\">1. Choose and Capture the Rock Face<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-prepare-the-analysis-in-wipfrag\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-prepare-the-analysis-in-wipfrag\">2. Prepare the Analysis in WipFrag<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-review-the-discontinuity-network\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-review-the-discontinuity-network\">3. Review the Discontinuity Network<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-generate-wipjoint-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-generate-wipjoint-results\">4. Generate WipJoint Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-understand-the-wipjoint-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-understand-the-wipjoint-results\">5. Understand the WipJoint Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-using-wipjoint-in-practice\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-using-wipjoint-in-practice\">Using WipJoint in Practice<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-wipjoint-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-wipjoint-quick-reference\">WipJoint Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-wipjoint-quick-reference\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-wipjoint-quick-reference\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">WipJoint Quick Reference<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns\"><!-- wp:column {\"width\":\"50%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-before-capture\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-before-capture\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Before Capture<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Choose a representative exposed rock surface.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Identify the discontinuities or structural conditions you want to characterize.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Select a viewpoint as square to the face as practical.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Confirm that the smallest discontinuities of interest will be visible.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Choose an appropriate scaling method.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Plan additional images if the face is large or structurally variable.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-capture\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-capture\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Capture<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Fill the image with the rock surface.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Keep the image sharp and well exposed.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Avoid strong oblique perspective.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Avoid glare or deep shadows that hide discontinuities.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Keep physical scales clearly visible if used.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Capture additional representative areas when necessary.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-analyze\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-analyze\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Analyze<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Open or capture the image in WipFrag.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Set the scale.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Complete the rock-face analysis.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Review the analyzed discontinuity network.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Generate the chart.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Right-click or tap and hold the chart.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Select <strong>WipJoint<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-review-the-results\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-review-the-results\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Review the Results<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Apparent Orientation<\/strong> \u2013 What directions dominate the visible discontinuity traces?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Apparent Spacing<\/strong> \u2013 How closely spaced are the visible joint sets?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Persistence<\/strong> \u2013 How far do the discontinuities remain visible across the exposure?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Estimated RQD<\/strong> \u2013 How does the estimated rock quality compare between representative areas?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Apparent In-Situ Block Size<\/strong> \u2013 What block structure is indicated by the visible discontinuity network?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Context<\/strong> \u2013 Do the results agree with what is visible in the original rock-face image?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"width\":\"50%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #000000;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <thead>\n        <tr>\n            <th style=\"\n                background-color: #00b050;\n                color: #ffffff;\n                font-size: 22px;\n                font-weight: bold;\n                text-align: center;\n                padding: 12px 16px;\n                border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                WIPJOINT \u2013 DO\n            <\/th>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/thead>\n\n    <tbody>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 1 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Capture a representative rock surface.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 2 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Photograph the face as directly as practical.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 3 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Keep the discontinuities of interest clearly visible.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 4 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use a sharp, well-focused image.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 5 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Scale the image correctly.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 6 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use several representative areas where structural conditions vary.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 7 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Review the discontinuity network against the original image.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 8 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Interpret orientation and spacing as apparent measurements.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 9 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Consider orientation, spacing, persistence, RQD, and block size together.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 10 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Keep the original image available when interpreting the results.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== DO 11 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use consistent capture methods when comparing locations or changes over time.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #000000;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <thead>\n        <tr>\n            <th style=\"\n                background-color: #ee0000;\n                color: #ffffff;\n                font-size: 22px;\n                font-weight: bold;\n                text-align: center;\n                padding: 12px 16px;\n                border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                WIPJOINT \u2013 AVOID\n            <\/th>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/thead>\n\n    <tbody>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 1 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Strong oblique viewing angles.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 2 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Images where the joints of interest cannot be distinguished.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 3 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Selecting only the most visibly fractured area.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 4 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Assuming one small image represents an entire variable face.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 5 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Treating apparent orientation as true three-dimensional joint-plane orientation.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 6 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Treating apparent spacing as true normal spacing without considering the exposure.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 7 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Assuming a discontinuity ends because its trace reaches the edge of the image.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 8 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Considering the WipJoint RQD estimate as a direct drill-core measurement.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 9 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Treating apparent in-situ block size as a complete three-dimensional block survey.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 10 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Interpreting WipJoint results without reviewing the original rock surface.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border:none;\n            \">\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 11 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Entering an unsafe area solely to obtain a better image.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\",\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"center\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#top\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#top\">Top of Page<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-getting-started-with-wipjoint\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-getting-started-with-wipjoint\">Getting Started with WipJoint<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-choose-and-capture-the-rock-face\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-choose-and-capture-the-rock-face\">1. Choose and Capture the Rock Face<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-prepare-the-analysis-in-wipfrag\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-prepare-the-analysis-in-wipfrag\">2. Prepare the Analysis in WipFrag<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-review-the-discontinuity-network\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-review-the-discontinuity-network\">3. Review the Discontinuity Network<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-generate-wipjoint-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-generate-wipjoint-results\">4. Generate WipJoint Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-understand-the-wipjoint-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-understand-the-wipjoint-results\">5. Understand the WipJoint Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-using-wipjoint-in-practice\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-using-wipjoint-in-practice\">Using WipJoint in Practice<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-wipjoint-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-wipjoint-quick-reference\">WipJoint Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:buttons {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons\"><!-- wp:button -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=10977\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PDF \u2b73<\/a><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:button --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:buttons --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator {\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-thick\",\"anchor\":\"h-related-articles\"} -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator aligncenter has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-thick\" id=\"h-related-articles\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->","post_title":"WipJoint Guide","post_excerpt":"Using WipFrag's WipJoint feature to measure rock structure, map discontinuity and characterize in-situ block size","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"wipjoint-guide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2026-10-15 17:01:28","post_modified_gmt":"2026-10-15 21:01:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=10940","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"2","filter":"raw"}]},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.8 (Yoast SEO v28.8) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Pit-to-Plant Fragmentation Monitoring &#8226; 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