{"id":449,"date":"2014-11-07T09:09:27","date_gmt":"2014-11-07T14:09:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=449"},"modified":"2026-11-05T10:37:01","modified_gmt":"2026-11-05T15:37:01","slug":"photoanalysis-system-calibration","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/kb\/photoanalysis-system-calibration\/","title":{"rendered":"Calibraci\u00f3n del sistema de tamizado: Comparaci\u00f3n del an\u00e1lisis \u00f3ptico con los resultados de laboratorio"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-full-width is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div style=\"font-style:italic;font-weight:700\" class=\"wp-block-post-excerpt\"><p class=\"wp-block-post-excerpt__excerpt\">Comprenda c\u00f3mo la calibraci\u00f3n de tamices relaciona las mediciones automatizadas del tama\u00f1o de las part\u00edculas con los resultados de laboratorio, cu\u00e1ndo es \u00fatil la calibraci\u00f3n y c\u00f3mo preparar, comparar y validar muestras representativas. <\/p><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-yoast-seo-ai-summarize yoast-ai-summarize\"><h3>Conclusiones clave<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list yoast-ai-summarize-list\">\n<li>WipWare&#8217;s system sieve calibration improves the accuracy of particle size distributions by aligning optical measurements with laboratory sieve results.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Calibration is particularly beneficial when precise particle sizing is necessary, allowing better monitoring and control during processing operations.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Calibrated measurements can closely match laboratory results, but the effectiveness varies by material type and size distribution.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Calibration is not always required; many operations can function effectively with uncalibrated measurements, especially for detecting relative changes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A well-planned calibration procedure involves capturing representative images, obtaining accurate laboratory results, and periodically validating performance.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left\" id=\"h-contents\"><strong>Contenido<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-horizontal is-layout-flex wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-contents\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-contents\">Introducci\u00f3n<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-what-is-sieve-calibration\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-what-is-sieve-calibration\">\u00bfQu\u00e9 es la calibraci\u00f3n de tamices?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-when-is-sieve-calibration-useful\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-when-is-sieve-calibration-useful\">\u00bfCu\u00e1ndo resulta \u00fatil la calibraci\u00f3n de tamices?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-sieve-calibration-in-practice-comparing-solo-with-laboratory-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-sieve-calibration-in-practice-comparing-solo-with-laboratory-results\">Sieve Calibration in Practice<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-when-is-calibration-unnecessary\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-when-is-calibration-unnecessary\">\u00bfCu\u00e1ndo es innecesaria la calibraci\u00f3n?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-preparing-for-sieve-calibration\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-preparing-for-sieve-calibration\">Preparaci\u00f3n para la calibraci\u00f3n del tamiz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-system-sieve-calibration-procedure\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-system-sieve-calibration-procedure\">Procedimiento de calibraci\u00f3n del tamiz del sistema<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-rosin-rammler-and-swebrec-what-s-the-difference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-rosin-rammler-and-swebrec-what-s-the-difference\">Rosin\u2013Rammler and Swebrec<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-how-long-does-a-calibration-remain-valid\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-how-long-does-a-calibration-remain-valid\">\u00bfCu\u00e1nto tiempo permanece v\u00e1lida una calibraci\u00f3n?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-what-sieve-calibration-cannot-do\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-what-sieve-calibration-cannot-do\">Lo que la calibraci\u00f3n de tamices no puede hacer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-making-calibration-work-for-your-process\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-making-calibration-work-for-your-process\">C\u00f3mo lograr que la calibraci\u00f3n funcione para su proceso.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Art\u00edculos relacionados<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Los sistemas de medici\u00f3n automatizados de WipWare proporcionan mediciones repetidas del tama\u00f1o de las part\u00edculas, lo que ayuda a las operaciones a controlar las caracter\u00edsticas del material, identificar cambios y tomar decisiones de proceso mejor fundamentadas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"h-system-sieve-calibration-matching-optical-analysis-with-laboratory-results\">Pero, \u00bfhasta qu\u00e9 punto coinciden las distribuciones de tama\u00f1o de part\u00edcula basadas en im\u00e1genes con los resultados del tamizado f\u00edsico? \u00bfY es necesario calibrar todos los sistemas?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>La calibraci\u00f3n del tamiz permite ajustar las distribuciones del tama\u00f1o de part\u00edcula obtenidas a partir de im\u00e1genes compar\u00e1ndolas con los resultados de laboratorio del mismo material.<\/strong> Puede mejorar la concordancia con el muestreo f\u00edsico, especialmente cuando las part\u00edculas finas u otros materiales que no est\u00e1n completamente representados en las im\u00e1genes afectan la distribuci\u00f3n general.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To illustrate how sieve calibration performs in practice, this article also examines real-world comparisons between calibrated WipWare Solo measurements and laboratory sieve analysis, including results for fine material that falls below the camera&#8217;s effective measurement resolution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sin embargo, la calibraci\u00f3n del tamiz no es necesaria para todas las aplicaciones. Su valor a\u00f1adido depende de lo que se necesite medir y de c\u00f3mo se vaya a utilizar esa informaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>Please note that system sieve calibration is only used with WipWare&#8217;s Solo Complete and Reflex Complete models, which measure particle size distribution (PSD).<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-what-is-sieve-calibration\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00bfQu\u00e9 es la calibraci\u00f3n de tamices?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La calibraci\u00f3n del tamiz es el proceso de comparar una distribuci\u00f3n del tama\u00f1o de part\u00edcula (DTP) generada mediante an\u00e1lisis \u00f3ptico con los resultados de un an\u00e1lisis de tamizado de laboratorio de una muestra f\u00edsica correspondiente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El laboratorio determina la distribuci\u00f3n del material a trav\u00e9s de una serie de aberturas de tamiz conocidas, generalmente por peso. El an\u00e1lisis de im\u00e1genes estima el tama\u00f1o de las part\u00edculas a partir del material visible para la c\u00e1mara.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Debido a que estos m\u00e9todos miden el material de manera diferente, las distribuciones resultantes pueden no coincidir exactamente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Las herramientas de calibraci\u00f3n de WipWare utilizan las dos distribuciones para calcular ajustes matem\u00e1ticos que mejoran la relaci\u00f3n entre las mediciones \u00f3pticas y la referencia f\u00edsica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Esto permite que el sistema automatizado informe una PSD calibrada que refleje con mayor precisi\u00f3n la distribuci\u00f3n de referencia en condiciones de funcionamiento comparables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-why-can-optical-and-sieve-results-differ\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 pueden diferir los resultados \u00f3pticos y los de tamizado?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Una medici\u00f3n basada en im\u00e1genes representa principalmente las part\u00edculas visibles en la superficie del material. Las part\u00edculas m\u00e1s peque\u00f1as pueden estar ocultas bajo part\u00edculas m\u00e1s grandes, superponerse con el material circundante o ser demasiado peque\u00f1as para distinguirlas individualmente con la resoluci\u00f3n de imagen disponible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Por su parte, el tamizado f\u00edsico mide el material recogido en toda su profundidad, incluidas las part\u00edculas que no eran visibles para la c\u00e1mara.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Las diferencias tambi\u00e9n pueden deberse a la forma de las part\u00edculas, la manera en que se estiman las dimensiones \u00f3pticas, la segregaci\u00f3n del material y la forma en que se recolect\u00f3 la muestra f\u00edsica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Estas diferencias no implican autom\u00e1ticamente que alguno de los m\u00e9todos de medici\u00f3n sea inadecuado.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En cambio, destacan por qu\u00e9 el m\u00e9todo de medici\u00f3n debe seleccionarse de acuerdo con los requisitos de la aplicaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>La calibraci\u00f3n ajusta la distribuci\u00f3n reportada; no mejora la resoluci\u00f3n de la c\u00e1mara ni hace que las part\u00edculas ocultas sean directamente visibles.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para obtener m\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n sobre el rango de medici\u00f3n \u00f3ptica, consulte <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/kb\/understanding-size-ranges-in-conveyor-belt-analysis\/\"><strong>Comprensi\u00f3n de los rangos de tama\u00f1o en el an\u00e1lisis de cintas transportadoras<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-when-is-sieve-calibration-useful\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00bfCu\u00e1ndo resulta \u00fatil la calibraci\u00f3n de tamices?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La calibraci\u00f3n resulta m\u00e1s \u00fatil cuando una operaci\u00f3n necesita que sus resultados de PSD automatizados coincidan con una referencia de dimensionamiento f\u00edsico establecida.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Algunos ejemplos son:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Comparaci\u00f3n de las mediciones del tama\u00f1o de part\u00edcula realizadas en l\u00ednea con los resultados de los an\u00e1lisis de tamizado de laboratorio realizados de forma rutinaria.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Supervisar el porcentaje que pasa o queda en los tama\u00f1os cr\u00edticos de control de procesos.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Establecer objetivos de PSD (Posicionamiento Determinado del Tama\u00f1o del Espacio) bas\u00e1ndose en mediciones de laboratorio existentes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Evaluar los cambios en el rendimiento de la trituradora o del circuito de molienda utilizando un m\u00e9todo de referencia consistente.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Calcular matem\u00e1ticamente las fracciones de part\u00edculas que est\u00e1n subrepresentadas en las im\u00e1genes de superficie.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Por ejemplo, una planta procesadora puede utilizar ya los resultados de los an\u00e1lisis de tamizado de laboratorio para establecer los tama\u00f1os aceptables de los productos triturados.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La calibraci\u00f3n del sistema de medici\u00f3n automatizado con datos representativos del tamizado puede ayudar a proporcionar mediciones de la distribuci\u00f3n del tama\u00f1o de part\u00edcula (PSD) m\u00e1s frecuentes que se ajusten a los requisitos de control e informes existentes de la planta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El valor reside en combinar las mediciones de referencia de laboratorio con la monitorizaci\u00f3n automatizada repetida.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-sieve-calibration-in-practice-comparing-solo-with-laboratory-results\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sieve Calibration in Practice: Comparing Solo with Laboratory Results<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">How closely can a calibrated optical measurement system reproduce a particle size distribution obtained through laboratory sieving?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Actual industrial measurements provide an opportunity to evaluate this relationship.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At an operating mineral-processing facility, five samples of crushed material were compared using WipWare Solo image analysis and corresponding laboratory sieve results. The laboratory measurements were obtained from representative conveyor belt-cut samples, while the optical measurements were captured using the Solo camera and processed through WipFrag.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Each comparison covered 20 particle-size classes, ranging from 40 mm down to 0.15 mm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-comparing-the-particle-size-distributions\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Comparing the Particle Size Distributions<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The calibrated measurements demonstrated strong correlation with the corresponding laboratory sieve results.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Across the five samples, the coefficients of determination (R\u00b2) ranged from <strong>0.9914 to 0.9985<\/strong>, indicating that the calibrated results closely followed the overall shape of the laboratory particle size distribution curves.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These results demonstrate the potential for calibrated optical analysis to produce PSD measurements that correspond closely with conventional physical sizing methods.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-full-width\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"378\" height=\"402\" src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/chart-line-e1793892757619.png\" alt=\"Comparison of calibrated Solo and laboratory sieve particle size distributions, illustrating close agreement across the measured size range.\" class=\"wp-image-11642\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/chart-line-e1793892757619.png 378w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/chart-line-e1793892757619-282x300.png 282w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/chart-line-e1793892757619-11x12.png 11w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 378px) 100vw, 378px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Comparison of calibrated Solo and laboratory sieve particle size distributions, illustrating close agreement across the measured size range.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, strong correlation across an entire distribution does not necessarily guarantee equally close agreement at every particle size. This distinction becomes particularly important when the operation is concerned with a specific passing percentage rather than the overall distribution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-how-closely-can-calibration-estimate-fine-material\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">How Closely Can Calibration Estimate Fine Material?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One of the more challenging applications of optical measurement is estimating the proportion of fine material that cannot be reliably distinguished in an image.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For this example, the percentage of material passing a 1.00 mm sieve was compared across all five samples.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Sample<\/th><th>Laboratory passing 1 mm<\/th><th>Calibrated Solo<\/th><th>Difference<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>1<\/td><td>11.90%<\/td><td>10.91%<\/td><td>0.99 pp<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2<\/td><td>18.60%<\/td><td>11.98%<\/td><td>6.62 pp<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3<\/td><td>10.80%<\/td><td>11.07%<\/td><td>0.27 pp<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4<\/td><td>9.90%<\/td><td>9.05%<\/td><td>0.85 pp<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>5<\/td><td>6.20%<\/td><td>11.62%<\/td><td>5.42 pp<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Differences are expressed in absolute percentage points (pp), i.e. \u00b1% in absolute percentage rather than relative difference.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Three of the five calibrated measurements were within one percentage point of the corresponding laboratory result. Across all five samples, the average absolute difference was approximately <strong>2.83 percentage points<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-full-width\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"378\" height=\"402\" src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/chart-line-1-e1793892946641.png\" alt=\"Comparison of calibrated Solo and laboratory sieve results, illustrating how strong overall PSD correlation can coexist with larger differences at individual particle sizes.\" class=\"wp-image-11643\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/chart-line-1-e1793892946641.png 378w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/chart-line-1-e1793892946641-282x300.png 282w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/chart-line-1-e1793892946641-11x12.png 11w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 378px) 100vw, 378px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Comparison of calibrated Solo and laboratory sieve results, illustrating how strong overall PSD correlation can coexist with larger differences at individual particle sizes.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The results show that calibration can produce estimates of finer particle fractions that closely match laboratory measurements under suitable conditions. They also demonstrate that the degree of agreement can vary substantially between samples.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Notably, the laboratory measurements at 1 mm ranged from 6.20% to 18.60% passing, whereas the calibrated optical results ranged from 9.05% to 11.98%. This narrower range highlights an important consideration: a calibration may reproduce the overall PSD well without necessarily capturing the full variation in an individual fine fraction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-what-does-this-mean-for-online-process-monitoring\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">What Does This Mean for Online Process Monitoring?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In many mineral-processing applications, the proportion of fine material affects downstream equipment performance, material handling, separation efficiency, or overall process yield.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For example, changes in feed characteristics at a primary crusher may alter the proportion of material passing a particular sieve size. Monitoring those changes can provide useful information for evaluating process conditions and managing downstream operations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While Solo cannot directly resolve particles that fall below its effective optical resolution, sieve calibration establishes a mathematical relationship between the visible particle distribution and a more complete physical reference.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Once this relationship is established, calibrated PSD results can be generated from subsequent online measurements without collecting a physical sample for every analysis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The ability to detect changes in an otherwise unmeasurable fine fraction depends on the consistency of the relationship between the visible material and the complete distribution. The comparisons above demonstrate achievable agreement with laboratory measurements, but do not independently establish the sensitivity or reliability of tracking changing fines content over time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">That distinction matters when determining whether calibrated measurements are appropriate for a particular process-control objective.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-understanding-the-results\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Understanding the Results<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These industrial comparisons illustrate the practical potential of sieve calibration without establishing a universal measurement accuracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Performance will depend on the material characteristics, visible particle-size range, installation geometry, sampling methodology, and suitability of the selected calibration model.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The comparisons also do not distinguish between samples used to establish the calibration and independent samples used to validate it. That distinction is important when interpreting the results as evidence of repeatable performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nevertheless, the measurements demonstrate how laboratory sieve results and calibrated optical analysis can be brought into close agreement, providing a practical basis for applying image-derived particle size data within established process monitoring and reporting methods.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-when-is-calibration-unnecessary\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00bfCu\u00e1ndo es innecesaria la calibraci\u00f3n?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">No todos los procesos requieren una distribuci\u00f3n del tama\u00f1o de part\u00edcula absoluta que coincida con el tamizado de laboratorio.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Muchas operaciones utilizan la medici\u00f3n automatizada para controlar los cambios relativos en el tama\u00f1o del material. Para estas aplicaciones, las mediciones consistentes sin calibrar pueden proporcionar la informaci\u00f3n necesaria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Consideremos una cinta transportadora de descarga de una trituradora cuyo objetivo es identificar cu\u00e1ndo el material comienza a volverse progresivamente m\u00e1s grueso. Los cambios en la distribuci\u00f3n del tama\u00f1o de part\u00edcula medida pueden proporcionar una indicaci\u00f3n temprana de cambios en el rendimiento de la trituradora, incluso sin calibraci\u00f3n de la criba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">De manera similar, una aplicaci\u00f3n centrada en la detecci\u00f3n de part\u00edculas que superen un umbral de tama\u00f1o m\u00e1ximo puede beneficiarse m\u00e1s de la monitorizaci\u00f3n directa de part\u00edculas de gran tama\u00f1o que de una distribuci\u00f3n del tama\u00f1o de part\u00edcula ajustada matem\u00e1ticamente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Por lo tanto, la calibraci\u00f3n debe considerarse de acuerdo con la medici\u00f3n prevista:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><th>Objetivo de la medici\u00f3n<\/th><th>Calibraci\u00f3n de tamices<\/th><\/tr><tr><td>Monitoreo de los cambios relativos en el tama\u00f1o de las part\u00edculas<\/td><td>A menudo innecesario<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Detecci\u00f3n del tama\u00f1o m\u00e1ximo de part\u00edcula o de part\u00edculas de tama\u00f1o excesivo.<\/td><td>Generalmente innecesario<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Coincidencia con una referencia PSD de laboratorio establecida<\/td><td>Recomendado<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Informar porcentajes de aprobaci\u00f3n calibrados en tama\u00f1os espec\u00edficos<\/td><td>Recomendado cuando se disponga de datos de referencia adecuados.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Investigaci\u00f3n de multas o caracter\u00edsticas m\u00e1s amplias del PSD<\/td><td>Potencialmente \u00fatil, sujeto a limitaciones de muestreo y medici\u00f3n \u00f3ptica.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El objetivo no es calibrar autom\u00e1ticamente todos los sistemas, sino determinar si la calibraci\u00f3n mejora la informaci\u00f3n necesaria para el proceso.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-full-width is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Saltar a:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size is-horizontal is-layout-flex wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-contents\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-contents\">Introducci\u00f3n<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-what-is-sieve-calibration\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-what-is-sieve-calibration\">\u00bfQu\u00e9 es la calibraci\u00f3n de tamices?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-when-is-sieve-calibration-useful\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-when-is-sieve-calibration-useful\">\u00bfCu\u00e1ndo resulta \u00fatil la calibraci\u00f3n de tamices?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-sieve-calibration-in-practice-comparing-solo-with-laboratory-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-sieve-calibration-in-practice-comparing-solo-with-laboratory-results\">Sieve Calibration in Practice<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-when-is-calibration-unnecessary\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-when-is-calibration-unnecessary\">\u00bfCu\u00e1ndo es innecesaria la calibraci\u00f3n?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-preparing-for-sieve-calibration\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-preparing-for-sieve-calibration\">Preparaci\u00f3n para la calibraci\u00f3n del tamiz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-system-sieve-calibration-procedure\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-system-sieve-calibration-procedure\">Procedimiento de calibraci\u00f3n del tamiz del sistema<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-rosin-rammler-and-swebrec-what-s-the-difference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-rosin-rammler-and-swebrec-what-s-the-difference\">Rosin\u2013Rammler and Swebrec<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-how-long-does-a-calibration-remain-valid\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-how-long-does-a-calibration-remain-valid\">\u00bfCu\u00e1nto tiempo permanece v\u00e1lida una calibraci\u00f3n?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-what-sieve-calibration-cannot-do\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-what-sieve-calibration-cannot-do\">Lo que la calibraci\u00f3n de tamices no puede hacer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-making-calibration-work-for-your-process\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-making-calibration-work-for-your-process\">C\u00f3mo lograr que la calibraci\u00f3n funcione para su proceso.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Art\u00edculos relacionados<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 id=\"h-preparing-for-sieve-calibration\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Preparaci\u00f3n para la calibraci\u00f3n del tamiz<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Antes de recoger las muestras de calibraci\u00f3n, el sistema automatizado debe ponerse en marcha correctamente y deben establecerse sus condiciones de imagen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Estos incluyen:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Posici\u00f3n de la c\u00e1mara, selecci\u00f3n del objetivo y enfoque.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Iluminaci\u00f3n y exposici\u00f3n de la imagen.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Escala de imagen y geometr\u00eda de medici\u00f3n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Configuraci\u00f3n de an\u00e1lisis y detecci\u00f3n de part\u00edculas.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Presentaci\u00f3n del material y condiciones de funcionamiento.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Las clases de tama\u00f1o y las medidas requeridas para la operaci\u00f3n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La calibraci\u00f3n no debe utilizarse para compensar la mala calidad de la imagen o un escalado incorrecto.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Si el sistema no puede distinguir el material relevante, se deben abordar las condiciones de imagen antes de intentar la calibraci\u00f3n del tamiz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Los cambios en la configuraci\u00f3n de la c\u00e1mara, los ajustes de an\u00e1lisis o las condiciones del material tambi\u00e9n pueden afectar la validez de una calibraci\u00f3n existente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-choosing-the-right-sieves\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00f3mo elegir los tamices adecuados<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Los tamices de prueba de laboratorio deben cumplir con una norma reconocida apropiada, como por ejemplo: <strong>ASTM E11 o ISO 3310-1<\/strong>, seg\u00fan lo determine el laboratorio de la operaci\u00f3n o el Departamento de Control de Procesos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Las aberturas del tamiz seleccionadas deben cubrir el rango de tama\u00f1o de material esperado, incluyendo las part\u00edculas relevantes de mayor tama\u00f1o y las fracciones m\u00e1s finas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Se debe prestar especial atenci\u00f3n a las dimensiones utilizadas para las decisiones operativas, como las especificaciones de la trituradora, las aberturas de la criba u otros umbrales de control del proceso.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El informe de laboratorio debe incluir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tama\u00f1os y unidades de las aberturas de los tamices.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Peso retenido en cada tamiz, incluyendo la sart\u00e9n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Porcentaje acumulado que pasa por cada tama\u00f1o de tamiz.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La distribuci\u00f3n completa del material es importante. Excluir las part\u00edculas m\u00e1s grandes simplemente porque superan el rango de tama\u00f1o de inter\u00e9s puede distorsionar la comparaci\u00f3n resultante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-system-sieve-calibration-procedure\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Procedimiento de calibraci\u00f3n del tamiz del sistema<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El siguiente procedimiento resume el enfoque utilizado en la documentaci\u00f3n actual de puesta en marcha del sistema de WipWare. El m\u00e9todo exacto de recopilaci\u00f3n de datos y los controles de software dependen de la instalaci\u00f3n y la configuraci\u00f3n del sistema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-step-1-establish-normal-operating-conditions\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Paso 1: Establecer las condiciones normales de funcionamiento.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Comience con el sistema funcionando en condiciones de producci\u00f3n representativas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El material debe reflejar las caracter\u00edsticas de la alimentaci\u00f3n, las condiciones de carga y la distribuci\u00f3n del tama\u00f1o que el sistema encontrar\u00e1 normalmente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Evite realizar la calibraci\u00f3n en condiciones de funcionamiento inusuales, como una interrupci\u00f3n temporal del proceso, una carga anormal o un cambio de material no representativo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-step-2-capture-a-representative-image\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Paso 2: Capturar una imagen representativa<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Utilice la vista de c\u00e1mara en directo del sistema para capturar una imagen del material seleccionado para el muestreo f\u00edsico.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La imagen debe ser n\u00edtida, estar correctamente escalada y ser representativa del material que se va a recoger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En el caso de una instalaci\u00f3n de cinta transportadora, el material se suele fotografiar despu\u00e9s de que la cinta se haya detenido de forma controlada con su carga normal presente, siguiendo los procedimientos de seguridad aprobados en la planta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Identifique un \u00e1rea de muestreo claramente definida que pueda coincidir con la imagen capturada.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-full-width\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"643\" height=\"490\" src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/marked-conveyor-sample-for-sieve-calibration.png\" alt=\"\u00c1rea de muestreo rectangular marcada en una cinta transportadora, utilizada para comparar el an\u00e1lisis de im\u00e1genes con una muestra f\u00edsica obtenida mediante tamizado.\" class=\"wp-image-11376\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/marked-conveyor-sample-for-sieve-calibration.png 643w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/marked-conveyor-sample-for-sieve-calibration-300x229.png 300w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/marked-conveyor-sample-for-sieve-calibration-16x12.png 16w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 643px) 100vw, 643px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Zona de muestreo rectangular marcada en una cinta transportadora utilizada para la calibraci\u00f3n de tamices.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>La imagen y la muestra f\u00edsica deben representar el mismo material.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-step-3-collect-the-physical-sample\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Paso 3: Recoger la muestra f\u00edsica.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Recoja el material correspondiente al \u00e1rea de muestreo capturada en la imagen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En el caso de una muestra de cinta transportadora marcada, esto significa recoger el material en toda su profundidad dentro del \u00e1rea seleccionada, incluyendo las part\u00edculas finas y m\u00e1s peque\u00f1as que se encuentran debajo de la superficie visible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El objetivo es establecer una comparaci\u00f3n directa entre la distribuci\u00f3n del tama\u00f1o de part\u00edcula (PSD) obtenida a partir de la imagen y la distribuci\u00f3n f\u00edsica de esa misma muestra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La toma de muestras, el acceso a los equipos y el aislamiento de las cintas transportadoras deben seguir los procedimientos de seguridad aprobados por la planta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cuando no sea posible procesar directamente la muestra completa, cualquier m\u00e9todo de submuestreo de laboratorio deber\u00e1 documentarse y evaluarse su representatividad antes de utilizar los resultados para la calibraci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-step-4-obtain-laboratory-sieve-results\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Paso 4: Obtener los resultados del tamizado de laboratorio.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Env\u00ede el material para el an\u00e1lisis granulom\u00e9trico en laboratorio utilizando la serie de tamices seleccionada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El laboratorio deber\u00e1 informar la masa retenida y el porcentaje acumulado que pasa por cada tama\u00f1o de tamiz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Confirme que se ha contabilizado la muestra completa y que las unidades y clases de tama\u00f1o indicadas son adecuadas para su comparaci\u00f3n con el an\u00e1lisis \u00f3ptico.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-step-5-analyze-the-corresponding-image\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Paso 5: Analizar la imagen correspondiente.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Abra la imagen de la c\u00e1mara guardada en la Vista de an\u00e1lisis de WipFrag.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Defina el \u00c1rea de Inter\u00e9s (AOI) de manera que incluya \u00fanicamente el material recogido para el an\u00e1lisis f\u00edsico.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Revise la escala de la imagen y los l\u00edmites de las part\u00edculas antes de generar la distribuci\u00f3n del tama\u00f1o de las part\u00edculas sin calibrar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Este paso establece la medici\u00f3n \u00f3ptica original que se comparar\u00e1 con la referencia de laboratorio.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-step-6-enter-the-sieve-reference\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Paso 6 \u2014 Introduzca la referencia del tamiz<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A partir de los resultados del an\u00e1lisis, abra las herramientas de calibraci\u00f3n y seleccione <strong>Objetivo del tamiz<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Introduzca los tama\u00f1os de abertura de los tamices de laboratorio y los porcentajes de paso acumulados correspondientes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aseg\u00farese de que las unidades y las clases de tama\u00f1o coincidan correctamente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Posteriormente, WipFrag puede evaluar la calibraci\u00f3n utilizando los modelos de distribuci\u00f3n de Rosin-Rammler y Swebrec disponibles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-step-7-review-and-apply-the-calibration\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Paso 7 \u2014 Revisar y aplicar la calibraci\u00f3n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Compare los resultados de calibraci\u00f3n disponibles y seleccione el modelo que ofrezca la concordancia m\u00e1s adecuada con la referencia de laboratorio.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"517\" data-id=\"11377\" src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/uncalibrated-PSD-1024x517.png\" alt=\"Curva de distribuci\u00f3n del tama\u00f1o de part\u00edcula sin calibrar\" class=\"wp-image-11377\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/uncalibrated-PSD-1024x517.png 1024w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/uncalibrated-PSD-300x151.png 300w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/uncalibrated-PSD-768x388.png 768w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/uncalibrated-PSD-18x9.png 18w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/uncalibrated-PSD.png 1202w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Distribuci\u00f3n del tama\u00f1o de part\u00edcula sin calibrar<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"516\" data-id=\"11378\" src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/Calibrated-PSD-1024x516.png\" alt=\"Curva de distribuci\u00f3n de tama\u00f1o de part\u00edcula calibrada\" class=\"wp-image-11378\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/Calibrated-PSD-1024x516.png 1024w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/Calibrated-PSD-300x151.png 300w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/Calibrated-PSD-768x387.png 768w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/Calibrated-PSD-18x9.png 18w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/Calibrated-PSD.png 1205w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Distribuci\u00f3n de tama\u00f1o de part\u00edcula calibrada<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-caption wp-element-caption\"><em>Comparaci\u00f3n de las curvas de distribuci\u00f3n del tama\u00f1o de part\u00edcula sin calibrar y calibradas.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Los par\u00e1metros de calibraci\u00f3n seleccionados se pueden aplicar a la configuraci\u00f3n del sistema correspondiente utilizando sus ajustes de calibraci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sincroniza la configuraci\u00f3n actualizada y revisa el archivo PSD resultante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">No seleccione un modelo de calibraci\u00f3n \u00fanicamente porque produzca una curva de apariencia m\u00e1s suave. El objetivo es lograr una concordancia significativa con la referencia f\u00edsica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-step-8-validate-the-results\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Paso 8: Validar los resultados<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tras aplicar la calibraci\u00f3n, compare las mediciones adicionales con muestras de referencia de laboratorios independientes siempre que sea posible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Preste especial atenci\u00f3n a las clases de tama\u00f1o de part\u00edcula que m\u00e1s importan para la operaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Una calibraci\u00f3n que coincide con la muestra original no garantiza necesariamente la misma concordancia en todas las condiciones de material posteriores.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Registre la identificaci\u00f3n de la muestra, los resultados de laboratorio, el modelo de calibraci\u00f3n seleccionado, los par\u00e1metros de calibraci\u00f3n y la configuraci\u00f3n relevante del sistema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Esto proporciona una base para futuras validaciones y resoluci\u00f3n de problemas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When evaluating calibration performance, consider both the agreement across the complete particle size distribution and the individual size classes that matter to the application.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A strong overall correlation may coexist with larger differences at particular sieve sizes, especially near or below the camera&#8217;s effective resolution. If a process depends on the percentage passing a specific threshold, such as 1 mm, validation should evaluate that measurement directly rather than relying exclusively on the correlation between complete PSD curves.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Where possible, use independent samples collected under representative operating conditions, including variations in material characteristics that the system will encounter during normal operation.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-full-width is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Saltar a:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size is-horizontal is-layout-flex wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-contents\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-contents\">Introducci\u00f3n<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-what-is-sieve-calibration\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-what-is-sieve-calibration\">\u00bfQu\u00e9 es la calibraci\u00f3n de tamices?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-when-is-sieve-calibration-useful\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-when-is-sieve-calibration-useful\">\u00bfCu\u00e1ndo resulta \u00fatil la calibraci\u00f3n de tamices?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-sieve-calibration-in-practice-comparing-solo-with-laboratory-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-sieve-calibration-in-practice-comparing-solo-with-laboratory-results\">Sieve Calibration in Practice<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-when-is-calibration-unnecessary\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-when-is-calibration-unnecessary\">\u00bfCu\u00e1ndo es innecesaria la calibraci\u00f3n?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-preparing-for-sieve-calibration\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-preparing-for-sieve-calibration\">Preparaci\u00f3n para la calibraci\u00f3n del tamiz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-system-sieve-calibration-procedure\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-system-sieve-calibration-procedure\">Procedimiento de calibraci\u00f3n del tamiz del sistema<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-rosin-rammler-and-swebrec-what-s-the-difference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-rosin-rammler-and-swebrec-what-s-the-difference\">Rosin\u2013Rammler and Swebrec<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-how-long-does-a-calibration-remain-valid\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-how-long-does-a-calibration-remain-valid\">\u00bfCu\u00e1nto tiempo permanece v\u00e1lida una calibraci\u00f3n?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-what-sieve-calibration-cannot-do\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-what-sieve-calibration-cannot-do\">Lo que la calibraci\u00f3n de tamices no puede hacer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-making-calibration-work-for-your-process\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-making-calibration-work-for-your-process\">C\u00f3mo lograr que la calibraci\u00f3n funcione para su proceso.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Art\u00edculos relacionados<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 id=\"h-rosin-rammler-and-swebrec-what-s-the-difference\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Rosin-Rammler y Swebrec: \u00bfCu\u00e1l es la diferencia?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">WipWare admite dos modelos de distribuci\u00f3n matem\u00e1tica que se utilizan habitualmente para describir material fragmentado.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"706\" height=\"341\" src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/RR-and-SF.png\" alt=\"Interfaz de calibraci\u00f3n de tamices WipFrag que compara las variables de distribuci\u00f3n de Rosin-Rammler y Swebrec.\" class=\"wp-image-11379\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/RR-and-SF.png 706w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/RR-and-SF-300x145.png 300w, https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/RR-and-SF-18x9.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 706px) 100vw, 706px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Rosin\u2013Rammler and Swebrec variables in WipFrag and WipWare systems.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Rosina-Rammler<\/strong> describe una distribuci\u00f3n del tama\u00f1o de part\u00edcula utilizando el tama\u00f1o caracter\u00edstico (<em>Xc<\/em>) y uniformidad (<em>n<\/em>) par\u00e1metros. Tiene una larga trayectoria en el an\u00e1lisis de fragmentaci\u00f3n y conminuci\u00f3n. El m\u00e9todo Rosin-Rammler suele ser \u00fatil para materiales sin un tama\u00f1o m\u00e1ximo determinable, como los materiales sin triturar extra\u00eddos de la mina.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Swebrec<\/strong> Swebrec proporciona otra representaci\u00f3n matem\u00e1tica de las distribuciones de tama\u00f1o de part\u00edcula, utilizando par\u00e1metros relacionados con el tama\u00f1o mediano, el tama\u00f1o m\u00e1ximo y la forma de la distribuci\u00f3n. Suele ser \u00fatil para materiales con un tama\u00f1o m\u00e1ximo determinado, como los materiales triturados o cribados.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Sin embargo, <\/strong>En lugar de asumir que un modelo es universalmente mejor para una industria o material en particular, revise c\u00f3mo concuerda cada distribuci\u00f3n ajustada con la referencia de laboratorio en el rango de tama\u00f1o de part\u00edcula relevante antes de elegir qu\u00e9 modelo aplicar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El modelo seleccionado debe respaldar los objetivos de medici\u00f3n de la aplicaci\u00f3n, NO simplemente generar un gr\u00e1fico atractivo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-how-long-does-a-calibration-remain-valid\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00bfCu\u00e1nto tiempo permanece v\u00e1lida una calibraci\u00f3n?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">No existe un intervalo de tiempo universal tras el cual deba recalibrarse cada sistema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La calibraci\u00f3n sigue siendo \u00fatil mientras la relaci\u00f3n entre las mediciones de la imagen y el material que se est\u00e1 monitorizando se mantenga suficientemente constante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Puede ser necesario realizar una revalidaci\u00f3n tras los siguientes cambios:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Posici\u00f3n de la c\u00e1mara, \u00f3ptica, escala de la imagen o iluminaci\u00f3n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Detecci\u00f3n de part\u00edculas u otros ajustes de an\u00e1lisis.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tipo de material, composici\u00f3n o distribuci\u00f3n del tama\u00f1o.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Profundidad de carga, segregaci\u00f3n o presentaci\u00f3n del material.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Condiciones del proceso que afectan sustancialmente las mediciones.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un cambio no implica necesariamente que el sistema deba recalibrarse de inmediato. Sin embargo, los cambios significativos deber\u00edan motivar una revisi\u00f3n de la referencia existente y de si esta sigue siendo representativa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Las comparaciones peri\u00f3dicas con los resultados de laboratorio pueden ayudar a determinar si una calibraci\u00f3n sigue cumpliendo los requisitos de la operaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-what-sieve-calibration-cannot-do\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Lo que la calibraci\u00f3n de tamices no puede hacer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La calibraci\u00f3n del tamiz es un ajuste matem\u00e1tico basado en datos de referencia f\u00edsicos. No sustituye el muestreo representativo, la resoluci\u00f3n de imagen adecuada ni un buen dise\u00f1o de la instalaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">No puede identificar directamente las part\u00edculas ocultas bajo la superficie del material ni distinguir part\u00edculas individuales que son demasiado peque\u00f1as para ser resueltas en la imagen original.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tampoco puede garantizar que la relaci\u00f3n establecida durante la calibraci\u00f3n siga siendo v\u00e1lida si las caracter\u00edsticas del material o las condiciones de imagen cambian significativamente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Estas limitaciones son la raz\u00f3n por la que la calibraci\u00f3n debe estar respaldada por una recopilaci\u00f3n de im\u00e1genes adecuada, un muestreo f\u00edsico representativo y una validaci\u00f3n peri\u00f3dica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-making-calibration-work-for-your-process\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00f3mo lograr que la calibraci\u00f3n funcione para su proceso.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La decisi\u00f3n de calibrar debe comenzar con el objetivo de la medici\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Si una operaci\u00f3n necesita principalmente realizar un seguimiento de los cambios en la fragmentaci\u00f3n o detectar part\u00edculas de tama\u00f1o excesivo, las mediciones sin calibrar pueden proporcionar toda la informaci\u00f3n necesaria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Si la aplicaci\u00f3n depende de distribuciones de tama\u00f1o de part\u00edcula que se correspondan con los resultados de tamizado de laboratorio, la calibraci\u00f3n puede proporcionar una conexi\u00f3n \u00fatil entre el muestreo f\u00edsico peri\u00f3dico y la monitorizaci\u00f3n automatizada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">de WipWare <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/products\/solo\/\"><strong>Solo<\/strong><\/a> y <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/products\/reflex\/\"><strong>Reflejo<\/strong><\/a> Estos sistemas proporcionan capacidades de medici\u00f3n para diferentes aplicaciones de manipulaci\u00f3n de materiales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para obtener m\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n sobre c\u00f3mo las mediciones automatizadas pueden respaldar las decisiones operativas, consulte <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/kb\/evaluating-rock-comminution-from-pre-blast-to-post-blast-and-through-mineral-processing\/\"><strong>De la voladura a la planta de procesamiento: uso de datos de fragmentaci\u00f3n para mejorar el rendimiento minero.<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para obtener informaci\u00f3n detallada sobre los procedimientos de puesta en marcha y la configuraci\u00f3n de calibraci\u00f3n espec\u00edfica del software, consulte la documentaci\u00f3n actual del sistema WipWare o <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/contact\/\"><strong>Contacta con WipWare<\/strong><\/a> para asistencia t\u00e9cnica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u00a1Porque no se puede gestionar lo que no se puede medir!<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-full-width is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Saltar a:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size is-horizontal is-layout-flex wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-contents\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-contents\">Introducci\u00f3n<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-what-is-sieve-calibration\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-what-is-sieve-calibration\">\u00bfQu\u00e9 es la calibraci\u00f3n de tamices?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-when-is-sieve-calibration-useful\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-when-is-sieve-calibration-useful\">\u00bfCu\u00e1ndo resulta \u00fatil la calibraci\u00f3n de tamices?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-sieve-calibration-in-practice-comparing-solo-with-laboratory-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-sieve-calibration-in-practice-comparing-solo-with-laboratory-results\">Sieve Calibration in Practice<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-when-is-calibration-unnecessary\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-when-is-calibration-unnecessary\">\u00bfCu\u00e1ndo es innecesaria la calibraci\u00f3n?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-preparing-for-sieve-calibration\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-preparing-for-sieve-calibration\">Preparaci\u00f3n para la calibraci\u00f3n del tamiz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-system-sieve-calibration-procedure\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-system-sieve-calibration-procedure\">Procedimiento de calibraci\u00f3n del tamiz del sistema<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-rosin-rammler-and-swebrec-what-s-the-difference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-rosin-rammler-and-swebrec-what-s-the-difference\">Rosin\u2013Rammler and Swebrec<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-how-long-does-a-calibration-remain-valid\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-how-long-does-a-calibration-remain-valid\">\u00bfCu\u00e1nto tiempo permanece v\u00e1lida una calibraci\u00f3n?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-what-sieve-calibration-cannot-do\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-what-sieve-calibration-cannot-do\">Lo que la calibraci\u00f3n de tamices no puede hacer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-container-content-7c51e427 wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#h-making-calibration-work-for-your-process\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-making-calibration-work-for-your-process\">C\u00f3mo lograr que la calibraci\u00f3n funcione para su proceso.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" id=\"h-related-articles\"\/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Comprenda c\u00f3mo la calibraci\u00f3n de tamices relaciona las mediciones automatizadas del tama\u00f1o de las part\u00edculas con los resultados de laboratorio, cu\u00e1ndo es \u00fatil la calibraci\u00f3n y c\u00f3mo preparar, comparar y validar muestras representativas.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":11378,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[91],"tags":[104,89,93,94],"class_list":["post-449","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kb","tag-aggregates","tag-mining","tag-reflex","tag-solo"],"acf":{"related_posts":[{"ID":411,"post_author":"20","post_date":"2025-07-16 15:38:19","post_date_gmt":"2025-07-16 19:38:19","post_content":"<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>One of the most common questions we receive about automated particle size measurement is, <strong>\"How small can Solo measure?\"<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The answer depends on the material, conveyor dimensions, camera configuration, and installation conditions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>While WipFrag can analyze extremely small particles in suitable microscope images, measuring material moving on industrial conveyors presents different requirements. A system monitoring coarse rock on a wide primary crusher conveyor cannot necessarily resolve the same particle sizes as one installed over a narrower conveyor carrying smaller material.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Understanding these differences helps ensure the measurement system is configured for the particle sizes that matter to your operation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-what-determines-the-detectable-particle-size-range\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-what-determines-the-detectable-particle-size-range\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">What Determines the Detectable Particle Size Range?<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The detectable particle size range is primarily influenced by how much material the camera needs to observe and how much image detail is available within that area.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Several factors are important:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Field of view:<\/strong> The physical area visible to the camera. A wider view captures more material but provides less image detail per unit of material size.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Camera resolution:<\/strong> The number of pixels available to distinguish individual particles. Higher resolution can provide more detail across a given field of view but can also decrease the overall accuracy of particle delineation from excessive detail.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Mounting distance and lens selection:<\/strong> Together, these determine the area captured and the image scale.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Material presentation:<\/strong> Particle overlap, surface visibility, loading depth, and material spread can affect which particles can be distinguished.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Lighting and image quality:<\/strong> Consistent illumination, adequate contrast, and clear images help support reliable particle identification.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Conveyor installations offer several advantages for automated monitoring. The camera can remain in a fixed position, material generally travels along a predictable path, and dedicated lighting can help maintain consistent measurement conditions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>However, every application has its own physical constraints. The appropriate configuration depends on the measurement objective as well as the conveyor itself.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-how-field-of-view-affects-particle-size-measurement\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-how-field-of-view-affects-particle-size-measurement\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">How Field of View Affects Particle Size Measurement<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Field of view is one of the most important considerations when configuring a conveyor analysis system.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":11221,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Wide-vs-Narrow-FOV.png\" alt=\"Field-of-view comparison diagram\" class=\"wp-image-11221\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Conceptual illustration of field-of-view trade-offs. Not to scale; the achievable resolution depends on the actual camera and optics.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A camera observing a larger area must distribute its available image pixels across that wider view. As a result, smaller particles occupy fewer pixels and become more difficult to distinguish individually.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Narrowing the field of view increases the image detail available for smaller particles. However, it also reduces the area covered and may limit the ability to capture large particles completely.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>The goal is NOT simply to achieve the smallest detectable particle size. It is to capture the range of material sizes relevant to the process.<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, detecting oversize material after primary crushing presents different requirements from monitoring particle size distribution on a conveyor feeding a grinding mill.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-example-comparing-two-conveyor-applications\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-example-comparing-two-conveyor-applications\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example: Comparing Two Conveyor Applications<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Consider two operations with different conveyor dimensions and measurement objectives.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:table -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Application<\/th><th>Copper operation<\/th><th>Gold operation<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Conveyor width<\/td><td>3 m (10 ft)<\/td><td>1.2 m (4 ft)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Measurement location<\/td><td>Primary crusher output<\/td><td>SAG mill feed<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Typical measurement focus<\/td><td>Coarser material and oversize<\/td><td>Smaller particles and PSD variability<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Field-of-view considerations<\/td><td>Wider coverage may be required<\/td><td>Narrower coverage may allow greater image detail<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Approximate minimum detectable size*<\/td><td>3.26 mm (just over \u215b in;<br>approximately ASTM E11 No. 6)<\/td><td>1.30 mm (0.051 in;<br>between ASTM E11 No. 14 and No. 16)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Approximate maximum measurable size*<\/td><td>1800 mm (70.9 in)<\/td><td>720 mm (28.3 in)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:table -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>In the copper application, the wider conveyor and material stream require a larger field of view, prioritizing coverage of coarser material and the particle sizes most relevant to crusher performance.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>In the gold application, the narrower material stream allows a smaller field of view, providing greater image detail for distinguishing smaller particles.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>*These theoretical estimates assume the material stream occupies 80% of the conveyor width, with the same camera resolution and measurement criteria applied to both examples. Actual material spread typically ranges from 70% to 85% of conveyor width, while measurable particle sizes also depend on lens selection, mounting geometry, and image quality. Imperial and ASTM E11 sieve references are approximate; sieve designations do not represent exact optical detection limits. Maximum measurable sizes are estimated at 75% of the field-of-view width to allow particles to be captured completely.<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-can-the-detectable-size-range-be-adjusted\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-can-the-detectable-size-range-be-adjusted\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Can the Detectable Size Range Be Adjusted?<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Yes. Several configuration options can help align the measurement system with an application's requirements.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-adjusting-the-field-of-view\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-adjusting-the-field-of-view\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Adjusting the Field of View<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Changing the lens or mounting arrangement can provide a narrower or wider field of view.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A narrower view can improve the ability to distinguish smaller particles, provided the relevant material remains visible. A wider view can improve coverage of the material stream and accommodate larger particles.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These changes involve trade-offs, so the appropriate configuration depends on the measurement objective.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-selecting-the-appropriate-camera-configuration\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-selecting-the-appropriate-camera-configuration\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Selecting the Appropriate Camera Configuration<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Image resolution influences how much detail is available across the measurement area.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Camera and lens selection should be evaluated together, since higher resolution alone does NOT overcome poor lighting, obscured particles, or unsuitable installation geometry.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipWare evaluates these considerations when determining an appropriate configuration for each application.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-using-multiple-measurement-locations\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-using-multiple-measurement-locations\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Using Multiple Measurement Locations<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Some operations may benefit from additional camera locations where different measurement objectives or material conditions cannot be addressed effectively from a single viewpoint.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, measurements before and after a crusher can help distinguish incoming feed characteristics from changes in crusher output.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Multiple cameras may also be appropriate for separately observing different portions of a material stream.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>However, additional cameras do NOT necessarily produce more accurate or useful fragmentation measurements. They cannot reveal particles buried beneath the material surface, and their value depends on what additional information the operation requires.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-accounting-for-unresolved-material\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-accounting-for-unresolved-material\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Accounting for Unresolved Material<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Physical sampling and sieve analysis can help establish relationships between optical measurements and the overall material distribution.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Under suitable conditions, calibration may be used to account for particle fractions that cannot be individually resolved in the images.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>However, calibration does NOT improve the camera's physical resolution or allow it to directly measure particles hidden beneath larger material.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Where fine material is particularly important, the measurement method and sampling requirements should be evaluated carefully.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-choosing-between-maximum-size-monitoring-and-full-psd-analysis\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-choosing-between-maximum-size-monitoring-and-full-psd-analysis\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Choosing Between Maximum-Size Monitoring and Full PSD Analysis<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The appropriate particle size range also depends on the type of measurement required.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Solo Basic provides focused maximum particle size or colour monitoring. For example, an operation may only need to determine whether oversize particles are passing a particular conveyor location.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Solo Complete provides particle size distribution measurements across user-defined size classes, along with additional material characteristics such as shape, estimated volume, and colour.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This makes Solo Complete more appropriate for applications requiring detailed particle size trends, comparisons between processing stages, or evaluation against PSD targets.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A complete size distribution is NOT always necessary when a single maximum-size measurement provides the information needed for an operational decision.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-measuring-the-right-material-at-the-right-location\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-measuring-the-right-material-at-the-right-location\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Measuring the Right Material at the Right Location<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The most important question is NOT simply how small a particle a camera can distinguish, but whether the system can reliably measure the particle sizes that matter to the operation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>An installation intended to detect occasional oversize particles has different requirements from one intended to monitor the full PSD entering a grinding circuit.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Conveyor speed and analysis frequency also affect how often material is sampled. Even with suitable optical resolution, repeated image capture does NOT necessarily mean every particle passing the camera is analyzed.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Selecting a measurement location therefore requires considering both the detectable particle size range and how the resulting data will be used.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For a broader discussion of where to install measurement systems and how the results can support operational decisions, see <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/evaluating-rock-comminution-from-pre-blast-to-post-blast-and-through-mineral-processing\/\"><strong>From Blast to Mill: Using Fragmentation Data to Improve Mining Performance<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-conclusion\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-conclusion\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>There is no universal minimum or maximum detectable particle size for every conveyor analysis application.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The practical measurement range depends on the relationship between the material, field of view, camera resolution, and installation conditions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>By identifying the relevant particle sizes and measurement objectives before selecting the equipment configuration, operations can obtain more meaningful data without unnecessary complexity.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipWare works with customers to evaluate their materials, conveyor dimensions, and operating requirements to determine an appropriate measurement solution.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/contact\/\"><strong>Contact WipWare<\/strong><\/a> to discuss your application or explore the <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/solo\/\"><strong>Solo Conveyor Analysis System<\/strong><\/a> to learn more about automated conveyor particle measurement.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->","post_title":"Understanding Size Ranges in Conveyor Belt Analysis","post_excerpt":"Learn how conveyor dimensions, camera resolution, field of view, and installation conditions influence the particle sizes that Solo can measure in industrial applications.","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"understanding-size-ranges-in-conveyor-belt-analysis","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/evaluating-rock-comminution-from-pre-blast-to-post-blast-and-through-mineral-processing\/","post_modified":"2026-10-16 13:43:35","post_modified_gmt":"2026-10-16 17:43:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"http:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=411","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"3","filter":"raw"},{"ID":7938,"post_author":"6","post_date":"2025-04-25 12:51:15","post_date_gmt":"2025-04-25 16:51:15","post_content":"<!-- wp:paragraph {\"anchor\":\"h-\"} -->\n<p id=\"h-\">In crushing and mineral processing, particle size distribution (PSD) is an important measure of how material behaves as it moves through an operation. One of the most widely used indicators is <strong>P80<\/strong>, which describes the particle size at which 80% of the material passes.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>P80 helps engineers evaluate crushing and grinding performance, establish product size targets, and understand how material characteristics change between processing stages. However, it is only one part of the particle size distribution, and its usefulness depends on how it is measured and applied.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-what-is-p80\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-what-is-p80\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">What Is P80?<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>P80 is the particle size at which 80% of the material passes, typically expressed as a percentage of mass.<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, if crushed ore has a P80 of 120 mm:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Approximately 80% of the material, by mass, is smaller than 120 mm.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Approximately 20% is larger than 120 mm.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A smaller P80 generally indicates a finer material distribution, while a larger P80 indicates a coarser distribution.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>P80 is determined from the cumulative particle size distribution curve, which shows the percentage of material passing at different particle sizes.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-p80-f80-and-d80-what-s-the-difference\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-p80-f80-and-d80-what-s-the-difference\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">P80, F80, and D80: What's the Difference?<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These terms describe closely related measurements, but they are commonly used in different contexts.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:table {\"hasFixedLayout\":false} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><th>Term<\/th><th>Meaning<\/th><th>Common application<\/th><\/tr><tr><td><strong>P80<\/strong><\/td><td>80% passing size of a process <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>p<\/strong><\/span>roduct<\/td><td>Crusher or grinding circuit output<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>F80<\/strong><\/td><td>80% passing size of a process <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>f<\/strong><\/span>eed<\/td><td>Material entering a crusher or grinding mill<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>D80<\/strong><\/td><td>80% passing size of a particle size <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>d<\/strong><\/span>istribution<\/td><td>General fragmentation analysis and material characterization<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:table -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, if material enters a crusher with an F80 of 300 mm and leaves with a P80 of 75 mm, the 80% passing size has decreased by a factor of four.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipWare's <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/wipfrag\/\"><strong>WipFrag<\/strong><\/a> software generally reports percentile sizes using D-values, including D50, D80, and D95. D80 represents the same percentile as P80, although comparisons between measurement methods must account for their sampling and analysis approaches.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For more information on reading D-values and particle size distribution curves, see the <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipfrag-results-interpretation-guide\/\"><strong>WipFrag Results Interpretation Guide<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-how-is-p80-determined\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-how-is-p80-determined\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">How Is P80 Determined?<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>P80 is obtained from a particle size distribution. The measurement method depends on the material, particle sizes, and operating conditions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-sieve-analysis\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-sieve-analysis\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sieve Analysis<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>In conventional sieve analysis, a representative material sample is passed through a series of sieves with progressively smaller openings.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The material retained at each size is weighed, and the cumulative percentage passing is calculated. P80 is the size corresponding to 80% passing on the resulting distribution.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Sieve analysis provides a direct mass-based measurement but may require material collection, handling, and laboratory processing.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-image-based-particle-size-analysis\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-image-based-particle-size-analysis\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Image-Based Particle Size Analysis<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Image-based methods estimate particle size distributions by identifying and measuring particles visible in digital images.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipWare technologies support several measurement approaches:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/wipfrag\/\"><strong>WipFrag<\/strong><\/a> analyzes photographs collected in the field, laboratory, underground, or by UAV.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/reflex\/\"><strong>Reflex<\/strong><\/a> provides automated measurements of vehicle loads or material during discharge.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/solo\/\"><strong>Solo<\/strong><\/a> provides repeated measurements of material moving on conveyors and process lines.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The Complete configurations of Solo and Reflex provide PSD measurements, while their Basic configurations focus on maximum particle size and colour monitoring.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Unlike physical sieving, optical measurements are derived from visible particles and associated size-estimation methods. Particles that are buried, obscured, or too small to resolve cannot be directly measured from the image.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Where appropriate, calibration and representative physical sampling can help relate optical results to the overall material distribution.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-why-is-p80-important-in-crushing-and-mineral-processing\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-why-is-p80-important-in-crushing-and-mineral-processing\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why Is P80 Important in Crushing and Mineral Processing?<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":7939,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/On-Spec-Blast-1024x623.jpg\" alt=\"Chart showing PSD analysis\ncrushing and grinding, mineral processing\" class=\"wp-image-7939\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-1-crusher-performance-and-product-size-control\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-1-crusher-performance-and-product-size-control\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Crusher Performance and Product Size Control<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Crushers are designed to reduce material to sizes suitable for downstream equipment.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Monitoring P80 can help operations evaluate whether crusher output is becoming coarser or finer, compare performance under different operating conditions, and assess the effect of changes to crusher settings.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, a change in P80 following an adjustment to a crusher's closed-side setting (CSS) may indicate a change in product size.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>However, P80 alone does not establish whether material is suitable for the next process. A relatively small proportion of oversized particles may still cause problems even when the overall P80 meets its target.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Maximum particle size, higher percentile sizes, and the percentage of material above specific thresholds may therefore be equally important.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-2-grinding-circuit-efficiency\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-2-grinding-circuit-efficiency\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Grinding Circuit Efficiency<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>In grinding circuits, the relationship between feed size and product size helps determine the energy required for size reduction.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A common expression of this relationship is the Bond equation:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>W = 10 \u00d7 Wi \u00d7 (1\/\u221aP80 \u2212 1\/\u221aF80)<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Where:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>W<\/strong> is the estimated specific energy required, typically in kWh\/t.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Wi<\/strong> is the Bond Work Index.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>F80<\/strong> is the 80% passing size of the feed.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>P80<\/strong> is the 80% passing size of the product.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>In the conventional form of the equation, F80 and P80 are expressed in micrometres (\u00b5m).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The Bond Work Index is determined through standardized testing or other appropriate characterization methods; it is not calculated from F80 and P80 alone. The equation provides an estimate of grinding energy requirements, and practical applications may require additional correction factors.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The accuracy of grinding energy estimates also depends on the Bond Work Index used. Sample preparation, particle size, and testing methodology can influence its determination. Nikoli\u0107 and Trumi\u0107 (2021) examined these considerations for finer samples, highlighting the importance of appropriate methods when determining the Bond Work Index.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Generally, producing a finer product from the same feed requires additional grinding energy. The objective is therefore not always to minimize P80, but to achieve the particle size needed for the subsequent process without unnecessary energy consumption.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-3-mineral-liberation-and-recovery\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-3-mineral-liberation-and-recovery\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Mineral Liberation and Recovery<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Many mineral processing operations require valuable minerals to be sufficiently liberated from surrounding material before separation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>If grinding produces material that is too coarse, valuable minerals may remain locked within larger particles. If material is ground more finely than necessary, additional energy is consumed, and excessive fines may create problems for some separation processes.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The appropriate P80 depends on the ore's mineralogy, liberation characteristics, and downstream processing requirements.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>P80 provides a useful operating reference, but it does not directly measure mineral liberation or recovery.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-4-crusher-feed-compatibility-and-throughput\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-4-crusher-feed-compatibility-and-throughput\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Crusher Feed Compatibility and Throughput<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Material entering each processing stage must be suitable for the equipment receiving it.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Coarse or highly variable feed can affect crusher loading, throughput, and equipment performance. Conversely, excessive fines or material outside the preferred feed distribution can also influence how effectively equipment operates.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Monitoring feed size distributions helps identify changing conditions before they become persistent processing problems.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>P80 is useful for tracking the general coarseness of the feed, while additional PSD measurements can help identify problematic oversize or fines.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-5-process-control-and-optimization\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-5-process-control-and-optimization\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Process Control and Optimization<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Repeated particle size measurements can help operations understand whether material is remaining within an acceptable operating range.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Depending on the process, the information may support:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Evaluation of crusher setting adjustments.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Monitoring of crusher feed and discharge conditions.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Identification of changes in screening performance.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Assessment of grinding circuit feed variability.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Comparison of material from different sources or operating periods.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For suitable conveyor applications, <strong>Solo Complete<\/strong> provides automated PSD measurements that can be used to monitor P80 and other particle size indicators as material moves through the process.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For an explanation of how fragmentation measurements can be applied across multiple processing stages, see <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/evaluating-rock-comminution-from-pre-blast-to-post-blast-and-through-mineral-processing\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>From Blast to Mill: Using Fragmentation Data to Improve Mining Performance<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Published studies have also examined how particle size measurements relate to crusher productivity, grinding performance, and process stability. For practical examples of these applications, see <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipware-fragmentation-monitoring-case-studies\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"11349\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">WipWare Case Studies: Fragmentation and Process Monitoring<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-how-does-p80-change-between-process-stages\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-how-does-p80-change-between-process-stages\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">How Does P80 Change Between Process Stages?<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>P80 can be measured at several locations within a crushing and grinding circuit, but there is no universal target for every stage.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:table -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><th>Process stage<\/th><th>How P80 can be used<\/th><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Primary crushing<\/strong><\/td><td>Evaluate coarse product size and changes in crusher performance<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Secondary crushing<\/strong><\/td><td>Monitor additional size reduction and downstream feed consistency<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Tertiary crushing<\/strong><\/td><td>Assess finer product size and compliance with process requirements<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Grinding mill feed<\/strong><\/td><td>Characterize incoming material and changes in feed size<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Grinding circuit product<\/strong><\/td><td>Evaluate whether the material has reached the required fineness for downstream processing<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:table -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The appropriate size range depends on equipment design, material properties, and the intended product.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Just as importantly, the measurement technology must be suitable for the relevant particle sizes.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, automated optical analysis of coarse material on a conveyor has different measurement requirements from evaluating a finely ground product containing particles measured in micrometres.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>See <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/understanding-size-ranges-in-conveyor-belt-analysis\/\"><strong>Understanding Size Ranges in Conveyor Belt Analysis<\/strong><\/a> for an explanation of how field of view, camera resolution, and installation geometry influence detectable particle sizes.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":7940,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Solo-6-frame-564x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Conveyor analysis system over a conveyor belt\ncrushing and grinding\nmineral processing\" class=\"wp-image-7940\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-factors-that-influence-p80\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-factors-that-influence-p80\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Factors That Influence P80<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Particle size distribution can change for many reasons, including variations in the material itself and adjustments to the process.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Important influences include rock hardness and geological characteristics, blast fragmentation, crusher settings, equipment wear, feed rate, screening performance, and operating conditions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For mining operations, variation can begin before material enters the processing plant. Changes in geology or blasting conditions may influence the size distribution delivered to the primary crusher.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Our guide to <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\"><strong>Understanding Rock Blasting and Fragmentation<\/strong><\/a> explores the conditions and blast-design variables that influence the initial fragmentation of rock.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Because these factors can interact, a change in P80 should be treated as an indication that the material distribution has changed\u2014not automatic proof of a particular cause.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-why-p80-should-not-be-used-alone\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-why-p80-should-not-be-used-alone\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why P80 Should Not Be Used Alone<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Although P80 is an important measurement, two materials with the same P80 can have substantially different particle size distributions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>One may contain more fines, while another may have a greater concentration of oversized particles.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For more complete process evaluation, P80 can be considered alongside:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Other percentile sizes<\/strong>, such as D50 or D95.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Maximum particle size<\/strong>, especially where oversize presents a risk.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Percentage passing or retained at a defined size<\/strong>, such as a screen opening or process threshold.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>The complete PSD curve<\/strong>, including changes in distribution shape.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Specification envelopes<\/strong>, where the process has defined acceptable particle size limits.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The appropriate combination depends on what the operation needs to control.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, a crusher may require a maximum feed size limit in addition to an acceptable P80 range. A grinding circuit may need to monitor both overall feed coarseness and changes in fines content.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The most useful measurements are those that connect directly to an operational decision.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-conclusion\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-conclusion\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>P80 provides a practical way to describe and compare particle size distributions throughout crushing and mineral processing.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>It helps operations evaluate size reduction, establish process targets, monitor material variability, and understand the relationship between feed characteristics and downstream requirements.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>However, an appropriate P80 is not necessarily the smallest achievable value. It is the value that supports the requirements of the process.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>When combined with other PSD measurements, representative sampling, and relevant operating information, P80 becomes a more useful indicator of process performance.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipWare provides tools for measuring particle size distribution through field analysis, vehicle monitoring, and automated conveyor measurement.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Explore our <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/\"><strong>measurement technologies<\/strong><\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/contact\/\"><strong>contact WipWare<\/strong><\/a> to discuss the particle size measurements most relevant to your operation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-references\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-references\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">References<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Nikoli\u0107, V., &amp; Trumi\u0107, M. (2021). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mineng.2021.106858\">A new approach to the calculation of Bond work index for finer samples<\/a>. <em>Minerals Engineering, 165<\/em>, 106858.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->","post_title":"Understanding P80 in Crushing and Material Processing","post_excerpt":"Understand what P80 means, how it is determined, and why this important particle size measurement is used to evaluate crushing, grinding, and mineral processing performance.","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"understanding-p80-in-crushing-and-material-processing","to_ping":"","pinged":"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/understanding-size-ranges-in-conveyor-belt-analysis\/\nhttps:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipfrag-results-interpretation-guide\/\nhttps:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/evaluating-rock-comminution-from-pre-blast-to-post-blast-and-through-mineral-processing\/\nhttps:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipware-fragmentation-monitoring-case-studies\/","post_modified":"2026-10-21 15:50:50","post_modified_gmt":"2026-10-21 19:50:50","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=7938","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"3","filter":"raw"},{"ID":8503,"post_author":"20","post_date":"2025-10-30 11:11:50","post_date_gmt":"2025-10-30 15:11:50","post_content":"<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"width\":\"100%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\" style=\"flex-basis:100%\"><!-- wp:post-excerpt {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fill\",\"flexSize\":null},\"typography\":{\"fontStyle\":\"italic\",\"fontWeight\":\"700\"}}} \/-->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"20px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"20px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns\"><!-- wp:column {\"width\":\"100%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\" style=\"flex-basis:100%\"><!-- wp:yoast-seo\/table-of-contents {\"maxHeadingLevel\":2} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-yoast-seo-table-of-contents yoast-table-of-contents\"><h2>Table of contents<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"#h-1-start-with-the-process-not-the-measurement\" data-level=\"2\">1. Start with the Process, Not the Measurement<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-2-before-blasting-understanding-the-rock-mass\" data-level=\"2\">2. Before Blasting: Understanding the Rock Mass<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-3-after-blasting-measuring-what-was-produced\" data-level=\"2\">3. After Blasting: Measuring What Was Produced<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-4-from-pit-to-plant-measuring-material-during-haulage\" data-level=\"2\">4. From Pit to Plant: Measuring Material During Haulage<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-5-through-processing-continuous-conveyor-monitoring\" data-level=\"2\">5. Through Processing: Continuous Conveyor Monitoring<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-6-choosing-where-to-measure\" data-level=\"2\">6. Choosing Where to Measure<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-7-periodic-sampling-and-continuous-monitoring\" data-level=\"2\">7. Periodic Sampling and Continuous Monitoring<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-8-turning-measurements-into-process-decisions\" data-level=\"2\">8. Turning Measurements into Process Decisions<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-9-case-study-connecting-blast-fragmentation-to-crusher-requirements\" data-level=\"2\">9. Case Study: Connecting Blast Fragmentation to Crusher Requirements<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-10-building-long-term-visibility-across-the-life-of-a-mine\" data-level=\"2\">10. Building Long-Term Visibility Across the Life of a Mine<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-conclusion\" data-level=\"2\">Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:yoast-seo\/table-of-contents --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Rock fragmentation influences nearly every stage of mining and mineral processing. The size and distribution of material produced by blasting affect how efficiently it can be excavated, transported, crushed, and ground. Changes in fragmentation can influence equipment performance, processing costs, and the consistency of material moving through an operation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Yet these stages are often evaluated independently. Blasting teams assess their results, crusher operators monitor equipment performance, and processing personnel respond to changes in feed conditions. Without reliable measurements connecting these activities, it can be difficult to determine where variability originates or which adjustments will provide the greatest benefit.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Fragmentation measurement helps connect these stages by turning material size and other characteristics into data that can be compared, monitored, and used to guide operational decisions.<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>From pre-blast rock characterization to continuous conveyor monitoring, pit-to-plant fragmentation monitoring helps operations understand material behaviour, evaluate process performance, and identify opportunities for improvement throughout the life of a mine.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-1-start-with-the-process-not-the-measurement\">1. Start with the Process, Not the Measurement<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-2-before-blasting-understanding-the-rock-mass\">2. Before Blasting: Understanding the Rock Mass<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-3-after-blasting-measuring-what-was-produced\">3. After Blasting: Measuring What Was Produced<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-4-from-pit-to-plant-measuring-material-during-haulage\">4. From Pit to Plant: Measuring Material During Haulage<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-5-through-processing-continuous-conveyor-monitoring\">5. Through Processing: Continuous Conveyor Monitoring<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-6-choosing-where-to-measure\">6. Choosing Where to Measure<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-7-periodic-sampling-and-continuous-monitoring\">7. Periodic Sampling and Continuous Monitoring<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-8-turning-measurements-into-process-decisions\">8. Turning Measurements into Process Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-9-case-study-connecting-blast-fragmentation-to-crusher-requirements\">9. Case Study: Connecting Blast Fragmentation to Crusher Requirements<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-10-building-long-term-visibility-across-the-life-of-a-mine\">10. Building Long-Term Visibility Across the Life of a Mine<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-1-start-with-the-process-not-the-measurement\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-1-start-with-the-process-not-the-measurement\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Start with the Process, Not the Measurement<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Before deciding where to measure fragmentation, it is important to understand what the operation is trying to achieve.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>An acceptable particle size distribution (PSD) for one process may be unsuitable for another. Material that is easily handled by a large primary crusher may create difficulties in a smaller downstream crusher. Similarly, feed characteristics that support stable grinding performance at one operation may be undesirable at another.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The first step is therefore to establish the material characteristics that matter to each process.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These might include:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Maximum particle size entering a crusher or material handling system.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Particle size distribution feeding a crusher or grinding mill.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>The percentage of material within an acceptable size range.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Changes in particle size or shape between processing stages.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Variations in material characteristics between mining areas or feed sources.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Compliance with aggregate gradation requirements or other product specifications.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Once these requirements are understood, the operation can identify the measurements needed to evaluate them.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-understanding-particle-size-distribution\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-understanding-particle-size-distribution\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Understanding Particle Size Distribution<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Particle size distribution describes the relative proportions of different particle sizes within a material sample.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>It is commonly presented as a cumulative percent-passing curve, showing the percentage of material smaller than a given particle size.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>One frequently used measurement is <strong>P80<\/strong>, the particle size at which 80% of the material passes. Other measurements, such as P50 and P95, describe different portions of the distribution.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>P80 is useful for comparing feed and product sizes, tracking process changes, and evaluating crushing and grinding performance. However, it should not be treated as a complete description of the material.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Two samples can have the same P80 while containing very different proportions of oversize, intermediate particles, or fines.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, an operation concerned with crusher blockages may need to monitor the largest particles and the percentage exceeding a specific size limit. In that case, P80 alone may not provide the information needed to make a decision.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For a more detailed explanation, see <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/understanding-p80-in-crushing-and-material-processing\/\">Understanding P80 in Crushing and Material Processing<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-using-specification-envelopes\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-using-specification-envelopes\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Using Specification Envelopes<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A specification envelope defines acceptable limits for a particle size distribution.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Rather than evaluating a PSD curve without context, operators can compare measured results with an established range of acceptable material sizes.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These limits may be based on equipment requirements, product specifications, operating targets, or other performance criteria.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, a crusher may have a maximum acceptable feed size, while an aggregate producer may need to maintain a product gradation within specified limits.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":7939,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/On-Spec-Blast-1024x623.jpg\" alt=\"On spec blast information as a chart\" class=\"wp-image-7939\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipWare's measurement technologies can help operators evaluate material against defined particle size criteria. In WipFrag, specification envelopes provide a visual reference for comparing measured PSD curves with the desired distribution.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>By establishing what constitutes acceptable material before collecting measurements, operations can more readily identify meaningful deviations and determine when further investigation or corrective action is required.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-1-start-with-the-process-not-the-measurement\">1. Start with the Process, Not the Measurement<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-2-before-blasting-understanding-the-rock-mass\">2. Before Blasting: Understanding the Rock Mass<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-3-after-blasting-measuring-what-was-produced\">3. After Blasting: Measuring What Was Produced<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-4-from-pit-to-plant-measuring-material-during-haulage\">4. From Pit to Plant: Measuring Material During Haulage<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-5-through-processing-continuous-conveyor-monitoring\">5. Through Processing: Continuous Conveyor Monitoring<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-6-choosing-where-to-measure\">6. Choosing Where to Measure<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-7-periodic-sampling-and-continuous-monitoring\">7. Periodic Sampling and Continuous Monitoring<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-8-turning-measurements-into-process-decisions\">8. Turning Measurements into Process Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-9-case-study-connecting-blast-fragmentation-to-crusher-requirements\">9. Case Study: Connecting Blast Fragmentation to Crusher Requirements<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-10-building-long-term-visibility-across-the-life-of-a-mine\">10. Building Long-Term Visibility Across the Life of a Mine<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-2-before-blasting-understanding-the-rock-mass\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-2-before-blasting-understanding-the-rock-mass\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Before Blasting: Understanding the Rock Mass<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Fragmentation begins with the characteristics of the rock itself.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Rock strength, density, joint spacing, bedding, faults, and other geological features influence how explosive energy interacts with the material and how fragments develop.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Even where drilling patterns and explosive loading remain consistent, changes in geological conditions can produce different fragmentation results.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Understanding these conditions before blasting provides valuable context when evaluating the results afterward.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-rock-structure-characterization-with-wipjoint\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-rock-structure-characterization-with-wipjoint\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Rock Structure Characterization with WipJoint<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipFrag includes <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipjoint-guide\/\"><strong>WipJoint<\/strong><\/a>, a tool for characterizing rock structure from photographs of exposed rock faces.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipJoint measures apparent joint orientation, spacing, and persistence, along with estimated Rock Quality Designation (RQD) and apparent in-situ block size.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These measurements help describe structural variations within a rock mass that may influence how the material responds to blasting.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":8505,\"width\":\"641px\",\"height\":\"auto\",\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Face-1-828x1024.png\" alt=\"Pre blast rock face joint network analysis\" class=\"wp-image-8505\" style=\"width:641px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, a heavily fractured zone may break differently from an adjacent area containing larger, more competent rock blocks.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Comparing pre-blast structural characteristics with the fragmentation produced afterward can help engineers better understand these differences and evaluate the influence of geological conditions on blasting performance.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-establishing-fragmentation-objectives\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-establishing-fragmentation-objectives\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Establishing Fragmentation Objectives<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Before a blast, the operation can also establish fragmentation targets based on the requirements of downstream equipment.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These targets might include limiting oversize material that requires secondary breaking, producing a suitable feed size for the primary crusher, or maintaining a particular particle size distribution for subsequent processing.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Where appropriate, WipFrag's <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/blastcast-guide\/\"><strong>BlastCast<\/strong><\/a> tool can be used to compare modelled fragmentation with measured results from previous blasts.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>BlastCast uses the Kuz-Ram-Cunningham-Ouchterlony (KCO) model to predict fragmentation based on blast-design parameters, explosive characteristics, and rock conditions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>By calibrating the model's Rock Factor against actual fragmentation measurements, engineers can establish a baseline for comparing how changes to selected blast-design parameters may influence the predicted PSD under similar rock conditions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These assessments provide a basis for evaluating possible changes, although actual blasting results must still be measured to confirm the outcome.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For more information about the physical mechanisms and design factors influencing fragmentation, see <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\"><strong>Understanding Rock Blasting and Fragmentation<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-1-start-with-the-process-not-the-measurement\">1. Start with the Process, Not the Measurement<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-2-before-blasting-understanding-the-rock-mass\">2. Before Blasting: Understanding the Rock Mass<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-3-after-blasting-measuring-what-was-produced\">3. After Blasting: Measuring What Was Produced<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-4-from-pit-to-plant-measuring-material-during-haulage\">4. From Pit to Plant: Measuring Material During Haulage<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-5-through-processing-continuous-conveyor-monitoring\">5. Through Processing: Continuous Conveyor Monitoring<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-6-choosing-where-to-measure\">6. Choosing Where to Measure<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-7-periodic-sampling-and-continuous-monitoring\">7. Periodic Sampling and Continuous Monitoring<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-8-turning-measurements-into-process-decisions\">8. Turning Measurements into Process Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-9-case-study-connecting-blast-fragmentation-to-crusher-requirements\">9. Case Study: Connecting Blast Fragmentation to Crusher Requirements<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-10-building-long-term-visibility-across-the-life-of-a-mine\">10. Building Long-Term Visibility Across the Life of a Mine<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-3-after-blasting-measuring-what-was-produced\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-3-after-blasting-measuring-what-was-produced\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. After Blasting: Measuring What Was Produced<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Once a blast is completed, fragmentation analysis provides the first opportunity to evaluate the resulting material against the original objectives.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Visual assessments can reveal obvious oversize or uneven fragmentation, but they cannot consistently quantify the particle size distribution.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/wipfrag\/\"><strong>WipFrag<\/strong><\/a> converts photographs of exposed fragmented material into particle size distribution measurements, allowing operators to compare blast results quantitatively.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Images can be collected from muckpiles, benches, underground stopes, stockpiles, and other accessible material. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can also provide imagery covering larger exposed areas.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-comparing-blasts-and-identifying-variability\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-comparing-blasts-and-identifying-variability\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Comparing Blasts and Identifying Variability<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Quantitative measurements make it possible to compare fragmentation between different blasts, mining areas, geological conditions, and design configurations.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, an operation may compare the percentage of oversize material produced by successive blasts or assess whether changes in the drilling pattern are associated with a shift in the PSD.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Multiple images can be combined to represent a broader sampling area, while suitable UAV imagery can help reveal spatial differences across a muckpile.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":11028,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-UAV-GIS-Heatmap.png\" alt=\"A screenshot of WipFrag's GIS feature showing the heatmap of a UAV orthomosaic image analysis.\" class=\"wp-image-11028\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A fragmentation map may show that one area contains consistently larger fragments than another. When compared with geological observations and drilling records, this information can help identify conditions requiring further investigation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>However, fragmentation measurements do not independently establish why a particular result occurred. Similar patterns can arise from differences in rock structure, burden, spacing, explosive distribution, or other factors.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The greatest value comes from evaluating the measurements alongside the corresponding blast records.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-measuring-representative-material\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-measuring-representative-material\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Measuring Representative Material<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>As with any sampling method, the usefulness of fragmentation data depends on whether the measurements represent the material being evaluated.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Images should be collected from appropriate locations and under suitable conditions, with enough samples to account for material variability.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Photographic analysis measures particles visible at the surface. Buried material and particles obscured by larger fragments cannot be measured directly.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For practical guidance, see the <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipfrag-image-capture-and-sampling-guide\/\"><strong>WipFrag Image Capture &amp; Sampling Guide<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-professional-fragmentation-analysis-with-mailfrag\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-professional-fragmentation-analysis-with-mailfrag\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Professional Fragmentation Analysis with MailFrag<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Not every operation has the personnel, time, or resources to conduct fragmentation analysis internally.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For these applications, WipWare offers <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/wipfrag\/#h-mailfrag\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/wipfrag\/#h-mailfrag\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">MailFrag<\/a><\/strong>, a professional analysis service available through WipFrag.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Users prepare and submit their images with the appropriate scaling information, and WipWare's analysis specialists complete the particle delineation, review, and analysis. The completed results are returned through WipFrag.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This provides an alternative for operations that require quantitative fragmentation measurements without performing the analysis themselves.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>MailFrag can be particularly useful for occasional fragmentation assessments, specialized projects, or organizations seeking assistance with their analysis workflow.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Whether performed internally or through MailFrag, the objective remains the same: obtain reliable, representative fragmentation measurements that can support meaningful operational decisions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-1-start-with-the-process-not-the-measurement\">1. Start with the Process, Not the Measurement<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-2-before-blasting-understanding-the-rock-mass\">2. Before Blasting: Understanding the Rock Mass<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-3-after-blasting-measuring-what-was-produced\">3. After Blasting: Measuring What Was Produced<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-4-from-pit-to-plant-measuring-material-during-haulage\">4. From Pit to Plant: Measuring Material During Haulage<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-5-through-processing-continuous-conveyor-monitoring\">5. Through Processing: Continuous Conveyor Monitoring<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-6-choosing-where-to-measure\">6. Choosing Where to Measure<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-7-periodic-sampling-and-continuous-monitoring\">7. Periodic Sampling and Continuous Monitoring<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-8-turning-measurements-into-process-decisions\">8. Turning Measurements into Process Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-9-case-study-connecting-blast-fragmentation-to-crusher-requirements\">9. Case Study: Connecting Blast Fragmentation to Crusher Requirements<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-10-building-long-term-visibility-across-the-life-of-a-mine\">10. Building Long-Term Visibility Across the Life of a Mine<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-4-from-pit-to-plant-measuring-material-during-haulage\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-4-from-pit-to-plant-measuring-material-during-haulage\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. From Pit to Plant: Measuring Material During Haulage<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Fragmentation measurements collected from a muckpile describe the material at a particular stage of the operation. However, material characteristics can vary considerably as different areas are excavated, blended, transported, and delivered to processing.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This creates another opportunity for measurement.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-vehicle-load-analysis-with-reflex\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-vehicle-load-analysis-with-reflex\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vehicle Load Analysis with Reflex<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/reflex\/\"><strong>Reflex<\/strong><\/a> is an automated particle measurement system designed for material carried in haul trucks, loaders, railcars, and other vehicles.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Depending on the installation, the system can capture material in a vehicle load or as it is discharged at a receiving location.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":10037,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Reflex-AS1682869331-1024x683.png\" alt=\"Reflex measuring fragmentation in mine haul-truck loads and quarry haul-truck loads.\" class=\"wp-image-10037\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Reflex Basic provides focused maximum-size or colour monitoring, while Reflex Complete provides particle size distribution, shape, and colour measurements.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These measurements allow operators to compare material from one vehicle load to another and identify changes before the material reaches downstream equipment.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-connecting-loading-and-haulage-to-processing\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-connecting-loading-and-haulage-to-processing\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Connecting Loading and Haulage to Processing<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Load-by-load measurements can be particularly useful when material is delivered from different blasting areas or when the operation experiences substantial variability in crusher feed.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, monitoring the size distribution of material arriving at a primary crusher can help operators determine whether coarse feed conditions are isolated or recurring.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Where load identity, location, and dispatch information are available, fragmentation results can also be associated with particular mining areas or material movements.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This provides a way to connect upstream fragmentation conditions with the material being delivered to processing.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The information may support operational decisions involving material routing, feed management, oversize handling, or further investigation of a particular source.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-tracking-changes-between-the-pit-and-the-crusher\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-tracking-changes-between-the-pit-and-the-crusher\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tracking Changes Between the Pit and the Crusher<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Measurements collected at different stages can also help distinguish between fragmentation as initially produced by blasting and the material subsequently delivered to processing.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The material visible in a muckpile is not necessarily identical in distribution to the material arriving at a crusher. Loading practices, material segregation, blending, and handling can all influence the composition of individual loads.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Comparing measurements from different locations provides additional context about these changes.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This is particularly valuable when an operation is trying to understand whether inconsistent crusher feed originates with blasting, material handling, or the combination of multiple feed sources.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The objective is not necessarily to measure every fragment, but to collect useful, consistent information about the material moving between stages.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-1-start-with-the-process-not-the-measurement\">1. Start with the Process, Not the Measurement<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-2-before-blasting-understanding-the-rock-mass\">2. Before Blasting: Understanding the Rock Mass<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-3-after-blasting-measuring-what-was-produced\">3. After Blasting: Measuring What Was Produced<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-4-from-pit-to-plant-measuring-material-during-haulage\">4. From Pit to Plant: Measuring Material During Haulage<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-5-through-processing-continuous-conveyor-monitoring\">5. Through Processing: Continuous Conveyor Monitoring<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-6-choosing-where-to-measure\">6. Choosing Where to Measure<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-7-periodic-sampling-and-continuous-monitoring\">7. Periodic Sampling and Continuous Monitoring<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-8-turning-measurements-into-process-decisions\">8. Turning Measurements into Process Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-9-case-study-connecting-blast-fragmentation-to-crusher-requirements\">9. Case Study: Connecting Blast Fragmentation to Crusher Requirements<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-10-building-long-term-visibility-across-the-life-of-a-mine\">10. Building Long-Term Visibility Across the Life of a Mine<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-5-through-processing-continuous-conveyor-monitoring\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-5-through-processing-continuous-conveyor-monitoring\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Through Processing: Continuous Conveyor Monitoring<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Once material enters the crushing and processing circuit, its particle size distribution continues to change.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Crushers reduce larger particles, screens separate material into size ranges, and grinding circuits prepare feed for subsequent processing.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>At the same time, differences in rock properties, equipment condition, operating settings, and incoming material can cause the size distribution to vary.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Conveyors provide useful locations to monitor these changes while material is moving through the operation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-conveyor-particle-measurement-with-solo\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-conveyor-particle-measurement-with-solo\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conveyor Particle Measurement with Solo<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/products\/solo\/\"><strong>Solo<\/strong><\/a> is an automated conveyor measurement system that repeatedly captures and analyzes material as it travels through a processing circuit.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Depending on its configuration, Solo can provide maximum particle size, particle size distribution, particle shape, estimated volume, and colour measurements.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":10064,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/SoloConveyorSystem-PSD-1024x683.png\" alt=\"Particle size monitoring of limestone or clinker in cement production\" class=\"wp-image-10064\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Solo Basic provides focused maximum-size or colour monitoring, while Solo Complete offers full PSD analysis and additional material measurements.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These capabilities allow operations to select a measurement approach appropriate to the decision being supported.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, detecting material that exceeds a particular size limit may only require maximum particle size monitoring. Understanding how the complete distribution changes through crushing or blending generally requires PSD measurements.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-monitoring-crusher-performance\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-monitoring-crusher-performance\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Monitoring Crusher Performance<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Installing a measurement system after a crusher allows operators to evaluate the material being produced.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Changes in product size may indicate variations in feed characteristics, operating conditions, crusher settings, or equipment wear.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A developing oversize trend can prompt an operator to investigate whether the crusher is producing material outside the desired range.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Where permitted by the equipment and control strategy, measurement data can also be integrated into process control systems to support alarms or automated adjustments.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>However, the measurements do not independently establish the cause of a change. Crusher operating data and other process information are needed to determine the appropriate response.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-screening-and-oversize-detection\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-screening-and-oversize-detection\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Screening and Oversize Detection<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Screening operations present another useful measurement point.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>When a screen wears, becomes damaged, or performs poorly, unexpected material sizes may begin appearing in its output.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Monitoring material downstream of a screen can help identify particles exceeding the intended size limit.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>An alert may allow operators to investigate a developing problem before significant quantities of out-of-spec material enter a stockpile, processing circuit, or finished product stream.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The usefulness of this application depends on the particle sizes involved and whether they can be reliably resolved by the measurement system.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-grinding-circuit-feed-monitoring\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-grinding-circuit-feed-monitoring\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Grinding Circuit Feed Monitoring<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Material size entering an autogenous (AG) or semi-autogenous grinding (SAG) circuit can strongly influence how the mill operates.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Variations in the feed size distribution may affect grinding behaviour, circulating loads, and mill stability.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Measuring material on a conveyor feeding the mill can provide information about these changes and help operators evaluate the relationship between feed characteristics and process performance.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Depending on the operation, these measurements may support decisions involving feed rates, stockpile blending, or advanced process control.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The objective is not necessarily to maintain the smallest possible feed size, but to provide material appropriate for the grinding circuit and its operating conditions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-understanding-changes-across-processing-stages\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-understanding-changes-across-processing-stages\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Understanding Changes Across Processing Stages<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Measurements become particularly informative when results from different processing locations can be compared.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, measurements collected before and after a crusher can help operators understand the relationship between incoming material and the resulting product.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Measurements at several points in a crushing circuit may reveal how changes in one stage influence the material delivered to the next.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Where appropriate, particle size data can also be evaluated alongside throughput, crusher settings, equipment power consumption, and other operating information.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This broader context helps distinguish changes in material characteristics from changes in equipment performance.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-1-start-with-the-process-not-the-measurement\">1. Start with the Process, Not the Measurement<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-2-before-blasting-understanding-the-rock-mass\">2. Before Blasting: Understanding the Rock Mass<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-3-after-blasting-measuring-what-was-produced\">3. After Blasting: Measuring What Was Produced<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-4-from-pit-to-plant-measuring-material-during-haulage\">4. From Pit to Plant: Measuring Material During Haulage<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-5-through-processing-continuous-conveyor-monitoring\">5. Through Processing: Continuous Conveyor Monitoring<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-6-choosing-where-to-measure\">6. Choosing Where to Measure<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-7-periodic-sampling-and-continuous-monitoring\">7. Periodic Sampling and Continuous Monitoring<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-8-turning-measurements-into-process-decisions\">8. Turning Measurements into Process Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-9-case-study-connecting-blast-fragmentation-to-crusher-requirements\">9. Case Study: Connecting Blast Fragmentation to Crusher Requirements<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-10-building-long-term-visibility-across-the-life-of-a-mine\">10. Building Long-Term Visibility Across the Life of a Mine<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-6-choosing-where-to-measure\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-6-choosing-where-to-measure\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. Choosing Where to Measure<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>There is no single ideal measurement location for every operation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The most useful location depends on the material, equipment, operating challenges, and the decisions that measurements are intended to support.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":11209,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Process.gif\" alt=\"An animated diagram of a mining process indicating where WipWare can be used\" class=\"wp-image-11209\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A practical approach is to start with the process question, then identify where the relevant material can be measured.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:table -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><th>Measurement location<\/th><th>What the measurement can help evaluate<\/th><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Pre-blast rock face<\/strong><\/td><td>Geological structure and conditions influencing fragmentation<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Blasted muckpile<\/strong><\/td><td>Blast performance, oversize, PSD, and spatial variability<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Vehicle loads or discharge points<\/strong><\/td><td>Load-to-load variation and material arriving from different sources<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Pre-primary crusher<\/strong><\/td><td>Incoming feed characteristics and material variability<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Post-primary crusher<\/strong><\/td><td>Crusher product size, oversize trends, and performance changes<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Post-secondary or tertiary crusher<\/strong><\/td><td>Product consistency and the effects of crushing adjustments<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Post-screen conveyor<\/strong><\/td><td>Unexpected oversize, screen performance, and product compliance<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Grinding circuit feed<\/strong><\/td><td>Feed size variability, blending decisions, and process stability<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:table -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These locations are not interchangeable. Each answers a different operational question.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-before-or-after-a-crusher\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-before-or-after-a-crusher\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Before or After a Crusher?<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A measurement before a crusher describes the material entering the machine. It can help establish whether variations in feed size may be contributing to changes in performance.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A measurement after the crusher describes the material produced. It can help evaluate whether the output meets the desired requirements and whether the distribution changes over time.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Both measurements can be useful together because they provide information about the relationship between incoming material and the resulting product.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>However, the additional information only creates value when the operation has a reason to use it.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-choosing-the-right-measurement-system\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-choosing-the-right-measurement-system\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Choosing the Right Measurement System<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Selecting a measurement system involves more than determining where it will be installed. The technology must also provide the information needed to support the intended operational decision.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipWare offers different measurement approaches based on how material is presented and what characteristics need to be evaluated.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>WipFrag<\/strong> supports on-demand fragmentation and particle analysis from photographs collected in the field, laboratory, underground, or by UAV.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Reflex<\/strong> provides automated measurements of material in vehicle loads or during discharge, helping operations monitor load-to-load variability.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Solo<\/strong> provides repeated measurements of material on conveyors and process lines, supporting continuous monitoring and process control.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For automated systems, choosing between Basic and Complete configurations depends on the information required.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Basic \u2014 Focused Monitoring<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Solo Basic and Reflex Basic are designed for applications where the primary objective is to monitor maximum particle size or material colour.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, an operation may need to identify oversize material approaching a crusher, detect unexpected particles after screening, or monitor colour changes that could indicate differences in material characteristics.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Where a single measurement can provide the required operational signal, Basic may offer a more appropriate solution than full PSD analysis.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Complete \u2014 Comprehensive Material Analysis<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Solo Complete and Reflex Complete provide full particle size distribution measurements, along with particle shape and colour information. Solo Complete also provides estimated material volume.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These configurations are useful when operations need to understand changes across multiple particle size classes, compare complete distributions, or evaluate material characteristics over time.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Applications include monitoring crusher performance, evaluating grinding circuit feed, comparing material from different sources, and assessing compliance with particle size targets.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-matching-the-measurement-to-the-application\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-matching-the-measurement-to-the-application\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Matching the Measurement to the Application<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A more comprehensive measurement system is not necessarily more useful for every application.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, detecting particles above a defined size limit may require only maximum-size monitoring. By contrast, understanding how a crusher changes the overall particle size distribution generally requires more detailed PSD measurements.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The appropriate system also depends on whether the material can be measured reliably under the proposed installation conditions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Factors such as particle size, visibility, field of view, mounting distance, material movement, and environmental conditions all influence system selection.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The objective is to select the measurement capability that provides useful information for the process, without introducing unnecessary complexity.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-understanding-detectable-particle-size-ranges\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-understanding-detectable-particle-size-ranges\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Understanding Detectable Particle Size Ranges<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>An important consideration when selecting a measurement location is whether the system can reliably distinguish the particle sizes that matter to the operation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For optical conveyor monitoring, the detectable size range depends on camera resolution, lens selection, mounting distance, and field of view. A wider field of view allows the system to observe a larger area of material but reduces the image detail available for identifying smaller particles. A narrower field of view improves resolution for smaller particles but may limit coverage of larger material or the full material stream.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, monitoring coarse primary crusher output on a wide conveyor presents different requirements from measuring smaller material feeding a grinding mill. The appropriate camera configuration must account for both the material size distribution and the physical conditions at the measurement location.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These considerations are particularly important when selecting between maximum-size detection and complete particle size distribution analysis.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For a more detailed explanation, including practical installation examples, see <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/understanding-size-ranges-in-conveyor-belt-analysis\/\"><strong>Understanding Size Ranges in Conveyor Belt Analysis<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-1-start-with-the-process-not-the-measurement\">1. Start with the Process, Not the Measurement<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-2-before-blasting-understanding-the-rock-mass\">2. Before Blasting: Understanding the Rock Mass<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-3-after-blasting-measuring-what-was-produced\">3. After Blasting: Measuring What Was Produced<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-4-from-pit-to-plant-measuring-material-during-haulage\">4. From Pit to Plant: Measuring Material During Haulage<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-5-through-processing-continuous-conveyor-monitoring\">5. Through Processing: Continuous Conveyor Monitoring<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-6-choosing-where-to-measure\">6. Choosing Where to Measure<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-7-periodic-sampling-and-continuous-monitoring\">7. Periodic Sampling and Continuous Monitoring<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-8-turning-measurements-into-process-decisions\">8. Turning Measurements into Process Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-9-case-study-connecting-blast-fragmentation-to-crusher-requirements\">9. Case Study: Connecting Blast Fragmentation to Crusher Requirements<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-10-building-long-term-visibility-across-the-life-of-a-mine\">10. Building Long-Term Visibility Across the Life of a Mine<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-7-periodic-sampling-and-continuous-monitoring\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-7-periodic-sampling-and-continuous-monitoring\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. Periodic Sampling and Continuous Monitoring<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Traditional sieve analysis remains an important method of particle size measurement.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>When properly performed, it provides a physical assessment of the sampled material and can include fractions that are difficult to resolve through optical measurements.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>However, a sample collected periodically represents the material taken at that particular time and location.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>If material characteristics change significantly between samples, those variations may not be captured.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-the-value-of-more-frequent-measurements\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-the-value-of-more-frequent-measurements\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Value of More Frequent Measurements<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Automated monitoring systems repeatedly collect measurements while material moves through the process.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Instead of relying entirely on measurements taken at occasional intervals, operators can observe developing trends, compare operating periods, and identify unexpected changes.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, a crusher may produce material within the desired size range during a scheduled sampling period but experience intermittent oversize events during other operating conditions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A monitoring system can provide additional information about those variations.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Continuous monitoring does not mean that every particle is measured. Optical systems sample visible material at repeated intervals, and their results are influenced by the measurement frequency, installation geometry, and characteristics of the material.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Nevertheless, repeated measurements can reveal patterns that periodic sampling alone may miss.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-why-both-methods-matter\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-why-both-methods-matter\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why Both Methods Matter<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Automated optical measurements and physical sieve analysis provide complementary information.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Sieve analysis can help characterize bulk material and provide reference measurements, while automated systems provide more frequent observations of process behaviour.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Where appropriate, comparative sampling and calibration can help establish relationships between optical measurements and laboratory results.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Rather than treating one method as a replacement for the other, operations can combine them to support a more comprehensive understanding of material size and process variability.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The objective is to collect measurements that are both meaningful and sufficiently representative of the decisions they will inform.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-1-start-with-the-process-not-the-measurement\">1. Start with the Process, Not the Measurement<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-2-before-blasting-understanding-the-rock-mass\">2. Before Blasting: Understanding the Rock Mass<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-3-after-blasting-measuring-what-was-produced\">3. After Blasting: Measuring What Was Produced<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-4-from-pit-to-plant-measuring-material-during-haulage\">4. From Pit to Plant: Measuring Material During Haulage<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-5-through-processing-continuous-conveyor-monitoring\">5. Through Processing: Continuous Conveyor Monitoring<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-6-choosing-where-to-measure\">6. Choosing Where to Measure<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-7-periodic-sampling-and-continuous-monitoring\">7. Periodic Sampling and Continuous Monitoring<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-8-turning-measurements-into-process-decisions\">8. Turning Measurements into Process Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-9-case-study-connecting-blast-fragmentation-to-crusher-requirements\">9. Case Study: Connecting Blast Fragmentation to Crusher Requirements<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-10-building-long-term-visibility-across-the-life-of-a-mine\">10. Building Long-Term Visibility Across the Life of a Mine<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-8-turning-measurements-into-process-decisions\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-8-turning-measurements-into-process-decisions\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">8. Turning Measurements into Process Decisions<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Collecting more data does not automatically improve an operation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The practical value of measurement comes from establishing how the information will be evaluated and what action may be taken when conditions change.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A useful monitoring strategy links three elements:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list {\"ordered\":true,\"start\":1} -->\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Measurement:<\/strong> What material characteristic is being monitored?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Target:<\/strong> What range or condition is considered acceptable?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Response:<\/strong> What should happen when the measurement indicates a meaningful deviation?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ol>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-using-size-limits-and-specification-envelopes\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-using-size-limits-and-specification-envelopes\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Using Size Limits and Specification Envelopes<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A maximum particle size limit may be sufficient when the objective is to detect oversize material that could interfere with downstream equipment.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Other applications require monitoring the overall PSD against a specification envelope.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, a process may require that a particular percentage of material remain within an acceptable size range rather than simply remaining below a maximum size.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Comparing measurements against these limits allows operators to identify whether the material is within specification and how its distribution changes.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The appropriate limits must be established from the requirements of the equipment or process, rather than from general particle size targets.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-from-alerts-to-automation\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-from-alerts-to-automation\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">From Alerts to Automation<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Measurement results can be presented to operators for review, connected to alarms, or incorporated into a plant control system where supported.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipWare's automated systems can communicate measurement data through industrial protocols such as Modbus TCP and OPC UA.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This makes it possible to integrate particle measurements with other operating information used by a PLC, SCADA system, or control strategy.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, detecting a developing oversize condition after a crusher might prompt an operator to review the crusher settings or equipment condition.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>With suitable engineering and safeguards, the measurement could also contribute to an automated control strategy.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>One historical WipWare application at a mining operation in northern Quebec illustrates this approach. The operation needed to control material exceeding approximately 6 inches (150 mm) after primary crushing. Working with Xstrata Process Support (XPS) and a hydraulic toggle supplier, WipWare helped implement a system that identified oversize conditions and communicated with a PLC to support automatic crusher-setting adjustments.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The application demonstrates how particle measurements can become practical control inputs when integrated with appropriate equipment and process safeguards.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The decision to automate should depend on how reliably the measurement represents the process, how quickly a response is needed, and the operating consequences of the proposed adjustment.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The objective is to use measurement as a dependable input to an appropriate operational decision, not to automate simply because data is available.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-1-start-with-the-process-not-the-measurement\">1. Start with the Process, Not the Measurement<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-2-before-blasting-understanding-the-rock-mass\">2. Before Blasting: Understanding the Rock Mass<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-3-after-blasting-measuring-what-was-produced\">3. After Blasting: Measuring What Was Produced<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-4-from-pit-to-plant-measuring-material-during-haulage\">4. From Pit to Plant: Measuring Material During Haulage<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-5-through-processing-continuous-conveyor-monitoring\">5. Through Processing: Continuous Conveyor Monitoring<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-6-choosing-where-to-measure\">6. Choosing Where to Measure<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-7-periodic-sampling-and-continuous-monitoring\">7. Periodic Sampling and Continuous Monitoring<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-8-turning-measurements-into-process-decisions\">8. Turning Measurements into Process Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-9-case-study-connecting-blast-fragmentation-to-crusher-requirements\">9. Case Study: Connecting Blast Fragmentation to Crusher Requirements<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-10-building-long-term-visibility-across-the-life-of-a-mine\">10. Building Long-Term Visibility Across the Life of a Mine<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-9-case-study-connecting-blast-fragmentation-to-crusher-requirements\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-9-case-study-connecting-blast-fragmentation-to-crusher-requirements\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">9. Case Study: Connecting Blast Fragmentation to Crusher Requirements<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A research program at dstgroup's aggregate quarry in Portugal demonstrates how fragmentation measurement can connect blast evaluation with downstream processing requirements.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The research involved WipWare, O-Pitblast, and dstgroup, with the objective of improving the relationship between blasting performance and primary crusher compatibility.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-establishing-a-measurable-baseline\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-establishing-a-measurable-baseline\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Establishing a Measurable Baseline<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The initial phase combined detailed bench topography, blasthole surveys, blast-design simulation, and fragmentation measurement.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Using WipFrag, the researchers evaluated particle size distributions from blasted material and compared the results with the quarry's primary crusher requirements.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A crusher compatibility envelope helped identify material within the desired size range and oversize material requiring additional handling or breaking.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The initial assessments revealed differences between predicted and measured fragmentation, along with variations associated with blast geometry and drilling accuracy.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These findings provided a baseline for evaluating subsequent adjustments.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-evaluating-blast-design-changes\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-evaluating-blast-design-changes\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Evaluating Blast Design Changes<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Later phases of the research investigated changes to blast-design parameters, including stemming properties, subdrilling, drilling accuracy, and initiation timing.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Fragmentation measurements were used to compare the outcomes and evaluate whether the changes brought the material closer to the crusher's desired feed distribution.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The research ultimately demonstrated measurable improvements following targeted blast-design adjustments, including an 11% reduction in D80, a 19% reduction in maximum fragment size, and a 21% improvement in fragmentation efficiency. These changes brought the run-of-mine particle size distribution (PSD) 15% closer to the crusher compatibility envelope.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These results describe the particular conditions and comparisons used in the research, rather than performance improvements that can be assumed at other operations.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":8511,\"width\":\"693px\",\"height\":\"auto\",\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Result-1-1024x684.png\" alt=\"Result Blast comparison with focus blast parameters in blue and blast results in orange\" class=\"wp-image-8511\" style=\"width:693px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-extending-measurement-to-crusher-feed\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-extending-measurement-to-crusher-feed\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Extending Measurement to Crusher Feed<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The research also incorporated automated measurements using Reflex near the primary crusher.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These observations helped evaluate material arriving for processing and provided an additional way to compare the effects of blast-design changes over time. As mentioned above, following the initial blast-design adjustments, the run-of-mine particle size distribution (PSD) moved 15% closer to the crusher compatibility envelope established during the baseline phase.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The significance of the work is not simply that one blast produced smaller fragments.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>It demonstrates a measurement-driven process in which crusher requirements helped define the fragmentation targets, blast outcomes were measured, adjustments were evaluated, and subsequent material characteristics were monitored.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This approach connects the blasting operation with the requirements of downstream equipment rather than treating fragmentation as an isolated blasting result.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For further reading, see the published journal articles <strong><em>A Mine-to-Crusher Framework for Aggregate Operations<\/em><\/strong>: <a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/ISEE-37.-Mine-to-Crusher-Framework-for-Quarries-Taiwo.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Part 1<\/strong><\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/391348416_A_Mine-to-Crusher_Framework_for_Aggregate_Operations_-_Part_2\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/391348416_A_Mine-to-Crusher_Framework_for_Aggregate_Operations_-_Part_2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Part 2<\/strong><\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/onemine.org\/documents\/a-mine-to-crusher-framework-for-aggregate-operations-part-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Part 3<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-1-start-with-the-process-not-the-measurement\">1. Start with the Process, Not the Measurement<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-2-before-blasting-understanding-the-rock-mass\">2. Before Blasting: Understanding the Rock Mass<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-3-after-blasting-measuring-what-was-produced\">3. After Blasting: Measuring What Was Produced<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-4-from-pit-to-plant-measuring-material-during-haulage\">4. From Pit to Plant: Measuring Material During Haulage<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-5-through-processing-continuous-conveyor-monitoring\">5. Through Processing: Continuous Conveyor Monitoring<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-6-choosing-where-to-measure\">6. Choosing Where to Measure<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-7-periodic-sampling-and-continuous-monitoring\">7. Periodic Sampling and Continuous Monitoring<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-8-turning-measurements-into-process-decisions\">8. Turning Measurements into Process Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-9-case-study-connecting-blast-fragmentation-to-crusher-requirements\">9. Case Study: Connecting Blast Fragmentation to Crusher Requirements<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-10-building-long-term-visibility-across-the-life-of-a-mine\">10. Building Long-Term Visibility Across the Life of a Mine<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-10-building-long-term-visibility-across-the-life-of-a-mine\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-10-building-long-term-visibility-across-the-life-of-a-mine\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">10. Building Long-Term Visibility Across the Life of a Mine<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Individual measurements provide information about material at a particular time and location.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Their value can grow when results are collected consistently, associated with operating conditions, and compared over longer periods.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>As mining progresses, operations encounter different geological zones, material characteristics, equipment conditions, and processing requirements.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Measurements collected over time can help document these changes and provide a reference for evaluating subsequent performance.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-connecting-measurements-across-stages\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-connecting-measurements-across-stages\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Connecting Measurements Across Stages<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipWare's technologies provide complementary ways to characterize material throughout the mining and processing cycle:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>WipJoint<\/strong> characterizes exposed rock structure before blasting.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>WipFrag<\/strong> evaluates post-blast fragmentation and other accessible material samples.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>BlastCast<\/strong> helps compare measured fragmentation with modelled outcomes and investigate potential design changes.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Reflex<\/strong> provides automated vehicle-load measurements between loading, haulage, and processing.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Solo<\/strong> provides repeated material measurements on conveyors and process lines.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>MailFrag<\/strong> provides specialist-assisted WipFrag analysis where internal analysis resources are limited.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These technologies do not all measure material in the same way, nor do they need to be deployed together to provide value.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Each addresses a different measurement requirement, and the usefulness of combining results depends on appropriate sampling, calibration, consistent reporting, and the operating information available.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, a mine may compare WipFrag measurements from a blast with subsequent Reflex measurements of truckloads leaving that mining area. Solo measurements can then provide information about material entering or leaving a processing stage.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>When these results are associated with their locations, times, sources, and operating conditions, they can help explain how material characteristics change as production progresses.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-evaluating-trends-and-operational-changes\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-evaluating-trends-and-operational-changes\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Evaluating Trends and Operational Changes<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Long-term measurement records can also support comparisons between operating periods.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A mine might evaluate fragmentation before and after a change in blasting practices, examine crusher product size as equipment wears, or compare grinding circuit feed characteristics from different mining areas.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Measurements can be evaluated alongside operating indicators such as throughput, power consumption, equipment settings, maintenance records, and material routing.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This helps engineers investigate whether changes in material characteristics are associated with changes in process performance.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Importantly, fragmentation measurements do not directly quantify energy efficiency, equipment wear, or cost savings. Those outcomes require corresponding operational data.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The value of fragmentation measurement is that it adds material-characterization information to those evaluations, helping operators better understand the conditions influencing performance.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-building-a-consistent-improvement-process\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-building-a-consistent-improvement-process\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Building a Consistent Improvement Process<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A measurement-driven improvement program begins by defining the requirements of the operation and establishing meaningful targets.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Measurements are then collected at selected locations to determine how actual material characteristics compare with those requirements.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>When conditions differ from expectations, the results can be evaluated alongside the corresponding geological, equipment, and operating information.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Changes to blasting, crushing, screening, or other process settings can then be assessed using subsequent measurements.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Over time, this creates a feedback process in which operational decisions are informed by observed material behaviour rather than assumptions alone.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Not every operation needs measurement systems at every stage. A single well-placed system may provide considerable value when it addresses an important operational problem.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Other operations may benefit from combining measurements at several locations to understand how material changes as it moves through production.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>The objective is to establish the right measurements, at the right locations, with a clear purpose for using the results.<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:quote -->\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Published research provides practical examples of how these measurement approaches have been applied across different operations. Studies involving SAG mill control, crusher performance, conveyor monitoring, and blast optimization demonstrate how fragmentation data can contribute to broader evaluations of process performance. Explore these applications in <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipware-fragmentation-monitoring-case-studies\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"11349\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">WipWare Case Studies: Fragmentation and Process Monitoring<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/blockquote>\n<!-- \/wp:quote --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-1-start-with-the-process-not-the-measurement\">1. Start with the Process, Not the Measurement<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-2-before-blasting-understanding-the-rock-mass\">2. Before Blasting: Understanding the Rock Mass<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-3-after-blasting-measuring-what-was-produced\">3. After Blasting: Measuring What Was Produced<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-4-from-pit-to-plant-measuring-material-during-haulage\">4. From Pit to Plant: Measuring Material During Haulage<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-5-through-processing-continuous-conveyor-monitoring\">5. Through Processing: Continuous Conveyor Monitoring<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-6-choosing-where-to-measure\">6. Choosing Where to Measure<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-7-periodic-sampling-and-continuous-monitoring\">7. Periodic Sampling and Continuous Monitoring<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-8-turning-measurements-into-process-decisions\">8. Turning Measurements into Process Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-9-case-study-connecting-blast-fragmentation-to-crusher-requirements\">9. Case Study: Connecting Blast Fragmentation to Crusher Requirements<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-10-building-long-term-visibility-across-the-life-of-a-mine\">10. Building Long-Term Visibility Across the Life of a Mine<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-conclusion\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-conclusion\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Fragmentation affects much more than the immediate results of a blast.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Material characteristics influence loading, haulage, crushing, screening, grinding, and the consistency of downstream processing. Understanding these relationships requires measurements that can be connected to the operating decisions made at each stage.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>From pre-blast rock characterization and fragmentation assessment to automated vehicle-load and conveyor monitoring, WipWare provides complementary technologies for understanding how material changes throughout an operation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Together with appropriate sampling, operating records, and process targets, these measurements can help operations identify variability, evaluate changes, and develop more consistent approaches to process improvement.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Over the life of a mine, the resulting measurement history can provide valuable context for understanding changing material conditions, comparing operating strategies, and informing future decisions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The value is not simply in collecting more information. It is in understanding what the measurements mean and using them to make better-informed decisions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Because you can't manage what you can't measure<\/strong>!<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-1-start-with-the-process-not-the-measurement\">1. Start with the Process, Not the Measurement<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-2-before-blasting-understanding-the-rock-mass\">2. Before Blasting: Understanding the Rock Mass<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-3-after-blasting-measuring-what-was-produced\">3. After Blasting: Measuring What Was Produced<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-4-from-pit-to-plant-measuring-material-during-haulage\">4. From Pit to Plant: Measuring Material During Haulage<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-5-through-processing-continuous-conveyor-monitoring\">5. Through Processing: Continuous Conveyor Monitoring<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-6-choosing-where-to-measure\">6. Choosing Where to Measure<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-7-periodic-sampling-and-continuous-monitoring\">7. Periodic Sampling and Continuous Monitoring<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-8-turning-measurements-into-process-decisions\">8. Turning Measurements into Process Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-9-case-study-connecting-blast-fragmentation-to-crusher-requirements\">9. Case Study: Connecting Blast Fragmentation to Crusher Requirements<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-10-building-long-term-visibility-across-the-life-of-a-mine\">10. Building Long-Term Visibility Across the Life of a Mine<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=11208&amp;preview=true#h-conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator {\"anchor\":\"h-related-articles\"} -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" id=\"h-related-articles\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->","post_title":"From Blast to Mill: Using Fragmentation Data to Improve Mining Performance","post_excerpt":"Explore how fragmentation measurements support better decisions from blasting through mineral processing, including rock characterization, crusher feed monitoring, and continuous particle size analysis.","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"evaluating-rock-comminution-from-pre-blast-to-post-blast-and-through-mineral-processing","to_ping":"","pinged":"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/understanding-p80-in-crushing-and-material-processing\/\nhttps:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipjoint-guide\/\nhttps:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/blastcast-guide\/\nhttps:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/understanding-rock-blasting-and-fragmentation\/\nhttps:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipfrag-image-capture-and-sampling-guide\/","post_modified":"2026-10-21 15:43:34","post_modified_gmt":"2026-10-21 19:43:34","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=8503","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"9","filter":"raw"},{"ID":10998,"post_author":"20","post_date":"2026-10-09 12:19:51","post_date_gmt":"2026-10-09 16:19:51","post_content":"<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"width\":\"100%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\" style=\"flex-basis:100%\"><!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"space-between\",\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:post-excerpt {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fill\",\"flexSize\":null},\"typography\":{\"fontStyle\":\"italic\",\"fontWeight\":\"700\"}}} \/-->\n\n<!-- wp:buttons {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons\"><!-- wp:button -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=11046\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PDF \u2b73<\/a><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:button --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:buttons --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"20px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"20px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"\"} -->\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Key Takeaways<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>WipFrag results should be interpreted according to the measurement objectives and requirements of the application, rather than assuming smaller or more uniform particles are always better.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>The particle size distribution (PSD) curve, D-values, histogram, and size classes provide complementary ways to evaluate material size, distribution, and oversize.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Statistics such as uniformity, sphericity, and Colour ID provide additional insight into particle characteristics beyond size alone.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Specification envelopes, visual highlighting, and comparative analysis help identify material variation and evaluate results against operational targets.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Representative sampling, consistent analysis methods, and appropriate calibration are essential for meaningful comparisons, particularly when fine particles approach the limits of optical measurement.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Combining measurements with operating data, historical trends, and spatial analysis helps turn fragmentation results into informed process decisions.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"left\"}},\"anchor\":\"h-contents\"} -->\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left\" id=\"h-contents\"><strong>Contents<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\">1. Start With the WipFrag Chart<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\">2. Read the Particle Size Distribution Curve<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\">3. Understand D-Values<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\">4. Understand the WipFrag Statistics<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\">5. Read the Histogram and Size Classes<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\">6. Use the Specification Envelope<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\">7. Review Particle Size Visually<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\">8. Interpret Particle Shape and Colour Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\">9. Combine and Compare Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\">10. Calibration, Fines and Measurement Limits<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\">11. Turn WipFrag Results Into Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\">12. Spatial Results for UAV Analysis<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\">13. Export and Record Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\">WipFrag Results Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Start With the WipFrag Chart<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Once an analysis is complete, WipFrag converts the measured particles into a set of results describing the <strong>particle size distribution (PSD)<\/strong> and other characteristics of the analyzed material.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-style-full-width\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"45%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:45%\"><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The standard WipFrag chart can include:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>a cumulative particle size distribution curve;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>a histogram;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>selected result statistics;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>user-defined size classes;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>a specification envelope;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>sphericity information; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>colour results when Colour ID has been configured.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"55%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:55%\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":11006,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Annotated-WipFrag-Chart-1024x536.png\" alt=\"An annotated WipFrag analysis chart\" class=\"wp-image-11006\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>(1) <\/strong>Particle Size Distribution [PSD] Curve, <strong>(2) <\/strong>Data Box, <strong>(3) <\/strong>Histogram, <strong>(4) <\/strong>Specification Envelope, <strong>(5) <\/strong>Sphericity, <strong>(6) <\/strong>Size Classes.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The chart can be configured to show the information most useful to the application.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-start-with-the-question\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-start-with-the-question\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Start with the question<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Before interpreting individual numbers, ask:&nbsp; <strong>What decision am I trying to make from this result?<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Is the material coarser or finer than expected?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>What percentage of material is below a process limit?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>How much material is above an oversize threshold?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Is the distribution becoming more or less uniform?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Has the PSD changed from a previous sample?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Does the result fall within an operating specification?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Is particle shape changing?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Are large particles concentrated in a particular area?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Is a user-defined colour proportion changing?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Different WipFrag results describe different aspects of the material. There is rarely one value that tells the whole story.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                REMEMBER\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                <b>Interpret the result against the application.<\/b> A smaller, larger, narrower, or wider particle size distribution is NOT automatically better. The useful result is the one that meets the requirements of the process or study.\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Read the Particle Size Distribution Curve<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The particle size distribution (PSD) curve shows how particle size is distributed through the analyzed material.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The horizontal axis represents particle size, while the vertical axis represents <strong>cumulative percentage passing<\/strong> \u2014 the percentage of material smaller than a selected size.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, if the curve shows <strong>~25% passing at 100 mm<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>approximately 25% of the analyzed material is smaller than 100 mm; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>approximately 75% is larger than 100 mm.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The percentage larger than a selected size can also be described as <strong>cumulative percentage retained<\/strong>. Passing and retained are complementary:&nbsp; <strong>~25% passing 100 mm = ~75% retained above 100 mm<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":11015,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Chart-Passing-Retained-1024x536.png\" alt=\"WipFrag chart results showing percent passing and percent retained.\" class=\"wp-image-11015\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Do NOT confuse <strong>cumulative percent retained<\/strong> with the <strong>class retained<\/strong> value in the histogram. Cumulative retained includes everything larger than the selected size, while class retained describes only the material within one defined size interval.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-reading-the-curve-from-either-direction\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-reading-the-curve-from-either-direction\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Reading the curve from either direction<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>You can use the curve in two ways.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4,\"anchor\":\"h-start-with-a-percentage\"} -->\n<h4 id=\"h-start-with-a-percentage\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Start with a percentage<\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>If you want to know the particle size corresponding to a particular percentile, read across from the percentage to the curve and then down to the size axis.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This is how values such as D50 and D80 are interpreted.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4,\"anchor\":\"h-start-with-a-size\"} -->\n<h4 id=\"h-start-with-a-size\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Start with a size<\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>If you already have a meaningful size, such as a screen opening, crusher feed target, oversize limit, product specification, or laboratory sieve size, find that size on the horizontal axis and read upward to the curve.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The corresponding percentage tells you how much of the analyzed material falls below that size.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-understand-the-particle-size-axis\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-understand-the-particle-size-axis\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Understand the particle-size axis<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Particle size distributions often cover a very wide range of sizes, so WipFrag plots the user-defined size classes with <strong>logarithmic scaling<\/strong> to make both smaller and larger particles visible on the same chart.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>On a logarithmic size axis, equal distances across the chart do NOT represent equal numerical increases in particle size.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, the visual distance from 10 mm to 20 mm is NOT interpreted the same way as a linear ruler extending from 10 mm to 20 mm, and progressively larger size ranges can be displayed without compressing the smaller particles into one end of the graph.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use the axis labels and measured values, rather than visual distance alone, when comparing particle sizes.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":11016,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Linear-Log-Data-Comparison.png\" alt=\"Linear data vs logarithmic data comparison\" class=\"wp-image-11016\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-compare-the-entire-curve\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-compare-the-entire-curve\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Compare the entire curve<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>D-values are useful summaries, but two distributions can have similar D50 or D80 values while differing elsewhere.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>When comparing results, look at:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>the fine end;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>the middle of the distribution;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>the coarse end; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>the overall shape of the curve.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Where two curves separate can be just as useful as the difference between individual statistics.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-3-understand-d-values\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-3-understand-d-values\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Understand D-Values<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipFrag reports percentile sizes using the notation <strong>DXX<\/strong>. The number after D represents the percentage of material smaller than the reported size.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>D10:<\/strong>&nbsp; 10% of the material is smaller than this size.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>D50:<\/strong>&nbsp; 50% of the material is smaller and 50% is larger.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>D80:<\/strong>&nbsp; 80% of the material is smaller and 20% is larger.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>D95:<\/strong>&nbsp; 95% of the material is smaller and 5% is larger.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These values provide convenient reference points along the particle size distribution.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-d50\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-d50\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">D50<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>D50 is the <strong>50% passing size<\/strong> and represents the midpoint, or median, of the particle size distribution.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>It is useful for:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>comparing the general size of different samples;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>tracking whether material is becoming coarser or finer; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>summarizing the centre of the distribution.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>D50 should NOT be interpreted as the arithmetic average particle size.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-d80\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-d80\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">D80<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>D80 is the <strong>80% passing size<\/strong>. It is commonly used in mining, aggregates, crushing, grinding, and fragmentation studies because it provides a useful measure toward the coarse side of the distribution without being controlled only by the very largest particles.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use D80 to:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>compare fragmentation between samples;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>track changes over time;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>relate material size to downstream processing; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>compare the result with a defined operational target.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-higher-percentile-sizes\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-higher-percentile-sizes\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Higher percentile sizes<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Values such as <strong>D90<\/strong> and <strong>D95<\/strong> describe progressively more of the coarse end. These values can be useful where large particles or oversize are important, but they also depend strongly on whether the captured sample adequately represented the larger material.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A high-percentile value should therefore be interpreted together with the sampling method and the original imagery.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                IMPORTANT\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                <b>A D-value describes the distribution. It does NOT explain what caused it.<\/b> A change in D80, for example, tells you that the material size distribution changed. Determining why requires the relevant operating, geological, process, or blast information.\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\">1. Start With the WipFrag Chart<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\">2. Read the Particle Size Distribution Curve<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\">3. Understand D-Values<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\">4. Understand the WipFrag Statistics<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\">5. Read the Histogram and Size Classes<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\">6. Use the Specification Envelope<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\">7. Review Particle Size Visually<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\">8. Interpret Particle Shape and Colour Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\">9. Combine and Compare Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\">10. Calibration, Fines and Measurement Limits<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\">11. Turn WipFrag Results Into Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\">12. Spatial Results for UAV Analysis<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\">13. Export and Record Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\">WipFrag Results Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Understand the WipFrag Statistics<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The WipFrag Data Box can display selected statistics alongside the PSD.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Not every statistic needs to be used for every application.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-particles\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-particles\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Particles<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Particles is the number of particles measured in the analysis.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use this value as context for the result rather than as a performance target by itself.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A larger particle count does NOT automatically mean a better analysis. The particles still need to be:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>visible;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>correctly delineated;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>properly scaled; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>representative of the material being sampled.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-coverage\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-coverage\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Coverage<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Coverage is the percentage of the image area included as analyzable material.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Coverage can help describe how much of the image contributed to the analysis.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>It should be considered a supporting diagnostic rather than a particle-size result.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-sphericity\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-sphericity\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sphericity<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipFrag's Sphericity value describes particle shape based on the relationship between particle length and width.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Higher values represent particles that are more equant in the image, while lower values indicate more elongated particles.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use sphericity to:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>compare particle shape between samples;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>identify changes in material shape;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>investigate handling or processing behaviour where particle shape matters; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>complement the PSD when size alone does NOT fully describe the material.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":11019,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-default\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-style-default\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Sphericity-Shape-Comparison-1024x456.png\" alt=\"Comparison of more equant (high sphericity) particles and elongated (lower sphericity) particles.\" class=\"wp-image-11019\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Sphericity describes the <strong>two-dimensional particle shape visible in the image<\/strong>. It should NOT be interpreted as a complete three-dimensional measurement of particle form.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-rosin-rammler-statistics\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-rosin-rammler-statistics\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Rosin-Rammler Statistics<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipFrag can describe the particle size distribution using the Rosin-Rammler model.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4,\"anchor\":\"h-xc-characteristic-size\"} -->\n<h4 id=\"h-xc-characteristic-size\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Xc \u2013 Characteristic Size<\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Xc is the Rosin-Rammler characteristic size.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>In WipFrag:&nbsp; <strong>Xc = D63.2 before any calibration is applied.<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This means 63.2% of the material is smaller than the Xc value.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Xc provides another useful reference size for comparing distributions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4,\"anchor\":\"h-n-uniformity-coefficient\"} -->\n<h4 id=\"h-n-uniformity-coefficient\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>n<\/em> \u2013 Uniformity Coefficient<\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>n<\/em> describes the uniformity of the Rosin-Rammler distribution.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A higher <em>n<\/em> indicates a narrower, more uniform size distribution.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A lower <em>n<\/em> indicates a broader distribution containing a wider range of particle sizes.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use <em>n<\/em> when the spread of the distribution matters, rather than looking only at whether the overall material is coarse or fine.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>In WipFrag:&nbsp; <strong><em>n<\/em> = uniformity coefficient <em>before<\/em> any calibration is applied.<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":11021,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-default\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-style-default\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Uniformity-Comparison.png\" alt=\"Comparison of n values with examples of higher and lower uniformity samples.\" class=\"wp-image-11021\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                EXAMPLE\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                <b>Two samples may have similar D50 values but very different <i>n<\/i> values.<\/b> One may contain particles concentrated around the median size, while the other contains a much wider mixture of fine and coarse material.\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-swebrec-statistics\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-swebrec-statistics\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Swebrec Statistics<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipFrag can also describe the distribution using the Swebrec model.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4,\"anchor\":\"h-x50\"} -->\n<h4 id=\"h-x50\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>X50<\/em><\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>X50<\/em> is the Swebrec 50% passing size.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>In WipFrag:&nbsp; <strong><em>X50<\/em> = D50 <em>before<\/em> any calibration is applied.<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4,\"anchor\":\"h-xmax\"} -->\n<h4 id=\"h-xmax\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>Xmax<\/em><\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>Xmax<\/em> represents the maximum particle size used by the Swebrec distribution and corresponds to the largest particle measured in the analysis.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Interpret <em>Xmax<\/em> carefully when rare oversize particles are important. The result can only represent large particles that were included and correctly measured in the sampled imagery.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>In WipFrag:&nbsp; <strong><em>Xmax<\/em> = largest particle size <em>before<\/em> any calibration is applied.<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4,\"anchor\":\"h-b\"} -->\n<h4 id=\"h-b\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>b<\/em><\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>b<\/em> is the Swebrec curve-undulation parameter.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>It helps describe the shape of the fitted Swebrec distribution.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Unlike a D-value, <em>b<\/em> is usually most useful as part of the fitted distribution or when comparing consistently generated results, rather than as a standalone operating target.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>In WipFrag:&nbsp; <strong><em>b<\/em> = curve-undulation parameter <em>before<\/em> any calibration is applied.<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Read the Histogram and Size Classes<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>While the PSD curve shows the cumulative distribution, the histogram <strong>divides the material into individual size classes<\/strong> to provide a different view of the material.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipFrag supports up to 25 size classes which can be configured around the sizes that matter to the application.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-review-individual-size-classes\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-review-individual-size-classes\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Review individual size classes<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"40%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:40%\"><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For a selected size class in the histogram, WipFrag can provide information including:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Particles<\/strong>\u2014 the number of measured particles within that size class;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Passing<\/strong> \u2014 the cumulative percentage of analyzed material smaller than the selected size;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Retained<\/strong> \u2014 the cumulative percentage of analyzed material larger than the selected size;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Class Retained<\/strong> \u2014 the percentage of material contained within that individual size class;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Sphericity<\/strong> \u2014 the average sphericity of particles in that size class; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>On Spec<\/strong> \u2014 whether that size class is on spec (when a specification envelope has been defined).<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"60%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:60%\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":11023,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Histogram-Size-Class.png\" alt=\"A diagram of WipFrag's histogram and size classes and their relation.\" class=\"wp-image-11023\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-look-at-the-shape-of-the-histogram\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-look-at-the-shape-of-the-histogram\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Look at the shape of the histogram<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Do NOT look only at the tallest bar.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Consider:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Where the material is concentrated:<\/strong>&nbsp; which size classes contain the largest retained proportion.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Distribution width:<\/strong>&nbsp; a narrow grouping indicates material concentrated within a smaller size range, while a broad histogram indicates a wider mixture of sizes.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Fine and coarse tails:<\/strong>&nbsp; material extending toward either end of the histogram can be important even when it does NOT dominate the distribution.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The desired histogram shape depends on the application. A broad distribution is NOT automatically poor, and a narrow distribution is NOT automatically better.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-choose-meaningful-size-classes\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-choose-meaningful-size-classes\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Choose meaningful size classes<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Whenever practical, define size classes around real operating limits such as:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>screen openings;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>crusher or process thresholds;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>product specifications;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>oversize limits;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>laboratory sieve sizes; or<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>other meaningful control points.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Whenever possible, the size classes should represent real decision points rather than arbitrary intervals.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. Use the Specification Envelope<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The <strong>Specification Envelope<\/strong> allows a target range to be placed directly on the WipFrag PSD chart.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"40%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\" style=\"flex-basis:40%\"><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For selected size classes, define:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>a <strong>minimum<\/strong> acceptable percentage passing; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>a <strong>maximum<\/strong> acceptable percentage passing.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipFrag displays the resulting target as a yellow envelope and identifies whether the result falls within the defined specification.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"60%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\" style=\"flex-basis:60%\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":11024,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Specification-Envelope-Comparison.png\" alt=\"A diagram of WipFrag's specification envelope showing on-spec and off-spec values.\" class=\"wp-image-11024\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-why-use-an-envelope\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-why-use-an-envelope\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why use an envelope?<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A specification envelope moves interpretation beyond:&nbsp; <strong>\u201cIs this material finer or coarser?\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>and toward:&nbsp; <strong>\u201cDoes this distribution meet the required operating range?\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use it when the application has known limits for:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>product sizing;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>crusher feed;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>screening;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>blast fragmentation;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>process control; or<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>quality assurance.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong><br><\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-interpret-the-entire-envelope\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-interpret-the-entire-envelope\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Interpret the entire envelope<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A result may meet the target through one part of the distribution and fall outside it elsewhere.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Look at where the curve leaves the envelope.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>That indicates whether the difference is concentrated toward:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>the finer material;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>the middle of the distribution; or<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>the coarse material.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                REMEMBER\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                <b>The specification envelope is user-defined.<\/b> WipFrag tells you whether the result meets the limits you entered; it does NOT determine what the correct operational limits should be.\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\">1. Start With the WipFrag Chart<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\">2. Read the Particle Size Distribution Curve<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\">3. Understand D-Values<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\">4. Understand the WipFrag Statistics<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\">5. Read the Histogram and Size Classes<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\">6. Use the Specification Envelope<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\">7. Review Particle Size Visually<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\">8. Interpret Particle Shape and Colour Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\">9. Combine and Compare Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\">10. Calibration, Fines and Measurement Limits<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\">11. Turn WipFrag Results Into Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\">12. Spatial Results for UAV Analysis<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\">13. Export and Record Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\">WipFrag Results Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-7-review-particle-size-visually\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-7-review-particle-size-visually\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. Review Particle Size Visually<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The PSD curve and histogram summarize the measured particle size distribution, but WipFrag also provides tools for visually relating those results back to the analyzed image.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns\"><!-- wp:column {\"width\":\"40%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\" style=\"flex-basis:40%\"><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-edit-assist\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-edit-assist\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Edit Assist<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipFrag's Edit Assist can highlight:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Largest by Count<\/strong>:&nbsp; a selected number of the largest measured particles.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Largest by Size<\/strong>:&nbsp; all measured particles larger than a user-defined size.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"width\":\"60%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\" style=\"flex-basis:60%\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":11025,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Edit-Assist-Size.png\" alt=\"WipFrag Edit Assist feature with the largest particles by size threshold highlighted at +150mm.\" class=\"wp-image-11025\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use Edit Assist to:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>locate individual oversized particles or particles above a defined size;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>distinguish isolated oversize from a generally coarse distribution;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>identify where the largest measured particles occur in the source image; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>review whether those particles have been delineated correctly.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-block-colours\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-block-colours\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Block Colours<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipFrag can also colour the delineated particles according to their measured size. Larger particles are shown with progressively hotter colours (redder), while smaller particles appear cooler (bluer).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Block Colours can help you:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>see how coarse and fine material is distributed through the image;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>identify areas containing relatively larger particles;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>spot areas worth reviewing more closely;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>relate the PSD and histogram back to the source image; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>visually check whether the measured size pattern makes sense.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"66%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:66%\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":11026,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Block-Colours-Comparison-1024x512.png\" alt=\"The same image compared with and without Block Colours feature\" class=\"wp-image-11026\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"34%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:34%\"><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Particles that are NOT fully contained within the image and user-defined Area of Interest will NOT be included in the analysis.<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The Block Colours feature can help you quickly establish which particles have been included.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Block Colours are also a visual interpretation aid. They do NOT replace the PSD curve, histogram, or numerical size results.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">8. Interpret Particle Shape and Colour Results<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-sphericity-through-the-distribution\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-sphericity-through-the-distribution\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sphericity through the distribution<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>In addition to the overall Sphericity statistic, WipFrag can display sphericity markers through the histogram.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These show how apparent particle shape changes across the measured size classes.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This can help answer questions such as:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Are the larger particles more elongated than the smaller material?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Is particle shape changing with size?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Did a process change affect both size and shape?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use the sphericity information together with the histogram and PSD rather than treating it as a separate quality score.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The desired shape depends on the application. Higher sphericity is NOT automatically better.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-colour-id\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-colour-id\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Colour ID<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>When Colour ID has been configured during the analysis, WipFrag can report the percentage of material matching the user-defined colour profile.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Up to two Colour IDs can be defined.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use Colour ID when colour itself is a useful visual discriminator within the application.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Examples may include:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>visually distinct material types;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>contamination;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>dilution;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>product colour differences; or<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>other user-defined colour classes.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Colour ID is a <strong>colour-match measurement<\/strong>. It should NOT be interpreted as chemical, mineralogical, or object identification unless the colour relationship has been established separately for the application.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\">1. Start With the WipFrag Chart<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\">2. Read the Particle Size Distribution Curve<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\">3. Understand D-Values<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\">4. Understand the WipFrag Statistics<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\">5. Read the Histogram and Size Classes<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\">6. Use the Specification Envelope<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\">7. Review Particle Size Visually<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\">8. Interpret Particle Shape and Colour Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\">9. Combine and Compare Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\">10. Calibration, Fines and Measurement Limits<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\">11. Turn WipFrag Results Into Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\">12. Spatial Results for UAV Analysis<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\">13. Export and Record Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\">WipFrag Results Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-9-combine-and-compare-results\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-9-combine-and-compare-results\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">9. Combine and Compare Results<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>One image often represents only part of a larger sample. Where several images have been captured as representative samples of the <strong>same material population<\/strong>, WipFrag can combine analyses into a merged result.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-when-to-merge\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-when-to-merge\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">When to merge<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Merge results when several analyses were intentionally collected to represent:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>one blast;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>one pile;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>one stockpile;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>one laboratory sample;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>one production period; or<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>another defined sample population.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The merged result provides a broader PSD than relying on one individual image.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-when-not-to-merge\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-when-not-to-merge\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">When NOT to merge<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Do NOT merge samples simply because they are available. Keep analyses separate when the purpose is to compare:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>different blasts;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>different operating conditions;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>different material types;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>different process stages;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>different geological areas; or<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>different time periods.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Otherwise, the differences you are trying to observe may disappear into the combined distribution.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-compare-like-with-like\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-compare-like-with-like\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Compare like with like<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>When tracking changes, keep the sampling and analysis method as consistent as practical. Differences in the following variables can influence the result independently of a true change in the material:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>viewing distance;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>sample location;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>image resolution;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>scaling;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>lighting;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>analysis method; or<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>particle-size visibility.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipfrag-image-capture-and-sampling-guide\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"10311\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Image Capture and Sampling Guide<\/a><\/strong> to help design a repeatable sampling program.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-choose-what-you-need-to-track\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-choose-what-you-need-to-track\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Choose what you need to track<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Avoid collecting numbers simply because they are available. Before establishing a baseline or beginning a comparison study, decide which WipFrag results truly matter to the decision. Useful measurements may include:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>D50 or D80;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">another application-specific D-value;<\/span><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">percentage passing a defined size;<\/span><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">percentage above an oversize threshold;<\/span><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">material within a selected size range;<\/span><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">uniformity coefficient;<\/span><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">sphericity;<\/span><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">Colour ID;<\/span><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">specification status; or<\/span><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>another defined site or process KPI.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Choose measurements that relate directly to the process, product, study, or operating objective, then use those measurements consistently throughout the comparison.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-build-a-baseline\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-build-a-baseline\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Build a baseline<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Once the measurements that matter have been selected, establish their normal range before using them to judge process changes.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A single comparison can show that two samples are different. A series of representative measurements collected under normal operating conditions provides much stronger context.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Where practical, establish a baseline from several representative analyses collected under normal operating conditions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Then track the results that matter to the application, such as:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>D50;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>D80;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>percentage above or below a process threshold;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>uniformity coefficient;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>sphericity;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>specification status;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Colour ID; or<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>another site-specific KPI.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This makes it easier to distinguish normal variation from a meaningful process change.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                REMEMBER\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                <b>A trend is usually more useful than an isolated number.<\/b>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">10. Calibration, Fines and Measurement Limits<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A WipFrag result must always be interpreted within the limits of the imagery and sampling used to create it.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-wipfrag-can-only-measure-what-is-represented\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-wipfrag-can-only-measure-what-is-represented\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">WipFrag can only measure what is represented<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The chart does NOT create information that was absent from the sample.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>If the imagery did NOT adequately represent:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>the largest particles;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>the smallest particles;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>a segregated portion of the sample; or<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>another important part of the material,<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>the PSD may NOT fully represent the complete material population.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-the-fine-end\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-the-fine-end\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">The fine end<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Fine particles are especially dependent on image resolution and visibility.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>If individual particles cannot be distinguished in the original image, they cannot be directly measured from that image.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For broad particle size distributions, use additional closer images where appropriate rather than expecting one wide image to resolve every relevant size.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The <strong>Zoom-Merge<\/strong> approach can combine analyses captured at different scales of observation to better represent broad distributions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4,\"anchor\":\"h-zoom-merge\"} -->\n<h4 id=\"h-zoom-merge\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Zoom-Merge<\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Zoom-Merge combines analyses captured at different scales of observation. Wider images represent larger particles, while closer images improve the visibility of smaller particles that may be below the resolution of the wider view.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The results can then be merged to provide a more representative particle size distribution when the material contains a broad range of sizes.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-relative-results-versus-calibrated-results\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-relative-results-versus-calibrated-results\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Relative results versus calibrated results<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipFrag results can be valuable for comparative measurement even without calibration when the sampling and analysis method remains consistent.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, repeated analyses can show whether material is trending:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>coarser;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>finer;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>broader;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>narrower;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>more or less elongated; or<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>toward or away from an operating target.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For many monitoring applications, the consistency of the measurement method is what makes the trend useful.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Calibration becomes important when the WipFrag result needs to correspond more closely with a physical sieve reference.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-calibration\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-calibration\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Calibration<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipFrag results can be calibrated using the <strong>Swebrec<\/strong>, <strong>Rosin-Rammler<\/strong> or <strong>xP-Fan<\/strong> models.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":11027,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-default\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-style-default\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Calibration-Options.png\" alt=\"The 3 calibration options for WipFrag analysis results.\" class=\"wp-image-11027\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4,\"anchor\":\"h-fines-target\"} -->\n<h4 id=\"h-fines-target\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Fines Target<\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>xP-Fan calibration is <strong>only for blast fragmentation<\/strong> results. It requires a user selection of high, medium, or low fines for the image sample being analyzed. The resulting xP-Fan equation will be displayed on the chart.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4,\"anchor\":\"h-sieve-target\"} -->\n<h4 id=\"h-sieve-target\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sieve Target<\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Sieve calibration with Swebrec or Rosin-Rammler requires:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>real-world sieve results<\/strong> from the material; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>WipFrag analysis of <strong>the same material<\/strong> that was sieved.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The sieve and image-analysis data can then be used to calculate a correction using the available calibration models.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-use-calibration-when\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-use-calibration-when\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Use calibration when<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>long-term results need to correlate with a physical sieve reference;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">a repeatable production application has been established;<\/span><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">representative sieve data are available; or<\/span><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>the image-based result needs to be adjusted to an agreed physical reference method.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-do-not-use-calibration-to-compensate-for-poor-sampling\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-do-not-use-calibration-to-compensate-for-poor-sampling\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Do NOT use calibration to compensate for poor sampling<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Calibration cannot correct an image that did NOT represent the material in the first place.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Good sampling and image capture still come first. You can read the <strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipfrag-image-capture-and-sampling-guide\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"10311\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Image Capture and Sampling Guide<\/a><\/strong><\/strong> for a good starting point before the analysis process begins.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                IMPORTANT\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                <b>Sampling determines what material is represented. Calibration adjusts how that measured distribution relates to a reference.<\/b> They solve different problems.\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\">1. Start With the WipFrag Chart<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\">2. Read the Particle Size Distribution Curve<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\">3. Understand D-Values<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\">4. Understand the WipFrag Statistics<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\">5. Read the Histogram and Size Classes<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\">6. Use the Specification Envelope<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\">7. Review Particle Size Visually<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\">8. Interpret Particle Shape and Colour Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\">9. Combine and Compare Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\">10. Calibration, Fines and Measurement Limits<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\">11. Turn WipFrag Results Into Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\">12. Spatial Results for UAV Analysis<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\">13. Export and Record Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\">WipFrag Results Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-related-articles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-related-articles\">Related Articles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">11. Turn WipFrag Results Into Decisions<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The purpose of WipFrag results is NOT simply to produce a PSD curve.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use the output to answer a defined operational or technical question.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-is-the-material-becoming-coarser-or-finer\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-is-the-material-becoming-coarser-or-finer\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Is the material becoming coarser or finer?<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Compare:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>D50;<ul><li>D80;<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>other relevant D-values; and<\/li><\/ul><!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>the overall PSD curve.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list --><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Do NOT rely on one percentile alone when the full distribution matters.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-how-much-material-is-below-a-process-threshold\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-how-much-material-is-below-a-process-threshold\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">How much material is below a process threshold?<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use <strong>percentage passing<\/strong> at the relevant size.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, if a process limit is 75 mm, determine the percentage passing 75 mm directly from the curve or histogram. The remaining percentage is above that size.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-how-much-oversize-is-present\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-how-much-oversize-is-present\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">How much oversize is present?<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Define the oversize threshold as a relevant size class.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use the percentage above that threshold rather than relying only on <em>Xmax<\/em> or the largest measured particle.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>Xmax<\/em> tells you about the largest particle measured; it does NOT tell you how much oversize material exists.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>If the number and location of individual oversized particles matters, use Edit Assist in addition to the percentage result.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-is-the-distribution-becoming-more-or-less-uniform\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-is-the-distribution-becoming-more-or-less-uniform\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Is the distribution becoming more or less uniform?<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Review:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>the shape of the PSD curve;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">the histogram; and<\/span><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>the Rosin-Rammler <em>n<\/em> value.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Higher <em>n<\/em> indicates a narrower size distribution.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-is-the-result-meeting-the-operating-target\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-is-the-result-meeting-the-operating-target\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Is the result meeting the operating target?<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use the <strong>specification envelope<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This provides a direct comparison between the measured PSD and the defined minimum and maximum passing limits.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-has-particle-shape-changed\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-has-particle-shape-changed\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Has particle shape changed?<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Compare sphericity under consistent sampling and analysis conditions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Review both the average result and the sphericity through the size classes where appropriate.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-is-colour-related-material-changing\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-is-colour-related-material-changing\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Is colour-related material changing?<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Where Colour ID has been deliberately configured for the application, compare the percentage matching the defined colour profiles.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-are-coarse-particles-concentrated-in-one-part-of-the-sample\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-are-coarse-particles-concentrated-in-one-part-of-the-sample\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Are coarse particles concentrated in one part of the sample?<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Block Colours;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>oversize highlighting;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>the original image; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>spatial results where available.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This can help distinguish a generally coarse sample from a localized coarse zone.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-what-caused-the-result\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-what-caused-the-result\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">What caused the result?<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipFrag measures the resulting material characteristics.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The PSD can show that material became:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>coarser;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>finer;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>broader;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>narrower;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>more elongated;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>less elongated; or<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>different in colour.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>It does NOT, by itself, establish the cause.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>To determine why the result changed, compare WipFrag data with the appropriate context, such as:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>drill-and-blast records;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>geology;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>crusher settings;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>screen configuration;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>feed rate;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>process conditions;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>material source; or<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>other operating data.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                REMEMBER\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                <b>Measure first. Diagnose second.<\/b> Use WipFrag to establish what changed, then use the relevant operating information to investigate why.            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">12. Spatial Results for UAV Analysis<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"50%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For UAV analyses with location information, WipFrag can display results spatially using the GIS heatmap.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Depending on the selected result, the heatmap can show spatial changes in values such as:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>D80;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">D95;<\/span><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">Xc;<\/span><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">sphericity;<\/span><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">uniformity; and<\/span><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Colour ID.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This can help identify where the material differs across a large sampled area rather than reducing the entire area to one merged value.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"50%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":11028,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-full-width\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-style-full-width\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-UAV-GIS-Heatmap.png\" alt=\"A screenshot of WipFrag's GIS feature showing the heatmap of a UAV orthomosaic image analysis.\" class=\"wp-image-11028\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-interpret-heatmaps-relative-to-the-target\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-interpret-heatmaps-relative-to-the-target\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Interpret heatmaps relative to the target<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Heatmap colours indicate relative differences in the selected result.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For particle-size outputs, hotter colours generally represent larger values, and cooler colours represent smaller values.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For other measurements, the colour relationship depends on the selected result.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Do NOT assume that a visually hot or cold area is automatically good or bad.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For example, larger particle size may be undesirable in one application and acceptable or expected in another.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use the heatmap to identify <strong>where values differ<\/strong>, then interpret those differences against the operating target and sampling context.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-use-spatial-results-to-investigate-variation\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-use-spatial-results-to-investigate-variation\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Use spatial results to investigate variation<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Spatial results can help identify:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>coarse or fine zones;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">changing uniformity across a blast;<\/span><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">areas with different apparent particle shape;<\/span><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><span style=\"color: initial;\">colour-related variation; or<\/span><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>locations that should be reviewed against drill, blast, geological, or process information.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The heatmap helps locate the variation. It does NOT, by itself, explain the cause.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:columns {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"60%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:60%\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-13-export-and-record-results\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-13-export-and-record-results\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">13. Export and Record Results<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WipFrag results can be exported for reporting, analysis, and record keeping.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Available output formats include:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>PDF:<\/strong>&nbsp; formatted report or chart output.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>PNG:<\/strong>&nbsp; image output for presentations, reports, or documentation.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>CSV:<\/strong>&nbsp; numerical result data for use in spreadsheets, databases, or other analysis tools.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>ANA:&nbsp;<\/strong> the WipFrag analysis file, preserving the analysis for later use or sharing.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For projects containing merged analyses, individual ANA export is NOT available as a single project file.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"40%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:40%\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":11029,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-default\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-style-default\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-Export-Options.png\" alt=\"The export options for WipFrag analysis data.\" class=\"wp-image-11029\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"60%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:60%\"><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-keep-enough-context-with-the-result\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-keep-enough-context-with-the-result\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Keep enough context with the result<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>When results will be compared later, retain information such as:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>sample or project name;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>date;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>location;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>material or source;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>operating condition;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>capture method;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>relevant process or blast settings; and<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>any other information needed to understand what the result represents.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Use clear and consistent naming when results will become part of a longer-term monitoring program.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A PSD without its sampling and operating context can be difficult to interpret later.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column -->\n\n<!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"center\",\"width\":\"40%\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"flex-basis:40%\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":11030,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"className\":\"is-style-default\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-style-default\"><img src=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WipFrag-PDF-Report-Preview.png\" alt=\"PDF report preview from WipFrag\" class=\"wp-image-11030\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"className\":\"is-wide-layout\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-wide-layout\"><!-- wp:heading {\"anchor\":\"h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\"} -->\n<h2 id=\"h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">WipFrag Results Quick Reference<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-start-with-the-curve\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-start-with-the-curve\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Start With the Curve<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>What material or sample does this result represent?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>What decision am I trying to make?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Is the PSD generally where I expected it to be?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Is there a defined target, baseline, or previous result for comparison?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-check-the-key-sizes\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-check-the-key-sizes\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Check the Key Sizes<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>D50:<\/strong> 50% passing size.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>D80:<\/strong> 80% passing size.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Other D-values<\/strong> \u2013 Use the percentile that matters to the application.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong><em>Xc<\/em>:<\/strong>&nbsp; Rosin-Rammler characteristic size; equivalent to D63.2.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong><em>X50<\/em>:<\/strong> Swebrec 50% passing size; equivalent to D50.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong><em>Xmax<\/em>:<\/strong>&nbsp; Largest particle measured \/ Swebrec maximum size.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-check-the-distribution\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-check-the-distribution\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Check the Distribution<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong><em>n<\/em>:<\/strong>&nbsp; Is the distribution becoming narrower or broader?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Histogram:<\/strong> &nbsp;Which size ranges contain the material?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Histogram width:&nbsp;<\/strong> Is the distribution concentrated or spread across a wide size range?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Fine \/ coarse tails:&nbsp;<\/strong> Is significant material present at either end?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Percentage Passing:&nbsp;<\/strong> How much is below the operational threshold?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Percentage Retained:&nbsp;<\/strong> How much lies within the selected size ranges?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-check-oversize\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-check-oversize\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Check Oversize<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>What size defines oversize for this application?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>What percentage is above that threshold?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>How many individual particles exceed the threshold?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Are those particles isolated or widespread?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Have the largest particles been delineated correctly?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-check-other-measurements\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-check-other-measurements\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Check Other Measurements<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Sphericity:<\/strong>&nbsp; Has apparent particle shape changed?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Sphericity through the histogram:<\/strong>&nbsp; Does shape vary by particle size?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Colour ID:<\/strong>&nbsp; Has the user-defined colour proportion changed?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Coverage \/ Particles:<\/strong>&nbsp; Do the supporting analysis statistics make sense?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-check-against-the-target\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-check-against-the-target\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Check Against the Target<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Is a specification envelope available?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Where does the curve meet or leave the target range?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Is the difference at the fine, middle, or coarse end?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-check-the-measurement\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-check-the-measurement\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Check the Measurement<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Were the images representative?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Were the important particle sizes visible?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Should several analyses be merged?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Is this a relative comparison or does it need calibration?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Is suitable sieve data available if calibration is required?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Does the result need to be compared with process, geological, or blast data?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-look-for-trends\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-look-for-trends\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Look for Trends<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Is there a baseline for normal operation?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Is this result outside normal variation?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Is the change persistent across several analyses?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Were the samples collected using a comparable method?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3,\"anchor\":\"h-record-the-result\"} -->\n<h3 id=\"h-record-the-result\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Record the Result<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Export the required PDF, PNG, CSV, or ANA file.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Keep the sample identity and operating context with the result.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Use consistent naming for future comparison.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<style>\n\/* =========================================================\n   MOBILE LAYOUT\n   DO column stacks above AVOID column.\n   Desktop\/tablet layout remains side-by-side.\n   ========================================================= *\/\n\n@media (max-width: 600px) {\n\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table {\n        display: block;\n        width: 100%;\n        border-collapse: separate;\n    }\n\n    \/* Hide desktop header *\/\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table thead {\n        display: none;\n    }\n\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tbody,\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table tr {\n        display: block;\n        width: 100%;\n    }\n\n    #general-do-avoid .do-avoid-table td {\n        display: block;\n        width: 100% !important;\n        box-sizing: border-box;\n        padding: 12px 16px !important;\n        font-size: 16px !important;\n        line-height: 1.45;\n    }\n\n    \/* Remove desktop centre divider *\/\n    #general-do-avoid .do-column {\n        border-right: none !important;\n    }\n\n    \/* Mobile DO header *\/\n    #general-do-avoid .do-column::before {\n        content: \"WIPFRAG RESULTS \u2013 DO\";\n        display: block;\n        margin: -12px -16px 12px -16px;\n        padding: 9px 16px;\n        background-color: #00b050;\n        color: #ffffff;\n        font-size: 20px;\n        font-weight: bold;\n        text-align: center;\n        border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n    }\n\n    \/* Thick divider before AVOID section *\/\n    #general-do-avoid .avoid-column {\n        border-top: 3pt solid #000000;\n    }\n\n    \/* Mobile AVOID header *\/\n    #general-do-avoid .avoid-column::before {\n        content: \"WIPFRAG RESULTS \u2013 AVOID\";\n        display: block;\n        margin: -12px -16px 12px -16px;\n        padding: 9px 16px;\n        background-color: #ee0000;\n        color: #ffffff;\n        font-size: 20px;\n        font-weight: bold;\n        text-align: center;\n        border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000;\n    }\n}\n<\/style>\n\n\n<div id=\"general-do-avoid\">\n\n<table class=\"do-avoid-table\" style=\"\n    width:100%;\n    border-collapse:collapse;\n    border:3pt solid #000000;\n    font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n\n    <!-- =====================================================\n         HEADER ROW\n         ===================================================== -->\n    <thead>\n        <tr>\n            <th style=\"\n                width:50%;\n                background-color:#00b050;\n                color:#ffffff;\n                font-size:22px;\n                font-weight:bold;\n                text-align:center;\n                padding:12px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n                border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                WIPFRAG RESULTS \u2013 DO\n            <\/th>\n\n            <th style=\"\n                width:50%;\n                background-color:#ee0000;\n                color:#ffffff;\n                font-size:22px;\n                font-weight:bold;\n                text-align:center;\n                padding:12px 16px;\n                border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;\n            \">\n                WIPFRAG RESULTS \u2013 AVOID\n            <\/th>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/thead>\n\n\n    <!-- =====================================================\n         SINGLE CONTENT ROW\n         ===================================================== -->\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n\n            <!-- =================================================\n                 DO COLUMN\n                 Add\/remove DO items here.\n                 ================================================= -->\n            <td class=\"do-column\" style=\"\n                width:50%;\n                background-color:#c6f6d5;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                border-right:3pt solid #000000;\n                vertical-align:top;\n            \">\n\n                <!-- ===== DO 1 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Start with the operational or technical question.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== DO 2 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Read the full PSD curve, NOT only one statistic.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== DO 3 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use D-values that are meaningful to the application.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== DO 4 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use percentage passing at real process thresholds.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== DO 5 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use the histogram to understand individual size ranges.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== DO 6 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Look at both the centre and tails of the distribution.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== DO 7 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use <i>n<\/i> when distribution uniformity matters.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== DO 8 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use the specification envelope when defined targets are available.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== DO 9 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use Edit Assist when individual oversize particles matter.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== DO 10 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use Block Colours to relate numerical sizes back to the image.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== DO 11 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Compare results collected using consistent sampling methods.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== DO 12 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Build a baseline before drawing conclusions from normal variation.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== DO 13 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Merge analyses that represent the same intended sample population.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== DO 14 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Keep sampling and operating context with exported results.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== DO 15 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Use calibration when suitable reference data are available.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== DO 16 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2713<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Review the original image whenever a result appears unusual.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n            <\/td>\n\n\n            <!-- =================================================\n                 AVOID COLUMN\n                 Add\/remove AVOID items here.\n                 ================================================= -->\n            <td class=\"avoid-column\" style=\"\n                width:50%;\n                background-color:#fed7d7;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size:16px;\n                font-weight:normal;\n                padding:10px 16px;\n                vertical-align:top;\n            \">\n\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 1 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Treating smaller particle size as automatically better.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 2 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Considering D50 as an arithmetic mean.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 3 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Using one D-value to describe every aspect of the PSD.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 4 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Using <i>Xmax<\/i> alone to describe oversize.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 5 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Confusing particle count with percentage of material.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 6 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Assuming a narrow distribution is always preferable.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 7 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Treating sphericity as a universal quality score.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 8 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Assuming a PSD explains why a process changed.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 9 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Comparing results without considering how the samples were captured.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 10 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Merging fundamentally different samples into one result.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 11 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Over-interpreting particles near or below the image resolution.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 12 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Using calibration to compensate for unrepresentative sampling.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 13 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px; margin-bottom:14px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Treating Block Colours or GIS heatmaps as good\/bad indicators without an application target.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <!-- ===== AVOID 14 ===== -->\n                <div style=\"display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:8px;\">\n                    <span style=\"font-weight:bold; flex:0 0 auto;\">\u2715<\/span>\n                    <span style=\"flex:1;\">Treating Colour ID as chemical or material identification without application-specific validation.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n\n            <\/td>\n\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n\n<\/table>\n\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"30px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<table style=\"\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 3pt solid #1d70b7;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n\">\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 10px 16px 4px 16px;\n                border: none;\n                font-weight: bold;\n            \">\n                MORE INFORMATION\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n\n        <tr>\n            <td style=\"\n                background-color: #f3920066;\n                padding: 4px 16px 10px 16px;\n                border: none;\n            \">\n                For image capture, sampling, and scaling guidance, refer to the <b><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/kb\/wipfrag-image-capture-and-sampling-guide\/\">Image Capture and Sampling Guide<\/a>.<\/b> For all software controls and configurations refer to the latest <b><a href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=6685\">WipFrag User Manual<\/a>.<\/b>\n            <\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- \/wp:html --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:columns {\"className\":\"is-style-large\",\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-large has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:column {\"verticalAlignment\":\"top\",\"width\":\"\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\"><!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"nowrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"center\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"},\"typography\":{\"textAlign\":\"center\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>Jump to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"fontSize\":\"small\",\"layout\":{\"type\":\"flex\",\"flexWrap\":\"wrap\",\"justifyContent\":\"left\",\"orientation\":\"horizontal\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-1-start-with-the-wipfrag-chart\">1. Start With the WipFrag Chart<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-2-read-the-particle-size-distribution-curve\">2. Read the Particle Size Distribution Curve<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-3-understand-d-values\">3. Understand D-Values<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-4-understand-the-wipfrag-statistics\">4. Understand the WipFrag Statistics<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-5-read-the-histogram-and-size-classes\">5. Read the Histogram and Size Classes<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-6-use-the-specification-envelope\">6. Use the Specification Envelope<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-7-review-particle-size-visually\">7. Review Particle Size Visually<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-8-interpret-particle-shape-and-colour-results\">8. Interpret Particle Shape and Colour Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-9-combine-and-compare-results\">9. Combine and Compare Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-10-calibration-fines-and-measurement-limits\">10. Calibration, Fines and Measurement Limits<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-11-turn-wipfrag-results-into-decisions\">11. Turn WipFrag Results Into Decisions<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-12-spatial-results-for-uav-analysis\">12. Spatial Results for UAV Analysis<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-13-export-and-record-results\">13. Export and Record Results<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u2022<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"\"}},\"fontSize\":\"small\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#h-wipfrag-results-quick-reference\">WipFrag Results Quick Reference<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:buttons {\"style\":{\"layout\":{\"selfStretch\":\"fixedNoShrink\",\"flexSize\":\"%\"}}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons\"><!-- wp:button -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?wpdmdl=11046\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PDF \u2b73<\/a><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:button --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:buttons --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"10px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator {\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"is-style-thick\",\"anchor\":\"h-related-articles\"} -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator aligncenter has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-thick\" id=\"h-related-articles\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:column --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:columns -->","post_title":"Results Interpretation Guide","post_excerpt":"A practical guide to understanding particle size distribution, shape and WipFrag analysis results","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"wipfrag-results-interpretation-guide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2026-11-05 11:04:48","post_modified_gmt":"2026-11-05 16:04:48","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/wipware.com\/?p=10998","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"4","filter":"raw"}]},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.8 (Yoast SEO v28.8) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>System Sieve Calibration for Solo &amp; Reflex &#8226; WipWare<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn when and how to calibrate WipWare Solo and Reflex particle size measurements against laboratory sieve results, including sampling and validation.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/kb\/photoanalysis-system-calibration\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"System Sieve Calibration: When and Why It Matters\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Not every optical particle size monitoring application requires sieve calibration. Learn when it adds value and how WipWare systems use laboratory data to adjust PSD results.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/es\/kb\/photoanalysis-system-calibration\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"WipWare\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/WipWare\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2014-11-07T14:09:27+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-11-05T15:37:01+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/wipware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/Calibrated-PSD.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1205\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"607\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Andrew Palangio\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"System Sieve Calibration: Matching Optical Analysis with Laboratory Results &#8226; WipWare\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"Understand how sieve calibration relates automated particle size measurements to laboratory results, when calibration is useful, and how to prepare, compare, and validate representative samples.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@WipWare\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@WipWare\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrito por\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Andrew Palangio\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tiempo estimado de lectura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"16 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wipware.com\\\/kb\\\/photoanalysis-system-calibration\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wipware.com\\\/kb\\\/photoanalysis-system-calibration\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Andrew Palangio\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wipware.com\\\/it\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ced16d997e0bf810fdc6c312a2217370\"},\"headline\":\"System Sieve Calibration: Matching Optical Analysis with Laboratory Results\",\"datePublished\":\"2014-11-07T14:09:27+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-11-05T15:37:01+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wipware.com\\\/kb\\\/photoanalysis-system-calibration\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":3236,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wipware.com\\\/it\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wipware.com\\\/kb\\\/photoanalysis-system-calibration\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wipware.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2014\\\/11\\\/Calibrated-PSD.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Aggregates\",\"Mining\",\"Reflex\",\"Solo\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Knowledge Base\"],\"inLanguage\":\"es-CL\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wipware.com\\\/kb\\\/photoanalysis-system-calibration\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wipware.com\\\/kb\\\/photoanalysis-system-calibration\\\/\",\"name\":\"System Sieve Calibration for Solo & Reflex &#8226; 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